31 05 13 - SOILS FOR EARTHWORK

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 05 13 - 1 007297.0444

SECTION 31 05 13 - SOILS FOR EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Subsoil materials.

2. Topsoil materials.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 31 05 16 - Aggregates for Earthwork.

2. Section 31 23 16.13 - Trenching.

3. Section 31 23 23 - Fill.

4. Section 32 92 19 – Seeding.

1.2 REFERENCES

A. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT):

1. Publication 19 – Field and Laboratory Test Methods, latest edition.

2. Publication 408 - Specifications, latest edition, as amended.

B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1. AASHTO T89 - Standard Method of Test for Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils.

2. AASHTO T88 - Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Soils.

3. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils

Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.

4. AASHTO T194 - Standard Method of Test for Determination of Organic Matter in

Soils by Wet Combustion.

C. ASTM International:

1. ASTM D698 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of

Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3).

2. ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3).

3. ASTM D2487 - Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified

Soil Classification System).

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 33 00 - Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Materials Source: Submit name of imported materials source.

C. Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 05 13 - 2 007297.0444

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Furnish each soil material from single source throughout the Work.

B. Perform Work in accordance with PennDOT and West Manchester Township standards.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SUBSOIL MATERIALS

A. Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material: Material of maximum size that can be readily placed in loose, 8-inch layers; conforming to the requirements below. Frozen material shall not be utilized:

1. Soil. Includes earth material with the following physical characteristics:

a. Gradation—More than 35% passing No. 200 sieve.

b. Minimum dry mass density—95 pounds per cubic foot determined according to PennDOT PTM No. 106, Method B.

c. Maximum liquid limit—65, determined according to AASHTO T 89.

d. Plasticity index—Not less than liquid limit minus 30, determined according to AASHTO T 90 for soils with liquid limits of 41 to 65.

2. Granular Material. Includes natural or synthetic mineral aggregates having 35% or less passing the No. 200 sieve.

3. Shale. Includes rock-like material formed by natural consolidation of mud, clay, silt, and fine sand; usually thinly laminated, comparatively soft, and easily split.

4. Rock. Includes natural material that cannot be excavated without blasting or using rippers; also boulders and detached stones of a size that cannot be readily placed and compacted in loose, 8-inch layers and having insufficient soil to fill the voids in each layer.

5. Random Material. Includes any accepted combination of the above classifications and may include concrete, brick, stone, or masonry units from demolition.

6. Suitable Material. Reasonably free of organic matter, coal or coal blossom, or other objectionable matter. Wet, dry, or frozen material may be suitable when dried, wetted, or thawed, respectively.

B. Clean Fill: Fill material consisting of soil, rock, stone, dredged material, used asphalt, and brick, block or concrete from construction and demolition activities. The evaluation of fill materials shall be in accordance with PA DEP’s “Clean Fill” regulations and procedures for determining whether material is clean or regulated.

2.2 TOPSOIL MATERIALS

A. Topsoil Type:

1. Excavated and reused material or imported borrow.

2. Graded.

3. Free of roots, rocks larger than 1/2 inch, subsoil, debris, large weeds and foreign matter:

a. Screening: Single screened.

4. Conforming to ASTM D2487 Group Symbol OH.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 05 13 - 3 007297.0444

2.3 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Testing and Inspection Services: Testing and analysis of soil material

B. Testing and Analysis of Subsoil Material: Perform in accordance with ASTM D1557.

C. Testing and Analysis of Topsoil Material: Perform in accordance with ASTM D1557.

D. When tests indicate materials do not meet specified requirements, change material and retest.

E. Furnish materials of each type from same source throughout the Work.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXCAVATION

A. Excavate subsoil and topsoil from areas designated. Strip topsoil to full depth of topsoil in designated areas.

B. Stockpile excavated material meeting requirements for subsoil materials and topsoil materials.

C. Remove excess excavated materials not intended for reuse, from site.

D. Remove excavated materials not meeting requirements for subsoil materials and topsoil materials from site.

3.2 STOCKPILING

A. Stockpile materials on site.

B. Stockpile in sufficient quantities to meet Project schedule and requirements.

C. Separate differing materials with dividers or stockpile apart to prevent mixing.

D. Stockpile topsoil 8 feet high maximum.

E. Prevent intermixing of soil types or contamination.

F. Direct surface water away from stockpile site to prevent erosion or deterioration of materials.

3.3 STOCKPILE CLEANUP

A. Remove stockpile, leave area in clean and neat condition. Grade site surface to prevent free standing surface water.

END OF SECTION