31 23 23 - Fill.pdf

31 23 23 - FILL

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 1 000598.0465

SECTION 31 23 23 - FILL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Backfilling building perimeter to subgrade elevations.

2. Backfilling site structures to subgrade elevations.

3. Fill under slabs-on-grade.

4. Fill under paving.

5. Fill for over-excavation.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 03 30 00 - Cast-In-Place Concrete: Concrete materials.

2. Section 31 05 13 - Soils for Earthwork: Soils for fill.

3. Section 31 05 16 - Aggregates for Earthwork: Aggregates for fill.

4. Section 31 23 16 - Excavation.

5. Section 31 23 16.13 - Trenching: Backfilling of utility trenches.

1.2 REFERENCES

A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils

Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.

B. ASTM International:

1. ASTM D698 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of

Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3).

2. ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3).

3. ASTM D2922 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in

Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

4. ASTM D3017 - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 33 00 - Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Product Data: Submit data for geotextile fabric indicating fabric and construction.

C. Materials Source: Submit name of imported fill materials suppliers.

D. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 2 000598.0465

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FILL MATERIALS

A. Structural Fill: Type PennDOT 2A as specified in Section 31 05 16.

B. Structure Backfill: Type AASHTO No. 57 as specified in Section 31 05 16.

C. Granular Fill: Type AASHTO No. 8 as specified in Section 31 05 16.

D. Flowable Fill: Per PennDOT requirements.

E. Subsoil Fill: Type Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material as specified in Section 31 05 13.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Verify subdrainage, damp proofing, or waterproofing installation has been inspected.

B. Verify underground tanks are anchored to their own foundations to avoid flotation after backfilling.

C. Verify structural ability of unsupported walls to support loads imposed by fill.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Compact subgrade to density requirements for subsequent backfill materials.

B. Cut out soft areas of subgrade not capable of compaction in place. Backfill with structural fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill material.

C. Proof roll to identify soft spots; fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill material.

3.3 BACKFILLING

A. Backfill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials.

B. Systematically backfill to allow maximum time for natural settlement. Do not backfill over porous, wet, frozen or spongy subgrade surfaces.

C. Place material in continuous layers as follows:

1. Subsoil Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

2. Structural Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

3. Granular Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

D. Employ placement method that does not disturb or damage other work.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 3 000598.0465

E. Maintain optimum moisture content of backfill materials to attain required compaction density.

F. Backfill simultaneously on each side of unsupported foundation walls until supports are in place.

G. Slope grade away from building minimum 2 percent slope for minimum distance of 10 ft, unless noted otherwise.

H. Make gradual grade changes. Blend slope into level areas.

I. Remove surplus backfill materials from site.

J. Leave fill material stockpile areas free of excess fill materials.

3.4 TOLERANCES

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Tolerances.

B. Top Surface of Backfilling Within Building Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

C. Top Surface of Backfilling Under Paved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

D. Top Surface of General Backfilling: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Field inspecting, testing, adjusting, and balancing.

B. Perform laboratory material tests in accordance with AASHTO T180, ASTM D1557, or

ASTM D698.

C. Perform in place compaction tests in accordance with the following:

1. Density Tests: ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, or ASTM D2922.

2. Moisture Tests: ASTM D3017.

D. When tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace and retest.

E. Proof roll compacted fill surfaces under pavement.

3.6 PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORK

A. Section 01 73 00 - Execution Requirements: Protecting finished work.

B. Reshape and re-compact fills subjected to vehicular traffic.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 4 000598.0465

3.7 SCHEDULE

A. Manholes:

1. Fill Type: PennDOT 2A Aggregate to subgrade elevation, compact uniformly to

100 percent of maximum density in accordance with ASTM D698.

B. Fill Under Grass Areas:

1. Fill Type: Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material, to 6 inches below finish grade, compact uniformly to 90 percent of maximum density in accordance with

ASTM D698.

C. Fill Under Asphalt Paving:

1. Fill Type: Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material to subbase elevation, compact uniformly to 95 percent maximum dry density in accordance with ASTM D698.

2. Cover with Fill Type: PennDOT 2A aggregate to pavement base, compact uniformly to 95 percent maximum dry density in accordance with ASTM D698.

D. Fill to Correct Over-excavation:

1. Fill Type: PennDOT 2A aggregate or structural fill approved for use by the

Engineer, compacted to 98 percent maximum dry density in accordance with

ASTM D698.

END OF SECTION