31 22 13 - Rough Grading.pdf

31 22 13 – ROUGH GRADING

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 22 13-1 005153.0436

SECTION 31 22 13 - ROUGH GRADING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Excavating topsoil.

2. Excavating subsoil.

3. Cutting, grading, filling, rough contouring, and compacting site for site structures, building pads, and site facilities.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 31 05 13 - Soils for Earthwork: Soils for fill.

2. Section 31 05 16 - Aggregates for Earthwork: Aggregates for fill.

3. Section 31 10 00 - Site Clearing: Excavating topsoil.

4. Section 31 23 16 - Excavation: Building excavation.

5. Section 31 23 16.13 - Trenching: Trenching and backfilling for utilities.

6. Section 31 23 16.26 - Rock Removal.

1.2 REFERENCES

A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils

Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.

B. ASTM International:

1. ASTM C136 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse

Aggregates.

2. ASTM D698 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of

Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3).

3. ASTM D1556 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method.

4. ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3).

5. ASTM D2167 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method.

6. ASTM D2419 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine

Aggregate.

7. ASTM D2434 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant

Head).

8. ASTM D2922 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in

Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

9. ASTM D3017 - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

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1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 33 00 - Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Samples: Submit, in air-tight containers, 10 lb. sample of each type of fill to testing laboratory.

C. Materials Source: Submit name of imported materials suppliers.

D. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

1.4 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 77 00 - Closeout Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Project Record Documents: Accurately record actual locations of utilities remaining by horizontal dimensions, elevations or inverts, and slope gradients.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform Work in accordance with ASTM C136, ASTM D2419, and ASTM D2434.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Topsoil: as specified in Section 31 05 13.

B. Subsoil Fill: Type Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material as specified in Section 31 05 13.

C. Structural Fill: PennDOT 2A as specified in Section 31 05 13.

D. Granular Fill: Type AASHTO No. 57 or PennDOT 2A as specified in Section 31 05 13.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Section 01 73 00 - Execution Requirements: Verification of existing conditions before starting work.

B. Verify site conditions.

C. Verify survey bench mark and intended elevations for the Work are as indicated on Drawings.

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3.2 PREPARATION

A. Call Pennsylvania One Call System, Inc. at 1-800-242 not less than three working days before performing Work:

1. Request underground utilities to be located and marked within and surrounding construction areas.

B. Identify required lines, levels, contours, and datum.

C. Where indicated, notify utility company to remove and relocate utilities.

D. Protect utilities indicated to remain from damage.

E. Protect plant life, lawns, and other features remaining as portion of final landscaping.

F. Protect bench marks, survey control point, existing structures, fences, sidewalks, paving, and curbs from excavating equipment and vehicular traffic.

3.3 TOPSOIL EXCAVATION

A. Excavate topsoil from areas to be further excavated, re-landscaped, or regraded, without mixing with foreign materials for use in finish grading.

B. Do not excavate wet topsoil.

C. Stockpile in area designated on site to depth not exceeding 35 feet and protect from erosion. Stockpile material on impervious material or 36 mil Hypalon material and cover over with same material, until use.

D. Remove excess topsoil not intended for reuse, from site.

3.4 SUBSOIL EXCAVATION

A. Excavate subsoil from areas with proposed site improvements, to be further excavated, re-landscaped, or regraded. All organics, existing fill materials and any soft/wet/frozen soils shall be removed to expose an acceptable subgrade.

B. Do not excavate wet subsoil or excavate and process wet material to obtain optimum moisture content.

C. When excavating through roots, perform Work by hand and cut roots with sharp axe.

D. Remove excess subsoil not intended for reuse, from site.

E. Benching Slopes: Horizontally bench existing slopes greater than 1:4 to key placed fill material to slope to provide firm bearing.

F. Stability: Replace damaged or displaced subsoil as specified for fill.

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3.5 FILLING

A. Fill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials.

B. Place material in continuous layers as follows:

1. Subsoil Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

2. Structural Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

3. Granular Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

C. Maintain optimum moisture content of fill materials to attain required compaction density.

D. Slope grade away from building minimum 2 percent slope for minimum distance of 10 ft, unless noted otherwise.

E. Make grade changes gradual. Blend slope into level areas.

F. Repair or replace items indicated to remain damaged by excavation or filling.

3.6 TOLERANCES

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Tolerances.

B. Top Surface of Subgrade: Plus or minus 1/10 foot from required elevation.

3.7 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Field inspecting, testing, adjusting, and balancing.

B. Perform laboratory material tests in accordance with ASTM D1557.

C. Perform in place compaction tests in accordance with the following:

1. Density Tests: ASTM D2922.

2. Moisture Tests: ASTM D3017.

D. When tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace and retest.

E. Frequency of Tests: one per 500 SY per layer.

END OF SECTION