ATTACHMENT 3 - 2024.09.12_OK-ANG_SQUADOPS B1040_TYPE B3_SPECIFICATIONS VOL. 2.pdf

Type B-3 100% Submittal Specifications - VOL 2

REPAIR BUILDING 1040:

COMMUNICATION, SQUAD OPERATIONS, INTEL SQUADRON

137 SOW OK ANG, WILL ROGERS ANG BASE, OK

NGB Contract: W9133L16D0005 Task Order: W50S8T-21-F-0007

OK ANG PN: YZEU142025

12 September, 2024

PROJECT MANUAL

12 SEPTEMBER, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Civil Structural

Architectural Fire Protection

Mechanical Electrical

Aprales

09-10-2024

30821

Marcus A.

Prater

Aprales

09-12-2024

MICHAEL

JAMES

TURNER

a5815

Frankfurt-Short-Bruza Architects Engineers Planners document1 Page 1 of 1 5801 Broadway Extension, Suite 500, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73118-7436

Telephone (405) 840-2931 Facsimile (405) 842-7750 Website www.fsb-ae.com

JASON

MARK

ELLIOTT

30719

MERRITT

NEAL

OLMSTEAD

1913926495

SEAN P.

McGRAW

09/12/2024 llp Text Box

OKLAHOMA AIR NATIONAL GUARD 137TH

REPAIR/CONVERT BLDG 1040 COMM/SQUAD OPS/INTEL

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK

PROJ. NUM. YZEU142025

137TH SOW OKLAHOMA ANG B-3 100% REPAIR BUILDING 1040

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 12 SEPTEMBER, 2024

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK

01 14 00 WORK RESTRICTIONS

01 20 00 PRICE AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES

01 30 00 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

01 32 01.00 10 PROJECT SCHEDULE

01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES

01 35 26 GOVERNMENTAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

01 42 00 SOURCES FOR REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

01 45 00.00 10 QUALITY CONTROL

01 45 35 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS

01 50 00 TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES AND CONTROLS

01 57 19 TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

01 74 19 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL

01 78 00 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

01 78 23 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DATA

01 91 00.15 10 TOTAL BUILDING COMMISSIONING

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

02 41 00 DEMOLITION

02 82 00 ASBESTOS REMEDIATION

02 83 00 LEAD REMEDIATION

DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE

03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

DIVISION 04 - MASONRY

04 20 00 MASONRY

DIVISION 05 - METALS

05 12 00 STRUCTURAL STEEL

05 40 00 COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING

05 50 13 MISCELLANEOUS METAL FABRICATIONS

DIVISION 06 - WOOD, PLASTICS, AND COMPOSITES

06 10 00 ROUGH CARPENTRY

06 20 00 FINISH CARPENTRY

06 41 16.00 10 PLASTIC-LAMINATE-CLAD ARCHITECTURAL CABINETS

06 61 16 SOLID SURFACING FABRICATIONS

DIVISION 07 - THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

07 21 13 BOARD AND BLOCK INSULATION

07 21 16 MINERAL FIBER BLANKET INSULATION

07 27 26 FLUID-APPLIED MEMBRANE AIR BARRIERS

07 27 36 SPRAY FOAM AIR BARRIERS

07 60 00 FLASHING AND SHEET METAL

07 84 00 FIRESTOPPING

07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS

DIVISION 08 - OPENINGS

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1

08 11 13 STEEL DOORS AND FRAMES

08 11 16 ALUMINUM DOORS AND FRAMES

08 14 00 WOOD DOORS

08 31 00 ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS

08 34 73 SOUND CONTROL DOOR ASSEMBLIES

08 41 13 ALUMINUM-FRAMED ENTRANCES AND STOREFRONTS

08 71 00 DOOR HARDWARE

08 81 00 GLAZING

08 87 23.13 SAFETY FILMS

08 91 00 METAL WALL LOUVERS

DIVISION 09 - FINISHES

09 22 00 SUPPORTS FOR GYPSUM BOARD

09 29 00 GYPSUM BOARD

09 30 10 CERAMIC, QUARRY, AND GLASS TILING

09 51 00 ACOUSTICAL CEILINGS

09 62 38 STATIC-CONTROL FLOORING

09 65 00 RESILIENT FLOORING

09 68 00 CARPETING

09 69 13 RIGID GRID ACCESS FLOORING

09 72 00 WALLCOVERINGS

09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS

09 96 00 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COATINGS

DIVISION 10 - SPECIALTIES

10 11 00 VISUAL DISPLAY UNITS

10 14 00.20 INTERIOR SIGNAGE

10 21 13 TOILET COMPARTMENTS

10 22 39 FOLDING PANEL PARTITIONS

10 26 00 WALL AND DOOR PROTECTION

10 28 13 TOILET ACCESSORIES

10 44 16 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

10 51 13 LOCKERS

10 51 16 CELL PHONE LOCKERS

DIVISION 11 - EQUIPMENT

11 94 10 ROOFTOP FALL PROTECTION ANCHORS

DIVISION 12 - FURNISHINGS

12 21 00 WINDOW BLINDS

DIVISION 21 - FIRE SUPPRESSION

21 13 13 WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS, FIRE PROTECTION

DIVISION 22 - PLUMBING

22 00 00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE

DIVISION 23 - HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

23 03 00.00 20 BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

23 05 93 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC

23 07 00 THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2

23 09 00 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR HVAC

23 09 13 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL DEVICES FOR HVAC

23 09 23.02 BACNET DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL FOR HVAC AND OTHER BUILDING

CONTROL SYSTEMS

23 11 20 FACILITY GAS PIPING

23 21 23 HYDRONIC PUMPS

23 23 00 REFRIGERANT PIPING

23 30 00 HVAC AIR DISTRIBUTION

23 52 00 HEATING BOILERS

23 64 26 CHILLED, CHILLED-HOT, AND CONDENSER WATER PIPING SYSTEMS

23 80 20.00 10 GAS-FIRED HEATING EQUIPMENT

23 81 00 DECENTRALIZED UNITARY HVAC EQUIPMENT

DIVISION 25 - INTEGRATED AUTOMATION

25 05 11.01 CYBERSECURITY FOR FACILITY-RELATED CONTROL SYSTEMS -

BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEMS (BCS)

25 05 11.04 CYBERSECURITY FOR MODERATE IMPACT FIRE PROTECTION CONTROL

SYSTEMS

25 08 10 UTILITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM TESTING

DIVISION 26 - ELECTRICAL

26 05 26.00 40 GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

26 05 71.00 40 LOW VOLTAGE OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES

26 09 23.00 40 LIGHTING CONTROL DEVICES

26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

26 32 15 ENGINE-GENERATOR SET STATIONARY 15-2500 KW, WITH

AUXILIARIES

26 36 23 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES AND BY-PASS/ISOLATION SWITCH

26 41 00 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

26 51 00 INTERIOR LIGHTING

26 53 00.00 40 EXIT SIGNS

DIVISION 27 - COMMUNICATIONS

27 05 13.43 TELEVISION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

27 05 28.36 40 CABLE TRAYS FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

27 10 00 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM

27 13 23.00 40 COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL BACKBONE CABLING

27 51 16 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS

DIVISION 28 - ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY

28 31 76 INTERIOR FIRE ALARM AND MASS NOTIFICATION SYSTEM,

ADDRESSABLE

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

31 00 00 EARTHWORK

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 01 19.61 SEALING OF JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENT

32 11 20 BASE COURSE FOR RIGID PAVING

32 13 13.06 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR ROADS AND SITE

FACILITIES

32 16 19 CONCRETE CURBS, GUTTERS AND SIDEWALKS

32 17 23 PAVEMENT MARKINGS

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3

DIVISION 33 - UTILITIES

33 82 00 TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT (OSP)

-- End of Project Table of Contents --

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 4

SECTION 21 13 13

WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS, FIRE PROTECTION

08/20

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ASME)

ASME B16.1 (2020) Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Classes 25, 125, and 250

ASME B16.3 (2021) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

ASME B16.4 (2021) Gray Iron Threaded Fittings;

Classes 125 and 250

ASME B16.21 (2021) Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)

AWWA C104/A21.4 (2016) Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water

AWWA C110/A21.10 (2012) Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings for Water

AWWA C111/A21.11 (2017) Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings

AWWA C203 (2020) Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines - Enamel and Tape - Hot-Applied

AWWA M14 (4th Ed) Backflow Prevention and Cross- Connection Control; Recommended Practices

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A47/A47M (1999; R 2022; E 2022) Standard Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

ASTM A53/A53M (2022) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

ASTM A135/A135M (2009; R2014) Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 1

ASTM A153/A153M (2016a) Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A183 (2014; R 2020) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts

ASTM A536 (1984; R 2019; E 2019) Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings

FM GLOBAL (FM)

FM APP GUIDE (updated on-line) Approval Guide http://www.approvalguide.com/

INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY STANDARD (ICS)

ICS 705-1 (2010) Physical and Technical Security Standard for Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities

MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS

INDUSTRY (MSS)

MSS SP-71 (2018) Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 13 (2022) Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 24 (2022) Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

NFPA 101 (2021) Life Safety Code

NFPA 291 (2022) Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CERTIFICATION IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES

(NICET)

NICET 1014-7 (2012) Program Detail Manual for Certification in the Field of Fire Protection Engineering Technology (Field Code 003) Subfield of Automatic Sprinkler System Layout

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

UL 199 (2020) UL Standard for Safety Automatic Sprinklers for Fire-Protection Service

UL 262 (2004; Reprint Oct 2011) Gate Valves for Fire-Protection Service

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 2

UL 312 (2010; Reprint Mar 2018) UL Standard for Safety Check Valves for Fire-Protection Service

UL 668 (2004; Reprint Jul 2016) UL Standard for Safety Hose Valves for Fire-Protection Service

UL 789 (2004; Reprint May 2017) UL Standard for Safety Indicator Posts for Fire-Protection Service

UL Fire Prot Dir (2012) Fire Protection Equipment Directory

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

UFC 3-600-01 (2016; with Change 6, 2021) Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Provide wet pipe sprinkler system(s) in areas indicated on the drawings .

Except as modified herein, the system must meet the requirements of NFPA 13 , UFC 3-600-01 . Pipe sizes must be determined by hydraulic calculations.

1.2.1 Hydraulic Design

1.2.1.1 Basis for Calculations

A waterflow test was performed on the potable water supply on 10/11/2023 and resulted in a static pressure of 60 psi with a residual pressure of 40 psi while flowing 1050 gpm. Perform a new fire hydrant flow test prior to shop drawing submittal in accordance with NFPA 291 . Results must include hydrant elevations relative to the building and hydrant number/identifiers for the tested hydrants, including which were flowed, which had a gauge.

This information must be presented in a tabular form if multiple hydrants were flowed. The results must be included with the hydraulic calculations. Hydraulic calculations must be based on contractor performed flow test noted in this paragraph with 15 psi margin of safety.

Hydraulic calculations must be based upon the Hazen-Williams formula with a "C" value noted in NFPA 13 for piping, and C=100 for existing underground piping.

1.2.1.2 Hydraulic Calculations

a. Water supply curves and system requirements must be plotted on semi-logarithmic graph (N^1.85) paper so as to present a summary of the complete hydraulic calculation.

b. Provide a summary sheet listing sprinklers in the design area and their respective hydraulic reference points, elevations, minimum discharge pressures and minimum flows. Elevations of hydraulic reference points (nodes) must be indicated.

c. Documentation must identify each pipe individually and the nodes connected thereto. Indicate the diameter, length, flow, velocity, friction loss, number and type fittings, total friction loss in the pipe, equivalent pipe length and Hazen-Williams coefficient for each pipe.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 3

d. Where the sprinkler system is supplied by interconnected risers, the sprinkler system must be hydraulically calculated using the hydraulically most demanding single riser. The calculations must not assume the simultaneous use of more than one riser.

e. All calculations must include the backflow preventer manufacturer's stated friction loss at the design flow for double check backflow preventer,OR 8 psi whichever is greater.

e. All calculations must be performed back to the actual location of the flow test, taking into account the direction of flow in the service main at the test location.

f. For gridded systems, calculations must show peaking of demand area friction loss to verify that the hydraulically most demanding area is being used. A flow diagram indicating the quantity and direction of flows must be included.

1.2.1.3 Design Criteria

Hydraulically design the system to discharge a minimum density in accordance with UFC 3-600-01, Table 9-3, for the Hazard Classification indicated on the drawings. Hazard classification shall meet or exceed that required by NFPA 13. Hydraulic calculations must be in accordance with the Area/Density Method of NFPA 13. Add an allowance of 250 GPM exterior hose streams since the hydrants are not on the separate potable water supply. Include a 15 psi margin of safety.

1.2.2 Sprinkler Coverage

Sprinklers must be uniformly spaced on branch lines. Provide coverage throughout 100 percent of the area noted on the Contract drawings. This includes, but is not limited to, telephone rooms, electrical equipment rooms (regardless of the fire resistance rating of the enclosure), boiler rooms, switchgear rooms, transformer rooms, attached electrical vaults and other electrical and mechanical spaces. Coverage per sprinkler must be in accordance with NFPA 13 . Provide sprinklers below all obstructions in accordance with NFPA 13 . Exceptions are as follows:

a. Sprinklers may be omitted from small rooms which are exempted for specific occupancies in accordance with NFPA 101 .

1.2.3 Qualified Fire Protection Engineer (QFPE)

An individual who is a licensed professional engineer (P.E.) who has passed the fire protection engineering written examination administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) and has relevant fire protection engineering experience, including three projects similar to this one which have been in satisfactory use for at least six months. Services of the QFPE must include:

a. Reviewing SD-02, SD-03, and SD-05 submittal packages and test procedures and reports for completeness and compliance with the provisions of this specification. Working (shop) drawings and calculations must be prepared by, or prepared under the immediate supervision of, the QFPE. The QFPE must affix their professional engineering seal or submittal review stamp with signature to the shop drawings, calculations, and material data sheets, indicating approval

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 4 prior to submitting the shop drawings to the DFPE.

b. Provide a letter documenting that the SD-02, SD-03, and SD-05 submittal package has been reviewed and noting all outstanding comments.

c. Performing in-progress construction surveillance prior to installation of ceilings (rough-in inspection).

d. Reviewing SD-06 test plans and procedures and test reports for completeness and compliance with the provisions of this specification. The QFPE must affix their review stamp with signature to the test plans and reports indicating approval before submitting to the DFPE.

e. Witnessing pre-Government and final Government functional performance testing and performing a final installation review.

f. Signing applicable certificates under SD-07.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. Partial submittals and submittals not fully complying with NFPA 13 and this specification section must be returned disapproved without review. SD-02, SD-03 and SD-05 must be submitted simultaneously.

Shop drawings (SD-02), product data (SD-03) and calculations (SD-05) must be prepared by the designer and combined and submitted as one complete package, with the SD-03 product data submitted under separate transmittal.

The QFPE must review the SD-02/SD-03/SD-05 submittal package for completeness and compliance with the Contract provisions prior to submission to the Government. The QFPE must provide a Letter of Confirmation that they have reviewed the submittal package for compliance with the contract provisions. This letter must include their professional engineer stamp and signature. Partial submittals and submittals not reviewed by the QFPE will be returned disapproved without review.

Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL

PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Qualified Fire Protection Engineer (QFPE); G

Sprinkler System Designer; G

Sprinkler System Installer; G

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Shop Drawing; G

SD-03 Product Data

Pipe; G

Fittings; G

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 5

Valves, including gate, check, butterfly, and globe; G

Riser Check Valves; G

Relief Valves; G

Sprinklers ; G

Pipe Hangers and Supports ; G

Sprinkler Alarm Switch; G

Valve Supervisory (Tamper) Switch; G

Fire Department Connection;G Backflow Prevention Assembly;G

Air Vent; G

Hose Valve; Nameplates; G

Test Procedures

SD-05 Design Data

Hydraulic Calculations; G

SD-06 Test Reports

Preliminary Test Procedure; G

Final Test Procedures; G

Preliminary Test Report; G

Final Test Report; G

SD-07 Certificates

Verification of Compliant Installation; G

Request for Government Final Test; G

SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data

Posted Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Instructions; G

Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Instructions; G

Spare Parts Data; G

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

As-built drawings

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 6

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4.1 Preconstruction Submittals

Within 36 days of contract award but no less than 14 days prior to commencing work on site, the prime Contractor must submit the SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals with documentation of qualifications for review and approval. SD-02, SD-03 and SD-05 submittals received prior to the review and approval of the qualifications will be returned Disapproved Without Review.

1.4.1.1 Shop Drawing

Three paper copies and one digital copy in a format acceptable to the Contracting Officer of the shop drawings, no later than 28 days prior to the start of system installation. Working drawings conforming to the requirements prescribed in NFPA 13 and must be no smaller than the Contract Drawings. Each set of drawings must include the following:

1. A descriptive index with drawings listed in sequence by number. A legend sheet identifying device symbols, nomenclature, and conventions used in the package.

2. Floor plans drawn to a scale not less than 1/8-inch equals 1-foot clearly showing locations of devices, equipment, risers, and other details required to clearly describe the proposed arrangement. Text height shall be minimum 1/10".

3. Actual center-to-center dimensions between sprinklers on branch lines and between branch lines; from end sprinklers to adjacent walls; from walls to branch lines; from sprinkler feed mains, cross mains and branch lines to finished floor and roof or ceiling. A detail must show the dimension from the sprinkler and sprinkler deflector to the ceiling in finished areas.

4. Longitudinal and transverse building sections showing typical branch line and cross main pipe routing, elevation of each typical sprinkler above finished floor and elevation of "cloud" or false ceilings in relation to the building ceilings.

5. Plan and elevation views which establish that the equipment will fit the allotted spaces with clearance for installation and maintenance.

6. Enlarged riser layout plans and section drawings drawn to a scale of not less than 1/2-inch equals 1-foot to show details of each system component, clearances between each other and from other equipment and construction in the room.

7. Details of each type of riser assembly, pipe hanger, and restraint of underground water main at point-of-entry into the building, and electrical devices and interconnecting wiring. The dimension from the edge of vertical piping to the nearest adjacent wall(s) must be indicated on the drawings when vertical piping is located in stairs or other portions of the means of egress.

8. Details of each type of pipe hanger, force protection bracing/restraint and related components.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 7

1.4.1.2 Product Data

Three paper and one digital copy of annotated catalog data to show the specific model, type, and size of each item. Catalog cuts must also indicate the NRTL listing. The data must be highlighted to show model, size, options, and other pertinent information, that are intended for consideration. Data must be adequate to demonstrate compliance with all contract requirements. Product data for all equipment must be combined into a single submittal and submitted at the same time as the shop drawings and calculations submittal.

1.4.1.3 Hydraulic Calculations

Calculations must be as outlined in NFPA 13 except that calculations must be performed by computer using software intended specifically for fire protection system design using the design data shown on the drawings.

Calculations must include isometric diagram indicating hydraulic nodes and pipe segments.

1.4.1.4 Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Instructions

Submit in accordance with Section 01 78 23 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DATA as supplemented and modified by this specification section.

Provide six paper manuals with tabs and bookmarks corresponding to the table of contents and one pdf version on electronic media. The manuals must include the manufacturer's name, model number, parts list, list of parts and tools that should be kept in stock by the owner for routine maintenance, troubleshooting guide, and recommended service organization (including address and telephone number) for each item of equipment.

Submit spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified. The data must include a complete list of parts and supplies, and a list of parts recommended by the manufacturer to be replaced after 1-year and 3 years of service. Include a list of special tools and test equipment required for maintenance and testing of the products supplied.

1.4.1.4.1 Posted Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Instructions

Provide Posted O&M Instructions, in color with professionally prepared graphics, 15" x 21" or larger, framed in heavy gauge extruded metal frames, mounted under glass, water/weatherproof. Permanently mount in a reserved clear wall area as shown on the shop drawings, near FACU and/or sprinkler riser. Include comprehensive schematics for sprinkler and fire alarm systems, facility floor plans showing location of all fire equipment and devices with coordinated identification. Include fire rated walls, fire dampers, fire alarm riser diagram, I/O matrix, point list, and all components. Include valve charts, equipment schedule and wiring diagrams and schematics.

1.4.2 Qualifications

1.4.2.1 Sprinkler System Designer

The sprinkler system designer must be certified as a Level IV Technician by National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) in the Water-Based Systems Layout subfield of Fire Protection Engineering Technology in accordance with NICET 1014-7 .

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 8

1.4.2.2 Sprinkler System Installer

The sprinkler system installer must be regularly engaged in the installation of the type and complexity of system specified in the contract documents, and must have served in a similar capacity for at least three systems that have performed in the manner intended for a period of not less than 6 months.

1.4.3 Regulatory Requirements

Equipment and material must be listed or approved. Listed or approved, as used in this Section, means listed, labeled or approved by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) such as UL Fire Prot Dir or FM APP GUIDE. The omission of these terms under the description of an item or equipment described must not be construed as waiving this requirement. All listings or approvals by testing laboratories must be from an existing ANSI or UL published standard. The recommended practices stated in the manufacturer's literature or documentation are mandatory requirements.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Protect all equipment delivered and placed in storage from the weather, excessive humidity and temperature variations, dirt and dust, or other contaminants. All pipes must be either capped or plugged until installed.

1.6 EXTRA MATERIALS

Spare sprinklers and wrench(es) must be provided as spare parts in accordance with NFPA 13 .

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

2.1.1 Standard Products

Provide materials, equipment, and devices listed for fire protection service when so required by NFPA 13 or this specification. Select material from one manufacturer, where possible, and not a combination of manufacturers, for a classification of material. Material and equipment must be standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture of the products for at least 2 years prior to bid.

2.1.2 Nameplates

Major components of equipment must have the manufacturer's name, address, type or style, model or serial number, catalog number, date of installation, installing Contractor's name and address, and the contract number provided on a new name plate permanently affixed to the item or equipment. Nameplates must be etched metal or plastic, permanently attached by screws to control units, panels or adjacent walls.

2.1.3 Identification and Marking

Pipe and fitting markings must include name or identifying symbol of manufacturer and nominal size. Pipe must be marked with ASTM designation. Valves and equipment markings must have name or identifying symbol of manufacturer, specific model number, nominal size, name of

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 9 device, arrow indicating direction of flow, and position of installation (horizontal or vertical), except if valve can be installed in either position. Markings must be included on the body casting or on an etched or stamped metal nameplate permanently on the valve or cover plate.

2.1.4 Pressure Ratings

Valves, fittings, couplings, alarm switches, and similar devices must be rated for the maximum working pressures that can be experienced in the system, but in no case less than 175 psi.

2.2 UNDERGROUND PIPING COMPONENTS

2.2.1 Pipe

Pipe must comply with NFPA 24 . Piping more than 5 feet outside the building walls must comply with NFPA 24, UFC 3-600-01, Specifications Division 33 and the Civil drawings. A continuous section of welded stainless steel fire water service piping from a point outside the building perimeter to a flanged fitting at 12 inches above the finished floor within the building is required.

2.2.2 Fittings and Gaskets

Fittings must be ductile-iron conforming to AWWA C110/A21.10 with cement mortar lining conforming to AWWA C104/A21.4 . Gaskets must be suitable in design and size for the pipe with which such gaskets are to be used.

Gaskets for ductile-iron pipe joints must conform to AWWA C111/A21.11 .

2.2.3 Gate Valve and Indicator Posts

Installation must comply with NFPA 24 . Gate valves for use with indicator post must conform to UL 262 . Indicator posts must conform to UL 789 and shall be provided with supervisory switches monitored by the fire alarm system. Provide each indicator post with one coat of primer and two coats of red enamel paint.

2.2.4 Valve Boxes

Except where indicator posts are provided, for each buried valve, provide a cast-iron, ductile-iron, or plastic valve box of a suitable size.

Plastic boxes must be constructed of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or inorganic fiber-reinforced black polyolefin. Provide cast-iron, ductile-iron, or plastic cover for valve box with the word "WATER" cast on the cover. The minimum box shaft diameter must be 5.25 inches. Coat cast-iron and ductile-iron boxes with bituminous paint applied to a minimum dry-film thickness of 10 mils.

2.2.5 Buried Utility Warning and Identification Tape

Provide detectable aluminum foil plastic backed tape or detectable magnetic plastic tape manufactured specifically for warning and identification of buried piping. Tape must be detectable by an electronic detection instrument. Provide tape, 3 inches minimum width, color coded for the utility involved with warning and identification imprinted in bold block letters continuously and repeatedly over the entire tape length.

Warning and identification must read "CAUTION BURIED WATER PIPING BELOW" or similar wording. Use permanent code and letter coloring unaffected by moisture and other substances contained in trench backfill material.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 10

2.3 ABOVEGROUND PIPING COMPONENTS

2.3.1 Steel Piping Components

2.3.1.1 Steel Pipe

Except as modified herein, pipe must be black steel as permitted by NFPA 13 and conform to the applicable provisions of ASTM A53/A53M, ASTM A135/A135M or ASTM A153/A153M .

Steel pipe must be minimum Schedule 40.

2.3.1.2 Fittings

Fittings must be shop welded, threaded, or grooved-end type. Threaded fittings must be cast-iron conforming to ASME B16.4 , malleable-iron conforming to ASME B16.3 or ductile-iron conforming to ASTM A536.

Plain-end fittings with mechanical couplings, fittings that use steel gripping devices to bite into the pipe, steel press fittings and field welded fittings are not permitted. Fittings, mechanical couplings, and rubber gaskets must be supplied by the same manufacturer. Threaded fittings must use Teflon tape or manufacturer's approved joint compound.

Saddle tees using rubber gasketed fittings are prohibited. Reducing couplings are not permitted.

2.3.1.3 Grooved Mechanical Joints and Fittings

Joints and fittings must be designed for not less than 175 psi service and the product of the same manufacturer. Field welded fittings must not be used. Fitting and coupling housing must be malleable-iron conforming to ASTM A47/A47M, Grade 32510; ductile-iron conforming to ASTM A536, Grade 65-45-12. Rubber gasketed grooved-end pipe and fittings with mechanical couplings are permitted in pipe sizes 2 inches and larger. Gasket must be the flush type that fills the entire cavity between the fitting and the pipe. Nuts and bolts must be heat-treated steel conforming to ASTM A183 and must be cadmium-plated or zinc-electroplated.

2.3.1.4 Flanges

Flanges must conform to NFPA 13 and ASME B16.1 . Flange adapters are not permitted. Gaskets must be non-asbestos compressed material in accordance with ASME B16.21 , 1/16-inch thick, and full face or self-centering flat ring type.

2.3.2 Flexible Sprinkler Hose

Braided flexible sprinkler hose is permitted if AHJ allows.

2.3.3 Pipe Hangers and Supports

Provide galvanized pipe hangers and supports in accordance with NFPA 13 .

2.3.4 Valves

Provide valves of types approved for fire service. Valves must open by counterclockwise rotation.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 11

2.3.4.1 Control Valve

Manually operated sprinkler control/gate valve must be outside stem and yoke (OS&Y) type or butterfly type as indicated on the drawings and must be listed.

2.3.4.2 Check Valves

Check valves must comply with UL 312 . Check valves 4 inches and larger must be of the swing type, have a clear waterway and meet the requirements of MSS SP-71 , for Type 3 or 4. Inspection plate must be provided on valves larger than 6 inches.

2.3.5 Riser Check Valves

Provide riser check valve, pressure gauges and main drain. Provide pressure relief valve, inspector's test, and other components as required for a fully operational system.

2.4 ALARM INITIATING AND SUPERVISORY DEVICES

2.4.1 Sprinkler Alarm Switch

Vanetype flow switch(es). Connection of switch must be by the fire alarm installer. Vane type alarm actuating devices must have mechanical diaphragm controlled retard device adjustable from 10 to 60 seconds and must instantly recycle.

2.4.2 Valve Supervisory (Tamper) Switch

Switch must be integral to the control valve or suitable for mounting to the type of control valve to be supervised open. The switch must be tamper resistant and contain SPDT (Form C) contacts arranged to transfer upon removal of the housing cover or closure of the valve of more than two rotations of the valve stem.

2.5 BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY

Double-check valve assembly backflow preventer complying with ASSE 1013 , ASSE 1015 and AWWA M14. Each check valve must have a drain. Backflow prevention assemblies must have current "Certificate of Approval from the Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research, FCCCHR List" and be listed for fire protection use. Listing of the specific make, model, design, and size in the FCCCHR List is acceptable as the required documentation.

2.5.1 Backflow Preventer Test Connection

Test connection must consist of a series of listed hose valves with 2 1/2-inch National Standard male hose threads with cap and chain.

2.6 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION

Fire department connection must be remote type with cast-brass body, matching escutcheon lettered "Auto Spkr" with a chromium-plated finish.

The connection must be a 4" Storz with cap and chain, turned down 30 degrees.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 12

2.7 SPRINKLERS

Sprinklers must comply with UL 199 and NFPA 13 . Sprinklers with internal O-rings are not acceptable. Sprinklers in high heat areas including attic spaces or in close proximity to unit heaters must have temperature classification in accordance with NFPA 13 . Extended coverage sprinklers are permitted for loading docks, residential occupancies and high-piled storage applications only.

2.7.1 Pendent Sprinkler

Pendent sprinkler must be recessed quick-response type with minimum nominal K-factor of 5.6, 8.0, or 11.2, per UFC 3-600-01 Table 9-3.

Pendent sprinklers must have a polished chrome finish. Assembly must include an integral escutcheon. Provide recessed pendents where ceilings are provided unless concealed sprinklers are indicated.

2.7.2 Upright Sprinkler

Upright sprinkler must be brass quick-response type and have a minimum nominal K-factor of 5.6, 8.0 or 11.2, per UFC 3-600-01.

2.7.3 Sidewall Sprinkler

Sidewall sprinkler must be the quick-response type. Sidewall sprinkler must have a minimum nominal K-factor of 5.6, 8.0 or 11.2, per UFC 3-600-01.

Sidewall sprinkler must have a brass finish.

2.7.4 Concealed Sprinkler

Concealed sprinkler must be quick-response type and have a minimum nominal K-factor of 5.6 or 8.0 per UFC 3-600-01. Coverplate must be white unless noted otherwise on drawings.

2.8 ACCESSORIES

2.8.1 Sprinkler Cabinet

Provide spare sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13 and must be placed in a suitable metal or plastic cabinet of sufficient size to accommodate all the spare sprinklers and wrenches in designated locations. Spare sprinklers must be representative of, and in proportion to, the number of each type and temperature rating of the sprinklers installed as required by NFPA 13 . At least one wrench of each type required must be provided.

2.8.2 Pendent Sprinkler Escutcheon

Escutcheon must be one-piece metallic type with a depth of less than 3/4-inch and suitable for installation on pendent sprinklers. The escutcheon must have a factory finish that matches the pendent sprinkler.

2.8.3 Pipe Escutcheon

Provide split hinge metal plates for piping entering walls, floors, and ceilings in exposed spaces. Provide polished stainless steel plates or chromium-plated finish on copper alloy plates in finished spaces. Provide paint finish on metal plates in unfinished spaces.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 13

2.8.4 Sprinkler Guard

Listed guard must be a steel wire cage designed to encase the sprinkler and protect it from mechanical damage. Guards must be provided on sprinklers located in rooms with electrical or communication equipment and on sprinklers within 7 feet of the floor and where indicated on drawings or required by NFPA 13.

2.8.5 Relief Valve

Relief valves must be listed and installed at the riser in accordance with

NFPA 13 .

2.8.6 Air Vent

Air vents must be of the automatic type and piped to drain to the building exterior.

2.8.7 Identification Sign

Valve identification sign must be minimum 6 inches wide by 2 inches high with enamel baked finish on minimum 18 gage steel or 0.024-inch aluminum with red letters on a white background or white letters on red background. Wording of sign must include, but not be limited to "main drain", "auxiliary drain", "inspector's test",and similar wording as required to identify operational components. Where there is more than one sprinkler system, signage must include specific details as to the respective system.

2.8.8 Posted Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Instructions

O&M Manuals shall be completed, submitted and approved no later than 30 days prior to beneficial occupancy. Provide waterproof heavy metal extruded framed permanent posted O&M instructions under glass that are coordinated with and keyed to the O&M Manuals and that utilize the system and device identification and operations identifications. Instructions shall have professionally prepared graphics, printed on full sized sheets, in color. Posted instructions shall show, at a minimum:

(a) Comprehensive schematic piping diagrams including water supply, and sprinkler systems.

(b) Facility floor plans showing location of all fire equipment and devices with coordinated identification. Show items such as fire walls, fire barriers, fire dampers, etc.

(c) System diagrams, including isometrics of special equipment such as fire risers and all appurtenances.

(d) Valve charts.

(e) Equipment schedule.

(f) Wiring diagrams and schematics.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 VERIFYING ACTUAL FIELD CONDITIONS

Before commencing work, examine all adjoining work on which the contractor's work that is dependent for perfect workmanship according to the intent of this specification section, and report to the Contracting Officer's Representative a condition that prevents performance of first class work. No "waiver of responsibility" for incomplete, inadequate or

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 14 defective adjoining work will be considered unless notice has been filed before submittal of a proposal.

3.2 INSTALLATION

The installation must be in accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 13 , NFPA 24 , UFC 3-600-01 , and publications referenced therein.

Locate sprinklers in a consistent pattern with ceiling grid, lights, and air supply diffusers. Install sprinkler system over and under ducts, piping and platforms when such equipment can negatively affect or disrupt the sprinkler discharge pattern and coverage.

a. Piping offsets, fittings, and other accessories required must be furnished to provide a complete installation and to eliminate interference with other construction.

b. Wherever the contractor's work interconnects with work of other trades the Contractor must coordinate with other Contractors to insure all Contractors have the information necessary so that they may properly install all necessary connections and equipment. Identify all work items needing access (dampers and similar equipment) that are concealed above hung ceilings by permanent color coded pins/tabs in the ceiling directly below the item.

c. Provide required supports and hangers for piping, conduit, and equipment so that loading will not exceed allowable loadings of structure. Submittal of a bid must be a deemed representation that the contractor submitting such bid has ascertained allowable loadings and has included in his estimates the costs associated in furnishing required supports.

3.2.1 Waste Removal

At the conclusion of each day's work, clean up and stockpile on site all waste, debris, and trash which may have accumulated during the day as a result of work by the contractor and of his presence on the job.

Sidewalks and streets adjoining the property must be kept broom clean and free of waste, debris, trash and obstructions caused by work of the contractor, which will affect the condition and safety of streets, walks, utilities, and property.

3.3 UNDERGROUND PIPING INSTALLATION

The fire protection water main must be laid, and joints anchored, in accordance with NFPA 24 . Minimum depth of cover must be 48" feet or 12" below the frost line, whichever is deeper. The supply line must terminate inside the building with a flanged piece, the bottom of which must be set at 12" to 13" above the finished floor. A blind flange must be installed temporarily on top of the flanged piece to prevent the entrance of foreign matter into the supply line. A concrete thrust block must be provided at the elbow where the pipe turns up toward the floor. In addition, joints must be anchored in accordance with NFPA 24 . Buried steel components must be provided with a corrosion protective coating in accordance with AWWA C203. Piping more than 5 feet outside the building walls must meet the requirements of the Civil drawings.

3.4 ABOVEGROUND PIPING INSTALLATION

The methods of fabrication and installation of the aboveground piping must

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 15 fully comply with the requirements and recommended practices of NFPA 13 and this specification section.

3.4.1 Protection of Piping Against Earthquake Damage

Seismic restraint is not required for sprinkler piping.

3.4.2 Piping in Exposed Areas

Install exposed piping without diminishing exit access widths, corridors or equipment access. Exposed horizontal piping, including drain piping, must be installed to provide maximum headroom.

3.4.3 Piping in Finished Areas

In areas with suspended or dropped ceilings and in areas with concealed spaces above the ceiling, piping must be concealed above ceilings. Piping must be inspected, hydrostatically tested and approved before being concealed. Risers and similar vertical runs of piping in finished areas must be concealed.

3.4.4 Pendent Sprinklers

a. Drop nipples to pendent sprinklers must consist of minimum 1-inch pipe with a reducing coupling into which the sprinkler must be threaded.

b. Where sprinklers are installed below suspended or dropped ceilings, drop nipples must be cut such that sprinkler ceiling plates or escutcheons are of a uniform depth throughout the finished space. The outlet of the reducing coupling must not extend below the underside of the ceiling.

c. Recessed pendent sprinklers must be installed such that the distance from the sprinkler deflector to the underside of the ceiling must not exceed the manufacturer's listed range and must be of uniform depth throughout the finished area.

d. Pendent sprinklers in suspended ceilings must be located in the center of the tile (+/- 2 inches).

e. Dry pendent sprinkler assemblies must be such that sprinkler ceiling plates or escutcheons are of the uniform depth throughout the finished space.

f. Dry pendent sprinklers must be of the required length to permit the sprinkler to be threaded directly into a branch line tee.

g. Where the maximum static or flowing pressure, whichever is greater at the sprinkler, applied other than through the fire department connection, exceeds 100 psi and a branch line above the ceiling supplies sprinklers in a pendent position below the ceiling, the cumulative horizontal length of an unsupported armover to a sprinkler or sprinkler drop must not exceed 12 inches.

3.4.5 Upright Sprinklers

Riser nipples or "sprigs" to upright sprinklers must contain no fittings between the branch line tee and the reducing coupling at the sprinkler.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 16

3.4.6 Pipe Joints

Pipe joints must conform to NFPA 13 , except as modified herein. Not more than four threads must show after joint is made up. Welded joints will be permitted, only if welding operations are performed as required by NFPA 13 at the Contractor's fabrication shop, not at the project construction site. Flanged joints must be provided where indicated or required by NFPA 13 . Grooved pipe and fittings must be prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's latest published specification according to pipe material, wall thickness and size. Grooved couplings, fittings and grooving tools must be products of the same manufacturer. For copper tubing, pipe and groove dimensions must comply with the tolerances specified by the coupling manufacturer. The diameter of grooves made in the field must be measured using a "go/no-go" gauge, vernier or dial caliper, narrow-land micrometer, or other method specifically approved by the coupling manufacturer for the intended application. Groove width and dimension of groove from end of pipe must be measured and recorded for each change in grooving tool setup to verify compliance with coupling manufacturer's tolerances.

3.4.7 Reducers

Reductions in pipe sizes must be made with one-piece tapered reducing fittings. When standard fittings of the required size are not manufactured, single bushings of the face or hex type will be permitted.

Where used, face bushings must be installed with the outer face flush with the face of the fitting opening being reduced. Bushings cannot be used in elbow fittings, in more than one outlet of a tee, in more than two outlets of a cross, or where the reduction in size is less than 1/2-inch.

3.4.8 Pipe Penetrations

a. Cutting structural members for passage of pipes or for pipe-hanger fastenings will not be permitted. Pipes that must penetrate concrete or masonry walls or concrete floors must be core-drilled and provided with pipe sleeves. Each sleeve must be Schedule 40 galvanized steel, ductile-iron or cast-iron pipe and extend through its respective wall or floor and be cut flush with each wall surface. Sleeves must provide required clearance between the pipe and the sleeve per NFPA 13 .

The space between the sleeve and the pipe must be firmly packed with mineral wool insulation.

b. Where pipes and sleeves penetrate fire walls, fire partitions, or floors, pipes/sleeves must be firestopped by the approved firestop installer per approved designs and firestop shop drawings, in accordance with Section 07 84 00 FIRESTOPPING.

c. In penetrations that are not fire-rated or not a floor penetration, the space between the sleeve and the pipe must be sealed at both ends with plastic waterproof cement that will dry to a firm but pliable mass or with a mechanically adjustable segmented elastomer seal. d.

All penetrations through the boundary of rooms/areas identified as secure space area must meet ICS 705-1 .

3.4.9 Escutcheons

Escutcheons must be provided for pipe penetration in finished areas of ceilings, floors and walls. Escutcheons must be securely fastened to the pipe at surfaces through which piping passes.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 17

3.4.10 Inspector's Test Connection

Unless otherwise indicated, the test connection must consist of 1-inch pipe connected at a remote location as a combination test and drain valve;

a fully accessible test valve located approximately 7 feet above the floor; a smooth bore brass outlet equivalent to the smallest orifice sprinkler used in the system; and a painted metal identification sign affixed to the valve with the words "Inspector's Test". All test connection piping must be inside of the building and penetrate the exterior wall at the location of the discharge orifice only. The discharge orifice must be located outside the building wall no more than 2 feet above finished grade, directed so as not to cause damage to adjacent construction or landscaping during full flow discharge, or to the sanitary sewer. Discharge to the exterior must not interfere with exiting from the facility. Water discharge or runoff must not cross the path of egress from the building. Do not discharge to the roof. Discharge to floor drains, janitor sinks or similar fixtures is not permitted.

Provide concrete splash blocks at all drain and inspector's test connection discharge locations if not discharging to a concrete surface.

Splash blocks must be large enough to mitigate erosion and not become dislodged during a full flow of the drain. Ensure all discharged water drains away from the facility and does not cause property damage.

3.4.11 Backflow Preventer

Locate within the building or in a heated enclosure in locations subject to freezing. For heated enclosures, provide a low temperature supervisory alarm connected to the facility fire alarm system. Heat trace is not permitted to be used.

Install backflow preventers so that the bottom of the assembly is a minimum of 6 inches above the finished floor/grade. Install horizontal backflow preventers so that the bottom of the assembly is no greater than 24 inches above the finished floor/grade. Install vertical backflow preventers so that the upper operating handwheel is no more than 6 feet above the finished floor/grade. Clearance around control valve handles must be minimum 6inches above grade/finished floor and away from walls.

3.4.11.1 Test Connection

Provide downstream of the backflow prevention assembly UL 668 hose valves with 2.5-inch National Standard male hose threads with cap and chain.

Provide one valve for each 250 gpm of system demand or fraction thereof.

Provide a permanent sign in accordance with paragraph entitled "Identification Signs" which reads, "Test Valve". Indicate location of test header. If an exterior connection, provide a control valve inside a heated mechanical room to prevent freezing.

3.4.12 Drains

a. Main drain piping must be provided to discharge at a safe point outside the building, no more than 2 feet above finished grade.

Provide a concrete splash block at drain outlet. Discharge to the exterior must not interfere with exiting from the facility. Water discharge or runoff must not cross the path of egress from the building.

SECTION 21 13 13 Page 18

b. Auxiliary drains must be provided as required by NFPA 13 and must be fully accessible. Maximum height of auxiliary drain valves is 7 feet AFF. Auxiliary drains are permitted to discharge to a floor drain if the drain is sized to accommodate full flow or 40 gpm, whichever is greater. Discharge to service sinks or similar plumbing fixtures is not permitted.

3.4.13 Installation of Fire Department Connection

Connection must be remote approximately 3 feet above finished grade connected to the sprinkler system side of the backflow preventer. The piping between the connection and the FDC check valve must be provided with an automatic drip in accordance with NFPA 13 .

3.4.14 Identification Signs

Signs must be affixed to each control valve, inspector test valve, main drain, auxiliary drain, test valve, and similar valves as appropriate or as required by NFPA 13 . Main drain test results must be etched into main drain identification sign. Hydraulic design data must be etched into the nameplates and permanently affixed to each sprinkler riser as specified in NFPA 13 . Provide labeling on the surfaces of all feed and cross mains to show the pipe function (e.g., "Sprinkler System", "Fire Department Connection", "Standpipe") and normal valve position (e.g. "Normally Open", "Normally Closed").