31 23 23 - Fill.pdf

31 23 23 – FILL

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 1 000483.0450

SECTION 31 23 23 – FILL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Backfilling building perimeter to subgrade elevations.

2. Backfilling site structures to subgrade elevations.

3. Fill under slabs-on-grade.

4. Fill under paving.

5. Fill for over-excavation.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 31 05 13 – Soils for Earthwork: Soils for fill.

2. Section 31 05 16 – Aggregates for Earthwork: Aggregates for fill.

3. Section 31 22 13 – Rough Grading: Site filling.

4. Section 31 23 16 – Excavation:

5. Section 31 23 16.13 – Trenching: Backfilling of utility trenches.

6. Section 31 23 23.33 – Flowable Fill: Backfilling of utility trench beneath building foundation.

1.2 REFERENCES

A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils

Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.

B. ASTM International:

1. ASTM D698 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of

Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3).

2. ASTM D1556 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method.

3. ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3).

4. [ASTM D2167 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method].

5. ASTM D2922 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in

Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

6. ASTM D3017 - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 33 00 – Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Product Data: Submit data for geotextile fabric indicating fabric and construction.

C. Materials Source: Submit name of imported fill materials suppliers.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 2 000483.0450

D. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform Work in accordance with [[State] [Municipality] of <________> [Highways] [Public Work's] standard.]

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FILL MATERIALS

A. Structural Fill: Type PennDOT 2A as specified in Section 31 05 16.

B. Granular Fill: Type AASHTO No. 8 as specified in Section 31 05 16.

C. Flowable Fill: As specified in Section 31 23 23.33

D. Subsoil Fill: Type Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material as specified in Section 31 05 13.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Section 01 31 13 – Project Coordination: Coordination and project conditions.

B. Verify subdrainage, dampproofing, or waterproofing installation has been inspected.

C. Verify underground tanks are anchored to their own foundations to avoid flotation after backfilling.

D. Verify structural ability of unsupported walls to support loads imposed by fill.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Backfill wet well excavation and utility trench beneath building foundation with flowable fill to building subgrade elevation.

B. Compact building subgrade with a steel drum vibratory roller, having a minimum static weight of 10 tons. Complete 5 overlapping passes (minimum) of the roller across the entire building pad.

C. Compact subgrade to density requirements for subsequent backfill materials.

D. Cut out soft areas of subgrade not capable of compaction in place. Backfill with structural fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill material.

E. Proof roll to identify soft spots; fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill material.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 3 000483.0450

3.3 BACKFILLING

A. Backfill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials.

B. Systematically backfill to allow maximum time for natural settlement. Do not backfill over porous, wet, frozen or spongy subgrade surfaces.

C. Place material in continuous layers as follows:

1. Subsoil Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

2. Structural Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

3. Granular Fill: Maximum 8 inches compacted depth.

D. Employ placement method that does not disturb or damage other work.

E. Maintain optimum moisture content of backfill materials to attain required compaction density.

F. Backfill simultaneously on each side of unsupported foundation walls until supports are in place.

G. Slope grade away from building minimum 2 percent slope for minimum distance of 10 ft, unless noted otherwise.

H. Make gradual grade changes. Blend slope into level areas.

I. Remove surplus backfill materials from site.

J. Leave fill material stockpile areas free of excess fill materials.

3.4 TOLERANCES

A. Section 01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Tolerances.

B. Top Surface of Backfilling Within Building Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

C. Top Surface of Backfilling Under Paved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

D. Top Surface of General Backfilling: Plus or minus 1 inch from required elevations.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 – Quality Requirements: Field inspecting, testing, adjusting, and balancing.

B. Perform laboratory material tests in accordance with ASTM D1557, ASTM D698, or

AASHTO T180.

C. Perform in place compaction tests in accordance with the following:

1. Density Tests: ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, or ASTM D2922.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 4 000483.0450

2. Moisture Tests: ASTM D3017.

D. When tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace and retest.

3.6 PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORK

A. Section 01 73 00 – Execution Requirements: Protecting finished work.

B. Reshape and re-compact fills subjected to vehicular traffic.

3.7 SCHEDULE

A. Interior Slab-On-Grade:

1. Fill Type: PennDOT 2A aggregate to building subgrade elevation, compacted to

100 percent of maximum density.

2. Cover with Fill Type: AASHTO No. 57 aggregate, 8 inches, well compacted.

B. Exterior Side of Foundation Walls (under grass area):

1. Fill Type: Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material, to subgrade elevation, compact uniformly to 90 percent of maximum density.

C. Exterior Side of Foundation Walls (under asphalt pavement area):

1. Fill Type: PennDOT 2A aggregate, to subgrade elevation, compact uniformly to

100 percent of maximum density.

D. Trench Fill Under Building:

1. Fill Type: Flowable fill, to building subgrade elevation.

E. Wet Well Structure:

1. Initial fill of Fill Type: Flowable fill, to building subgrade elevation.

2. Remaining fill of Fill Type: PennDOT 2A Aggregate to subgrade elevation, compact uniformly to 100 percent of maximum density.

F. Manholes:

1. Fill Type: PennDOT 2A Aggregate to subgrade elevation, compact uniformly to

100 percent of maximum density.

G. Fill Under Grass Areas:

1. Fill Type: Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material, to 6 inches below finish grade, compact uniformly to 90 percent of maximum density.

H. Fill For Berming:

1. Fill Type: Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material, to 6 inches below finish grade, compact uniformly to 90 percent of maximum density.

I. Fill Under Asphalt Paving:

1. Compact subsoil to 95 percent of its maximum dry density.

2. Fill Type Suitable Backfill and Embankment Material to 12 inches below finish paving elevation, compact uniformly to 95 percent of maximum density.

Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. 31 23 23 - 5 000483.0450

J. Fill to Correct Over-excavation:

1. Flowable fill as specified.

END OF SECTION 31 23 23