31 23 23.33 – FLOWABLE FILL

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SECTION 31 23 23.33 – FLOWABLE FILL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Flowable fill for:

a. Structure backfill.

b. Utility bedding.

c. Utility backfill.

d. Filling abandoned utilities.

B. Related Requirements:

1. Section 31 23 33 – Trenching and Backfilling for Utilities

2. Section 32 91 19 – Landscape Grading

3. Section 33 14 13 – Public Water Utility Distribution Piping

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Utility: Any buried pipe, duct, conduit, manhole, tank, or cable.

B. Excavatable Flowable Fill: Lean cement concrete fill used where future excavation may be required, such as fill for utility trenches, bridge abutments, and culverts.

C. Non-excavatable Flowable Fill: Lean cement concrete fill used where future excavation is not anticipated, such as fill below structure foundations and filling abandoned utilities.

1.3 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. ASTM International:

1. ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.

2. ASTM C94/C94M - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.

3. ASTM C150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

4. ASTM C260 - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.

5. ASTM C403/C403M - Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance.

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6. ASTM C494/C494M - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.

7. ASTM C618 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete.

8. ASTM C1017/C1017M - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete.

9. ASTM C1040 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Unhardened and Hardened Concrete in Place By Nuclear Methods.

10. ASTM D4832 - Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders.

B. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

1. Publication 408 - Specifications

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Section 01 33 00 – Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Field Quality-Control Submittals:

1. Mix Design:

a. Furnish flowable fill mix design for each specified strength.

b. Furnish separate mix designs when admixtures are required for the following:

1) Flowable fill Work during hot and cold weather.

2) Air entrained flowable fill Work.

c. Identify design mix ingredients, proportions, properties, admixtures, and tests.

2. Furnish test results to certify flowable fill mix design properties meet or exceed specified requirements.

C. Delivery Tickets:

1. Furnish duplicate delivery tickets indicating actual materials delivered to Project Site.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform Work according to State of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation standards.

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1.6 QUALIFICATIONS

A. Supplier:

1. Company specializing in supplying products specified in this Section with minimum three years of documented experience.

2. Product source approved by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Section 01 50 00 – Temporary Facilities and Controls specifies ambient condition control facilities for product storage and installation.

B. Minimum Conditions: Do not install flowable fill during inclement weather or when ambient temperature is less than 40 degrees F.

1.8 FIELD MEASUREMENTS

A. Verify field measurements before installing flowable fill to establish quantities required to complete the Work.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FLOWABLE FILL

A. Furnish materials according to State of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation standards.

B. Flowable Fill: Flowable Backfill, Type A or B, in accordance with PennDOT Section 220 – Flowable Backfill.

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150 Type I - Normal; Type II – Moderate.

B. Fine Aggregates: ASTM C33

C. Water: Clean and not detrimental to concrete.

2.3 ADMIXTURES

A. Air Entrainment: ASTM C260.

B. Chemical Admixture: ASTM C494/C494M.

C. Fly Ash: ASTM C618 Class C or F obtained from residue of electric generating plant using ground or powdered coal.

D. Plasticizing: ASTM C1017/C1017M Type I, plasticizing. Type II, plasticizing and retarding.

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2.4 MIXES

A. Mix and deliver flowable fill according to ASTM C94/C94M, Option C.

B. Flowable Fill Design Mix:

1. PennDOT Type A or B

C. Provide water content in design mix to produce self-leveling, flowable fill material at time of placement.

D. Design mix air entrainment and unit mass are for laboratory design mix and source quality control only.

2.5 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 – Quality Requirements: Testing, inspection and analysis requirements.

B. Prepare delivery tickets containing the following information:

1. Project designation.

2. Date.

3. Time.

4. Class and quantity of flowable fill.

5. Actual batch proportions.

6. Free moisture content of aggregate.

7. Quantity of water withheld.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Section 01 73 00 – Execution Requirements: Verification of existing conditions before starting Work.

B. Verify excavation specified in Section 31 23 33 – Trenching and Backfilling for Utilities is complete.

C. Verify utility installation is complete and tested before placing flowable fill.

D. Verify excavation is dry and dewatering system is operating.

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3.2 PREPARATION

A. Section 01 73 00 – Execution Requirements: Requirements for installation preparation.

B. Support and restrain utilities to prevent movement and flotation during installation of flowable fill.

C. Protect structures and utilities from damage caused by hydraulic pressure of flowable fill before fill hardens.

D. Protect utilities to prevent intrusion of flowable fill.

3.3 INSTALLATION - FILL, BEDDING, AND BACKFILL

A. Place flowable fill by chute, pumping or other methods approved by Engineer.

1. When required, place flowable fill under water using tremie procedure.

2. Do not place flowable fill through flowing water.

B. Place flowable fill in lifts to prevent lateral pressures from exceeding structural capacity of structures and utilities.

C. Place flowable fill evenly on both sides of utilities to maintain alignment.

D. Place flowable fill to elevations indicated on Drawings without vibration or other means of compaction.

3.4 INSTALLATION - FILLING ABANDONED UTILITIES

A. Verify pipes and conduits are not clogged and are sufficiently empty to permit gravity installation of flowable fill for entire length indicated to be filled.

B. Seal lower end of pipes and conduits by method to contain flowable fill and to vent trapped air caused by filling operations.

C. Place flowable fill using method to ensure there are no voids.

1. Fill pipes and conduits from high end.

2. Fill manholes, tanks, and other structures from grade level access points.

D. After filling pipes and conduits seal both ends.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Section 01 40 00 – Quality Requirements: Requirements for inspecting and testing.

B. Perform testing according to ASTM C94/C94M.

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1. Take samples for tests for every 150 cu yd of flowable fill, or fraction thereof, installed each day.

2. Sample, prepare and test four compressive strength test cylinders according to ASTM D4832. Test one specimen at 3 days, one at 7 days, and two at 28 days.

C. Defective Flowable Fill: Fill failing to meet the following test requirements or fill delivered without the following documentation.

1. Test Requirements:

a. Minimum temperature at point of delivery.

b. Compressive strength requirements for each type of fill.

2. Documentation: Duplicate delivery tickets.

3.6 CLEANING

A. Section 01 73 00 – Execution Requirements: Requirements for cleaning.

B. Remove spilled and excess flowable fill from Project Site.

C. Restore facilities and Site areas damaged or contaminated by flowable fill installation to existing condition before installation.

END OF SECTION 31 23 23.33