Top 100 National Science Foundation Contractors, FY2021

Full ranking

Rank	Contractor	Net obligations	Share	Trend
1	Leidos Holdings, Inc. Through Leidos, Inc. Top NAICS codes 561210 Facilities Support Services	$176,652,046	34.2%	Rank history: #1 in FY2022, #1 in FY2023, #1 in FY2024 and #1 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2020.
2	Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation Through Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$53,055,313	10.3%	Rank history: #2 in FY2022, #2 in FY2023, #2 in FY2024 and #2 in FY2025; up 1 since FY2020.
3	Battelle Memorial Institute Top NAICS codes 561210 Facilities Support Services	$33,765,848	6.5%	Rank history: #3 in FY2022, #3 in FY2023, #3 in FY2024 and #3 in FY2025; up 3 since FY2020.
4	Leidos, Inc. Top NAICS codes 561210 Facilities Support Services	$24,012,277	4.6%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 2 since FY2020.
5	NTT Data Services Federal Government, LLC Top NAICS codes 518210 Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services	$10,289,590	2.0%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2023 lists, #64 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; new, not ranked in FY2020.
6	Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$9,805,301	1.9%	Rank history: #5 in FY2022, #5 in FY2023, #8 in FY2024 and #5 in FY2025; up 1 since FY2020.
7	Accenture Federal Services LLC Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$7,999,790	1.5%	Rank history: #8 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 2 since FY2020.
8	Air Center Helicopters, Inc. Top NAICS codes 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation	$7,877,978	1.5%	Rank history: #14 in FY2022, #12 in FY2023, #68 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 1 since FY2020.
9	Westat, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 541219 Other Accounting Services	$7,370,668	1.4%	Rank history: #12 in FY2022, #55 in FY2023, not on the FY2024 list and #15 in FY2025; up 14 since FY2020.
10	Research Triangle Institute Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$5,573,210	1.1%	Rank history: #7 in FY2022, #6 in FY2023, #5 in FY2024 and #17 in FY2025; up 2 since FY2020.
11	By Light Professional It Services LLC Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$5,461,644	1.1%	Rank history: #4 in FY2022, #4 in FY2023, #4 in FY2024 and #6 in FY2025; down 7 since FY2020.
12	Institute for Defense Analyses Top NAICS codes 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services	$5,373,383	1.0%	Rank history: #11 in FY2022, #8 in FY2023, #13 in FY2024 and #18 in FY2025; up 2 since FY2020.
13	Civicactions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$4,975,279	1.0%	Rank history: #26 in FY2022, #14 in FY2023, #18 in FY2024 and #9 in FY2025; up 12 since FY2020.
14	Agility Technologies Inc. Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$4,836,276	0.9%	Rank history: #21 in FY2022, #27 in FY2023, #42 in FY2024 and #65 in FY2025; up 43 since FY2020.
15	Federal Management Partners, LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 611430 Professional and Management Development Training	$4,758,828	0.9%	Rank history: #13 in FY2022, #7 in FY2023, #10 in FY2024 and #24 in FY2025; up 33 since FY2020.
16	ICF International, Inc. 2 awardees, including ICF Macro Inc. and ICF Incorporated, L.L.C. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 541330 Engineering Services	$4,357,727	0.8%	Rank history: #9 in FY2022, #13 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 35 since FY2020.
17	Criterion Systems, L.L.C. Top NAICS codes 541513 Computer Facilities Management Services	$4,219,121	0.8%	Rank history: #18 in FY2022, #19 in FY2023, #23 in FY2024 and #19 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2020.
18	Mathematica Inc 2 awardees Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$4,129,596	0.8%	Rank history: #25 in FY2022, #30 in FY2023, #15 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 19 since FY2020.
19	Perspecta Inc. Through Peraton Services & Solutions Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$3,908,503	0.8%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 3 since FY2020.
20	Kenn Borek Air Ltd Top NAICS codes 481219 Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation	$3,781,740	0.7%	Rank history: #15 in FY2022, #15 in FY2023, #24 in FY2024 and #12 in FY2025; down 2 since FY2020.
21	Sri International Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$3,746,639	0.7%	Rank history: #58 in FY2022, #78 in FY2023, #41 in FY2024 and #26 in FY2025; up 56 since FY2020.
22	Windsor Group LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$3,675,829	0.7%	Rank history: #17 in FY2022, #44 in FY2023, #40 in FY2024 and #91 in FY2025; up 6 since FY2020.
23	Anika Systems Incorporated Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services	$3,490,718	0.7%	Rank history: #22 in FY2022, #28 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 45 since FY2020.
24	Regents of the University of Michigan Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals	$3,379,457	0.7%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2023 lists, #95 in FY2024 and #96 in FY2025; up 99 since FY2020.
25	Strategix Management LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$3,373,481	0.7%	Rank history: #20 in FY2022, #22 in FY2023, #29 in FY2024 and #37 in FY2025; up 16 since FY2020.
26	Lynker Corporation Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services	$3,185,025	0.6%	Rank history: #36 in FY2022, #39 in FY2023, #19 in FY2024 and #38 in FY2025; down 11 since FY2020.
27	Creative Business Solutions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$3,148,542	0.6%	Rank history: #16 in FY2022, #17 in FY2023, #21 in FY2024 and #31 in FY2025; down 5 since FY2020.
28	Avantgarde LLC Top NAICS codes 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services	$3,025,934	0.6%	Rank history: #77 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 7 since FY2020.
29	Mantech International Corporation Through Mantech Mgs, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$2,999,135	0.6%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 8 since FY2020.
30	Riva Solutions Inc. Top NAICS codes 561499 All Other Business Support Services 561210 Facilities Support Services 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$2,983,430	0.6%	Rank history: #10 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 19 since FY2020.
31	Ntouch-Bct Strategies LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$2,982,849	0.6%	Rank history: #75 in FY2022, #96 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 94 since FY2020.
32	Kpmg L.L.P. 2 awardees Top NAICS codes 541211 Offices of Certified Public Accountants	$2,726,425	0.5%	Rank history: #29 in FY2022, #64 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 1 since FY2020.
33	CMA Technology Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$2,556,147	0.5%	Rank history: #38 in FY2022, #20 in FY2023, not on the FY2024 list and #59 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
34	Professional Management Consulting Services LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$2,417,007	0.5%	Rank history: #34 in FY2022, #33 in FY2023, #25 in FY2024 and #100 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
35	Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Through NTT Data Services Federal Government, LLC Top NAICS codes 518210 Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services	$2,341,084	0.5%	Rank history: #6 in FY2022, #26 in FY2023, #90 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 27 since FY2020.
36	EDJ Associates, Inc. Top NAICS codes 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers	$2,244,846	0.4%	Rank history: #32 in FY2022, #38 in FY2023, #30 in FY2024 and #54 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
37	Usgbf NSF LLC Top NAICS codes 561990 All Other Support Services 531190 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property	$2,067,867	0.4%	Rank history: #48 in FY2022, #60 in FY2023, #60 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 3 since FY2020.
38	Dawnbreaker Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,976,176	0.4%	Rank history: #45 in FY2022, #69 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 7 since FY2020.
39	Govsmart, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$1,905,094	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2024 lists and #86 in FY2025; up 40 since FY2020.
40	Thundercat Technology, LLC Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$1,842,703	0.4%	Rank history: #24 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 16 since FY2020.
41	Four LLC Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$1,767,252	0.3%	Rank history: #84 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 9 since FY2020.
42	Atlas Research LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,754,403	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 2 since FY2020.
43	EFK Group, Llc. Top NAICS codes 541613 Marketing Consulting Services	$1,599,110	0.3%	Rank history: #35 in FY2022, #46 in FY2023, #47 in FY2024 and #74 in FY2025; down 13 since FY2020.
44	Prosource360 Consulting Services Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,532,068	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #57 in FY2023, #79 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 1 since FY2020.
45	Dakota Consulting Incorporated Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$1,531,923	0.3%	Rank history: #98 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 18 since FY2020.
46	QED Enterprises Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,518,500	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #49 in FY2023, #59 in FY2024 and #41 in FY2025; down 20 since FY2020.
47	VMD Systems Integrators, LLC Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$1,473,915	0.3%	Rank history: #28 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 17 since FY2020.
48	Trewon Technologies LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,406,620	0.3%	Rank history: #83 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 10 since FY2020.
49	The Building People LLC Top NAICS codes 561210 Facilities Support Services	$1,245,309	0.2%	Rank history: #41 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
50	PC Connection Inc. Through Govconnection Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$1,215,346	0.2%	Rank history: #44 in FY2022, #74 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 3 since FY2020.
51	Fedwriters, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,213,462	0.2%	Rank history: #59 in FY2022, #56 in FY2023, #48 in FY2024 and #36 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
52	Dominion Resources Inc. Through Virginia Electric and Power Company Top NAICS codes 221122 Electric Power Distribution	$1,200,000	0.2%	Rank history: #67 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list, #81 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 2 since FY2020.
53	HP Enterprise Services LLC Through Peraton Services & Solutions Inc. Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,113,572	0.2%	Rank history: #23 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
54	Sikich CPA LLC Top NAICS codes 541211 Offices of Certified Public Accountants	$1,060,389	0.2%	Rank history: #64 in FY2022, #93 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 5 since FY2020.
55	Raye It Consulting LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$1,049,200	0.2%	Rank history: #72 in FY2022, #85 in FY2023, #75 in FY2024 and #67 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
56	Digital Science & Research Solutions Inc. Top NAICS codes 511210 Software Publishers	$1,012,544	0.2%	Rank history: #60 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 56 since FY2020.
57	Kearney & Company, P.C. Top NAICS codes 541219 Other Accounting Services	$925,839	0.2%	Rank history: #79 in FY2022, #91 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 29 since FY2020.
58	Bahfed Corp Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$925,422	0.2%	Rank history: #51 in FY2022, #82 in FY2023, not on the FY2024 list and #99 in FY2025; up 113 since FY2020.
59	Prime Response, Inc. Top NAICS codes 561210 Facilities Support Services 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$920,652	0.2%	Rank history: #53 in FY2022, #87 in FY2023, #72 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 79 since FY2020.
60	Carahsoft Technology Corp Top NAICS codes 511210 Software Publishers 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$915,911	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2024 lists and #10 in FY2025; down 24 since FY2020.
61	Ebsco Industries Inc. Top NAICS codes 511130 Book Publishers	$902,276	0.2%	Rank history: #71 in FY2022, #65 in FY2023, #57 in FY2024 and #83 in FY2025; up 92 since FY2020.
62	Viderity Inc. Top NAICS codes 541890 Other Services Related to Advertising 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$901,691	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #21 in FY2023, #32 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 7 since FY2020.
63	BLH Technologies Inc. Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services	$900,706	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2024 lists and #95 in FY2025; up 64 since FY2020.
64	CTW Solutions LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$894,195	0.2%	Rank history: #39 in FY2022, #59 in FY2023, #50 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; new, not ranked in FY2020.
65	Sterling Computers Corporation Top NAICS codes 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$883,435	0.2%	Rank history: #50 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 83 since FY2020.
66	Electrosoft Services, LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$883,073	0.2%	Rank history: #70 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 8 since FY2020.
67	Aptive Resources LLC Top NAICS codes 541613 Marketing Consulting Services	$853,402	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
68	Goldbelt, Incorporated Through Goldbelt Hawk L.L.C. Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$850,944	0.2%	Rank history: #78 in FY2022, #97 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 3 since FY2020.
69	Counterpointe Solutions Inc. Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$835,889	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 7 since FY2020.
70	The Coleridge Initiative Inc. Top NAICS codes 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services	$820,775	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 28 since FY2020.
71	Lintech Global Inc. Top NAICS codes 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$784,550	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 10 since FY2020.
72	Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. 3 awardees, including Amentum Technology, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541330 Engineering Services	$774,841	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #68 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 53 since FY2020.
73	Red Carrot Inc. Top NAICS codes 541613 Marketing Consulting Services	$768,003	0.1%	Rank history: #68 in FY2022, #72 in FY2023, #51 in FY2024 and #63 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
74	Enquizit LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 541512 Computer Systems Design Services	$751,802	0.1%	Rank history: #82 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
75	University of Washington Top NAICS codes 541715 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology)	$750,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
76	Blue Latitudes, LLC Top NAICS codes 541715 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology)	$750,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
77	Meedan, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541715 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology)	$749,974	0.1%	Rank history: #33 in FY2022, #41 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
78	Hacks / Hackers Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities	$748,829	0.1%	Rank history: #27 in FY2022, #52 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
79	Epic Systems Inc. Top NAICS codes 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services	$734,660	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 10 since FY2020.
80	Guidehouse Inc. Top NAICS codes 541219 Other Accounting Services	$716,500	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #90 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 34 since FY2020.
81	Unistar-Sparco Computers, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services 511210 Software Publishers	$688,333	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; up 20 since FY2020.
82	Fcn, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$679,368	0.1%	Rank history: #93 in FY2022 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 15 since FY2020.
83	Kardia Group LLC Top NAICS codes 611430 Professional and Management Development Training	$656,511	0.1%	Rank history: #65 in FY2022, #73 in FY2023, #77 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; new, not ranked in FY2020.
84	Aeio LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$634,609	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 55 since FY2020.
85	Blake Willson Group LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$623,573	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #86 in FY2023, #33 in FY2024 and #30 in FY2025; down 14 since FY2020.
86	Rightdirection Technology Solutions, LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$591,318	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #88 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 14 since FY2020.
87	New TECH Solutions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$590,653	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; up 20 since FY2020.
88	Betah Associates, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541810 Advertising Agencies	$589,096	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 14 since FY2020.
89	Lumen Technologies, Inc. Through Lumen Technologies Government Solutions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers	$586,601	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022 list, #54 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
90	Ventana Productions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 512110 Motion Picture and Video Production	$575,077	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2023 lists, #99 in FY2024 and #81 in FY2025; new, not ranked in FY2020.
91	Inalab Consulting, Inc. Top NAICS codes 517911 Telecommunications Resellers	$549,214	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 11 since FY2020.
92	National Opinion Research Center Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$548,904	0.1%	Rank history: #37 in FY2022, #10 in FY2023, #11 in FY2024 and #20 in FY2025; down 43 since FY2020.
93	Nexight Group LLC Top NAICS codes 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services	$533,576	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; down 12 since FY2020.
94	George Washington University (The) Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities	$500,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
95	The Chenega Corporation Through Chenega Reliable Services LLC Top NAICS codes 621111 Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists)	$500,000	0.1%	Rank history: #90 in FY2022, #75 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
96	Rutgers, the State University Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities	$498,633	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
97	The Trustees of Columbia University In the City of New York Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities	$496,620	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.
98	Tyler Federal, LLC Top NAICS codes 511210 Software Publishers	$494,508	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; up 118 since FY2020.
99	Enterprise Technology Solutions, Inc. Top NAICS codes 541519 Other Computer Related Services	$491,391	0.1%	Rank history: #76 in FY2022, #83 in FY2023, #94 in FY2024 and #97 in FY2025; down 3 since FY2020.
100	The Pennsylvania State University Top NAICS codes 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities	$484,525	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2022–FY2025 lists; new, not ranked in FY2020.

How this ranking works

• Source: every contract action FPDS records (as published on SAM.gov) in the period, as GovTribe received it.
• Amounts are net obligations: what was obligated, less what was deobligated. Shares are of $517 million obligated before deobligations, so they never pass 100%.
• Parent companies: each action counts under the ultimate parent its award record names, or under the awardee when it names none, so no dollar counts twice. Parents of the same name (Inc., LLC and the like aside) count as one company, since FPDS records a company's parent under more than one UEI over time. GovTribe corrects a few parents and names by hand; see the corrections.
• Fiscal year 2021 ran Oct 1, 2020 – Sep 30, 2021. The Department of Defense reports its contract actions to FPDS about 90 days late, so a fiscal year is ranked once they're in, in February, and the list doesn't change after.
• Rank changes compare with FY2020. "New" marks a company outside that period's top 500, and "Returned" one of those that was on an earlier fiscal year's list.
• Rank lines show each company's rank on every fiscal year's list since FY2021, #1 at the top, on a scale that gives the top of the list more room. A dashed stretch spans years it wasn't on the list. The step from FY2020 takes the color of the rank change beside it.
• Placeholder recipients FPDS uses when it names no company ("Miscellaneous Foreign Contractors" and the like) aren't ranked.

Quick answers