B.08 GFI SWMU 55 (FT003) DF MW Install WP DRAFT-FINAL for GFI (3).pdf

DRAFT FINAL

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION WORK PLAN

AMENDMENT TO THE

LTM AND SUPPLEMENTAL INVESTIGATION

UNIFORM FEDERAL POLICY

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

SWMU 55 (FT003) - FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING AREA NO. 3

JOINT BASE CHARLESTON-AIR

NORTH CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

FACILITY ID SC3570024460

Performance Based Remediation Contract Number: FA8903-13-C-0006

Prepared for

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER

2261 Hughes Ave., Suite 163

Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Texas 78236-9853

March 2023

Prepared by:

FPM Remediations, Inc.

An Olgoonik Company

181 Kenwood Avenue Oneida, NY 13421

Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation Work Plan SWMU 55 (FT003) - Fire Protection Training Area No. 3 Joint Base Charleston - Air

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FPM Remediations, Inc. iii Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation Work Plan – Amendment to the LTM and Supplemental Investigation UFP-QAPP SWMU 55 (FT003) – Fire Protection Training Area No. 3

I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.

Site:

SWMU 55 (FT003) –

Fire Protection Training Area No.

Joint Base Charleston-Air North Charleston, South Carolina

Submitted to:

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

Prepared for:

Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) 2261 Hughes Ave., Suite 163 Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Texas 78236-9853

Prepared by:

FPM Remediations, Inc.

181 Kenwood Avenue Oneida, New York 13421

Author:

Margaret Milman-Barris FPM Remediations, Inc.

Title: Site Lead

Date:

Reviewer:

Lisa Coffey FPM Remediations, Inc.

Title: Project Manager

Date:

Reviewer:

Gaby Atik, PE FPM Remediations, Inc.

Title: Program Manager

Date:

Reviewer:

Laura Powers

Title: JBCA Remedial Project Manager

Date:

3/8/2023

3/8/2023

3/8/2023

FPM Remediations, Inc. iv

Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

FPM Remediations, Inc. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS

SECTION PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1-1

2.0 PLANNED WELL INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES ..................................... 2-1

3.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 3-1

4.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 4-1

FIGURES

Figure 1 Planned Monitoring Well Locations

APPENDICES

Appendix A Well Permit Application

Appendix B Field Standard Operating Practices (SOPs)

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

LIST OF ACRONYMS

Aerostar Aerostar SES LLC

AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center

Air Force United States Department of the Air Force bgs below ground surface

CAO corrective action objective cis-1,2-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene

DOT United States Department of Transportation

FPM FPM Remediations, Inc.

ID identification

IDW investigation-derived waste

JBCA Joint Base Charleston-Air

LTM long-term monitoring

No. number

PCE tetrachloroethene

PE Professional Engineer

PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance

PID photoionization detector

PPE personal protective equipment

PVC polyvinyl chloride

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

SCHDEC South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

SOP Standard Operating Practices

SVOC semi-volatile organic compound

SWMU Solid Waste Management Unit

TCE trichloroethene

TCLP toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

UFP-QAPP Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan

U.S. United States

URS URS Group, Inc.

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VOC volatile organic compound

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

FPM Remediations, Inc. (FPM), in association with URS Group, Inc. (URS) under a Performance-Based Remediation contract with the United States (U.S.) Department of the Air Force (Air Force) Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC), is conducting environmental remediation activities at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 55 (Site FT003), Fire Protection Training Area Number (No.) 3 (the “site”), located at Joint Base Charleston-Air (JBCA), South Carolina.

The site is being regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as amended. Regulation is pursuant to RCRA Part B Permit SC3 570 024 460, dated July 31, 2019, issued by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC).

SCDHEC has been delegated authority by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for RCRA Corrective Actions.

The site was used from 1971 to 1983 for fire training exercises, which resulted in soil and groundwater contamination by benzene, trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), and cis- 1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE). Chemical contamination at the site has been investigated extensively, beginning in 1990. Several remedial actions have been conducted at the site, which led to decreases in groundwater contaminant concentrations. However, after the remedial actions, groundwater contaminant concentrations at the southern (hydraulically downgradient) edge of the site rebounded to levels above corrective action objectives (CAOs). A Supplemental Groundwater Investigation conducted in March 2022 (Transect A), April 2022 (Transect B-2), and June 2022 (Transect C-2) identified dissolved benzene, TCE, PCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride in groundwater in upgradient areas where these contaminants had previously been thought no longer to be present (FPM, 2022) (Figure 1). . Additionally, a Site Inspection and Phase I Remedial Investigation conducted from 2017 through 2022 identified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) compounds in soil and groundwater near the former fire pit (Aerostar SES LLC [Aerostar], 2018, 2021). The presence of PFAS compounds is being investigated separately in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.

The installation of monitoring wells following completion of the direct push sampling program was discussed with SCDHEC during the planning stages of the Supplemental Groundwater Investigation. The SCDHEC-approved Supplemental Groundwater Investigation Work Plan (FPM, 2021) states that following completion of the direct push sampling program, several permanent wells will be installed to provide continuing monitoring points. The new wells will provide additional data about contaminant concentrations and geochemical conditions in groundwater, which will be available as input for planning any future corrective action activities.

This Draft Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation Work Plan describes planned activities for installation of additional groundwater monitoring wells at the site. This Work Plan serves as an amendment to the Revised Draft/Final SWMU 55 (FT003) – Fire Protection Training Area No. 3 Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) and Supplemental Investigation Uniform Federal Policy Quality

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP), Joint Base Charleston-Air (FPM, 2015), which was approved by the SCDHEC Division of Waste Management in a letter dated March 10, 2015.

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

2.0 PLANNED WELL INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES

FPM will install two permanent groundwater monitoring wells at the locations shown in Figure 1 to monitor the high-concentration areas found during the Supplemental Groundwater Investigation. The well locations were selected to correspond with the highest concentrations detected during the 2022 Supplemental Groundwater Investigation. The depth to water is expected to be approximately 5 to 7 feet below ground surface (bgs). The wells will be screened within the sand unit.

Procedures for groundwater monitoring well installation will follow those described in the approved LTM and Supplemental Investigation UFP-QAPP (FPM, 2015). A well permit application is provided in Appendix A, containing the SCDHEC well application form and a well construction diagram. The applicable field Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) from the UFP-QAPP are provided in Appendix B. The field SOPs are provided for the convenience of the field staff using this work plan and are unchanged from the UFP-QAPP.

The wells will be installed using a hollow-stem auger drilling rig. The monitoring wells will be constructed with a two-inch inner diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Schedule 40 casing and a 0.010-inch slotted 10-foot PVC screen Each well will be completed as a stick-up surface completion with a concrete pad and protective bollards. The wells will be developed and surveyed after installation.

The well identifications (IDs) and screened interval depths will be as follows:

55MW-26, located near Transect A location 55T91, screened from 4 to 14 feet bgs

55MW-27, located near Transect B-2 location 55T105 in the former fire pit, screened from 4 to 14 feet bgs

Work will include the following activities and tentative anticipated schedule:

Task Duration Anticipated Schedule

Dig permit 3 weeks February 2023

Mobilization of staff 1 day March 2023

Utility clearance 1 day March 2023

Mobilization of subcontractors and equipment

Monitoring well installation

Equipment decontamination

Subcontractor demobilization

2 days March 2023

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

Task Duration Anticipated Schedule

Monitoring well development

Staff demobilization

1 day March 2023

No sooner than 48 hours after monitoring well installation

Demobilization of staff 1 day March 2023

Survey monitoring wells 1 day April 2023

Details of the groundwater monitoring well installation will be described in a Well Installation Report, which will be submitted to the Air Force and SCDHEC after the completion of field activities.

Activities described herein will be completed in accordance with the Activity Hazard Analysis sheets contained in the approved LTM and Supplemental Investigation UFP-QAPP (FPM, 2015).

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

3.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Investigation-derived waste (IDW) expected to be generated includes decontamination water, well development water, and soil cuttings. IDW will be containerized in U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)-approved 55-gallon drums and staged in the on-Base drum storage area for disposal. Due to the uncertainty surrounding disposal of PFAS-containing waste, in 2017 the Air Force directed FPM to segregate IDW from SWMU 55 (FT003). The drums of IDW will be labelled to indicate that the contents were generated at SWMU 55 (FT003). IDW water may be transferred to a holding tank that has been designated for water only from SWMU 55 (FT003) in the on-Base drum storage area.

IDW soil will be sampled for waste characterization purposes and disposed off-site. One waste characterization sample will be collected as a composite from all the soil drums and analyzed for total PFAS compounds, total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) metals, or as required by the disposal facility. Off-site disposal will be in a Subtitle C or D landfill, as appropriate based on the results of the waste characterization sample.

IDW water will be sampled for waste characterization purposes and disposed off-site. One waste characterization sample will be collected and analyzed for PFAS compounds, VOCs, SVOCs, and metals, or as required by the disposal facility. Off-site disposal will be in a Subtitle C or D landfill, as appropriate based on the results of the waste characterization sample.

Used personal protective equipment (PPE) and trash, such as nitrile gloves and paper towels, generated from well installation activities will be put in garbage bags and disposed of as municipal solid waste.

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Contract No. FA8903-13-C-0006

4.0 REFERENCES

Aerostar SES LLC (Aerostar), 2018. Final Site Inspection Report of Fire Fighting Foam Usage at Joint Base Charleston-Air, Charleston County, and North Auxiliary Airfield, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. May.

Aerostar, 2021. Final Uniform Federal Policy (UFP) Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for PFAS Phase I Remedial Investigation at Joint Base Charleston-Air, Charleston County, South Carolina, and North Auxiliary Airfield, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. August.

FPM Remediations, Inc. (FPM), 2015. Revised Draft/Final SWMU 55 (FT003) – Fire Protection Training Area No. 3 Long-Term Monitoring and Supplemental Investigation Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan, Joint Base Charleston-Air. February.

FPM, 2021. Draft Final Supplemental Groundwater Investigation Work Plan, SWMU 55 (FT003) – Fire Protection Training Area No. 3, Joint Base Charleston-Air, November 2021.

FPM, 2022. Draft 2021 Annual Long Term Groundwater Monitoring and Supplemental Groundwater Investigation Report, SWMU 55 (FT003) – Fire Protection Training Area No. 3, Joint-Base Charleston-Air, North Charleston, South Carolina. October.

FPM Remediations, Inc.

FIGURES

FPM Remediations, Inc.

Pa th

\o dc

\G

IS

\G

IS

_P ro je ct s\

JB

_C H

S_ A ir \P ro je ct s\

1_ R ep or ts \F

T

3_ Su pp _S am p_

R pt

\F ig

_8 _H is _S ite _F ea t.m xd

VW-2

Rail Car

SO

U

T H

A V

IA

T

IO

N

A V

E N

U E

Railroad

Steel Piping

Approx. Soil

Berm Boundary

Bioventing System (1992-2006)

Railroad

Base Boundary

Ditch (since approximately 1994)

Transect A

55T90 MCL 10 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 1.5 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 75.2 J 0.5 U

PCE 5 135 J 0.5 U

TCE 5 70.1 J 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.5 U 0.5 U

55T91 MCL 7 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 0.60 J 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 31 0.5 U

PCE 5 303 0.5 U

TCE 5 110 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.5 U 0.5 U

55T92 MCL 7 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 1.0 U 1.0 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 5.6 1.0 U

PCE 5 28.3 1.0 U

TCE 5 1.0 U 1.0 U

Vinyl chloride 2 1.0 U 1.0 U

55T98 MCL 7 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 0.41 J 0.5 U

PCE 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

TCE 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

55T99 MCL 7 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 0.28 J 0.5 U

PCE 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

TCE 5 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.5 UJ 0.5 U

55T104 MCL 10 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 0.98 J 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 0.5 U 0.5 U

PCE 5 0.5 U 0.5 U

TCE 5 0.5 U 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.5 U 0.5 U

55T106 MCL 9 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 2.3 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 0.5 U 0.5 U

PCE 5 0.5 U 0.5 U

TCE 5 0.5 U 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 0.48 J 0.5 U

55T105 MCL 7 ft bgs 17 ft bgs Benzene 5 15.8 / 18.4 0.5 U

Cis-1,2-DCE 70 0.47 J / 0.5 U 0.5 U

PCE 5 0.5 U / 0.5 U 0.5 U

TCE 5 0.5 U / 0.5 U 0.5 U

Vinyl chloride 2 5.2 / 5.3 0.5 U

Transect C-2

Transect B-2

55T116

3-9

3-7

2299100

2299100

2299200

2299200

2299300

2299300

2299400

2299400

2299500

2299500

2299600

2299600

2299700

2299700

2299800

2299800

2299900

2299900

2300000

2300000

2300100

230010038

FIGURE

SWMU 55 (FT003)

Fire Protection Training Area No. 3 Proposed

JBCA

Site Location

Key Features

PFAS RI Temporary GW Well

PFAS RI soil boring Location

Groundwater Monitoring Well (Intermediate Depth)

Temporary Groundwater Wells (2015-2019)

Groundwater Sampling Point (2022)

No COCs detected

COCs detected below MCLs

COCs detected above MCLs

Surface Water Sample Location

Groundwater Monitoring Well

Groundwater Monitoring Well (Abandoned)

Upper portion of a partially-buried drum (observed 2019)

Performance-Based Remediation Carolina Group

Joint Base Charleston - Air North Charleston, SC

AFCEC

Coordinate System:

NAD 1983 StatePlane South Carolina FIPS 3900 Feet Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Datum: North American 1983 Units: Foot US Service Layer Credits: No credits for this map.

NOTES:

1. Groundwater flow path for the water table was backtracked from well MW-P- 11S perpendicular to 1997 site-wide water table contours as shown in the Draft/Final Phase II RFI Report (Radian, 1998).

2. Only TCE, PCE, cis-1,2-DCE, Vinyl Chloride, and Benzene detections shown, in order to delineate area of impacted groundwater; concentrations are in ug/L.

3. Sample depths are in feet bgs.

4. Red text indicates a detection above the MCL.

5. Revision Date: 10/28/2022

0 9045 Feet

0 3015 Meters

Benzene and vinyl chloride in groundwater > MCL (Dashed where uncerain)

Hydrocarbon observations (2021) (Dashed where uncerain)

PCE and TCE in Groundwater Less than 5 μg/L (2019) (Dashed where uncerain)

Historical Creek (through 1992)

Groundwater Flow Path (water table)

2 Story Cinder Block Building (Demolished 2001)

AST (Demolished 2001)

OWS (Demolished 2001)

Benzene in Groundwater > 5 μg/L (1996-1997)

PCE in Groundwater > 5 μg/L (1996-1997)

TCE in Groundwater > 5 μg/L (1996-1997)

Proposed Groundwater Monitoring

Well

55MW-26

(Proposed)

55MW-27

(Proposed)

FPM Remediations, Inc.

Appendix A – Well Permit Application

FPM Remediations, Inc.

Program Area:

Project or Site ID #:

8. Proposed construction details (complete and attach proposed monitoring well schematics):

7. Proposed parameters to be analyzed (check all that apply), please specify analytical method beside check box:

VOCs

BTEX

MtBE

Naphthalene

PAHs

Metals

Nitrates

Base, Neutral & Acid Ex.

Pesticides/Herbicides

Phenols

Radionuclides

PCBs

Other (specify below)

6. Proposed number of monitoring wells:

5. Intended Purpose of Well(s):

Pre-Purchase

Investigation

NOTE: If this request is for an existing DHEC project, please enter the Program area and ID number below.

4. Proposed Drilling Date:

3. Property Owner’s Information:

Check if same as Well Owner

Name (Last then First):

Company:

Address:

Telephone Number:

2. Well Owner’s Information:

Name (Last then First):

Company:

Complete Address:

Telephone Number:

1. Proposed Location of Monitoring Well(s):

Street Address:

City (including Zip):

County:

Please attach Scaled Map or Plat

Monitoring Well Application

DHEC 3736 (9/2007) SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

01/01/2023

(843) 963-2701

203 S. Davis Dr, B247, 1st Floor, Joint Base Charleston, SC 29404-4707

AFCEC (Attn: Laura Powers)

Joint Base Charleston-Air

Charleston

North Charleston, 29404

S. Aviation Ave. (wooded area across from Fighter Dr.

Facility ID SC3570024460

RCRA/ SWMU 55

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) summary of standards for monitoring well construction (per South Carolina Well Standards and Regulations R.

61-71)

Approval and License Requirements

Prior Department approval is required for the installation or abandonment of all monitoring wells including direct push, geoprobe or other temporary type monitoring wells. The attached monitoring well approval document should be completed, submitted and approved prior to construction of any monitoring well. A monitoring well is any well used to obtain water samples for water quality analyses or to measure groundwater levels. There are no fees for approvals. All monitoring wells must be drilled by a driller that is registered in South Carolina with the Board of Certification of the Environmental Systems Operators. If any of the information on the application including the proposed drilling date, well construction details or well placement changes, the Department (i.e. project manager issuing the well approval) must be notified 24 hours prior to well construction.

Location

Due to the nature and purpose of a monitoring well, the depth and location requirements in respect to surface water bodies, potential contamination sources, etc., are variable, and shall be approved on a case by case basis by the Department.

Construction and Material

Casing should be of sufficient strength to withstand normal forces encountered during and after well installation and be composed of material so as to minimally affect water quality analyses. Casing should have a sufficient diameter to allow for efficient sample collection (i.e., to provide access for sampling equipment). The diameter of the drilled hole needs to be large enough on all sides (1.5 inches of annular space) to allow forced injection of grout through a tremie pipe. All monitoring wells should have a cement pad or aggregate reinforced concrete at the ground surface which extends at least six inches beyond the bore hole diameter and six inches below ground surface to prevent infiltration between the surface casing and the bore hole. All monitoring wells should be grouted from the top of the bentonite seal to the surface with a neat cement, high solids bentonite or neat cement, bentonite mixture approved by the Department. A hydrated bentonite seal with a minimum thickness of 12 inches is to be placed above the filter pack to prevent infiltration of grout if the well has a filter pack. The monitoring well intake or screen design should minimize the amount of formational materials entering the well. The gravel pack should be utilized opposite the well screen as appropriate so that parameters analyses will be minimally affected. All monitoring wells should have a locking cap or other security device to prevent damage and/or vandalism. Any monitoring well which is destroyed, rendered unusable or is abandoned should be reported to the Department and be properly abandoned, revitalized or replaced as appropriate or required by permit or regulation.

Development

Monitoring wells shall be properly developed. Development shall include the removal of formation cuttings and drilling fluids from the well bore hole. Development shall be complete when the well produces water typical of the aquifer being monitored.

Reporting Requirements

A monitor well record form (1903) or equivalent to include the following should be completed and submitted to the Department within 30 days after completion of the monitoring wells:

Name and address of facility/owner;

Surveyed or global positioning system location of monitor well(s) on a scaled map or plat;

Driller and certification number;

Date drilled;

Driller’s or Geologist’s log;

Total depth;

Screened interval;

Diameter and construction details;

Depth to water table with date and time measured;

Surveyed elevation of measuring point with respect to established benchmark;

Monitoring well approval number issued by the Department.

Additionally, the groundwater and soil (if taken) analytical results should be submitted to the Department within 30 days of receipt from the laboratory.

Abandonment

All monitoring wells shall be properly abandoned, when deemed appropriate by the Department. Any well that acts as a source of contamination shall be repaired or permanently abandoned immediately after receipt of notice from the Department. Abandonment shall be by forced injection of grout or pouring through a tremie pipe starting at the bottom of the well and proceeding to the surface in one continuous operation.

The well shall be filled with either neat cement, bentonite-cement, or 20% high solids sodium bentonite grout, from the bottom of the well to the land surface.

* This summary of standards for monitoring well construction may not include a listing of all information necessary to obtain an approval to install monitoring wells. Final approval of monitoring well installation will be dependant upon the regulatory requirements for the Department program area for which the monitoring wells are to be installed.

* Some areas of the Department may require a detailed justification of the placement of monitoring wells and the depth of monitoring well screened zones prior to granting installation approval.

WELL ID 55MW-26, 55MW-27

SITE ID SWMU 55

JOB NAME JB CHS‐Air

NORTHING

EASTING

DRILLING START DATE

J‐PLUG ELEV. TBD INSTALL END DATE

CHIEF UNIT Surficial Aquifer (Ladson Fm)

ELEV. TBD TYPE: STICK‐UP

STEEL BOLLARDS (Y/N): Yes

SAND FLUSH‐MOUNT VAULT DIAM: N/A

CONCRETE PAD DIMENSIONS:

ELEV. TBD LOCKING J‐PLUG: Yes

DEPTH 2.0 ft DRAIN SAND THICKNESS/TYPE: None

DRILLING METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger

ELEV. TBD BOREHOLE DIAM: 8 in

DEPTH 4.0 ft

CASING DIAM: 2 in

CASING MATERIAL: Schedule 40 PVC

CASING JOINT TYPE: THREADED

CASING LENGTH:

BACKFILL MATERIAL: N/A

10.0 ft HOW INSTALLED: N/A

NO. OF BAGS: N/A

LOWER SEAL MATERIAL: Bentonite grout

HOW INSTALLED: Tremie

NO. OF BAGS: TBD

FILTER PACK MATERIAL: Morie sand

FILTER PACK SIZE: #3

NO. OF BAGS: TBD

SCREEN DIAM: 2 in

SCREEN MATERIAL: Schedule 40 PVC

ELEV. TBD SCREEN SLOT SIZE: 0.010 in

DEPTH 14.0 ft SCREEN LENGTH: 10 ft

DRILLING COMPANY: TBD

ELEV. N/A DRILLER'S NAME:

DEPTH N/A DRILLERS LICENSE (STATE/NO.):

DRILL RIG TYPE: Hollow Stem Auger

DRILL RIG MODEL: TBD

ELEV. TBD DRILL RIG NOTES: TBD

DEPTH 14.0 ft FPM FIELD REPRESENTATIVE: TBD

STATIC WATER LEVEL:

DATE:

BACKFILL MATERIAL

UNDER SUMP: Native soil

All elevations are approximated.

SCREEN LENGTH

BOTTOM OF SCREEN

BOTTOM OF WELL

NOTES:

SE

A L

SU

M P

BACKFILL

BOTTOM OF BORING

TOP OF SCREEN

FI

LT

ER

P A C K

SC

R

EE

N C A

SI

N G

MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM

FPM Remediations, Inc.

TOP OF CASING

GROUND SURFACE

TOP OF FILTER PACK

STICK‐UP

POST

GENERALIZED STRATIGRAPHY

FPM Remediations, Inc.

Appendix B – Field SOPs

FPM Remediations, Inc.

Standard Operating Practices FT003 Supplemental Offsite Investigation, JB CHS-Air

FPM Remediations, Inc. 1 February 2015

1.0 SOP NO. 1 - MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT

1.1 Purpose and Scope

1.2 general procedures

1.3 Drilling and Well Installation Procedures for Monitoring Wells

1.3.1 Equipment and Materials List

1.3.2 Drilling Methods

1.3.3 Stratigraphic Logging

1.3.4 Well Specifications

1.3.5 Well Installation Procedures

1.3.6 Surveys

1.3.7 Documentation

1.4 Well Development

1.4.1 Equipment and Materials List

1.4.2 Development Procedure

1.4.3 Documentation

2.0 SOP NO. 5 – DECONTAMINATION

2.1 Purpose and Scope

2.2 Equipment and Materials List

2.3 Decontamination Procedures

2.3.1 Decontamination Solutions

2.3.2 Personnel Decontamination

2.3.3 Sampling Equipment Decontamination

2.3.4 Equipment Leaving the Site

2.3.5 Responsible Authority

2.3.6 Investigation Derived Waste

2.4 Emergency Decontamination

2.5 Documentation

FPM Remediations, Inc. 2 February 2015

1.0 SOP NO. 1 - MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND

DEVELOPMENT

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This section describes the SOP for drilling, installation, and development of monitoring wells.

This SOP has been revised to comply with South Carolina regulation R.61-71, Well Standards (SCDHEC, 2002). The step-by-step procedures described herein are sufficiently detailed to allow field personnel to properly install and develop wells, but monitoring well installation and development will be conducted by qualified, experienced personnel.

This SOP is intended to be used with other SOPs listed below:

SOP No. 2 – Boring and Monitoring Well Abandonment SOP No. 3 – Groundwater Sampling SOP No. 4 – Sample Handling, Documentation, and Tracking

Health and safety procedures and equipment are described in a project-specific HASP.

1.2 GENERAL PROCEDURES

The following General Procedures will be followed in accordance with South Carolina regulation R.61-71, Well Standards (SCDHEC, 2002), for all permanent and temporary, conventionally installed and direct-push monitoring wells.

All wells shall be drilled, constructed, and abandoned by a South Carolina certified well driller per 40-23-10 et seq.

All monitoring wells shall have SCDHEC approval prior to installation or abandonment. Prior to the construction of any monitoring well, the following information shall be completed on the SCDHEC Monitoring Well Application Form 3736 and shall be submitted to SCDHEC. The Monitoring Well Application Form 3736 is provided as an attachment to this SOP. The form shall contain the following information:

1. Proposed well location(s) on a scaled map or plat;

2. Proposed well construction details;

3. Intended purpose of the well(s);

4. Well owner’s name and mailing address;

5. Property owner’s name and mailing address, if different from the well owner;

6. Mailing address and county of location where monitoring wells are to be installed, if different from the well owner’s or property owner’s address;

7. Proposed parameters to be analyzed; and

8. Proposed drilling date.

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If any of the information provided to SCDHEC changes, SCDHEC will be notified at least 24 hours prior to well construction.

The well owner shall submit all analytical data and water levels obtained from each monitoring well to SCDHEC within 30 days of receipt of laboratory results unless another schedule has been approved by SCDHEC.

Any monitoring well which is destroyed, rendered unusable, or abandoned, shall be reported to SCDHEC, and shall be properly abandoned, revitalized, or replaced as appropriate or as required by permit or regulation.

A SCDHEC Water Well Record Form 1903 shall be completed and submitted to SCDHEC within 30 days after well completion or abandonment. Water Well Record Form 1903 is provided as an attachment to this SOP. At a minimum, the form shall contain the following information:

1. Name and address of the facility/owner;

2. Surveyed or global positioning system location, in latitude and longitude or Universal

Transverse Mercator coordinates, of monitoring well(s) on a scaled map or plat;

3. Driller and certification number;

4. Date drilled;

5. Driller’s or Geologist’s log;

6. Total depth;

7. Screened interval;

8. Diameter and construction details;

9. Depth to groundwater with date and time measured;

10. Surveyed elevation of measuring point with respect to an established benchmark;

11. Monitoring well approval number issued by SCDHEC.

1.3 DRILLING AND WELL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING

WELLS

1.3.1 Equipment and Materials List

This section details the required equipment, drilling and installation procedures, and documentation procedures for installation of groundwater monitoring wells.

The following is an equipment list for monitoring well installation:

Drilling rig (e.g., hollow-stem auger or direct-push) capable of installing wells to the desired depth in the expected formation materials and conditions Weighted tape measure

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Water level probe PID (with 10.2 eV lamp) Well casing and well screen Bentonite pellets Filter pack sand (16-40 silica sand) Portland Type I or II Cement and powdered bentonite or high solids bentonite for grouting High pressure grout pump Protective well casing with locking cap or flush mount manhole assembly with padlock Steel guard posts (bollards) for stick-up wells Inertial Pump (Waterra® pump or similar) High-pressure steamer/cleanser Long-handled bristle brushes Wash/rinse tubs or pails Liquinox® detergent Plastic bags (Ziploc®) Self-adhesive labels Deionized water Appropriate health and safety equipment Log book Boring log sheets Well construction logs Appropriate sample containers Sample cooler and ice

1.3.2 Drilling Methods

Groundwater monitoring wells are installed by either hollow stem auger or direct push drilling methods. These drilling methods are described below.

1.3.2.1 Hollow Stem Auger

A hollow stem auger (HSA) section is a section of pipe with flanges welded onto it. Each auger section is referred to as a flight. Flights are typically five feet in length. The flights are linked together as each flight is advanced to the ground surface. Sampling tools and the center bit are advanced through the open pipe. The cutting bit has a finger plug which prevents loose soil from entering the open pipe. A split-spoon sampling device may be lowered inside the drill string and driven through the finger plug and ahead of the cutting bit for an in-situ sample as required. The drill string, therefore, serves as a form of casing because it does not have to be withdrawn each time a sample is collected.

There are several advantages of HSA boreholes. First, the method is rapid in most unconsolidated, fine- to medium-grained geologic materials. Second, drilling fluids are not used

FPM Remediations, Inc. 5 February 2015 to remove cuttings and, therefore, the in-situ chemical conditions of the borehole are not further degraded by either diluting contaminants with added water or contributing suspended solids from drilling mud used to stabilize the borehole walls in soft materials. Third, HSA flights are easily cleaned and decontaminated. Fourth, the auger flights serve as a form of casing, which allows monitoring wells to be constructed by raising the flights as needed.

If flowing sands are encountered, potable water may be added to the augers to equalize the hydrostatic pressure in the boring. If water is added to the augers or borehole, it must be potable, and the quantity used must be recorded in the field logbook.

1.3.2.2 Direct Push

Direct push methods can be used in unconsolidated formations to install permanent groundwater monitoring wells, or to install temporary wells for collecting grab samples of groundwater.

Direct push methods generate a smaller amount of investigation-derived waste soil cuttings than other drilling methods. Direct push monitoring wells cannot be installed below a confining layer unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of SCDHEC that cross-contamination of the aquifer systems can be prevented, per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, Well Standards

(SCDHEC, 2002).

Permanent groundwater monitoring wells can be installed by direct push methods. Wells with pre-packed screens and filter pack can be installed, or individual well components can be installed through the outer drive rods in a manner analogous to conventional well installation.

The annulus of the boring will be grouted.

Temporary samplers (also called grab samplers) are devices advanced by direct push methods to a depth below the static water level, used to collect groundwater samples during one sampling event. They are usually less than two inches outer diameter (OD) and are generally constructed of steel or stainless steel. Several different types of temporary samplers exist (e.g., Hydropunch™), and the sampler type will be chosen based on project needs. The samplers are driven to the target depth using an outer hollow push rod; then the rod is retracted, and the screen of the sampling device is thereby exposed to the formation. Generally, groundwater flows into the sampler from an exposed screen under ambient hydrostatic pressure. For methods in which the screen is not exposed to the formation during advancement, development is not required.

Groundwater may be collected from the sampler using bailers or pumps, or the sampler may be retracted to the surface to obtain the water sample. Once sampling is completed, these devices are removed and the boring is abandoned.

1.3.3 Stratigraphic Logging

For monitoring wells installed by conventional methods (e.g., hollow stem auger) or direct push, borehole stratigraphy will be logged by examining split spoon soil samples, either continuous core or at 5-foot intervals, if required based on project needs. If soil samples are not obtained during hollow stem auger drilling, borehole stratigraphy will be logged by examining soil

FPM Remediations, Inc. 6 February 2015 cuttings, if possible. Direct-push methods for temporary well installation may preclude retrieval of a sample core, and therefore borehole stratigraphy may not be logged for these wells.

Borehole stratigraphy data will be recorded on a boring log. Data recorded on the boring log will include the following information:

Project name and number Drilling company name Date drilling started and finished Type of bit and size Casing sizes and depths Well completion details Driller’s name Geologist’s name Type of drill rig Type of sampler Boring number Surface elevation (if available) Sample depths and times Sample characteristics with depth, such as lithology, grain size, sorting, texture, structure, bedding, color, moisture content, and the Unified Soil Classification (if in unconsolidated geologic materials)

Water levels Geophysical or video log run (if any) Drilling observations Other pertinent information

1.3.4 Well Specifications

This section describes the well specifications and materials to be used for groundwater monitoring well installations. Well components include the borehole, casing, screen, filter pack, bentonite seal, grout, and surface completion.

1.3.4.1 Drilled Boring Diameter

Per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, Well Standards (SCDHEC, 2002), the diameter of the drilled boring shall be as follows:

For permanent conventionally-installed monitoring wells (e.g., hollow stem auger), the diameter of the drilled boring shall be large enough to allow for a minimum of 1.5 inches of annular space on all sides of the casing for forced injection of grout through a tremie pipe.

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For permanent direct-push monitoring wells, the diameter of the annular space shall be large enough to allow for forced injection of grout through a tremie pipe.

The diameter of hollow stem augers used will be specified in the project-specific work plan.

Generally, 4 ¼-inch inside diameter (ID) augers will be used to install groundwater monitoring wells.

1.3.4.2 Well Casings

Well casing shall be of sufficient strength to withstand normal forces encountered during and after well installation and be composed of material so as to minimally affect water quality analyses. Casing shall be of sufficient diameter to provide access for sampling equipment. Well casing will consist of new, threaded, flush-joint, 2-inch ID, schedule 40 PVC. O-rings will be used at all joints. Heat-welded joints and/or gaskets will not be used. The tops of all well casings will be fitted with caps (J-plug) which can be easily removed by hand. The well casing will be brought to the site in its factory post-cleaning plastic wrapping, and steam cleaning before installation will not be required.

1.3.4.3 Well Screens

Well screens shall minimize formation materials from entering the well. Well screens will consist of new, 2-inch ID threaded PVC with factory machined slots. The screen slot sizes are 0.010-inches and 0.020-inches. An end-plug will be placed at the bottom of the screen. All well screens will have an inside diameter equal to or greater than that of the well casing. For wells targeting the water table in the surficial aquifer, the screen depth will intersect the uppermost portion of the saturated zone. For wells targeting other depths in the aquifer, the screen placement depth will be as stated in the project-specific work plan. Well screen length will generally be 10 feet, but may differ on a case-by-case basis as stated in the project-specific work plan.

1.3.4.4 Filter Pack

The filter pack material for the monitoring wells will consist of a pre-washed environmental grade silica sand or equivalent, at a size to match the percent-retained sieve range for the screen slot size. After the well casing is placed, filter pack sand will be emplaced by pouring it directly between the auger or direct-push rods and the well casing, as the auger or rods are removed slowly from the borehole. Filter pack sand will be poured slowly and with care, and the depth of the filter pack will be continuously probed with a weighted tape during placement, to prevent bridging and verify that the sand is reaching the proper depth. Surging of the well may be necessary during filter pack placement to obtain an adequate pack placement around the well screen.

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1.3.4.5 Pre-packed Screens

During well installation by direct push methods, pre-packed screens provide the best control of filter pack placement and grain size. Pre-packed screens are composed of a rigid Type I PVC screen surrounded by a pre-sized filter pack. The filter pack is held in place by a stainless-steel wire mesh (for organic contaminants) or food-grade plastic mesh such as polyethylene (for inorganic contaminants). The mesh is anchored to the top and bottom of the screen. Sleeved screens consist of a stainless steel wire mesh jacket filled with a pre-sized filter pack material, which can be slipped over a PVC screen with slots of any size.

1.3.4.6 Bentonite Seal and Annular Seal

In permanent monitoring wells (e.g., HSA), a bentonite seal and annular seal will be installed. A bentonite seal and annular seal may not be required for temporary direct-push monitoring wells.

When required, the bentonite seal will be installed above the filter pack. The seal will consist of a two-foot interval of bentonite chips or pellets placed by gravity feed from the ground surface and will be hydrated prior to placement of the annular seal. The bentonite seal will be allowed to hydrate for 30 minutes to 1 hour before the addition of grout.

The annular seal (grouting) will be placed from just above the bentonite seal to the ground surface, per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, Well Standards (SCDHEC, 2002). Grout shall consist of neat cement, a bentonite cement mixture, or high solids sodium bentonite grout, as follows:

Neat cement ground shall be composed of Class A, Type I Portland Cement mixed with not more than seven (7) gallons of clean water per bag (one cubic foot or 94 pounds) of cement with a density of 15 to 16 pounds per gallon, or to manufacturer’s specifications.

Bentonite-cement grout shall be composed of powdered bentonite (less than 5% by weight) mixed at not more than 8 gallons of water to the bag, with a density of 14 to 15 pounds per gallon, or to manufacturer’s specifications.

High solids sodium bentonite grout shall have a minimum of 20% solids and be mixed per manufacturer’s specifications with water and/or other required additives.

All grouting shall be accomplished with forced injection (tremie pipe) to emplace the grout.

When emplacing the grouting material, the tremie pipe shall be lowered to the bottom of the zone to be grouted. The tremie pipe shall be kept full continuously from start to finish of the grouting procedure, with the discharge end of the tremie pipe being continuously submerged in the grout until the zone to be grouted is completely filled.

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1.3.4.7 Surface Completion

Two well completion types will be used for permanent conventionally installed and direct-push monitoring wells. These include the flush mount and stick-up well completions. No well completion will be used for temporary monitoring wells.

For high traffic areas, flush-mount completions will be installed. The flush-mount completion includes an 8-inch OD traffic rated manhole and concrete pad. Per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, section H.2.a(5), the concrete pad shall be capable of preventing infiltration between the surface casing and the borehole to the subsurface. The grout column will terminate 0.5 to 1 foot below the protective inner casing of the flush-mount housing. Sand will be placed in the space between the top of grout and to a point within the well housing, but below the top of casing. This will allow any surface water that accumulates in the well housing to exit into the surrounding surface soil (but not penetrate down the borehole wall) and not stagnate inside the well housing. Per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, section H.2.a(5), the concrete pad will extend six inches beyond the borehole diameter and six inches below ground surface. Following manhole installation, a locking water-tight security plug will be installed on top of the PVC riser.

For areas with no traffic, stick-up completions will be installed. The stick-up completions include a steel 8-inch OD stick-up pipe, traffic bollards, and concrete pad. Following stick-up completion installation, a locking water-tight security plug will be installed on top of the PVC riser.

All monitoring wells shall be properly labeled with an identification plate immediately upon well completion, per South Carolina regulation R.61-71, section H.2.c (SCDHEC, 2002). The identification plate shall be constructed of a durable, weatherproof, rustproof material. The identification plate shall be permanently secured to the well casing or enclosure floor around the casing where it is readily visible. The identification plate shall be permanently marked to show:

1. Company name and certification number of the driller who installed the well;

2. Date well was completed;

3. Total depth (feet);

4. Casing depth (feet);

5. Screened interval;

6. Designator and/or identification number.

1.3.5 Well Installation Procedures

This section describes procedures for well installation.

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1.3.5.1 Well Installation Procedure – Conventional Methods

The procedure for installation of permanent monitoring wells using conventional methods (e.g., HSA) is as follows:

1. Decontaminate all well materials (if necessary) according to SOP No. 5. Following decontamination, all personnel that handle the casing will don a clean pair of rubber or nitrile gloves.

2. Measure each joint of casing and screen to nearest 0.10 foot.

3. Assemble screen and casing as it is lowered into the boring or inside the HSA pipe. Attach stainless steel centralizers if required.

4. Lower screen and casing to the bottom of the boring.

5. Record level of top of casing and calculate screened interval. Adjust screen interval by raising or lowering assembly to desired interval if necessary and add sand to raise the bottom of the boring to the base of the screen. A 1.5-inch diameter, 10-foot long pipe may be lowered into the well to check for straightness. If the pipe will not pass the entire length of the well casing, the well will have to be removed and reset or, if this is not possible, a new well will be installed.

6. Begin adding filter pack sand around the annulus of the casing by slowly gravity feeding the sand (through the tremie pipe if required). Repeated depth soundings should be taken to monitor the level of the sand.

7. Allow sufficient time for the filter sand to settle through the water column outside the screen and casing before measuring the sand level.

8. Extend the filter pack sand to two feet above the top of the well screen. Surging of the well may be required to obtain a good pack around the well screen.

9. Following sand filter pack placement, install a minimum 2-foot thick bentonite seal by slowly adding the pellets to avoid bridging. The bentonite will be hydrated with potable water if the seal is above the water table, and will be allowed to hydrate for 30 minutes to 1 hour before the addition of grout.

10. Grout the remaining annulus from the top of the bentonite seal to the ground surface using materials described in Section 1.3.4.4. The grout will be placed into the borehole until the annulus is filled to within three feet of the ground surface.

11. Record the volume of the filter pack, bentonite seal, and grout used.

12. After the grout sets for 24 hours, the well completion (flush mount or stick-up) enclosure will be installed. The enclosure will consist of a traffic-rated manhole. Completions will be flush with the surrounding surface. Completions will have a concrete pad sloped slightly away from the manhole. Manholes will have covers secured by bolts.

1.3.5.2 Well Installation Procedure – Direct Push Methods

The procedure for installation of permanent monitoring wells using direct push methods is as follows:

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1. Decontaminate all well materials (if necessary) according to SOP No. 5. Following decontamination, all personnel that handle the casing will don a clean pair of rubber or nitrile gloves.

2. The drilling contractor will advance rods into the subsurface to the appropriate depth for setting the well.

3. Measure the static water level below the top of drill casing with an electronic water-level meter. Record the depth to water from top of casing and the distance from top of casing to ground surface.

4. Measure each joint of casing and screen to nearest 0.10 foot.

5. The drilling contractor will assemble the casing and screen as it is lowered into the outer rods. Attach stainless steel centralizers if required.

6. Lower screen and casing to the bottom of the boring.

7. Record level of top of casing and calculate screened interval. Adjust screen interval by raising or lowering assembly to desired interval, if necessary, and add sand to raise the bottom of the boring to the base of the screen. A 1.5-inch diameter, 10-foot long pipe may be lowered into the well to check for straightness. If the pipe will not pass the entire length of the well casing, the well will have to be removed and reset or, if this is not possible, a new well will be installed.

8. If not using a pre-packed screen, begin adding filter pack sand as described previously.

9. Following sand filter pack placement, install a minimum 2-foot thick bentonite seal by slowly adding the pellets to avoid bridging. The bentonite will be hydrated with potable water if the seal is above the water table.

10. Grout the remaining annulus from the top of the bentonite seal, as described previously in Section 1.3.4.6.

11. Record the volume of the filter pack, bentonite seal, and grout used.

12. After the grout sets for 24 hours, the well completion (flush mount or stick-up) enclosure will be installed. The enclosure will consist of a traffic-rated manhole. Completions will be flush with the surrounding surface. Completions will have a concrete pad sloped slightly away from the manhole. Manholes will have covers secured by bolts.

1.3.5.3 Temporary Well Procedure – Direct Push Methods

The procedure for installation of temporary wells using direct push methods is as follows:

1. Decontaminate all sampler materials (if necessary) according to SOP No. 5. Following decontamination, all personnel that handle the sampler will don a clean pair of rubber or nitrile gloves.

2. The drilling contractor will advance rods into the subsurface to the appropriate depth for the collection of samples. The bottom of the borehole will be approximately 2 feet above the depth from which a discrete water sample is desired.

3. Measure the static water level below the top of drill casing with an electronic water-level meter.