B.08 GFI JB CHS PBR LF016 (SWMU 16) Draft 2022 Annual Monitoring Report.pdf

DRAFT

2022 Annual Monitoring Report

Solid Waste Management Unit 16 (LF016)

PERFORMANCE-BASED REMEDIATION

Joint Base Charleston Weapons

SOUTH CAROLINA

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 November 2022

Revision 00

Prepared for:

AFCEC/CZRE

US Air Force Civil Engineer Center 772nd ESS/PKS

2261 Hughes Avenue, Suite 155 JBSA Lackland, TX 78236-9853

Prepared by:

AECOM

4016 Salt Pointe Parkway

North Charleston, South Carolina 29405

With Teaming Partners:

SWMU 16 (LF016)

Joint Base Charleston Weapons, South Carolina

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 i BWJ140078

DOCUMENT CERTIFICATION

I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. This document is signed and certified in accordance with R.61-79.270.11 and 270.30(K).

Megan Nichols, PE Date Registration Number 32490

21 November 2022

Joint Base Charleston Weapons, South Carolina

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 ii BWJ140078

Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ES-1

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Project Authorization................................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Objective and Scope................................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 Site Description and Location .................................................................................. 1-1

1.4 Previous Investigations and Corrective Actions ....................................................... 1-1

1.5 Land Use Controls ................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6 Site Hydrology ......................................................................................................... 1-3

1.7 Precipitation and Recharge...................................................................................... 1-3

1.8 Human Health Risk Evaluation ................................................................................ 1-3

1.9 Ecological Risk Evaluation ....................................................................................... 1-4 ANNUAL MONITORING EVENT ACTIVITIES .........................................................2-1

2.1 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Activities ............................................................... 2-1

2.1.1 Water Level Measurements ................................................................................. 2-1

2.1.2 Groundwater Sampling ........................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 LUC and Landfill Operation & Maintenance Inspections .......................................... 2-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS .........................................................................................3-1

3.1 Nature and Extent of Contamination ........................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Nature of Contamination .......................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 Extent of Contamination .......................................................................................... 3-1

3.4 Data Validation ........................................................................................................ 3-1 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................4-1 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................5-1 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................6-1

List of Figures Figure 1-1 SWMU 16 Site Location Map Figure 2-1 SWMU 16 Site Map Figure 2-2 SWMU 16 Groundwater Contour Map Figure 3-1 SWMU 16 PAL Exceedances Map

List of Tables Table 2-1 Well Construction Details and Groundwater Elevation Data Table 2-2 Summary of Analytical Parameters by Well Table 2-3 Summary of Groundwater Field Parameters Table 3-1 Summary of Groundwater Analytical Detections

List of Appendices Appendix A Land Use Control Inspection Forms Appendix B Field Documentation Appendix C Laboratory Analytical Reports Appendix D Summary of Analytical Results in Groundwater SWMU 16 Appendix E Data Validation Reports

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

% .................... percent °F .................... degrees Fahrenheit μg/L................. micrograms per liter AFCEC ........... Air Force Civil Engineer

Center amsl ................ above mean sea level BEHP .............. bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate CAPE .............. Cape Environmental

Management, Inc.

CCR ................ construction completion report CMI ................. corrective measures implementation CMS ................ corrective measures study COC ................ contaminant of concern DCE ................ dichloroethene DoD ................ Department of Defense JBC ................. Joint Base Charleston LCS ................. laboratory control sample LCSD .............. laboratory control sample duplicate LUC ................ land use control MCL ................ maximum contaminant level MS .................. matrix spike MSD ................ matrix spike duplicate

O&M ................ operation and maintenance ORP ................ oxidation reduction potential PACE .............. Pace Analytical Services PAL ................. project action level PCB ................ polychlorinated biphenyl RCRA .............. Resource Conservation and

Recovery Act RCRA Permit... Hazardous Waste Permit

SC8 170 022 620

RFI .................. RCRA Facility Investigation RPD ................ relative percent difference SCDHEC ......... South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

SVOC .............. semi-volatile organic compound

SWMU............. solid waste management unit

TAL ................. target analyte list TCE ................. trichloroethene UFP-QAPP ...... Uniform Federal Policy –

Quality Assurance Project Plan

USEPA ............ United States Environmental Protection Agency

VOC ................ volatile organic compound

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Annual Monitoring Report has been prepared to describe the annual groundwater monitoring event conducted in August 2022 at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 16 at Joint Base Charleston (JBC) Weapons located in Charleston, South Carolina. This project is being conducted under Performance-Based Remediation Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 for the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, in support of the Environmental Restoration Program at JBC Weapons.

Groundwater monitoring is completed at SWMU 16 in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous Waste Permit SC8 170 022 620 (RCRA Permit) issued to JBC Weapons by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC).

The objective of this document is to summarize and evaluate the results of the August 2022 groundwater monitoring event and to provide recommendations for future groundwater monitoring.

The annual groundwater monitoring event discussed in this report was completed on August 9, 2022 and marks the seventh annual long-term monitoring event since the landfill cover was installed following SCDHEC's selection of the soil remedy for this site. The monitoring event consisted of the following activities:

• Collecting water level measurements from four monitoring wells;

• Collecting groundwater samples from four monitoring wells for volatile organic compounds

(VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and target analyte list (TAL) metals, and

• Conducting the land use control (LUC) and Landfill operation and maintenance (O&M) inspection.

Annual groundwater monitoring at SWMU 16 is currently conducted in accordance with the referenced JBC Weapons RCRA Permit. Groundwater monitoring is undertaken at four monitoring wells: 16MW02S, 16MW03S, 16MW04S, and 16MW05S. Groundwater samples are collected and analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, and TAL metals, minus mercury. Upon arrival at the laboratory, the temperature blank reading shipped with the samples was 19.4 degrees Celsius, above the threshold for analysis for VOCs and SVOCs. Due to this, the VOC and SVOC samples were required to be collected again. This additional sampling was completed on August 23, 2022.

In the 2022 analytical groundwater summary, exceedances of arsenic and manganese were detected in monitoring well 16MW03S at concentrations of 14 micrograms per liter (µg/L) and 540 µg/L, respectively, exceeding the project action limits (PAL) of 10 µg/L and 430 µg/L. Arsenic is a site contaminant of concern and the PAL for arsenic is the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL). Manganese is not a site COC and the PAL for manganese is the USEPA Region Screening Level for tap water, hazard quotient = 1, May 2022. VOCs and SVOCs did not exceed the PALs during the sampling event. The 2022 sampling results are generally consistent with previous sampling results. This document also compiles and presents the ongoing semi-annual LUC and Landfill O&M inspections. A detailed description of these inspections may be found in Section 1.5 and Section 2.2.

Based on the results of 2022 groundwater monitoring, the following are recommended for future monitoring events at SWMU 16:

• Continue annual groundwater sampling for VOCs, SVOCs, and TAL metals, minus mercury, from the four SWMU 16 monitoring wells.

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• Continue annual LUC and Landfill O&M inspections.

• Continue annual water level data collection from the four SWMU 16 monitoring wells. The water levels will be collected during the annual LUC and Landfill O&M Inspections and during groundwater sampling events.

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Authorization

This Annual Monitoring Report has been prepared to document activities conducted at the site throughout the 2022 calendar year, including the annual land use control (LUC) inspection and annual groundwater monitoring event conducted in August 2022, at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 16 at Joint Base Charleston (JBC) Weapons located in Charleston, South Carolina.

This project is being conducted under Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 for the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC), in support of the Environmental Restoration Program at JBC Weapons.

1.2 Objective and Scope

The objective of the annual monitoring event at SWMU 16 is to comply with the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Permit issued to JBC Weapons by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC).

The objective of this document is to summarize and evaluate the results of the August 2022 groundwater monitoring event and to provide recommendations for future monitoring. This document also compiles and presents the ongoing LUC and landfill operation and maintenance (O&M) inspections.

1.3 Site Description and Location

Site Name: Old Southside Landfill RCRA Permit Stage: LUC/Groundwater Monitoring JBC Weapons is located 10 miles north of Charleston, South Carolina, and approximately 16 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. The facility is situated in two counties, Berkeley and Charleston, and occupies 16,868 acres. SWMU 16 is located in the southern part of JBC Weapons, in the flood plain of the Cooper River. SWMU 16 encompasses about 13 acres and is partially within the tidal marsh zone of Goose Creek. A site location map for SWMU 16 is included as Figure 1-1.

SWMU 16 was the primary landfill used for disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated at JBC Weapons between 1941 and 1978. Solid waste included household waste, construction and demolition debris, empty containers from shop areas, metal waste, and occasional ordnance items. Additionally, approximately 500 mercury batteries were disposed of at random locations in the landfill, as well as 90-millimeter shells, approximately 40 of which were removed in 1980.

Liquid wastes included oily wastes and solvents which were disposed of at the site annually. In 1980, the landfill was closed, and a portion was covered with approximately two feet of local soil fill. SWMU 16 was graded prior to covering with soil, to cover the rubbish and provide drainage for the site. Riprap was installed along the edge of the marsh.

1.4 Previous Investigations and Corrective Actions

Several investigations have been conducted at SWMU 16. An Interim RCRA Facility Assessment was conducted from 1983 through 1988 (Kearney/Centaur Division, 1988). A RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) was conducted at the site between 2000 and 2008 (Tetra Tech, 2008). In 2000, a geophysical survey, monitoring well installation and sampling, surface and subsurface soil sampling, surface water and sediment sampling, staff gauge installation, measurement of multiple synoptic groundwater levels, aquifer testing, and a tidal study were conducted at SWMU 16 (Tetra Tech, 2008). Subsequently, additional groundwater investigation continued through 2005. The

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RFI included a human health and ecological risk assessment; the risk assessments indicated a Corrective Measures Study (CMS) was warranted.

A CMS was undertaken in 2011 (Tetra Tech, 2011) to identify media cleanup standards, develop corrective measures objectives, screen corrective measures technologies, develop measures alternatives, conduct detailed analysis of corrective measures alternatives, and recommend a corrective measures alternative. The CMS was revised in 2012, and the final document was approved by SCDHEC in June 2012. The Final CMS found that significant potential health risk existed primarily as a result of exposure to lead in surface soil at one localized hot spot in a debris pile area in addition to other contributions for risk, including the semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) and the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor-1254, based on concentrations detected at the same hot spot location for surface soil. Contaminants of concern (COCs) identified in soil at SWMU 16 were BEHP, Aroclor-1254, and trichloroethene (TCE). COCs identified in groundwater included 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene (DCE), 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, cis-1,2-DCE, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, TCE, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, BEHP, and beryllium.

The Final CMS was written for both SWMU 16 and the adjacent site, SWMU 17, (Tetra Tech, 2011) and recommended a permeable vegetative soil cover with LUCs, selected debris removal, and hot spot soil removal. The groundwater remedy recommended active treatment by enhanced bioremediation in the area of the high-concentration TCE plume and secondary methods including monitored natural attenuation, monitoring, LUCs, and phytoremediation for the balance of the plume. The high-concentration areas of the TCE plume are within SWMU 17. SCDHEC approved the final CMS in June 2012; the Statement of Basis for SWMU 16 was subsequently prepared and included a permeable vegetative cover with LUCs, select debris removal, and hot spot removal for soil. The groundwater remedy of enhanced bioremediation of the TCE plume focused on SWMU 17 and extended the SWMU 17 boundary slightly to the west to address any potential TCE contamination remaining on SWMU 16. The SWMU 16 and SWMU 17 boundaries can be seen in Figure 2-1. For the sake of brevity and simplicity, reference documents pertaining to former known or suspected sources of groundwater contamination originating from the landfill are cited within this section and not on Figure 2-1. Enhanced bioremediation is presently on-going at SWMU 17 (Joint Base Charleston Weapons, 2013).

In 2012, SCDHEC further approved the Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI) 100 percent (%) Design Package (Tetra Tech, 2012), which included the basis of design, design drawings, and a specification package for the CMS recommending alternatives for SWMU 16 soil. In 2015, SCDHEC approved the SWMU 16 Draft CMI Construction Completion Report (CCR) (CAPE Environmental Management, Inc. [CAPE], 2015b). Comments on the report included the determination that the remedy for SWMU 16 soil would be the removal of the contaminated hot spot soil (i.e., lead), removal of surface debris, installation of a landfill cover system, and LUCs.

The location of the former contaminated hot spot soil is included in the CCR. In addition, the remedy for SWMU 16 groundwater was selected to be continued monitoring with LUCs. CAPE completed the excavation of the hot spot at SWMU 16 (CAPE, 2015b), and at the completion of the excavation and the installation of the landfill cover in September 2015, monitoring re-commenced. The first year of monitoring was conducted by EnviroSmart on behalf of CAPE. In September 2016, monitoring transitioned to AECOM as part of the JBC performance-based remediation contract. As part of the 2020 Annual Monitoring Report, a recommendation was made to remove biennial sampling for pesticides, PCBs and mercury from the sampling protocol (AECOM, 2021). This recommendation was approved by SCDHEC in a letter dated February 24, 2021.

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1.5 Land Use Controls

LUCs are included in the remedy for SWMU 16 as cited in the JBC Weapons RCRA Permit. LUCs were selected as part of the remedy in the approved 2012 CMS for SWMU 16. The LUCs include restricted site access, digging restrictions, and a prohibition on installation of drinking water wells.

Landfill O&M inspections and LUC inspections are conducted annually (August 9, 2022). As part of the 2020 Annual Monitoring Report, a recommendation was made to reduce inspection frequency from semi-annual to annual (AECOM, 2021). This recommendation was approved by SCDHEC in a letter dated February 24, 2021. A copy of the 2022 LUC inspection checklists may be found in Appendix A. Inspections are conducted using the most recent site-specific LUC Monitoring Checklist in accordance with the JBC Weapons RCRA Permit. Further discussion of LUC inspections and O&M activities may be found in Section 2.2.

1.6 Site Hydrology

Groundwater elevations calculated during the 2022 monitoring event ranged from 0.41 to 1.65 feet above mean sea level (amsl). Overall groundwater flow direction is generally towards the east in the area of SWMU 16. The general direction of groundwater flow at both low and high tide as determined in 2011 is shown in Figure 2-1. Water levels at high tide were not able to be collected in 2022 as the wells, which are located within the tidal marsh zone of Goose Creek, were inaccessible. Water levels are generally not collected at high tide due to the significant safety hazard to field staff. The potentiometric map generated by data collected in 2022 is shown in Figure 2-2. Additional details concerning the water level measurements obtained during the August 2022 monitoring event are provided in Section 2.1.1.

1.7 Precipitation and Recharge

JBC Weapons is situated in a temperate to subtropical climate with mild winters, hot and humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Average daily temperatures in the summer range from 78 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to 82°F, with daily highs averaging between 87–91°F. The coastal location results in a cooling effect, which often helps keep temperatures several degrees cooler than those inland. Summer is the area’s wettest season, with 41% of total rainfall occurring during this period. However, cooling afternoon showers or thunderstorms are responsible for much of this rain.

From the start of autumn in late September continuing into early November, the weather is typically sunny, and temperature extremes are rare. Pre-winter cold spells generally occur by late November. In September, temperatures average 76°F. By November, the average daily temperature has fallen to 58°F. December through February is generally mild, with periods of rain and a slight chance of snow flurries in late December and early January. Daily temperatures average between 47–52°F. The region generally experiences its first freeze in early December, with the last freeze in late February (TEC-BSC Joint Venture, 2013).

Temperatures of 20°F or below rarely occur. From early March into early June, average temperatures range from 58–72°F (TEC-BSC Joint Venture, 2013).

1.8 Human Health Risk Evaluation

The Final CMS concluded that there was a significant potential health risk for current/future trespassers, current/future occupational workers, and future construction/excavation workers primarily as a result of exposure to lead in surface soil at one hot spot location from a debris pile area. Also, for the current/future occupational worker, other contributors to risk were BEHP and Aroclor-1254 based on concentrations detected at the same hot spot location for surface soils.

COCs identified in soil at SWMU 16 in the CMS were BEHP, Aroclor-1254, and TCE (TCE is also

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 1-4 BWJ140078 a COC within soil at nearby SWMU 17). The majority of COCs in SWMU 16 soil were removed as part of hot spot removal during the CMI. COCs identified in groundwater included 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1-DCE, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, cis-1,2-DCE, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride, BEHP, arsenic, and beryllium.

1.9 Ecological Risk Evaluation

A screening-level ecological risk assessment for SWMU 16 was conducted as part of the RFI.

Based on the SWMU 16 RFI, concerns were raised that execution of the CMS activities might cause harm to ecological receptors. Upon further evaluation no significant ecological risks were associated with surface soil, sediment, or surface water, although localized impacts were associated with removal of the debris pile hot spot (CMS activities) as noted in the Statement of Basis for SWMU 16 (JBC Weapons, 2013).

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ANNUAL MONITORING EVENT ACTIVITIES

2.1 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Activities

The 2022 annual monitoring at SWMU 16 was completed on August 9, 2022 and August 23, 2022. The monitoring event consisted of the following activities:

• Collecting water level measurements from four monitoring wells (Table 2-1); and

• Collecting groundwater samples from four monitoring wells analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 8260B, SVOCs by USEPA Method 8270D, target analyte list (TAL) metals (minus mercury) by USEPA Method 6020B in accordance with the approved revised list of sampling parameters for SWMU 16 (SCDHEC, 2017). Groundwater sampling logs are found in Appendix B. See Table 2-2 for a summary of analysis by monitoring well. See Appendix C for the laboratory report listing all analytes and analytical methods.

The four shallow monitoring wells that were gauged for water levels and sampled in August 2022 are 16MW02S, 16MW03S, 16MW04S, and 16MW05S. Well construction details are provided in Table 2-1.

2.1.1 Water Level Measurements

A groundwater level measurement was collected from each of the four monitoring wells prior to purging and sampling. Water level measurements were made to the nearest 0.01 foot using an electric water level meter. The water level meter was decontaminated between monitoring wells to avoid cross contamination. Monitoring well construction information and 2022 groundwater elevations are included in Table 2-1.

Groundwater elevations in the four shallow monitoring wells gauged in August 2022 at low tide ranged from 0.41 to 1.65 feet amsl. Groundwater measurements during high tide could not be collected as the high tide prevented safe access to the wells. It is believed that high and low tides directly influence groundwater flow at SWMU 16 when compared to other sites in close proximity to Goose Creek or the Cooper River (SWMU 17). Groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer is generally towards the east, as indicated in Figure 2-1 and confirmed through previous groundwater elevation monitoring events. Groundwater flow during high tide as presented and noted on Figure 2-1 was determined during the 2011 monitoring event. A potentiometric map generated from low tide data showing the direction of groundwater flow during the August 2022 monitoring event is presented in Figure 2-2.

2.1.2 Groundwater Sampling

The locations of the monitoring wells are shown on Figure 2-1 and a summary of analysis by well is presented in Table 2-2. Groundwater samples were collected on August 9, 2022 and August 23, 2022 in accordance with the RCRA Permit using low-flow sampling techniques described in Worksheet #14 of the Uniform Federal Policy – Quality Assurance Project Plan, Performance Based Remediation, Basewide Groundwater and Land Use Control Monitoring, Joint Base Charleston (UFP-QAPP) (Bay West, 2016). Water quality indicator parameters were measured periodically during purging using a water quality meter with an inline flow-through cell. Water quality parameters included temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and turbidity. Purging was considered complete when parameters were stable for at least three consecutive readings within the limits defined in the UFP-QAPP Stabilization Criteria table (Bay West, 2016). Table 2-3 presents a summary of the field

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 2-2 BWJ140078 parameters collected at the conclusion of purging, immediately prior to sampling. These data are consistent with previous sampling. Groundwater sampling logs may be found in Appendix B.

A duplicate sample was collected from 16MW02S for all parameters listed in Table 2-2. A matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) was collected at 16MW05S. A trip blank was sent with the cooler containing VOCs. An equipment blank was not collected as sampling equipment and materials were disposable. All samples were sent to Pace Analytical Services, LLC (Pace, formerly Shealy Environmental Services, Inc.) of Columbia, South Carolina (SCDHEC Certification Number 32010001). Upon arrival at the laboratory, the temperature blank reading was 19.4 degrees Celsius, above the threshold for analysis for VOCs and SVOCs. Due to this, the VOC and SVOC samples were required to be collected again. This additional sampling was completed on August 23, 2022.

Investigation-derived waste was transported to the Base hazardous waste storage area for temporary storage. All purge water was containerized and secured in 55-gallon drums pending transport by Envirosmart. Following disposal, the final waste manifest and certificate of disposal will be delivered to the JBC hazardous waste department for their records. Copies of the non-hazardous waste manifest and certificate of disposal will be maintained by AECOM.

2.2 LUC and Landfill Operation & Maintenance Inspections

Landfill O&M inspections and LUC inspections are conducted annually as part of the CMI Work Plan for SWMU 16 (Cape, 2015a). The annual Landfill O&M inspection and LUC inspection took place on August 9, 2022, as presented in Appendix A. Review of the Site Inspection Checklist and LUC inspection notes that all fencing, signs, and security measures were in place and secure at the time of the inspection. Included in the 2022 annual LUC inspection are the Corrective Action Checklist, a photo set, and the annual LUC Site Inspection Checklist.

The straw wattles, installed around the north end of the drainage swale in 2017, were noted to be in good condition. Native spartina grass has started to grow in the area of the swale where erosion had been an issue, initially causing the wattles to be installed. Erosion mitigation measures were successful, and no additional mitigation or inspections are required at this time. Overall, the vegetative cover is doing well, and institutional controls are in place. The perimeter fencing (chain-link security fence) is in good condition.

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ANALYTICAL RESULTS

3.1 Nature and Extent of Contamination

During the 2022 annual monitoring event, groundwater samples were collected from four monitoring wells (16MW02S, 16MW03S, 16MW04S, and 16MW05S) for analysis of VOCs, SVOCs, and TAL metals (minus Mercury). A discussion of the results of the analytical sampling follows:

• No VOC or SVOC exceedances of project action levels (PALs) adopted from Worksheet #15 of the UFP-QAPP (Bay West, 2016) were detected during the 2022 monitoring event (Table 3-1).

• Arsenic exceeded the PAL of 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L) in 16MW03S at a concentration of 14 µg/L (Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1).

• Manganese exceeded the PAL of 430 µg/L in 16MW03S at a concentration of 540 µg/L (Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1).

Complete analytical results are presented as Appendix D. A summary of analytical detections in groundwater samples for the 2022 monitoring event is shown in Table 3-1. Laboratory Analytical Packages and Data Validation Reports are presented in Appendix C and Appendix E, respectively.

3.2 Nature of Contamination

Groundwater COCs identified in the 2012 CMS (Tetra Tech, 2012) included 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1-DCE, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, cis-1,2-DCE, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, BEHP, and beryllium (Tetra Tech, 2012).

In 2022, exceedances of arsenic and manganese were detected in monitoring well 16MW03S at concentrations of 14 µg/L and 540 µg/L, respectively, exceeding the PAL of 10 µg/L and 430 µg/L.

Arsenic is a site COC and the PAL for arsenic is the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL).

Manganese is not a site COC and the PAL for manganese is the USEPA Region Screening Level for tap water, hazard quotient = 1, May 2022. VOCs and SVOCs did not exceed the PALs during the sampling event. Table 3-1 presents a summary of the constituents detected at SWMU 16 and Figure 3-1 shows the location of the PAL exceedances during the 2022 monitoring event.

3.3 Extent of Contamination

During the 2022 groundwater monitoring event at SWMU 16, arsenic and manganese were detected above their respective PALs in monitoring well 16MW03S. The locations of the PAL exceedances are shown in Figure 3-1.

3.4 Data Validation

One hundred percent of the analytical data were reviewed based on USEPA National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Superfund Methods Data Review (USEPA, 2017a), USEPA National Functional Guidelines for Organic Superfund Methods Data Review (USEPA, 2017b), Department of Defense (DoD) Consolidated Quality Systems Manual for Environmental Laboratories, version 5.3 (DoD, 2018), and the Uniform Federal Policy – Quality Assurance Project Plan for Performance-Based Remediation, Basewide Groundwater, Surface Water, and Land Use Control Monitoring (Bay West, 2016). The data validation process included review of chains-of-custody, sample condition receipt forms, field duplicate sample relative percent

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 3-2 BWJ140078 differences (RPDs), surrogate recoveries, method/trip blanks, laboratory control sample/laboratory control sample duplicate (LCS/LCSD) recoveries and RPDs, and MS/MSD recoveries and RPDs. Data was evaluated to verify the achievement of precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, comparability, and sensitivity goals established to meet the project data quality objectives.

Results of the evaluation suggest representative samples were collected and analyzed, and the results are representative of the media analyzed. The overall quality of the data collected is discussed in the Data Validation Reports provided in Appendix X. Data qualifiers were added to the data as a result of the validation process (MS recoveries and MS/MSD RPDs); however, the data reflect expected site conditions and should be considered compliant and adequate for their intended purpose.

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CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions can be drawn following the August 2022 monitoring event.

• No exceedances of VOCs or SVOCs were detected during the 2022 monitoring event.

• Arsenic was detected in 16MW03S at a concentration of 14 µg/L, exceeding the PAL of 10 µg/L (Table 3-1). Arsenic is considered a SWMU 16 COC.

• Manganese was detected in 16MW03S at a concentration of 540 µg/L, exceeding the PAL of 430 µg/L (Table 3-1). Manganese is not considered a SWMU 16 COC.

• The August 2022 monitoring event presents results that are generally consistent with previous monitoring events at the site.

• The current monitoring well network is sufficient to meet the goals of annual groundwater monitoring (SCDHEC, 2015).

• The annual LUC Inspection during 2022 documented institutional controls are in place and functioning as intended and that the vegetative cover is in good condition. General maintenance to the vegetative cover, including mowing, was completed in 2022. In areas along the sides of the vegetative cover that are influenced by tidal action, native spartina grasses have sprouted now and partially cover these areas. Erosion along the northern drainage swale has been successfully mitigated using straw wattles and requires no additional mitigation or frequent inspections.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the results of 2022 groundwater monitoring, the following path forward is recommended for monitoring at SWMU 16:

1. Continue sampling for VOCs, SVOCs, and TAL metals, minus mercury, from the four SWMU 16 monitoring wells.

2. Continue annual LUC and Landfill O&M inspections.

3. Continue annual water level data collection from the four SWMU 16 monitoring wells. The water levels will be collected during the annual LUC and Landfill O&M Inspections and during annual groundwater sampling events.

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REFERENCES

AECOM, 2021. 2020 Annual Monitoring Report, SWMU 16 (LF016). April.

Bay West, 2016. Uniform Federal Policy – Quality Assurance Project Plan, Performance-Based

Remediation, Basewide Groundwater and Land Use Control Monitoring, Joint Base Charleston Weapons, South Carolina. January.

CAPE, 2015a. Draft Final Corrective Measures Implementation Work Plan, Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 16 – Old Southside Landfill, Joint Base Charleston Weapons, Charleston, South Carolina, June.

CAPE, 2015b. Draft Final Corrective Measures Implementation Construction Completion Report, Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 16 – Old Southside Landfill, Joint Base Charleston Weapons, Charleston, South Carolina.

Department of Defense, 2018. Consolidated Quality Systems Manual for Environmental Laboratories, Version 5.1.1.

Joint Base Charleston Weapons, 2013. Statement of Basis SWMU 16 and SWMU 17. March.

Kearney/Centaur Division, 1988. Interim RCRA Facility Assessment Report, Naval Weapons

Station, Charleston, SC. May.

SCDHEC, 2015. Letter from Ms. Christi Pickett of SCDHEC to Mr. Hayes Patterson, Jr. JBC-

Weapons dated September 28, 2015 regarding Conditional Approval of the Draft Final Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI) Construction Completion Report (CCR) for SWMU 16. September.

SCDHEC, 2017. Letter from Ms. Christi Pickett of SCDHEC to Mr. Hayes Patterson, Jr. JBC- Weapons dated regarding Conditional Approval of the Draft Final 2016 Annual Monitoring Report for SWMU 16. August.

TEC-BSC Joint Venture, 2013. 2012 Annual Monitoring Report: SWMU 16 Old Southside Landfill, Joint Base Charleston Weapons, Charleston, South Carolina. August.

Tetra Tech, 2008. RFI Report Old Southside Landfill – SWMU 16 Oil Southside Missile and Waste Oil Disposal Area – SWMU 17, Naval Weapons Station, Charleston, South Carolina.

March.

Tetra Tech, 2011. Corrective Measures Study for SWMU 16 – Old Southside Landfill and SWMU 17 – Old Southside Missile and Waste Oil Disposal Area, Naval Weapons Station, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina. Revision 2, April.

Tetra Tech, 2012. 100 Percent Design Corrective Measures Implementation, SWMU 16 – Old Southside Landfill, Joint Baes Charleston Weapons, Charleston, South Carolina, December.

USEPA, 2017a. National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Superfund Methods Data Review, USEPA, 2017b. National Functional Guidelines for Organic Superfund Methods Data Review.

Contract FA8903-15-C-0016 BWJ140078

Figures

SWMU 16

Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community

Figure 1-1

SWMU 16

Site Location Map

Drawn By: Date Drawn/Revised: Project No.1/25/2022

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LLM

0 3,000 6,0001,500 Feet

0 1,000 2,000500 Meters µ Joint Base Charleston Weapons Charleston, South Carolina

SWMU 16

Joint Base Charleston- Weapons Boundary

60444074

SC

Joint Base Charleston

! A

! A

! A

Wilkinson Way

SWMU 18

SWMU 17

SWMU 16

16MW05S

16MW04S

16MW03S

16MW02S

Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community

\\u sn ch 1f p0

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\d at a\ w or k\

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Figure 2-1 SWMU 16 Site Map

Drawn By: CSB Date Drawn/Revised: Project No. 604440741/25/2022 µ

SOUTH CAROLINA

Joint Base Charleston

Joint Base Charleston - Weapons Charleston, South Carolina

Map Projection: NAD 1983 StatePlane South Carolina FIPS 3900 Feet

! A Monitoring Wells° Groundwater Flow Direction (Low Tide)° Groundwater Flow Direction (High Tide) SWMU 16 & 17 LUC Boundary SWMU 16 Boundary Original SWMU 17 Boundary Current SWMU 17 Boundary SWMU 18 Boundary

0 200 400100 Feet

0 50 10025 Meters

Note: Groundwater flow directions are based on water levels obtained during low and high tides on 05/17/2011.

! A

! A

Wilkinson Way

(1.23)

(0.91)

(1.65)

(0.41)

SWMU 18

1.2

1.4

0.8

0.6

SWMU 17

SWMU 16

16MW05S

16MW04S

16MW03S

16MW02S

1.6

Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community

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Figure 2-2

SWMU 16

Groundwater Contour Map August 2022

Drawn By: CSB Date Drawn/Revised: Project No. 604440748/10/2022 µ

SOUTH CAROLINA

Joint Base Charleston

Joint Base Charleston - Weapons Charleston, South Carolina

Map Projection: NAD 1983 StatePlane South Carolina FIPS 3900 Feet

! A Monitoring Wells° Groundwater Flow Direction Groundwater Elevation ft amsl (August 2022) Groundwater Contour (August 2022) SWMU 16 & 17 LUC Boundary SWMU 16 Boundary Original SWMU 17 Boundary Current SWMU 17 Boundary SWMU 18 Boundary

0 200 400100 Feet

0 50 10025 Meters

(0.9)

! A

! A

Wilkinson Way

SWMU 18

SWMU 17

SWMU 16

16MW05S

16MW04S

16MW03S

16MW02S

Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community

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ae co m ne t.c om

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ER

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SN

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Figure 3-1

SWMU 16

PAL Exceedances Map

Drawn By: CSB Date Drawn/Revised: Project No. 6044407411/18/2022 µ

SOUTH CAROLINA

Joint Base Charleston

Joint Base Charleston - Weapons Charleston, South Carolina

Map Projection: NAD 1983 StatePlane South Carolina FIPS 3900 Feet

! A Monitoring Wells° Groundwater Flow Direction (Low Tide)° Groundwater Flow Direction (High Tide)

SWMU 16 & 17 LUC Boundary

SWMU 16 Boundary

Original SWMU 17 Boundary

SWMU 18 Boundary

0 200 400100 Feet

0 50 10025 Meters

Note: Groundwater flow directions are based on water levels obtained during low and high tides on 05/17/2011.

See Table 3-1 for Notes, Screening Levels and Data Qualifiers.

08/09/22, 08/23/22 * Analyte PAL Arsenic 10 Manganese 430

(µg/L)

16-16MW03S

Tables

Table 2-1 Well Construction Details and Groundwater Elevation Data

SWMU 16 (LF016), August 2022 Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Monitoring Well Date Top of Casing

Elevation (feet amsl)

Screened Interval (feet bgs)

Total Well Depth (feet BTOC)

Depth to Water (feet BTOC)

Groundwater Elevation

(feet amsl)

16MW02S 8/9/2022 4.72 3.0 - 13.0 18.35 4.31 0.41

16MW03S 8/9/2022 4.91 3.0 - 13.0 16.52 3.26 1.65

16MW04S 8/9/2022 4.29 3.0 - 13.0 16.51 3.38 0.91

16MW05S 8/9/2022 4.42 3.0 - 13.0 16.38 3.19 1.23

Notes:

amsl - above mean sea level bgs - below ground surface BTOC - below top of casing

Table 2-2 Summary of Analytical Parameters by Well

SWMU 16 (LF016), August 2022 Joint Base Charleston Weapons

3rd Quarter 16-16MW02S-G-1 X X X 3rd Quarter 16-16MW03S-G-1 X X X 3rd Quarter 16-16MW04S-G-1 X X X 3rd Quarter 16-16MW05S-G-1 X X X

Notes:

COC - constituent of concern

SWMU - solid waste management unit

16MW02S*

16MW03S

16MW04S

16MW05S**

COCsSWMU 16

Sampling Location ID Number Sampling Schedule

Vo la til e

O rg an ic s (S

W

0B

Se m iv ol at ile

O rg an ic s (S

W

0D

TA

L

M et al s, m in us

M er cu ry

(S W

-8

0B

2) **An MS/MSD was collected from the well location noted above. The samples was identified as follows:

16-16MW05S-G-1-MS/16-16MW05S-G-1-MSD.

1) *A duplicate was collected from the well location noted above. The duplicate sample was identified as follows: 16-

16MW02S-G-1-D.

ID - identification

TAL - target analyte list

Table 2-3 Summary of Groundwater Field Parameters

SWMU 16 (LF016), August 2022 Joint Base Charleston Weapons

16MW02S 16MW03S 16MW04S 16MW05S

8/9/2022 8/9/2022 8/9/2022 8/9/2022 Temperature ˚C 32 25.9 25.9 25.1 pH SU 6.78 6.59 6.77 6.81 Conductivity mS/cm 25.37 27.36 28.14 27.7

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 0.45 0.34 0.46 0.65 ORP mV -349.1 -343.7 -349.5 -356.1

Turbidity NTU 2.79 3.26 2.17 8.19 Field Measurements Units 8/23/2022 8/23/2022 8/23/2022 8/23/2022

Temperature ˚C 27.6 25.0 24.4 24.8 pH SU 6.95 6.85 6.73 6.91

Conductivity mS/cm 23.15 25.93 23.58 24.89 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 2.01 2.25 0.21 1.10

ORP mV -353.2 -351.6 -335.9 -352.1 Turbidity NTU 6.07 2.56 2.73 3.76

Notes:

°C = degrees Celsius mg/L = milligrams per liter mS/cm = milliSiemens per centimeter mV = millivolt

SU = standard units

Field Measurements Units

Sample Identification and Date Collected

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units ORP - oxidation reduction potential

Table 3-1 Summary of Groundwater Analytical Detections

SWMU 16 (LF016), August 2022 Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Sample Location 16-16MW02S 16-16MW02S 16-16MW03S Sample Name 16-16MW02S-G-1 16-16MW02S-G-1-d 16-16MW03S-G-1 Sample Type Primary Field Duplicate Primary Sample Date 08/09/22, 08/23/22 * 08/09/22, 08/23/22 * 08/09/22, 08/23/22 *

Analyte RSL MCL PAL MDL Semivolatile Organic Compounds by 8270E (µg/L) Acenaphthene 530 NA 530 0.04 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.5 Metals by 6020B (µg/L) Aluminum 20000 NA 20000 20 < 2000 < 2000 75 Arsenic 0.052 10 10 2.5 < 250 < 250 14 Barium 3800 2000 2000 2.5 210 210 42 Calcium NA NA NA 20000 200000 200000 190000 Chromium, total 22000 100 100 1.3 < 250 < 250 1.8 J/ Iron 14000 NA 14000 25 < 2500 < 2500 74 Magnesium NA NA NA 20000 510000 510000 550000 Manganese 430 NA 430 130 350 J/ 350 J/ 540 Potassium NA NA NA 20000 130000 130000 150000 Sodium NA NA NA 300000 3800000 3600000 4000000 Zinc 6000 NA 6000 2.5 < 500 < 500 3.9 J/

Sample Location 16-16MW04S 16-16MW05S Sample Name 16-16MW04S-G-1 16-16MW05S-G-1

Sample Type Primary Primary Sample Date 08/09/22, 08/23/22 * 08/09/22, 08/23/22 *

Analyte RSL MCL PAL MDL Semivolatile Organic Compounds by 8270E (µg/L) Acenaphthene 530 NA 530 0.04 0.093 J/ < 0.1 Metals by 6020B (µg/L) Aluminum 20000 NA 20000 20 < 2000 440 S/J Arsenic 0.052 10 10 2.5 < 250 7.3 S/ Barium 3800 2000 2000 2.5 73 49 /J Calcium NA NA NA 20000 180000 200000 S/J Chromium, total 22000 100 100 1.3 < 250 2 JS/ Iron 14000 NA 14000 25 < 2500 320 S/J Magnesium NA NA NA 20000 520000 550000 S/J Manganese 430 NA 430 130 280 J/ 320 J/ Potassium NA NA NA 20000 130000 140000 S/J Sodium NA NA NA 300000 3700000 4200000 S/J Zinc 6000 NA 6000 2.5 < 500 11 S/J Notes:

* - Metals were analyzed from samples collected on 08/09/22; SVOCs were analyzed from samples collected on 08/23/22.

MCL = U.S. EPA Maximum Contaminant Level, March 2018.

MDL = method detection limit (minimum value is shown, may be higher for dilutions) NA = no applicable standard PAL = project action level (MCL, if available; otherwise, RSL) RSL = U.S. EPA Regional Screening Level for tap water, HQ=1, May 2022.

Bolded values indicate detected analyte Values in italics exceed the RSL Underlined values exceed the MCL Highlighted values exceed the PAL Gray shading/red font indicates MDL > PAL

Data Qualifiers The "/" separates the laboratory added data qualifiers from the validation data qualifiers. The laboratory added data qualifiers precede the "/," and the validation qualifiers follow the "/."

J/ - Estimated result less than the Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) and greater than or equal to the Method Detection Limit (MDL).

S/ - MS/MSD failure.

/J - The analyte was positively identified; the associated numerical value is the approximate concentration of the analyte in the sample.

Appendix A Land Use Control Inspection Forms

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

Client Name:

AFCEC

Site Location: SWMU 16, 2022 Annual Inspection, Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Project No.

60444074

Photo No.

Date:

8/9/2022

Description:

Wilkinson Way facing North

Photo No.

Wilkinson Way facing South

AFCEC

Site Location: SWMU 16, 2022 Annual Inspection, Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Project No.

60444074

Photo No.

SWMU 16 vegetative cover facing east towards Wilkinson Way

SWMU 16 cap facing east standing mid-site

AFCEC

Site Location: SWMU 16, 2022 Annual Inspection, Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Project No.

60444074

Photo No.

SWMU 16, interface of tidal area and landfill cover, looking northwest.

SWMU 16, tidal area looking southwest.

AFCEC

Site Location: SWMU 16, 2022 Annual Inspection, Joint Base Charleston Weapons

Project No.

60444074

Photo No.

SWMU 16, tidal marsh.

SWMU 16 warning sign

Appendix B

Field Documentation

Appendix C Laboratory Analytical Report

The electronic signature above is the equivalent of a handwritten signature.

This report shall not be reproduced, except in its entirety, without the written approval of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.

Pace Analytical Services, LLC (formerly Shealy Environmental Services, Inc.)

106 Vantage Point Drive West Columbia, SC 29172 Tel: 803-791-9700 Fax: 803-791-9111 www.pacelabs.com

Report of Analysis

AECOM

4016 Salt Pointe Parkway North Charleston, SC 29405 Attention: Shawn Dolan

Project Name: JBC Weapons SWMU 16

Project Number: 60444074.0016AF.H

Lot Number:XH10019

Date Completed:09/02/2022

09/02/2022 1:45 PM

Approved and released by:

Project Manager II: Kathy E. Smith

PACE ANALYTICAL SERVICES, LLC

SC DHEC No: 32010001 NELAC No: E87653 NC DENR No: 329 NC Field Parameters No: 5639

Pace Analytical Services, LLC (formerly Shealy Environmetal Services, Inc.)

106 Vantage Point Drive West Columbia, SC 29172 (803) 791-9700 Fax (803) 791-9111 www.pacelabs.com

Case Narrative

AECOM

Lot Number: XH10019

This Report of Analysis contains the analytical result(s) for the sample(s) listed on the Sample Summary following this Case Narrative. The sample receiving date is documented in the header information associated with each sample.

All results listed in this report relate only to the samples that are contained within this report. Where sampling is conducted by the client, results relate to the accuracy of the information provided, and as the samples are received.

Sample receipt, sample analysis, and data review have been performed in accordance with the most current approved The NELAC Institute (TNI) standards, the Pace Analytical Services, LLC ("Pace") Laboratory Quality Manual, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and Pace policies. Additionally, the DoD QSM version 5.3 has been followed for these samples. Any exceptions to the TNI standards, the Laboratory Quality Manual, SOPs, the DoD QSM, or policies are qualified on the results page or discussed below.

Pace is a TNI accredited laboratory; however, the following analyses are currently not listed on our TNI scope of accreditation: Drinking Water: VOC (excluding BTEX, MTBE, Naphthalene, & 1,2-dichloroethane) EPA 524.2, E. coli and Total coliforms SM 9223 B-2004, Solid Chemical Material: TOC Walkley-Black, Biological Tissue: All, Non-Potable Water: SGT-HEM EPA 1664B, Silica EPA 200.7, Boron, Calcium, Silicon, Strontium EPA 200.8, Bicarbonate, Carbonate, and Hydroxide Alkalinity SM 2320 B-2011, SM 9221 C E-2006 & SM 9222D-2006, Strontium SW-846 6010D, VOC SM 6200 B-2011, Fecal Coliform Colilert-18.

If you have any questions regarding this report, please contact the Pace Project Manager listed on the cover page.

Samples were received with a cooler temperature of 19.4C. All analyese were cancelled except for metals.

The MS/MSD associated with sample XH10019-003 had compounds recovered outside of the acceptance limits. The LCS was recovered within the required acceptance limits; therefore, this demonstrates a matrix effect and data quality is not impacted.

Sample SummaryAECOM Lot Number: XH10019

Project Name: JBC Weapons SWMU 16 Project Number: 60444074.0016AF.H

Sample Number Sample ID Matrix Date Sampled Date Received 001 08/09/2022 113016-16MW03S-G-1 Aqueous 08/10/2022 002 08/09/2022 113016-16MW03S-G-1-c Aqueous 08/10/2022 003 08/09/2022 123416-16MW05S-G-1 Aqueous 08/10/2022 004 08/09/2022 135516-16MW04S-G-1 Aqueous 08/10/2022 005 08/09/2022 152016-16MW02S-G-1 Aqueous 08/10/2022 006 08/09/2022 152016-16MW02S-G-1-d Aqueous 08/10/2022

(6 samples)

106 Vantage Point Drive West Columbia, SC 29172 (803) 791-9700 Fax (803) 791-9111 www.pacelabs.comPace Analytical Services, LLC (formerly Shealy Environmental Services, Inc.)

Detection SummaryAECOM

Lot Number: XH10019

Project Number:…