Section_32_17_23_Pavement_Markings.docx
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SECTION 32 17 23 PAVEMENT MARKINGS
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SECTION 32 17 23
SECTION 32 17 23
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
| PART 1 | GENERAL |
| 1.1 | SECTION INCLUDES |
| A. | Paints for Pavement striping. |
| B. | Words and other markings in paint or plastic film. |
| C. | One or two-way prismatic reflectors for Pavement marking. |
| 1.2 | REFERENCES |
| A. | AASHTO M 247: Standard Specification for Glass Beads Used in Traffic Paint. |
| B. | AASHTO M 248: Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed White and Yellow Traffic Paints. |
| C. | AASHTO M 249: Standard Specification for White and Yellow Reflective Thermoplastic Striping Material (Solid Form). |
| D. | ASTM D 638: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. |
| E. | ASTM E 303: Standard Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester. |
| F. | FS L-S-300: Sheeting and Tape, Reflective: Nonexposed Lens. |
| G. | Federal Standard 141: Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials, Methods of Inspection, Sampling, and Testing. |
| H. | Federal Standard 370: Instrumental Photometric Measurements of Retroflective Materials and Retroreflective Devices. |
| I. | MUTCD: Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. |
| 1.3 | SUBMITTALS |
| A. | Specifications of primer to be used for tape applications. |
| B. | Manufacturer's affidavit certifying paint products meet or exceed material requirements of this section. |
| C. | Sample of prismatic reflector to be used along with manufacturer's statement of the reflector's minimum reflective area and specific intensity at the 0.2 degree observation angle. |
| D. | Manufacturer's recommendation for type of epoxy to be used when installing prismatic reflectors and markers. |
| E. | Samples of each thermoplastic or preformed plastic pavement markings along with a statement of how the materials will be applied. |
| F. | Descriptive data of high-pressure paint removal equipment including area of coverage per pass, range of water pressures, and water tank capacity. |
| F. | Control point locations shall be approved by COR prior to commencement of striping operations. |
| PART 2 | PRODUCTS |
| 2.1 | ALKYD RESIN PAINT |
| A. | White or yellow Type F (Fast dry) ready-mixed, AASHTO M 248. |
| 2.2 | THERMOPLASTIC PAINT |
| A. | White or yellow, AASHTO M 249. |
| 2.3 | GLASS BEADS |
| A. | Type 1, AASHTO M 247. |
| 2.4 | REFLECTIVE TAPE |
| A. | Type II white or yellow with a Class 1 (pressure-sensitive) adhesive, FS L-S-300. |
| 2.5 | PREFORMED PLASTIC FILM MATERIALS |
| A. | Film: A retroflective pliant polymer with white or yellow pigments selected and blended to conform to standard highway colors throughout the expected life of the film and glass beads distributed throughout its base cross-sectional area, with a reflective layer of beads bonded to the top surface and composed of the following materials. |
| Materials |
| Minimum Percent By Weight |
| Resing and Plasiticizers |
| 20 |
| Pigments and Extenders |
| 30 |
| Graded Glass Beads |
| 33 |
| 1. | Type 1: Subjected to high traffic volume and severe wear conditions such as repeated shear action from crossover, encroachment on edge and channelization lines, and stop, start, or turn movements. |
| a. | Class 1: Without precoated adhesive, for application with epoxy cement. |
| b. | Class 2: With precoated pressure sensitive adhesive. |
| 2. | Type 2: Subjected to lower traffic volumes and less severe wear action such as most highway edge lines, markings on rural highways, lane lines in well-channelized areas and transverse and word/symbols subjected primarily to free rolling traffic. |
| a. | Class 1: Without precoated adhesive, for application with epoxy cement. |
| b. | Class 2: With precoated pressure sensitive adhesive |
| B. | Tensile Strength: Sample 6 x 1 x 0.06 inches at a temperature between 70 deg. F. and 80 deg. F. using a jaw speed of 10 inches to 12 inches per minute tested per ASTM D 638 requirements. |
| 1. | Type 1: 150 pounds per square inch of cross-section. |
| 2. | Type 2: 40 pounds per square inch of cross-section. |
| C. | Elongation: 75 percent minimum at break when tested per ASTM D 638 requirements using a Sample 6 x 1 x 0.06 inches at a jaw speed of 10 inches to 12 inches per minute. |
| D. | Skid Resistance: Initial minimum skid resistance values are 35 BPN as measured by the British Portable Skid Test, ASTM E 303 requirements. |
| E. | Reflectance: Minimum reflectance values at 0.2 degrees and 0.5 degrees observation angles and 86.0 degrees entrance angle as measured per the testing procedures of Federal Standard 370. |
Film Type Observation Angles
| White |
| Yellow |
| 0.2o |
| 0.5o |
| 0.2o |
| 0.5o |
| Type 1: SL (mcd/sf/fc) |
| 550 |
| 380 |
| 410 |
| 250 |
| Type 2: SL (mcd/sf/fc) |
| 960 |
| 760 |
| 680 |
| 510 |
1. The photometric quantity is measured in specific luminance (SL), and expressed as millicandelas per square foot per footcandle (mcd/sf/fc).
| 2. | Use a test distance 50 feet and a Sample size of 2. x 2.5 feet. |
| 3. | Use an angular aperture of both the photoreceptor and light projector of 6 minutes of arc. |
| 4. | The reference center is the geometric center of the Sample, and the reference axis is taken perpendicular to the test Sample. |
| F. | Film Reflectivity Retention: Not more than 15 percent of the beads lost due to popout and the predominate mode of Failure is "wear down" of the beads, when subjected to 200 cycles of a Taber Abraser Simulation test using an H-18 wheel and 125 gram load. |
| G. | Thickness: 0.06 inch without adhesive. |
| H. | Effective Performance Life: The film, when applied according to the recommendations of the manufacturer, will provide a neat, durable marking that will not flow or distort due to temperature if the Pavement surface remains stable. Although reflectivity is apply wear, the pliant polymer will provide a cushioned, resilient substrate that reduces bead crushing and loss. Use a film that shows no appreciable fading, lifting, or shrinkage throughout the useful life of the marking, and shows no significant tearing, roll back, or other signs of poor adhesion. |
| I. | Abrasion Resistance: Use a material that when tested will not wear through to the conformable backing surface in less than 5,000 cycles when tested per Federal Standard 141, Method 6192, using a CS-17 wheel and a 1,000 gram load. |
| J. | Acid Resistance: Use a material that will show resistance to etching, hazing, or delamination of bead surface after exposure to a 1 percent solution of sulfuric acid. |
| PART 3 | EXECUTION |
| 3.1 | EQUIPMENT |
| A. | Use equipment manufactured for Pavement marking. Use workers experienced in operating such equipment. |
| B. | Use equipment capable of applying a strip, or strips with a width tolerance of plus or minus 1/4 inch. Equip the machine with an automatic skip control giving a 10 feet long marked segment and a 30 feet long gap within a linear tolerance of 6 inches over that cycle. |
| C. | If applying glass beads, locate bead applicator directly behind and synchronized with marking applicator. |
| D. | For thermoplastic paint materials, use equipment that is designed to agitate the paint to prevent scorching, discoloration, or excessive high temperatures. |
| A. | Paint removal equipment for airfield: Vehicular-mounted hydraulic system capable of delivering high-pressure water impact upon the pavement surface less or greater than 8,000 pounds per square inch. |
| 1. | If high-pressure water is delivered from a spray bar, the nozzles shall be spaced to provide total coverage of the area being treated. The nozzle line shall have adjustable pressure regulators or relief valves and gauges measuring actual line pressure. |
| 2. | Equipment shall be supported on pneumatic tires. |
| 3. | Provide equipment, tools, and machinery which are safe and in satisfactory condition at all times. |
| 3.2 | PREPARATION |
| A. | Existing paint removal: Remove 80 percent of loose, flaking paint. Hard, firm paint that has the surface chalk removed may remain. |
| 1. | Remove designated paint marking to the required degree of removal without damaging the existing pavement, joint sealant, and other airfield appurtenances. Contractor shall be responsible for repairing any damage caused by the removal work at no additional cost to the Government. |
| 2. | Remove all residue from the pavement. Obtain the approval of residue removal and disposal method prior to beginning work. |
| B. | Broom or flush the surface to remove dirt, loose stones, or other foreign material immediately prior to applying markings. |
| B. | Prior to applying, establish and mark control points along roadway. Establish points on tangent at least every 100 feet and at 25 feet long intervals on curves. Maintain the line within 1 inch of the established control points. Plans or COR may also designate other Pavement striping locations such as stop bars, crosswalks, zebra striping, etc. |
| C. | Markings that adhere to asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete by either a pressure sensitive precoated adhesive or an epoxy cement shall mold to the Pavement contours by traffic action at normal Pavement temperatures and shall be ready for traffic immediately after application. |
| D. | Begin Pavement painting and marking operations not later than 24 hours after receipt of approval by COR. |
| E. | Apply striping and markings per plans and MUTCD requirements. |
| F. | Apply all materials in accordance with manufacturer's and COR's directions. |
| 3.3 | APPLICATION |
| A. | Apply pavement paintings and markings only when Pavement surface is dry and air temperature is above 40 deg. F. during daylight hours. |
| B. | Do not apply paints and markings when rain is anticipated within 12 hours. |
| 3.4 | ALKYD RESIN PAINT STRIPING |
| A. | Adjust pavement striping machine to apply paint at rate recommended by paint manufacturer. |
| B. | Glass Bead Application Rate: |
| 1. | Roads: 5.9 to 6.1 pounds per gallon of paint. |
| 2. | Airfield pavements: 10 pounds, plus or minus 0.5 pounds, of glass beads per gallon of paint. |
| C. | Protect the markings until dry by placing approved guarding or warning device wherever necessary. Remove any markings not authorized or smeared or otherwise damaged, or correct as approved by COR. |
| 3.5 | THERMOPLASTIC PAINT STRIPING |
| A. | Clean off dirt, glaze, and grease before prestriping. |
| B. | Prestripe the application area with a binder material that will form, when sprayed, a continuous film over the Pavement surface, and will dry rapidly and mechanically adhere to the Pavement surface. Install the material in varying widths if indicated. |
| C. | Extrude the thermoplastic material at a temperature of 412 plus or minus 12 deg. F. from approved equipment to produce a line 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch thick, continuous and uniform in shape, and have clean and sharp dimensions. |
| D. | Do not use materials which produce fumes that are toxic, obnoxious, or injurious to persons or property. |
| E. | Apply so that finished lines have well-defined edges free of waviness. |
| F. | Glass Beads Application Rate: 6 pounds of glass beads to every 100 square feet of marking. |
| 3.6 | TAPE STRIPING |
| A. | Apply Pavement marking tape as indicated or directed. Establish control points and receive COR’s approval. |
| B. | Apply the tape only on surfaces that are dry and free of oils, grease, dust and dirt, and primed at the rate of approximately 1 quart per 60 feet with an approved primer material. |
| C. | Maintain the line on established control points. Apply intermittent Pavement marking tape 24 inches long, spaced approximately 100 feet on tangents, and approximately 25 feet on curves unless otherwise directed. The plans or COR may designate other Pavement striping locations such as stop bars, crosswalks, zebra striping, etc. |
| D. | Press down the tape immediately after application until it adheres and conforms to the surface of the Pavement. |
| E. | Completely remove all tape on sections where tape conflicts with revised traffic lanes prior to opening new lanes to traffic. |
| 3.7 | PAVEMENT MARKING FILMS |
| A. | Use Pavement marking films that are capable of being applied to new, dense, and open-graded asphalt concrete wearing courses during the paving operation in accordance manufacturer's instructions, and that are capable of conforming to Pavement contours through the action of traffic at normal Pavement temperatures. |
| B. | Use a Pavement marking film that is capable of use for patching worn areas of the same type film. |
| C. | Apply before traffic is allowed on the freshly paved surface. |
| D. | Unless indicated otherwise, provide Type C, Class II, polymer film markings in specified widths and shapes. Provide and layout words and marking symbol configurations per MUTCD requirements and as indicated. |
| E. | When indicated, inlay the markings in fresh asphalt surface by a compaction roller during the paving operation. |
| F. | Apply all markings in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. |
| 3.8 | WORDS AND OTHER MARKINGS |
| A. | Wet sandblast existing or temporary Pavement markings that may be confusing. Removal of markings by high-pressure water may be used if approved by COR. |
| B. | Apply word markings, letters, numerals and symbols with indicated stencils and templates. If not included in the MUTCD all stencils and templates shall be identical to those currently used by Government. |
| 3.10 | TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKINGS |
| A. | Renew when stripes and markings have lost 50 percent of their original visual effectiveness. |
END OF SECTION
PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 1
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