Lifting Standard.pdf

Approved: 2018-10-25 Measurement System Identification:

NASA TECHNICAL STANDARD

NASA-STD-8719.9B Change 1

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Approved: 2018-10-25 Superseding NASA-STD-8719.9B

LIFTING STANDARD

NASA-STD-8719.9B

DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG

Status Document

Revision Approval Date Description

Baseline 2002-05-09 Conversion of document to NASA-STD format.

Addition of sections on mobile aerial platforms, powered industrial trucks, and jacks. Addition of appendices on lifting personnel with a crane and using a crane to load test other lifting equipment.

Designation of an installation Lifting Devices and

Equipment Manager (LDEM) is also required.

Change 1 2007-10-01 Document revalidation without changes other than updates to Cover, Foreword (address), and

Revision Log.

Change 2 2012-09-28 Document revalidation without changes other than updates to Cover, Foreword (address), and

Revision Log.

Revision A 2015-08-13 Added a General LDE Requirements chapter containing requirements common to all LDE.

Deleted repetitive requirements from OSHA and

NCS throughout the document. Incorporated applicable NCS by reference throughout the document. Added new appendices referencing critical lift requirements and LDEM roles, approvals, and special permissions. Removed appendices that were duplicative of OSHA and

NCS.

Revision B 2018-10-25 Global: replaced “structural sling” with “below-the- hook lifting device”. Global: replaced “NCS” with “VCS”. Global: replaced “National

Consensus Standard” with “Voluntary Consensus

Standard”. Global: minor punctuation, formatting, and editorial changes. Foreword:

removed text regarding changes made in previous revision. 1.3.7 Added “Center/Facility” to clarify level of responsible organizations. 2.1 Updated the Applicable Documents General information.

2.1.2 Added document reference “ANSI/ITSDF

B56.14-2015 Safety Standard for Vehicle

Mounted Forklift Trucks. 3.1 Deleted acronym definition for “SARD” (not used); replaced

“NCS” with “VCS”. 3.2 Added definitions for

“attachment”, “below-the- hook-lifting device”, “non-load test slings, rigging hardware, and below-the-hook lifting devices”, and “periodic inspection”; modified “critical lift” definition to remove limit of 75% capacity on mobile cranes and clarify; deleted “lifting equipment”, and

“wire rope sling” definitions and incorporated in

“lifting devices and equipment”; modified “lifting device”, “load”, “periodic load test”, “rigging hardware”, “sling”, “structural sling” and configuration management definitions; modified

“nondestructive testing” definition to delete

“development and”, “replaced “national consensus standard” with “voluntary consensus standard” with the same definition, and deleted the definitions “can”, “may, “shall”, and

“should”. 4.2 Clarified responsibilities re: Critical lifts; deleted 75% limit on mobile cranes for critical lifts. 4.3.1 Added requirement for LDEM approval of safety hazard analysis of critical lift/custom LDE, with exclusion. 4.4.2 Added exclusion to requirement for LDEM approval of certain critical lift LDE. 4.5.2 Added note clarifying that periodic load tests are at a lower load than proof tests. 4.5.5 Clarified applicability of notes. 4.7.7 Added note for emphasis re:

OSHA rqmt. 4.7.10 Reinstated rqmt regarding assessing lifts of energetic materials, and reference to 8719.12. 4.9.2, 4.9.3, 4.9.4 Clarified marking requirements in notes. 4.11.2.3 Added reference to NPR 1800.1. 5.7.3 Clarified rqmts for use of OH cranes for load testing other LDE, allowed exceeding 50% of crane rating in certain cases. 5.9.2 Reinstated requirement for OH crane directional labeling. 6.7.2 Added section regarding ascertaining load weight in light of removal of limit on mobile crane critical lifts to

75% of crane rating. 6.7.7 Deleted redundant statement regarding use of operational aids.

7.4.1.1b Reworded for clarity and emphasis.

7.4.2.1, 7.4.2.5, 7.4.2.6 Allowed for use of hoist/winch with single upper limit and no lower limit switch for critical lifts with certain provisions. 7.7.8 Rewritten to allow exceeding

50% capacity when performing periodic load tests of items when items are freely hanging from the hook. 10.1.2 10.5 Clarified that high lift industrial truck attachments (as well as the truck) must comply with standards and mfr recommendations, and proof and periodic load test requirements. 10.3 Allowed exception to safety hazard analysis with LDEM approval.

10.5.2.5 Added requirement for load test of

forklift attachments.

10.6.2 Expanded the list of items on a forklift

requiring annual inspection. 10.9 Clarified that

OSHA and VCS require marking of industrial trucks to identify approved attachments. 13.6.3

Clarified NDT requirements for hooks. 14

Replaced “structural slings” with “below-the-hook lifting devices” throughout. 14.5.2.2 Add to note a sentence regarding who is manufacturer of an assembly with respect to determining testing.

14.5.2.3 Clarify meaning of “permanently

attached”. 14.5.2.4 Corrected proof load test requirement for consistency with VCS. 14.5.3.4

Reinstated provision exempting permanently attached hardware from periodic load test.

Appendix B Updated to reflect changes made elsewhere regarding critical lifts. Appendix C

Updated to reflect changes made elsewhere regarding LDEM roles, approvals, and special permissions. Appendix D added to provide recommended minimum LDEM qualifications.

Change 1 2022-01-18 Administrative changes associated with the release of NPR 8715.1, NPR 8715.3, and clarifications to Overhead Crane Wire Rope

Inspection: 1.4 Request for Relief -1.4.1 Rewrite to address Institutional request for relief process.

Adding “Institutional” to Safety, deleting “and

Mission Assurance” Added NPR 8715.1 reference, deleted NASA STD 8709.20 reference.

Change program to Programmatic. 3.2

Definitions Added * Certified Wire Rope

Inspector: Formatted * Physical Wire Rope

Inspection (PWRI): Formatted correctly * Visual

Wire Rope Inspection (VWRI): Formatted correctly Corrections Grammar- Dummy Load:

and Dummy Rated Load: from “typically” to

“typically,”

4.1.2 Delete NPR 8715.3 NASA General Safety

Program Requirement Add NPR 8715.3, Chapter

8: Lifting Devices and Equipment Safety Delete

Note : Chapter 5 - 5.6.1 New heading, “Overhead

Crane Inspection” , no change in content reformatted 5.6.2 New section added, clarification of Wire Rope Inspection.

A note concerning the history of this document:

The original NASA Safety Standard for Lifting Devices and Equipment was issued as

NSS/GO- 1740.9 in July 1982. In July 1988 it was revised, and Revision A was issued reflecting significant changes related to mobile cranes, hoist-supported personnel platforms, personnel lifting buckets, and guidance concerning super critical lifts. In

November 1991 it was revised again, and Revision B was issued which deleted the guidance on super critical lifts and added the NASA Alternate Standard for Suspended

Load Operations. Additional revisions were issued as change pages in March 1993 to expand operational test requirements for hoist-supported personnel lifting devices.

When the time came to update the standard again, in addition to the technical changes to the document (synopsized in the Revision Log above), the format and numbering were changed to reflect current practices and conventions for NASA Standards.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Document History Log Table of Contents List of Appendices

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Applicability

1.3 Order of Precedence

1.4 Request for Relief

1.5 Using this Standard

2. APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Applicable Documents

3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

3.2 Definitions

4. GENERAL LDE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

4.2 Classification of Lifts

4.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

4.4 Design

4.5 Testing

4.6 Inspection

4.7 Operation

4.8 Maintenance

4.9 Labeling and Tagging

4.10 Records

4.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

5. OVERHEAD CRANES

5.1 General

5.2 Classification of Lifts

5.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

5.4 Design

5.5 Testing

5.6 Inspection

5.7 Operation

5.8 Maintenance

5.9 Labeling and Tagging

5.10 Records

5.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

6. MOBILE CRANES AND DERRICKS

6.1 General

6.2 Classification of Lifts

6.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

6.4 Design

6.5 Testing

6.6 Inspection

6.7 Operation

6.8 Maintenance

6.9 Labeling and Tagging

6.10 Records

6.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

7. HOISTS AND WINCHES

7.1 General

7.2 Classification of Lifts

7.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

7.4 Design

7.5 Testing

7.6 Inspection

7.7 Operation

7.8 Maintenance

7.9 Labeling and Tagging

7.10 Records

7.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

8. HOIST-SUPPORTED PERSONNEL LIFTING DEVICES

8.1 General

8.2 Classification of Lifts

8.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

8.4 Design

8.5 Testing

8.6 Inspection

8.7 Operation

8.8 Maintenance

8.9 Labeling and Tagging

8.10 Records

8.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

9. MOBILE AERIAL PLATFORMS

9.1 General

9.2 Classification of Lifts

9.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

9.4 Design

9.5 Testing

9.6 Inspection

9.7 Operation

9.8 Maintenance

9.9 Labeling and Tagging

9.10 Records

9.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

10. HIGH LIFT INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

10.1 General

10.2 Classification of Lifts

10.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

10.4 Design

10.5 Testing

10.6 Inspection

10.7 Operation

10.8 Maintenance

10.9 Labeling and Tagging

10.10 Records

10.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

11. LOAD POSITIONING AND LOAD MEASURING DEVICES

11.1 General

11.2 Classification of Lifts

11.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

11.4 Design

11.5 Testing

11.6 Inspection

11.7 Operation

11.8 Maintenance

11.9 Labeling and Tagging

11.10 Records

11.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

12. JACKS

12.1 General

12.2 Classification of Lifts

12.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

12.4 Design

12.5 Testing

12.6 Inspection

12.7 Operation

12.8 Maintenance

12.9 Labeling and Tagging

12.10 Records

12.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

13. HOOKS

13.1 General

13.2 Classification of Lifts

13.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

13.4 Design

13.5 Testing

13.6 Inspection

13.7 Operation

13.8 Maintenance

13.9 Labeling and Tagging

13.10 Records

13.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

14. SLINGS, RIGGING HARDWARE, AND BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING

DEVICES

14.1 General

14.2 Classification of Lifts

14.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

14.4 Design

14.5 Testing

14.6 Inspection

14.7 Operation

14.8 Maintenance

14.9 Labeling and Tagging

14.10 Records

14.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

LIST OF APPENDICES

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ALTERNATE

STANDARD FOR SUSPENDED LOAD OPERATIONS

SUMMARY OF CRITICAL LIFT REQUIREMENTS

LDEM ROLES, APPROVALS, AND SPECIAL PERMISSIONS

LIFTING STANDARD

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

1.1.1 This standard establishes NASA’s minimum requirements for, but not all details of, the design, construction, testing, inspection, maintenance, operation, and personnel licensing of lifting devices and equipment (LDE) listed in section 1.2 in order to enhance safety and reliability and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

1.1.2 This standard provides NASA-specific requirements and references applicable OSHA and Voluntary Consensus Standards (VCS). This standard establishes minimum safety requirements; NASA installations are encouraged to assess their individual lifting programs and develop additional requirements as needed.

1.2 Applicability

1.2.1 This standard is applicable to NASA-owned and NASA contractor-supplied overhead and gantry cranes (including top running, monorail, underhung, and jib cranes), mobile cranes, derricks, hoists, winches used for lifting applications, hoist-supported personnel lifting devices, load positioning devices (e.g., Hydra Sets®), load measuring devices, hooks, jacks used for critical lifts, slings, rigging hardware, below-the-hook lifting devices, mobile aerial platforms, and high lift industrial trucks used in support of NASA operations at NASA installations and

NASA operations in host countries. This standard does not apply to front-end loaders, elevators, or lifting devices used in non-lifting applications (e.g., balloon launching fixtures, jacks serving only to render casters ineffective).

1.2.2 Rented or leased LDE used for non-critical lifts may be exempted from this standard by the written decision of the contracting officer, the responsible NASA installation/program safety office, and the Lifting Devices and Equipment Manager (LDEM), based on an assessment of associated risk.

1.2.3 The need for compliance with this standard at contractor installations performing

NASA work should be evaluated and made a contractual requirement where deemed necessary by the contracting officer, the responsible NASA installation/program safety office, and the

LDEM.

1.2.4 The LDEM shall have the authority to interpret this standard.

1.2.5 The LDEM shall have the authority to approve, disapprove, and levy requirements for the use of LDE not covered by paragraph 1.2.1 due to safety concerns or hazards presented by a particular application.

1.2.6 In this standard, "shall" denotes a mandatory requirement, "may" denotes a discretionary privilege or permission, “can” denotes statements of possibility or capability, "should" denotes a good practice, "will" denotes an expected outcome, and “must” denotes a reference to an existing requirement.

1.3 Order of Precedence

1.3.1 This standard does not supersede any higher level safety requirements (such as OSHA regulations).

Note: This document supplements and provides implementation direction for OSHA regulations. With the exception of Appendix A, NASA Alternate Standard for Suspended

Load Operations (which is approved by OSHA), it is not a substitute for any OSHA regulation. OSHA regulations stated in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) are law and, as such, apply to all NASA operations. Some states have their own OSHA programs which may apply additional, more stringent regulatory requirements.

1.3.2 VCS are mandatory when required by OSHA regulations or when required by this document as specified herein.

1.3.3 This document takes precedence over VCS except in those cases in which the VCS is invoked by regulation.

1.3.4 All document citations refer to the versions specified herein.

1.4 Request for Relief

1.4.1 If a requirement cannot be met, all requests for relief to Agency-level Institutional

Safety, requirements shall be in accordance with NPR 8715.1.

1.4.2 If a requirement cannot be met, all Programmatic requests for relief to Agency-level

Safety and Mission Assurance requirements shall be in accordance with NPR 8715.3.

1.5 Using this Standard

1.5.1 This standard provides the minimum NASA requirements for the design, testing, inspection, maintenance, personnel licensing, and operation of LDE. It is not a comprehensive list of all applicable requirements.

1.5.2 The following steps should be taken to identify all requirements for a particular type of

LDE:

a. Address applicable Federal regulations (e.g., CFR, OSHA).

Note 1: As previously noted, this document supplements and provides implementation direction for OSHA regulations. With the exception of Appendix A, NASA Alternate

Standard for Suspended Load Operations (which is approved by OSHA), this standard is not a substitute for any OSHA regulation.

Note 2: OSHA regulations are available online at www.OSHA.gov.

b. Address applicable State and Local regulations (e.g., Cal/OSHA).

Note: Some state regulations may be more stringent than NASA requirements.

c. Address the general LDE requirements in Chapter 4 of this standard.

d. Address the LDE-specific requirements, as applicable, in Chapters 5-14 of this standard.

e. Address applicable VCS incorporated by reference in this standard.

Note: References to applicable VCS are provided throughout this standard. Most

VCS are available online at: https://standards.nasa.gov/

f. Address any applicable Center-level LDE requirements.

Note: The requirements of this standard are the minimum requirements. Additional or more stringent LDE requirements may be developed at each Center.

1.5.3 In case of questions regarding conflicting requirements, the applicability of this standard, or to request a clarification, contact the LDEM.

1.5.4 Appendix B references the requirements that apply to critical lifts contained throughout this document. This appendix may be used to locate applicable critical lift requirements.

1.5.5 Appendix C references the instances within this standard where the LDEM has direct involvement in a particular activity. This appendix may be used to locate the applicable requirements.

2. APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Applicable Documents

The documents listed in this section contain provisions that constitute requirements of this standard as cited in the text. Use of more recent issues of cited documents may be authorized by the responsible LDEM.

2.1.1 Government Documents

29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards

29 CFR 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

29 CFR 1960 Basic Program Elements For Federal Employee

Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Related

Matters

NPR 1800.1 NASA Occupational Health Program Procedures

NPR 8715.1 NASA Safety and Health Programs

NPR 8715.7 NASA Payload Safety Program

NASA-STD-8719.24 NASA Expendable Launch Vehicle Payload Safety

Requirements

NRRS 1441.1 NASA Records Retention Schedules

2.1.2 Non-Government Documents

ANSI/ITSDF B56.1-2012 Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks

ANSI/ITSDF B56.6-2011 Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks

ANSI/ITSDF B56.10-2012 Safety Standard for Manually Propelled High Lift Industrial

Trucks

ANSI /ITSDF B56.14-2015 Safety Standard for Vehicle Mounted Forklift Trucks

ANSI/SAIA A92.2-2009 Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices

ANSI/SAIA A92.3-2006 Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms

ANSI/SAIA A92.5-2006 Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms

ANSI/SAIA A92.6-2006 Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms

ASME B30.1-2009 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, and Hydraulic

Gantries

ASME B30.2-2011 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)

ASME B30.3-2012 Tower Cranes

ASME B30.4-2010 Portal and Pedestal Cranes

ASME B30.5-2014 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes

ASME B30.6-2010 Derricks

ASME B30.7-2011 Winches

ASME B30.8-2010 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks

ASME B30.9-2014 Slings

ASME B30.10-2014 Hooks

ASME B30.11-2010 Monorails and Underhung Cranes

ASME B30.12-2011 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft

ASME B30.13-2011 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated

Equipment

ASME B30.14-2010 Side Boom Tractors

ASME B30.16-2012 Overhead Hoists

ASME B30.17-2006 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single

Girder, Underhung Hoist)

ASME B30.19-2011 Cableways

ASME B30.20-2013 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

ASME B30.21-2014 Lever Hoists

ASME B30.22-2010 Articulating Boom Cranes

ASME B30.23-2011 Personnel Lifting Systems

ASME B30.24-2013 Container Cranes

ASME B30.25-2013 Scrap and Material Handlers

ASME B30.26-2010 Rigging Hardware

ASME B30.28-2010 Balance Lifting Units

ASME B30.29-2012 Self-Erect Tower Cranes

ASME BTH-1-2014 Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

ASME HST-1-2012 Performance Standard for Electric Chain Hoists

ASME HST-2-2014 Performance Standard for Hand Chain Manually Operated

Chain Hoists

ASME HST-3-1999 Performance Standard for Manually Lever Operated Chain

Hoists

ASME HST-4-1999 Performance Standard for Overhead Electric Wire Rope

Hoists

ASME HST-5-2014 Performance Standard for Air Chain Hoists

ASME HST-6-1999 Performance Standard for Air Wire Rope Hoists

CMAA Specification No. 70-2010 Specifications for Electric Overhead Traveling

Cranes

CMAA Specification No. 74-2010 Specification for Top Running and Under Running

Single Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes

CP-189-2011 Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing

Personnel

DIN EN 13000-2014 Cranes-Mobile Cranes

NAS-410-2014 Certification & Qualification of Nondestructive Test

Personnel

NFPA 70-2014 National Electric Code

SAE J1063-2013 Crane Structures, Cantilevered Boom, Method of Test

SAE J765-1990 Crane Load Stability Test Code

SNT-TC-1A-2011 Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive

Testing

WSTDA-RS-1-2010 Recommended Standard for Synthetic Polyester Round

Slings

WSTDA-WS-1-2015 Recommended Standard for Synthetic Web Slings

Wire Rope User’s Manual-4th Edition

Wire Rope Sling User’s Manual-3rd Edition

3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASNT American Society for Nondestructive Testing

Cal/OSHA California Occupational Safety and Health Administration CEN

European Committee for Standardization

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CMAA Crane Manufacturers Association of America

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

E-Stop Emergency Stop

FMEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

ITSDF Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation

LDE Lifting Devices and Equipment

LDEC Lifting Devices and Equipment Committee

LDEM Lifting Devices and Equipment Manager

NDE Nondestructive Evaluation

NDT Nondestructive Testing

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NSS/GO NASA Safety Standard/Ground Operations

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

SAE SAE International

SAIA Scaffold and Access Industry Association

SFP Single Failure Point

VCS Voluntary Consensus Standard

WRTB Wire Rope Technical Board

WSTDA Web Sling and Tie Down Association

3.2 Definitions

Attachment (for Industrial Trucks). Devices other than conventional forks or load backrest extensions, mounted permanently or temporarily on the elevating mechanism of an industrial truck for handling the load. Common types of attachments include but are not limited to fork extensions, clamps, rotating devices, side shifters, and booms.

Below-the-Hook Lifting Device. A device used for attaching a load to a hoist or other lifting mechanism. The device may consist of or contain components such as slings, hooks, and rigging hardware that are addressed by ASME B30 volumes or other standards. Common types include spreader bars, beam clamps, barrel lifters, and vacuum lifts. Some of these devices may be referred to as structural slings.

Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion.

Certified Equipment. Lifting device or equipment documented by the LDEM as complying with the design, construction, maintenance, test, and other requirements of this standard.

Certified Wire Rope Inspector. Qualified by third party or NASA in-house approved certified wire rope inspection program.

Configuration Management. Process for establishing and maintaining consistency of a product's functional and physical characteristics, evaluating and authorizing any changes to those characteristics, and recording and documenting the characteristics and any changes to them to verify compliance with the product's configuration requirements throughout its life.

Crane. A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism an integral part of the machine.

Critical LDE. Lifting Devices and Equipment used to perform Critical Lifts.

Critical Lift. Lifts during which failure/loss of control presents an elevated risk of serious injury, loss of life, or loss of one-of-a-kind articles, high dollar items or major facility components whose loss would have serious programmatic or institutional impact. Lifts of high-value flight hardware and/or non-routine lifts (e.g., lift point below center of gravity) are usually classified as critical lifts, while lifts of small, improvised mini-satellites, for example, most likely would not be. Lifting and movement of flight hardware components packaged per applicable shipment specifications are typically not classified as critical lifts.

Derrick. An apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent member held at the end by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes.

Design Factor. A numeric usually expressed as a ratio of the ultimate strength or yield strength to the rated capacity. It is used in calculations to account for variations found in the properties of materials, manufacturing tolerances, operating conditions, and design assumptions.

Designated Person. A person who is qualified and who has been selected or assigned

(in writing) by the responsible organization to perform specific duties.

Dummy Load. A test load used to simulate the real load; typically, a test weight.

Dummy Rated Load. A test load equal to the rated load of the device; typically, a test weight.

Eddy Current Brake. An electrical induction brake used to reduce or control speed.

Emergency Stop (E-Stop). A manually operated switch or valve to cut off electric or fluid power independently of the regular operating controls.

Equivalent Entity. A person or organization (including an employer) which by possession of equipment, technical knowledge and skills, can perform with equal competence the same repairs and tests as the person or organization with which it is equated.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). A systematic, methodical analysis performed to identify and document failure modes and their resultant effects at a prescribed level.

Hazard. Any real or potential condition that can cause injury or death to personnel or damage to or loss of equipment or property.

Hoist. A machinery unit device used for lifting and lowering a load.

Hoist-Supported Personnel Lifting Device. Device specifically designed to lift and lower persons via a hoist. These devices include hoist-supported platforms where personnel occupy the platform during movement. These devices do not include elevators, lifting personnel with a crane, mobile aerial platform, or platforms hoisted unoccupied to a position and anchored or restrained to a stationary structure before personnel occupy the platform (refer to Personnel Access Platform).

Holding Brake. A brake that automatically prevents motion when power is off.

Idle Lifting Device. Lifting device that has not been used for 12 months or more, or that has no projected use for the next 12 months.

Jack. A mechanism with a base and load point designed for controlled linear movement.

Licensed Operator. See Licensed Personnel.

Licensed Personnel. Individuals documented by the LDEM as meeting the personnel licensing requirements of this standard. Licensed personnel may be referred to as certified personnel or certified operators in other regulations and VCS.

Lifting Device. A generic term or modifier broadly used to refer to both equipment that actively lifts (cranes, powered industrial trucks, etc.) and individual pieces or assemblies of components used in the lifting process (slings, hoist-supported lifting devices, shackles, etc.).

Lifting Devices and Equipment. Devices, equipment, and their accessories used to lift, lower, and position a load.

Lifting Devices and Equipment Manager. Person designated by the Center Director, responsible for managing the installation lifting devices and equipment program, coordinating with appropriate personnel at their installation on lifting issues, and providing their installation’s position on lifting devices and equipment safety issues.

Load. The total weight of the items being supported, raised, or moved by a lifting device or equipment, including rigging hardware, slings, below-the-hook lifting devices, the load block for some mobile crane configurations, or any other attachments that are not taken into account when determining the rated capacity of the lifting device or equipment.

Load Brake. A braking device that retards and controls the load during lowering and keeps the load from falling if the holding brake fails.

Load Measuring Device. A device below the hook, which is used to indicate the weight of the item being lifted.

Load Positioning Device. Instrument installed between the hook and load to allow precise control of lifting operations (e.g., Hydra Sets®).

Mobile Aerial Platform. A mobile device that has an adjustable position platform and is supported from ground level by a structure.

NASA Operation. Any activity or process under NASA direct control or that includes major NASA involvement.

Noncritical Lift. A lift involving routine lifting operations governed by standard industry rules and practices except as supplemented with unique NASA testing, operations, maintenance, inspection, and personnel licensing requirements contained in this standard.

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE). See Nondestructive Testing.

Nondestructive Testing (NDT). The application of technical methods to examine materials or components in ways that do not impair future usefulness and serviceability in order to detect, locate, measure, and evaluate flaws; to assess integrity, properties, and composition; and to measure geometrical characteristics.

Non-Load Test Slings, Rigging Hardware, And Below-The-Hook Lifting Devices.

Slings, rigging hardware, and below-the hook lifting devices meeting the criteria of section 14.5.4 and designated and approved by the LDEM as not subject to periodic load testing requirements.

Periodic Inspection. A thorough examination of LDE conducted at predetermined intervals (typically monthly to yearly) to assess the condition of the equipment. These inspections do not include pre-use inspections performed each day before the equipment is used. Details of these inspections are provided in regulations and industry standards.

Periodic Load Test. A load test performed at predetermined intervals to determine whether the equipment (e.g., limit switches, E-Stop, controls, brakes, slings, shackles) is functioning properly.

Personnel Access Platform. A platform, typically deployed or relocated by one or multiple dedicated hoists or winches, which allow personnel to access and work in a specific area of a fixed structure or building. Personnel occupy these platforms only after the platforms are deployed and secured and never during movement or while the platforms are supported by hoists/winches. For platforms specifically designed to lift and lower persons via a hoist/winch, refer to Hoist-Supported Personnel Lifting

Devices.

Personnel Access Platform Hoist/Winch. A dedicated hoist/winch whose only purpose is to raise and lower a personnel access platform not carrying personnel.

Personnel Licensing. A means to ensure an individual is qualified to perform a designated task.

Physical Wire Rope Inspection (PWRI). A thorough physical inspection, “hand-over- hand”, of the entire running rope of an overhead crane by Certified Inspector familiar with wire rope conditions that results in appreciable loss of strength.

Conditions to include any discrepancy.

Proof Load. The specific load or weight applied in performance of a proof load test

(typically greater than the rated load of the LDE).

Proof Load Test. A load test performed prior to first use, after major modification of the load path, or at other prescribed times. This test verifies material strength, construction, and workmanship and typically uses a load greater than the rated load.

Qualified Person. A person who, by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field or certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.

Rated Capacity. See Rated Load.

Rated Load. The maximum load a lifting device or equipment is designed to lift under normal operating conditions. This value may be marked on the device indicating maximum capacity. This is also the load referred to as “safe working load or the working load limit.” If the device has never been downrated or uprated, this also is the

“manufacturer rated load.”

Recognized Licensing Organization. Operator licensing organization meeting industry recognized criteria for written testing materials, practical examinations, test administration, grading, facilities/equipment, and personnel.

Regular Service LDE. LDE used one or more times per month.

Remote Emergency Stop (Remote E-Stop). A manually operated switch or valve to cut off electric or fluid power independently of the regular operating controls that is located remotely from the operator control station.

Request for Relief. Documented request for permission to perform some act contrary to established requirements.

Responsible Organization. Entity or a representative thereof responsible for the design, operation, maintenance, testing, inspection, or personnel training and licensing of LDE. (In some cases, this may be the LDEM).

Rigging Hardware. A detachable load supporting device such as a shackle, link, eyebolt, ring, swivel, or clevis.

Safe Working Load. See Rated Load. Safety Factor:. See Design Factor.

Single Failure Point. A single item or component whose failure would cause an undesired event such as dropping a load or loss of control.

Sling. A flexible lifting assembly and incorporated hardware used between a lifting device and the payload being lifted. Common types include wire rope slings, synthetic round slings, metal mesh slings, synthetic web slings, and chain slings.

Standby LDE. LDE not in regular service but used occasionally or intermittently as required. A lifting device or equipment that has not been used for a period of 1 month or more but less than 12 months is considered to be used intermittently/occasionally.

Structural Sling. A term sometimes used for rigid or semi-rigid lifting devices such as spreader bars or lifting beams that now are included in the general category of below-the-hook lifting devices.

Surface Nondestructive Testing. Test and inspection methods used to examine the surface of equipment/materials (e.g., magnetic particle and liquid penetrant).

Two-Block. A condition in which the lower load block or hook assembly comes into contact with the upper load block, hoist/trolley structure, or boom point sheave assembly.

Visual Wire Rope Inspection (VWRI). A thorough visual inspection, from the ground or a fixed platform, of overhead crane wire rope by Qualified Person familiar with wire rope conditions that result in appreciable loss of strength. Conditions include gross damage, such as loss of core support, internal or external corrosion, broken wires, and severe kinking, crushing, cutting or unstranded wire rope.

Volumetric Nondestructive Testing. Test and inspection methods used to examine the interior of equipment/materials (e.g., ultrasonic and radiographic).

Voluntary Consensus Standards (VCS). Industry standards used by NASA for LDE design, operations, maintenance, and inspections, including American Gear

Manufacturers Association (AGMA), American Society of Mechanical Engineers

(ASME), Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), American National Standards Institute

(ANSI), and Scaffold and Access Industry Association (SAIA).

Winch. A stationary motor-driven or hand-powered hoisting machine having a drum around which is wound a rope, chain, or web used for lifting and lowering a load

(requirements in this standard do not apply to winches used for horizontal pulls).

4. GENERAL LDE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

4.1.1 This chapter contains general LDE requirements. Subsequent chapters provide additional requirements specific to individual types of LDE.

4.1.2 The Center/Facility LDE program must be managed in accordance with NPR 8715.1, Chapter 8:1 Safety and Health Programs Lifting Devices and Equipment Safety and the requirements in this standard.

4.1.3 LDE shall be designed, constructed, tested, inspected, maintained, and operated in accordance with the applicable OSHA regulations, the requirements in this standard, VCS as specified herein, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations.

Note: Chapter 2 contains a reference list of OSHA regulations and VCS. Refer to the specific LDE chapters for any additional requirements.

4.1.4 LDEM approval shall be obtained for any tailoring of manufacturer recommendations.

4.2 Classification of Lifts

4.2.1 There are two categories of lifting operations for the purposes of this standard: critical lifts and noncritical lifts. Requirements for critical lifts and critical LDE are specifically addressed throughout the document and are referenced in Appendix B.

4.2.2 The responsible organization shall follow a documented process that seeks input from the appropriate stakeholders (such as facility, program, operations, and safety) and the LDEM to classify lifts as critical or noncritical.

4.2.3 The LDEM shall have the authority to reclassify noncritical lifts as critical based upon safety, facility, or other concerns beyond normal lifting operations.

4.2.4 An operation shall be classified as a critical lift when failure/loss of control presents an elevated risk of serious injury, loss of life, or loss of one-of-a-kind articles, high dollar items or major facility components whose loss would have serious programmatic or institutional impact.

Note: Lifts of high-value spacecraft are usually classified as critical lifts, while lifts of small, improvised mini satellites, for example, most likely would not be. Lifting and movement of flight hardware components packaged per applicable shipment specifications are typically not classified as critical lifts.

4.2.5 An operation may be classified as a noncritical lift if it does not meet critical lift criteria.

Note: Noncritical lifts typically involve routine lifting operations and are governed by standard industry rules and practices except as supplemented with unique NASA testing, operations, maintenance, inspection, and personnel licensing requirements contained in this standard.

4.3 Safety Hazard Analysis

4.3.1 A recognized safety hazard analysis shall be performed on critical or custom-built LDE

(subject to documented LDEM approval, hooks, rigging hardware, slings, below-the-hook lifting devices, and attachments for industrial trucks may be excluded for cases in which there is no potential for load instability).

Note: Some one-of-a-kind, custom-built LDE may be more likely to break down and should be considered less reliable than commercial off the shelf (COTS) equipment.

Given this, original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-type LDE should be used when possible rather than custom, built-up equipment.

4.3.2 The safety hazard analysis shall, as a minimum, identify potential sources of danger and recommend resolutions for those conditions that could cause loss of life, personal injury, and loss of or damage to the LDE, facility, or load.

4.4 Design

4.4.1 In accordance with paragraph 4.1.3, LDE must be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable OSHA regulations, the requirements in this standard, and VCS as specified herein.

4.4.2 If critical or custom-built LDE is designed or procured, the responsible organization shall notify the LDEM and provide the LDEM with the necessary information for review and approval of the design/procurement prior to use of the hardware (subject to documented LDEM approval, hooks, rigging hardware, and slings may be excluded from this requirement).

4.5 Testing

4.5.1 As stated in paragraph 4.1.3, tests must comply with the applicable OSHA regulations, the requirements in this standard, the applicable VCS as specified herein, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations. In accordance with paragraph 4.1.4, tailoring of manufacturer recommendations for testing requires LDEM approval.

4.5.2 Two types of tests are specified for LDE in this standard: proof load tests and periodic load tests. The required tests and test parameters will vary according to the specific LDE. Refer to the applicable LDE chapter for specific requirements and additional information.

Note: Periodic load tests are limited to a value below that of proof tests to avoid damage to the rope and overheating of drive components.

4.5.3 Designated persons shall perform all load tests in accordance with written procedures.

4.5.4 LDE shall undergo a proof load test:

a. Prior to first use for all new LDE.

b. Prior to being placed back into service after repairs or modifications that affect load holding capability, such as welding on components in the load path.

c. After wire ropes or load chains are replaced.

4.5.5 When a proof load test is required, a periodic load test shall also be performed.

Note 1: For industrial trucks and their attachments, load measuring devices, and jacks, the proof load test consists of performing a periodic load test.

Note 2: For slings, rigging hardware, and below-the-hook lifting devices, performance of a proof load test satisfies the periodic load test requirement for that load test cycle.

4.5.6 Periodic load testing of extensively repaired or modified LDE may be limited to the functions affected by the repair or modification only if the periodic load test interval has not expired.

4.5.7 Repaired or modified LDE components that do not affect the lifting or holding capability of the LDE shall undergo a functional check prior to the LDE being placed back into service to verify the component repairs or modifications are acceptable.

4.5.8 Load testing should be conducted in an area where minimal damage will occur if the

LDE fails.

4.5.9 An inspection of the LDE and its components shall be performed prior to and after each load test to ensure there is no damage before releasing the LDE into service.

4.5.10 Tests shall be current before Idle and Standby LDE are returned to service.

Note: Testing and inspection are not required while LDE is in Idle or Standby status.

4.6 Inspection

4.6.1 In accordance with paragraph 4.1.3, daily, frequent, periodic, and pre-use inspections must be performed in accordance with this standard, applicable OSHA regulations and VCS, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations. In accordance with paragraph 4.1.4, tailoring of manufacturer recommendations for inspections requires LDEM approval.

4.6.2 Designated persons shall conduct all LDE inspections.

4.6.3 Periodic inspections shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures.

4.6.4 A periodic inspection shall be performed on all new, extensively repaired, or extensively modified LDE prior to first use.

Note: For component repair on LDE, only the inspections that apply to the repaired portion need to be performed prior to first use if the periodic inspection interval has not expired.

4.6.5 Inspections shall be current before Idle and Standby LDE is returned to service.

Note: Testing and inspections are not required while LDE is in Idle or Standby LDE status.

4.7 Operation

4.7.1 In accordance with paragraph 4.1.3, LDE operations must comply with this standard, applicable OSHA regulations and VCS, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations. In accordance with paragraph 4.1.4, tailoring of manufacturer recommendations for operations requires LDEM approval.

4.7.2 For all lifts, a designated person responsible for the safety of the operation shall be present.

Note: For routine lifts involving minimal risk, the equipment operator may serve as the designated person.

4.7.3 The effects of weather conditions on lift safety shall be evaluated prior to performing

LDE operations.

Note: Operations are generally permitted without restriction during electrical storms within enclosed metal or framed buildings that are properly grounded.

4.7.4 LDE found in an unsafe operating condition shall be removed from service.

4.7.5 LDE problems/discrepancies shall be documented and dispositioned prior to use.

4.7.6 LDE shall be verified to be within inspection and testing intervals prior to use.

4.7.7 LDE shall not be loaded beyond its rated load except for required testing.

Note 1: Follow applicable OSHA regulations when testing LDE.

Note 2: 29 CFR 1926 requires knowledge of the weight of the load.

4.7.8 If radio or other communications are to be used, operators or lift supervisors shall test the communication system prior to each operation. Operations shall stop immediately upon communication loss and shall not continue until communication is restored.

4.7.9 Specific written procedures shall be prepared and followed for critical lifts.

4.7.10 Before lifting flammable or energetic materials such as explosives, pyrotechnics, or propellants, the need for special provisions such as additional bonding, grounding, and stray voltage testing shall be assessed.

Note: Refer to NASA-STD-8719.12, Safety Standard for Explosives, Propellants, and

Pyrotechnics, for requirements applicable to explosives handling and processing.

4.8 Maintenance

4.8.1 In accordance with paragraph 4.1.3, LDE maintenance programs must comply with this standard, applicable OSHA regulations and VCS, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations. In accordance with paragraph 4.1.4, tailoring of manufacturer recommendations for maintenance requires LDEM approval.

4.8.2 The maintenance program shall include procedures and a scheduling system for normal periodic maintenance items, adjustments, replacements, and repairs.

4.8.3 Maintenance safety precautions shall be taken in accordance with OSHA, the applicable VCS, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations.

4.8.4 LDEM approval shall be obtained for any modifications to LDE.

Note: Replacement in kind is not considered a modification and does not require LDEM approval.

4.9 Labeling and Tagging

4.9.1 In accordance with paragraph 4.1.3, labeling and tagging of LDE must comply with this standard, applicable OSHA regulations, and VCS, and be based upon manufacturer recommendations.

4.9.2 The rated load shall be plainly marked on LDE.

Note 1: For some types of equipment, a capacity plate affixed to the LDE or a load chart kept on the LDE is acceptable. Consult OSHA and applicable VCS.

Note 2: Hooks that are part of other LDE, and attachments that are permanently mounted on industrial trucks, do not need separate marking.

4.9.3 Critical LDE shall be marked conspicuously as such.

Note: Hooks that are part of critical LDE, and attachments that are permanently mounted on industrial trucks, do not need separate marking.

4.9.4 Following each periodic load test, a durable tag shall be affixed to the LDE identifying the equipment and stating the next required periodic load test date or load test expiration date.

Note 1: See Chapter 14 Slings, Rigging Hardware, and Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices for additional requirements.

Note 2: Hooks that are part of other LDE and attachments that are permanently mounted on industrial trucks do not need separate marking.

4.9.5 Idle and Standby LDE shall be conspicuously marked as such.

4.10 Records

4.10.1 The responsible organization shall ensure:

a. Test, inspection, and maintenance records comply with the applicable OSHA regulations and VCS.

b. Records of each test and periodic inspection are generated.

Note: Consult OSHA and VCS for additional documentation requirements.

c. LDE maintenance records are generated.

d. LDE record retention is in accordance with NRRS 1441.1, NASA Records Retention

Schedules.

e. LDE and its status are tracked and controlled using a configuration management system.

4.11 Personnel Training and Licensing

4.11.1 General

4.11.1.1 Personnel operating LDE shall be appropriately trained and licensed.

Note: LDE operators must be appropriately trained. This standard does not require

LDE operators be licensed to operate manually operated hoists and winches, personnel access platform hoists/winches, manually propelled mobile aerial platforms (e.g., access stand/stairs), manually propelled industrial trucks, manually operated load positioning devices, load measuring devices, and jacks, but additional licensing may be required by Center policy or the LDEM.

4.11.1.2 A training, examination, and licensing program shall be established.

Note: For those NASA installations not having a training program, LDE operators may be trained and licensed by a recognized licensing organization.

4.11.1.3 Licenses shall indicate the type of LDE the holder is qualified and authorized to operate.

Note: The responsible organization may elect to maintain a master list of licensed operators instead of issuing individual licenses, provided copies of the list are readily available to assurance and supervisory personnel at the work site.

4.11.1.4 Rigging shall be performed by designated persons.

Note: LDE operators may perform rigging tasks for which they are trained and qualified.

4.11.1.5 Nondestructive testing (NDT) personnel shall be licensed in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualifications practice or standards such as ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document.

Note 1: Routine visual inspections that are part of daily, frequent, periodic, and other

LDE inspections as outlined in OSHA, VCS, and this document are not considered

NDT for the purposes of personnel licensing.

Note 2: Visual acuity requirements are included in all NDT personnel licensing standards.

4.11.1.6 Signal persons shall be trained on the types and application of signals and LDE operations.

4.11.2 Licensing Program

4.11.2.1 Licensing programs must comply with the applicable OSHA regulations and shall be based upon VCS and manufacturer recommendations.

Note: Refer to Chapter 2, Applicable Documents.

4.11.2.2 A responsible organization shall oversee the issuance of personnel licenses.

4.11.2.3 Licensing organizations and the LDEM shall reserve the right to suspend or revoke licenses for reasons such as negligence, violations of requirements, or failure to meet medical standards documented in NPR 1800.1.

4.11.2.4 Initial licensing training and examination for LDE operators shall include the following as a minimum:

a. Training in safety, lifting equipment emergency procedures, general performance standards, requirements, pre-operational checks, and safety-related defects and symptoms.

b. Hands-on training.

c. Written examination.

d. Operational demonstration.

e. Physical examination of licensed personnel in accordance with NPR 1800.1, NASA

Occupational Health Program Procedures.

4.11.2.5 Licenses shall expire every four years or less, contingent upon maintenance of a current physical examination in accordance with NPR 1800.1, NASA Occupational Health

Program Procedures.

4.11.2.6 Licensing organizations shall establish renewal procedures that include:

a. A written examination and operational demonstration, at a minimum.

b. Training in safety, lifting equipment emergency…