TE_12_Asbestos.docx

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Regulations

Base Operations (BASOPS) Performance Work Statement Technical Exhibit 08 - Asbestos Base Operations (BASOPS) Performance Work Statement Technical Exhibit 12 - Asbestos

Asbestos, Outline

5.4.1. INTRODUCTION: Asbestos was once considered a health risk only for asbestos workers. Now asbestos is known to be a potential hazard to the health of millions of people, on and off the job, who are routinely exposed to asbestos fibers in the air that they breath.

5.4.2. ASBESTOS: Asbestos is the common name for a group of naturally occurring hydrated mineral silicates of the amphibole or serpentine series that are characterized by fibers of bundles of fine single crystal fibrils. Asbestos containing material (ACM) refers to products that have asbestos incorporated into their formulation. Asbestos minerals of the fibrous variety have long been used by man because of their unique combination of resistance to heat and chemical attack, high tensile strength, and flexibility. Asbestos fibers have been incorporated into over 2,000 types of products. The most common applications being:

1. Sprayed or troweled-on as a surfacing material.

2. Thermal insulating products (i.e. preformed block, pipe coverings, etc.).

3. Cementitious concrete-like products (i.e. siding, shingles, transite, etc.).

4. Paper products (i.e. corrugated paper, millboard, etc.).

5. Roofing felts.

6. Flooring tile and linoleum.

7. Wall coverings and ceiling tiles.

8. Paints and coatings.

9. Asbestos containing compounds (i.e. caulk, putty, spackle, plaster, etc.).

5.4.3. DISEASES:

Asbestosis: A noncancerous respiratory disease that causes scarring of the lung tissue. Symptoms include: shortness of breath and rales, a dry crackling sound in the lungs while breathing. Late stages of asbestosis may produce cardiac failure and death.

Lung Cancer: Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause lung cancer independent from asbestosis. The onset of lung cancer causes the following symptoms: a cough or a change in cough habit. Also chest pain not related to coughing.

Mesothelioma: This is cancer of the membrane lining of the chest and abdomen. Mesothelioma can be traced to a history of asbestos exposure. The more asbestos that is inhaled during a lifetime the more possibility of developing this disease. The symptoms are as follows: shortness of breath, chest pain or abdominal pain. Death is imminent.

Once asbestos fibers have gotten in the body, they have a tendency to act like a needle and imbed themselves into membranes. In some areas of the body a "defense" system takes over and forms a protective coating over the fiber(s). This creates a type of scarring within the body (asbestosis). The latency period for the cancers can range anywhere from 15 - 40 years. A "true" safe limit of exposure is not known at this time. Any exposure to asbestos can be a risk.

It is also a proven fact that smokers run a bigger risk of developing cancer when exposed to asbestos than a nonsmoker.

5.4.4. REGULATORY AGENCIES: Asbestos is governed predominately by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 40 CFR 61, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) and 40 CFR 763, Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), along with sections from other regulations. It also has regulations that fall under Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1001, Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite, and 29 CFR 1926.1101, Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, along with sections from various other regulations. These agencies regulate air and water contamination, along with exposure to the public, and now prohibit several uses of ACM. Other prohibitions are being phased in over an extended period of time, and much of the existing, especially damaged or deteriorating, asbestos is being removed. The removal of this asbestos is also regulated by the aforementioned agencies.

5.4.5. IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL

(ACM): The following are three basic categories of ACM and the most common places that they are found.

5.4.5.1. Surfacing Material: Surfacing material refers to such material as spray applied or troweled on acoustic sound proofing. It is mostly found on ceilings but can also be found on vertical structural beams. It is found in such places as band or choral rooms, corridors, auditoriums, control rooms, projection rooms, and many other special use areas. This material is usually white or pale gray in color and is soft or will often appear fluffy.

5.4.5.2. Thermal System Insulation (TSI): This type of insulation is used in conjunction with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and plumbing. It is usually white or pale gray and has a rigid chalky appearance. Quite often is covered by a "jacket" made of cloth or sheet metal. Also, much of this insulation was often painted. TSI is most commonly found on water and steam lines, hot water tanks and boilers.

5.4.5.3. Other: Other contains such types as "transite", a tan in appearance hard board-like substance used for siding or pipes; ceiling tiles; vinyl asbestos floor tile; roofing material; certain laboratory equipment; and brake shoes. The asbestos in these materials is masked by many colors of binder. Also, most of these materials, unless damaged, are considered nonfriable.

It should be noted that all of the above mentioned materials do not always contain asbestos. One or more samples of these materials may need to be taken and analyzed by an approved laboratory. The usual method for determining the presence of asbestos is Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). If PLM proves to be inconclusive a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) or a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) test can be done.

Use of Tools on Asbestos Containing Material (ACM)

5.4.2.1. Only a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered vacuum may be used to clean any dust in the work area or on any person or tools. Although a HEPA vacuum is allowable for clean up, the preferred way is the WET METHOD. Dry mopping or use of a broom are prohibited.

5.4.2.2. Use of power tools on ACM is prohibited. When working with hand tools on ACM, extreme caution must be used, so as not to cause fibers to be released from the material being worked on. With the possible exception of working with roofing material, all work should be done in either a regulated area or a negative pressure glove bag. At the end of a work period, the tools being used must either be left in the work area or be thoroughly wet cleaned. At the end of a job, the tools must either be disposed of with the contaminated clothing as asbestos contaminated material, or thoroughly wet cleaned before removal from the area. Personnel should be cautioned to take only necessary tools into the area. (Whatever goes into the area must be wet cleaned before removal or disposed of, whether it has been used or not.)

Repair and Encapsulation of Friable Asbestos

5.4.3.1. For repair and encapsulation of asbestos, there are a combination of procedures to seal friable asbestos. The treatment will be determined by the size of the damage and location. The following procedure will be used for repair and encapsulation:

5.4.3.1.1. Remove all dust from the area around the damage with wet cleaning or a HEPA vacuum. Place debris in a 6 - mil polyethylene bag.

5.4.3.1.2. Repair the damage with the use of fiberglass insulation, building it up to the equivalent height of the surrounding insulation. Non asbestos insulating cement may also be used. (The choice will depend on what is being insulated.)

5.4.3.1.3. Apply a tack coat sealant (i.e. Cable Coat No. 2B or equivalent), that has a capability of expansion with temperature change, to the repaired area and overlap onto original insulation.

5.4.3.1.4. Wrap pipe with cloth covering (i.e. Elasocloth or equivalent), with elongation properties, while coating is still tacky. Once dry, apply a second coat of sealant over the cloth coating to ensure that the repaired area is completely sealed. Also, to insure that the repaired area is completely sealed, overlap the cloth covering onto the original insulation.

5.4.3.1.5. Double bag all debris acquired during the process for disposal as asbestos contaminated material.

Treatment of Asbestos Contaminated Soil

5.4.4.4. When not in a tightly confined area, remove and double bag all contaminated soil. When removing the soil, take precautions not to contaminate the surrounding area (i.e. DO NOT remove soil on a windy day). If removal is not feasible, due to a space being physically inaccessible, a type of encapsulation process may be used. Use of the HEPA vacuum is also an option for small or confined areas. When doing either process, protective clothing and equipment must be used.

5.4.4.1. REMOVAL OF SOIL:

5.4.4.1.1. Remove all gross contamination on the ground, place in 6 - mil polyethylene bag, seal, place in second bag and seal.

5.4.4.1.2. Remove all loose soil or packed soil to a depth of 3 inches and an additional 1 ft. to all sides of where the actual contamination is. Double bag all soil removed. If dirt is loose, remove soil until solid ground is reached.

5.4.4.1.3. Decontaminate all tools by placing in a double polyethylene bag and washing with water. The water will be treated as asbestos contaminated waste. Dispose of all protective clothing as contaminated waste also.

5.4.4.1.4. All double bagged and labeled contaminated waste with be taken to a CONEX, in a locked, fenced area to await disposition. The contractor is responsible for arranging for disposal when the CONEX is full. Coordination must be done with the Environmental Division (3-2550/3-3120).

5.4.4.2. CONFINED SPACE TREATMENT:

5.4.4.2.1. Remove all gross contamination on the ground and double bag. Use of a HEPA vacuum with a hose extension would be acceptable. Place vacuum HEPA bag in a 6 - mil polyethylene disposal bag.

5.4.4.2.2. Using a type of encapsulant (i.e. Earth Kote or equivalent), spray the ground until saturated but avoid creating puddles.

5.4.4.2.3. Following manufacturer's instructions, let dry.

5.4.4.2.4. Spray another coat of product until ground is saturated once again.

5.4.4.2.5. Pending the type of ground encountered, extra applications may be necessary.

NOTE:

1. Airless sprayers or garden sprayers are recommended. DO NOT use compressed air sprayers.

2. Clean equipment after each application to avoid clogging or chemical reaction with the equipment.

Removal of Asbestos Guidelines for Hot Water Tanks and Pipes

5.4.5. GUIDELINES:

Prior to using any method of removal, preparations must be done. All removal must be done inside of a regulated area under negative pressure be it containment or glove bag. When the area has been completely sealed and a pressure differential and ventilation type system has been set up, removal may begin.

5.4.5.1. PREPARATION FOR GLOVE BAG:

5.4.5.1.1. Glove Bag: Removal of asbestos using glove bags shall be done using methods and techniques in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101.

a. Glove bags shall be constructed of 6 - mil polyethylene plastic, with inward projecting arm and water wand sleeves, an internal tool pouch and an attached, labeled receptacle for asbestos waste.

b. The glove bag shall be constructed and installed in such a manner that it surrounds the object or area to be decontaminated and contains all asbestos fibers during the removal process.

5.4.5.1.2. If used without work area containment, glove bags must be capable of maintaining a lower air pressure inside than outside the bag.

a. During asbestos removal process, all flooring in the areas which are likely to have debris and/or loose ACM dropped on them should be covered with 2 layers of 6 - mil polyethylene sheeting.

5.4.5.1.3. Entrances must be posted to OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1001 and 29 CFR 1926.1101, as follows:

DANGER ASBESTOS

CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA

5.4.5.2. ASBESTOS REMOVAL:

5.4.5.2.1. Removal should be done using water with a surfactant making sure that penetration is thorough. Use ONLY an airless (garden type) sprayer.

5.4.5.2.2. All ACM must be doubled bagged in 2 - 6 mil pre labeled polyethylene bags or labeled with stick on labels, or a sealed glove bag placed into another polyethylene bag and sealed.

5.4.5.2.3. All double bagged and labeled contaminated waste must be taken to a CONEX, in a locked, fenced area to await disposition. The contractor is responsible for arranging for disposal when the CONEX is full. Coordination must be done with the Environmental Division, DPW, (3-2550/3-3120).

5.4.5.2.4. At the end of each day, the work site should be properly cleaned so that all loose asbestos debris is double bagged for removal to the CONEX in a locked, fenced area. When removal is not completed prior to the close of business, the regulated area must be secured.

5.4.5.2.5. All waste material should be placed in pre labeled bags or labeled according to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1001 and 29 CFR 1926.1101, as follows:

DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS

AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD

There must be a minimum of 2 labels per double bag unless pre labeled bags are used.

5.4.5.3. AIR MONITORING:

5.4.5.3.1. Air monitoring must be in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1001, and 1926.1101 by a NIOSH qualified, competent industrial hygienist.

5.4.5.3.2. Samples must be obtained according to OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 and 1910.1001.

5.4.5.3.3. Types of Air Sampling: Three types of air samples can be collected, daily or per 8 hour shift, by the contractor's CIH or his representative. The most used methods will be the personal sample and the area sample.

a. Area samples shall be collected with a high volume pump and filter cassette. They shall be collected at a single specific spot or station. A minimum of one sample will be taken inside the work area.

If the work area exceeds 1500 square feet, then sampling should occur at a frequency of 1 sample per 1500 square feet. A minimum of one sample will be taken outside the barrier, if the building is occupied during the removal. When the building is the major part of the barrier, a sample shall be taken outside the building entrance(s). A minimum of 2000 liters of air shall be passed through the filter for each station sample outside the work area. Minimum collection amounts inside the work area shall be determined by filter loading conditions and consultation between the contractor and the contractor's CIH or his representative. Where possible, the amount of air drawn through the filter shall be sufficient to yield between 100 and 1300 fibers per square millimeter (f/mm2) on the each membrane filter.

b. Personal samples shall be taken on 25% of the workforce. These shall be collected with low volume pump, calibrated at approximately 2 l/m and a filter cassette. The cassette will be pinned, clamped or otherwise securely attached on the forward part of the shoulder, within 10 inches of the breathing zone of a worker, in an acceptable manner. The cassette's exposed filter surface shall be positioned so that it points slightly downward, to avoid gross overload. The pump shall remain attached to the body of the worker and shall run no less than seven (7) hours or the length of the shift, should the shift be less than eight (8) hours. Also, 30 minute (Excursion) short term samples shall be taken. This can be adjusted, by utilizing more than one filter, for filter load and working conditions, to produce a filter fiber density of 100 to 1300 f/mm2 in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101.

c. Dust samples, when specified, shall be collected with a 2 l/m portable pump equipped with a filter cassette and an extra length of tube extending from the filter end of the cassette. This tube, from the forward end of the cassette, shall be used in a manner similar to a small vacuum cleaner hose. The vacuumed area shall be equivalent to 10 square centimeters (cm2). The area to be sampled will contain visible dust. Such areas would be room corners, locker tops and similar places where asbestos dust is likely to accumulate. Filters from cassettes used for collecting dust samples shall be analyzed as bulk samples rather than air samples. When dust sampling is required, a hand drawn map marked with X's to show the collection points for dust samples shall accompany each dust sample filter cassette. Each X shall also have a brief written description to further describe the collection point, for instance, "top of pipes".

5.4.5.3.4. Sampling Procedures: The contractor shall utilize a CIH or an industrial hygiene technician (the CIH's representative), certified in sampling procedures as taught in a NIOSH 582 or an equivalency course, working under the direct supervision of a CIH to collect all samples. Sampling shall be done in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101.

a. Final clearance air samples shall be collected at a frequency that will yield, at a minimum, one sample per 1000 square feet. The final air samples will be collected on a 0.45 um, pore size, mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter cassette and analyzed using Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) methods to determine if asbestos contamination has been reduced to 0.01 f/cc or the adjoining environmental concentration (pre job samples), whichever is less. The 0.45 um MCE filter is to be used, should the results not meet clearance level. The failing samples can then be analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to verify that the fibers counted are in fact asbestos, to determine additional clean up methods needed.

b. Field Blanks: At least one field blank or ten percent (10%) of each set of samples shall be submitted to the laboratory. Field blanks shall be prepared, for laboratory analysis, identical to regular air samples with the exception being that no air has actually be drawn through them.

5.4.5.3.5. Laboratory Analysis: The following analytical methods shall be employed as required.

a. TEM analyses shall be done in accordance with the methods stated in 40 CFR 763, subpart E. The TEM laboratory shall provide written reports on the samples it processes using TEM analysis.

b. NIOSH 7400 Method, phase contrast microscopy (PCM), shall be used for the analysis of all air samples, with the exception noted in Paragraph 4.a., in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101.

c. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) analyses shall be done in accordance with the methods stated in 40 CFR 763, subpart F, appendix A.

5.4.5.4. CLEAN UP: At the conclusion of the job, all surfaces including pipes, water tanks, ducts, vents, sills, etc. should all be wet wiped clean. Walls and floors should also be wet wiped prior to the final air clearance sampling.

5.4.5.4.1. FINAL CLEANUP: When all visible asbestos has been removed from the work area, the final cleanup phase shall begin. All outer perimeter seals shall remain in place during final cleanup. Protective clothing and respirators shall remain in use. All normal decontamination procedures shall continue to be followed. Containment barriers and negative air systems established inside of buildings shall remain in full operation.

a. Personnel shall use buckets of water to which a grease-cutting detergent has been added for washing the exposed surfaces.

b. Paper wiping cloths shall be wet in the buckets and then wiped across all spaces of the work area. The wiping cloths shall not be rinsed and reused. Instead, when dirty, they shall be discarded in a polyethylene disposal bag, which abatement personnel shall keep available for this purpose.

c. Wiping Down shall continue until final PCM analysis (or TEM, if necessary), of air samples documents that the area is cleaned. The area shall be considered clean when the asbestos level does not exceed 0.01 f/cc.

d. No critical barriers shall be removed until the clearance samples are below 0.01 f/cc.

5.4.5.5. WASTE DISPOSAL: Every item which has come in contact with ACM and cannot be adequately decontaminated must be disposed of as asbestos waste. The asbestos removed, water used, poly and any items which cannot be decontaminated must be double bagged and taken to the CONEX in the locked, fenced area to await disposal.

6.5.6. NOTE: Separate decontamination units are necessary when the fiber count is above the OSHA Permissible Exposure (PEL) of 0.1 f/cc. This decontamination unit must consist of clean room, shower and equipment decontamination room, and a dirty room.

Waste Disposal of Asbestos Materials

5.4.6.1. What must be disposed of?

Any item taken into the work area or that comes in contact with asbestos containing material (ACM) must be disposed of if it can not be adequately decontaminated. These items include such things as the water used for wet cleaning, the polyethylene used to cover the floors and walls in the work area, all clothing worn into the area, used respirator cartridges, and any items used that cannot be properly decontaminated.

5.4.6.2 How is ACM contained?

The ACM and all other waste must be packaged wet for removal from the work area. The waste materials will be placed in a 6 - mil polyethylene bag and sealed. This bag in turn will be placed in another 6 - mil bag and sealed. This process is called "double bagging" and must be used for all asbestos waste material. "Danger" labels must also be attached if the bags do not have pre printed labels on them. Once this is done the material can be removed to the CONEX in the locked, fenced area where it will remain until disposal.

5.4.6.3. What containers may be used?

The recommended container for disposal of asbestos waste must be leak proof. This can be anything from poly bags to steel drums. For most jobs however, the poly bags will be easier and more convenient to use. These bags usually come on rolls of 50 or more, are made of 6 - mil polyethylene, and are pre - labeled with danger warnings and transport numbers. When used for waste disposal, they must be used in the "double bag" manner.

5.4.6.4. How are containers to be labeled?

Warning labels must be attached to all drums or double bagged materials. The label must read as follows:

DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS

AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD

It is best to place several labels on the debris containers. A minimum of two per container is required.

5.4.6.5. How is the waste disposed of?

The "double bagged" waste will be removed from the job site and taken to the CONEX in the locked, fenced area for storage until removal for disposal. Should any of the bags become damaged or broken, they must be repaired or place in yet again another bag. While doing any repair, protective clothing must be worn (i.e. coveralls, respirator, etc.). When sufficient amount of waste has accumulated it will be taken to an asbestos land fill for disposal.

Heat Stress

5.4.7.1. HEAT: The following factors influence the effect of heat on workers:

▬ Air Temperature ▬ Air Velocity ▬ Moisture content of the air/Humidity ▬ Radiant Temperature

A method called black globe/wet bulb monitoring is used to compute heat stress temperatures using all of the above factors.

5.4.7.2. EFFECTS AND SYMPTOMS:

▬ Heat rash (prickly heat): red skin which is elevated from small bubbles of water under the skin (swelling). Skin no longer breaths or sweats.

▬ Heat cramps: spasms and pain in muscles of the abdomen and extremities.

▬ Heat exhaustion: resulting from dehydration. Symptoms are: fatigue; dizziness; and profuse sweating with cool, dry skin.

▬ Heat stroke: dizziness; nausea; severe headache; high temperature; hot, skin; confusion; collapse; coma; possible death.

▬ Other effects: irritability; decreased morale; anxiety; loss of concentration; decreased efficiency.

5.4.7.3. PREVENTION:

▬ Pre-placement physicals.

▬ Awareness about heat related effects/symptoms.

▬ First aid training.

▬ Work during cooler times of day.

▬ Provide plenty of water and encourage use.

▬ Allow time for frequent breaks in work schedule.

▬ Wear clothing that will allow body to breath.

Protective Clothing

5.4.8.1. OSHA REQUIREMENTS: To protect all personnel, authorized visitors and others in or around the asbestos removal site during the course of this project. The purpose of these regulations is to keep the worker from taking clothing contaminated by asbestos fibers outside the work area and home. The items listed in the following subparagraphs require special emphasis.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1001 and 1926.1101 require the following protective clothing and equipment use in the work site:

1. coveralls or similar full-body work clothing

2. gloves, head coverings, and foot coverings

3. face shields, vented goggles, or other appropriate protective equipment

5.4.8.2. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT:

5.4.8.2.1. Coveralls:

▬ disposable tyvek ▬ disposable breathable coveralls ▬ reusable (requires special handling and laundering service)

5.4.8.2.2. Head Coverings:

▬ surgical type cap ▬ hair cover ▬ hood attached to disposable coveralls

5.4.8.2.3. Gloves:

▬ poly or rubber (washable and reusable) ▬ cotton or fabric (must be disposed of as asbestos waste)

5.4.8.2.4. Foot Coverings:

▬ tennis shoes (to be left in job site until complete then disposed of as asbestos waste) ▬ rubber boots ▬ shoe covering (either individual or attached to disposable coveralls)

5.4.8.2.5. Eye Protection:

▬ safety glasses ▬ splash goggles

5.4.8.3. DONNING/REMOVAL SEQUENCE:

Donning Order

Removal Order

Respirators

5.4.9.1. RESPIRATORS: The contractor shall provide an adequate amount of appropriate respirators and filters as required for use in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101. The contractor shall also have a written "Respirator Program".

5.4.9.2. SELECTION OF PROPER RESPIRATOR: When the limit of 0.1 fibers/cc is exceeded, a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator must be worn. The following types of respirators are available:

5.4.9.2.1. Air Purifying:

a. Half-mask with HEPA filters: to be used when the airborne concentration does not exceed 2 f/cc and has a protection factor of 10.

b. Full facepiece with HEPA filters: to be used when the airborne concentration does not exceed 10 f/cc and has a protection factor of 50.

c. Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) with HEPA filters: to be used when the airborne concentration does not exceed 20 f/cc and has a protection factor of 100.

5.4.9.2.2. Air Supplying: (use of grade D air)

a. Continuous flow supplied air: to be used when the airborne concentration does not exceed 20 f/cc and has a protection factor of 100.

b. Pressure demand supplied air: to be used when the airborne concentration does not exceed 200 f/cc and has a protection factor of 1000.

c. Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA): to be used when the airborne concentration exceeds 200 f/cc and has a protection factor greater than 1000.

5.4.9.2.3. Approved Respirators: NIOSH/MSHA

Must have TC number

5.4.9.3. FIT TEST: Fit tests are only required for half mask and full facepiece air purifying respirators and should be done according to 29 CFR 1910.1001, Appendix C and 29 CFR 19261101.

5.4.9.3.1. Qualitative fit testing:

a. Positive pressure test

b. Negative pressure test

c. Irritant smoke test

Positive and negative pressure fit testing must be done every time the respirator is used. It is also part of the irritant smoke test which must be done every six months. Prior to doing a fit test for the first time on an employee, said employee must have had a physical in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1001 (l) and 29 CFR 1926.1101.

5.4.9.4. CARE AND MAINTENANCE: Care and maintenance of the respirator should be done according to the manufacturer's instructions.

5.4.9.5. RESPIRATOR PROGRAM: In accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134 (b), a respirator program must be developed and maintained.

Glossary

1. Accessible - when referring to ACM means that the material is subject to disturbance by building occupants or custodial/maintenance personnel in the course of their normal activity.

2. Accredited or Accreditation (person or laboratory) - a person or laboratory accredited in accordance with section 206 of Title II of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

3. Actinolite - one of six asbestiform or fibrous minerals. A member of the Amphibole group. It is not normally commercially used.

4. Aggressive method - removal or disturbance of building material by sanding, abrading, grinding, or other methods that breaks, crumbles or disintegrates intact ACM.

5. Airline Respirator - a supplied air respirator using grade D breathable air that is delivered to the worker at the proper pressure via a flexible hose or trunk line. The delivery system has the option of three valves: continuous flow, pressure demand or demand.

6. Air lock - a system of enclosures consisting of two polyethylene curtained doorways at least 3 feet apart that does not permit air movement between clean and contaminated area.

7. Air purifying respirators - two types of respirators that filter out the hazardous contaminant in the atmosphere without providing fresh air. These respirators cannot be used in atmospheres with less than 19.5% oxygen. The 2 types of respirators are half-mask and fullface.

8. Air Monitoring - the process of measuring the fiber content of a specific volume of air.

9. Amended Water - water to which a surfactant has been added to decrease the surface tension.

10. Amosite - one of six asbestiform or fibrous minerals. A member of the Amphibole group. It is a form of commercially available asbestos.

11. Anthophyllite - one of six asbestiform or fibrous minerals. A member of the Amphibole group. It is a form of commercially available asbestos.

12. Area sample - stationary air sample used to monitor for a hazardous condition and taken at a stationary location within the test atmosphere. It is not tied to a particular worker's exposure.

13. Asbestos - a generic name given to a number of naturally occurring hydrated mineral silicates that possess unique crystalline structures, are incombustible in air, and are separable into fibers. This includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, and any of these minerals that has been chemically treated and/or altered.

14. Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) - any material containing more than 1%, by weight, of asbestos of any type or mixture of types. Asbestos Debris - pieces of asbestos containing material that can be identified by color, texture, or composition, and includes dust, if the dust is determined by an accredited inspector to be asbestos containing material.

15. Asbestos Debris - pieces of asbestos containing material that can be identified by color, texture, or composition and includes dust, if the dust is determined to be asbestos containing.

16. Authorized Person - any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas. This also refers to the owner, owner's representative, testing personnel, architect/engineer, emergency personnel or representative of any federal, state or local regulatory or other agency having authority over the project.

17. Barrier - any surface that seals off the work area to inhibit the movement of fibers.

18. Breathing zone (BZ) - area within 12 inches around the nose and mouth of the worker that a personal air sample is taken.

19. Chrysotile - the only asbestiform or fibrous mineral of the serpentine group of minerals. Amounts to over 90% of the asbestos commercially used.

20. Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) - an industrial hygienist certified in the comprehensive practice by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene.

21. Class I asbestos work - activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM.

22. Class II asbestos work - activities involving the removal of ACM which is not TSI or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to the removal of asbestos containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastics.

23. Class III asbestos work - repair and maintenance operations, where "ACM" including thermal system insulation and surfacing material is likely to be disturbed.

24. Class IV asbestos work - maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact ACM and PACM and activities to clean up waste and debris containing ACM and PACM.

25. Clean Room - an uncontaminated room having facilities for the storage of employees' street clothing and uncontaminated materials and equipment.

26. Competent Person - one who is capable of identifying existing asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite hazards in the workplace and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, as specified in 29 CFR 1926.32 (f). The duties of the competent person include at least the following: establishing the negative-pressure enclosure, ensuring its integrity, and controlling entry to and exit from the enclosure; supervising any employee exposure monitoring required by the standard; ensuring that all employees working within such an enclosure wear the appropriate personal protective equipment, are trained in the use of appropriate methods of exposure control, and use the hygiene facilities and decontamination procedures specified in the standard; and ensuring that engineering controls in use are in proper operating condition and are functioning properly.

27. Continuous flow valve - one of 3 types of valves on a supplied air respirator that delivers air continuously to the facepiece at a constant rate. Uses the greatest amount of supplied air.

28. Critical barrier - one or more layers of plastic sealed over all openings into a work area or any other similarly placed physical barrier sufficient to prevent airborne asbestos in a work area from migrating to an adjacent area.

29. Crocidolite - one of six asbestiform or fibrous minerals. A member of the Amphibole group. It is a form of commercially available asbestos.

30. Decontamination unit - consist of a clean room, which is directly open to the outside, next to the shower, and is the place to hold "street" clothes and put on protective equipment. The next room is the shower room. Finally the equipment or dirty room, which is used to hold contaminated equipment for decontamination and for worker to remove protective clothing.

31. Demand valve - one of 3 types of valves on a supplied air respirator that delivers air to the facepiece upon inhalation demand of the wearer. Uses the least amount of supplied air.

32. Demolition - the wreaking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member and any related razing, removing, or stripping of asbestos products.

33. Disposal Bag - properly labeled, 6 - mil thick, leak - tight plastic bags used for transporting asbestos waste from the work area and to disposal site.

34. Eight hour time weighted average (TWA) - concentration of contaminants on an air sample taken over an 8 hour work period to determine exposure.

35. Employee Exposure - that exposure to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, or a combination of these minerals, that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protective equipment.

36. Encapsulant - a material that surrounds or embeds asbestos fibers in an adhesive matrix, to prevent release of fibers. A bridging encapsulant is one that forms a discrete layer on the surface of an in situ asbestos matrix. A penetrating encapsulant is one that is absorbed by the in situ asbestos matrix without leaving a discrete surface layer. A removal encapsulant is one that is specifically designed to minimize fiber release during removal of asbestos containing materials rather than for in situ encapsulation.

37. Enclosure - the construction of an air tight, impermeable, permanent barrier around asbestos containing material to control the release of asbestos fibers into the air.

38. Equipment Room (change room) - a contaminated room located within the decontamination area that is supplied with impermeable bags or containers for the disposal of contaminated protective clothing and equipment.

39. Fiber - a particulate form of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite, 5 micrometers (um) or longer, with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to 1.

40. Friable asbestos - any materials that contain more than 1% asbestos and can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduce to a powder by hand pressure.

41. Glovebag - a sack (typically constructed of 6 - mil transparent polyethylene) with inward projecting long sleeve gloves, which are designed to enclose an object from which an asbestos containing material is to be removed.

42. Grade D breathable air - breathing air which has between 19.5% - 23% oxygen, no more than 5 mg/m3 of condensed hydrocarbons, no more than 20 ppm of carbon monoxide, no pronounced odor, and a maximum of 1,000 ppm carbon dioxide.

43. Half-mask respirator - covers one-half of the wearer's face and is equipped with filters capable of screening out 99.97% if all particles larger than 0.3 microns.

44. Heat Stress - a bodily disorder associated with exposure to excessive heat. Heat stress can cause heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.

45. High-efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter - a filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97% of all monodispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter or larger. These filters are typically used for both the respirator systems and the vacuum systems.

46. Homogenous Area - means an area of surfacing material, thermal system insulation material, or miscellaneous material that is uniform in color and texture.

47. Intact - the ACM has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that it is no longer likely to be bound with its matrix.

48. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) approved respirators - any kind of respirator approved for use by OSHA. They have been tested for their particular application and bear a printed number and explanation tag explaining their application.

49. Negative Initial Exposure Assessment - a demonstration by the employer, which show that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the PELs.

50. PACM - presumed asbestos containing material. This includes suspect material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980.

51. Personal Air Monitoring - the sampling of the asbestos fiber concentrations within the breathing zone of an employee.

52. Pressure demand valve - one of 3 types of valves on a supplied air respirator that delivers air to the facepiece whenever a drop occurs in the positive pressure built up in the facepiece.

53. Pressure Differential and Ventilation System - a local exhaust system, utilizing HEPA filtration, capable of maintaining a pressure differential that will keep the inside of the Work Area at lower pressure than any adjacent area, and which cleans recirculated air and generates a constant air flow from adjacent areas into the work area.

54. Qualitative fit test - a method of testing a respirator's face-to-facepiece seal by covering the inhalation or exhalation valve and breathing in or out to determine the presence of any leaks. Also tested with the use of irritant smoke to detect leaks.

55. Removal - the taking out or stripping of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite.

56. Regulated area - an area established by the employer to demarcate areas where lass I, II, and III asbestos work is conducted.

57. Renovation - the modifying of any structure, or portion thereof, where exposure to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite may result.

58. Surfacing Material - means material in a building that is sprayed-on, troweled-on, or otherwise applied to surfaces, such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing material on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes.

59. Surfactant - wetting agent, reduces the surface tension of water making it wetter.

60. Thermal System Insulation (TSI) - means material in a building applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts, or other interior structural components to prevent heat loss or gain, or water condensation, or for other purposes.

61. Tremolite - one of six asbestiform or fibrous minerals. It is rarely used commercially.

62. Visible Emissions - any emissions containing particulate asbestos material that are visually detectable without the aid of instruments. This does not include condensed uncombined water vapor.

63. Wet Cleaning - the process of eliminating asbestos contamination from building surfaces and objects by using cloths, mops, or other cleaning utensils which have been dampened with amended water or diluted removal encapsulant and afterwards thoroughly decontaminated or disposed of as asbestos contaminated material.

64. Work Area - the regulated area. The area where asbestos related work or removal operations are performed which is defined and/or isolated to prevent the spread of asbestos dust, fibers, or debris, and entry by unauthorized personnel.

Sampling

5.4.11. SAMPLING:

5.4.11.1 WORK REQUIRED: The Contractor shall inspect, sample and identify, by amount, location and type, the ACM in the buildings to be named on each service order, in accordance with 40 CFR 763, Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) and 29 CFR 1926.1101 inspection standards. Visual homogeneous assumption, from building to building is not acceptable, except for floor covering and roofing material.

5.4.11.2. LOCATION: Surveys shall include bulk sampling of all suspected ACM both inside and outside, either under, around or on top, of the buildings, as specified on each service order. These items shall include, but not be limited to, thermal system insulation (TSI), surfacing material (either decorative or insulating, interior or exterior), roofing material, flooring and plaster material.

5.4.11.3. SAMPLING: Inspection and sampling shall be done by AHERA (40 CFR 763 subpart E, appendix C) accredited inspectors.

5.4.11.3.1. A visual inspection, by the Contractor's inspection personnel, of each building shall be done, prior to samples being taken.

5.4.11.3.2. Sampling areas shall be marked on a building floor plan.

5.4.11.4. SAMPLING ANALYSIS: An EPA accredited laboratory shall be used to analyze the asbestos samples. Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with 40 CFR 763.87 and subpart F, appendix A. The laboratory shall also be NVLAP accredited and recommended accreditation by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) and shall be proficient in the round robin of Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) of asbestos samples conducted through The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). All bulk samples shall be tested by polarized light microscopy (PLM) with dispersion staining.

Regulations

5.4.12. Asbestos Related Regulations (Code of Federal Regulations)