TOP_02-2-611_STANDARD_OBSTACLES_(17_Mar_10).pdf

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

17-03-2010

2. REPORT TYPE

Final

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 2-2-611 Standard Obstacles

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHORS

5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

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7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Automotive Instrumentation Division (TEDT-AT-AD-I) US Army Aberdeen Test Center 400 Colleran Road Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5059

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

TOP 2-2-611

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Test Business Management Division (TEDT-TMB) US Army Developmental Test Command 314 Longs Corner Road Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5055

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ACRONYM(S)

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Same as item 8

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), AD No.:

This TOP supersedes TOP 2-2-611, dated 25 June 1980

14. ABSTRACT

This TOP describes test methods used for evaluating a vehicle's capability to negotiate standard obstacles that simulate various conditions encountered during the performance of its mission. Included are procedures for testing a vehicle's ability for bridging, wall climbing, trench crossing, frame twisting, ascending loading ramps, and crossing a prepared rubble pile. Also included are a profile sketch of the various obstacles and representative photos of a vehicle scaling each obstacle.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Bridging Wall climbing Aircraft loading ramps Standard trench Probability density function Trench crossing Wave course Rubble pile Frame twister Wave number spectrum

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF

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a. REPORT B. ABSTRACT C. THIS PAGE

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18

US ARMY DEVELOPMENTAL TEST COMMAND

TEST OPERATIONS PROCEDURE

DTIC AD No.

Test Operations Procedure 2-2-611 17 March 2010

STANDARD OBSTACLES

Page Paragraph 1. SCOPE

2. FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION

2.1 Facilities

2.2 Instrumentation

2.3 Specialized Equipment

3. REQUIRED TEST CONDITIONS

3.1 Preparation for Test

3.2 Test Controls

3.3 Restrictions

4. TEST PROCEDURES

4.1 Bridging

4.2 Vertical Obstacle

4.3 Standard Trench

4.4 Wave (Frame-Twister) Course

4.5 Simulated Loading Ramp

4.6 Rubble Pile

5. DATA REQUIRED

5.1 Bridging

5.2 Vertical Obstacle

5.3 Standard Trench

5.4 Frame-Twister Course

5.5 Simulated Loading Ramp

5.6 Rubble Pile

6. PRESENTATION OF DATA

APPENDIX A. RUBBLE PILE DESCRIPTION ........................................................ A-1 B. REFERENCES ................................................................................... B-1

*This TOP supersedes TOP 2-2-611, dated 25 June 1980.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

TOP 2-2-611

17 March 2010

1. SCOPE.

This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) describes the test methods to be utilized in evaluating a vehicle’s capability to negotiate standard obstacles that simulate various conditions encountered during the performance of their mission. Included are procedures for evaluating a vehicle’s bridging, wall climbing, trench crossing and twisting capabilities, and its ability to negotiate standard aircraft and landing craft ramps.

Other obstacles, which include slopes, various size washboards, etc., are described in TOPs 2-2-6101** and 1-1-0112.

2. FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION.

2.1 Facilities.

Item Requirement Bridging Device This device, located at the Aberdeen Test Center

(ATC), provides an adjustable gap for measuring the maximum opening a vehicle can span when unsupported. Reference Figure 1.

Vertical Obstacle A vertical wall constructed to the specified height using replaceable timbers with a squared edge on the top and a concrete approach surface at the bottom. The ATC facility includes permanent walls of 46, 61, 92 and 107 cm (18, 24, 36 and 42 in.) in height.

Reference Figure 2.

Standard Trench This trench, located at ATC, is formed by the intersection of two concrete surfaces, each at a 36-percent longitudinal grade. Reference Figure 3.

Wave (frame-twister) Course This course, located at ATC, is constructed of concrete to the specifications shown in Figure 4.

Simulated Loading Ramps Two separate concrete-surfaced ramps angled 15 and 20 degrees to the horizontal that simulate various aircraft and landing craft ramps. Reference Figure 5.

Rubble Pile This course is located in the Perryman Test Area (PTA) of ATC. It is approximately 100 feet in length consisting of large boulders, and pieces of concrete and steel. A detailed description of the rubble pile in terms of course vertical displacement as a function of distance is presented in Appendix A.

** Superscript numbers correspond to those in Appendix B, References.

Figure 1. Plan and Isometric View of Bridging Device.

Figure 2. Vertical Obstacle Facility.

Figure 3. Plan and Profile of Trench-Crossing Facility.

Figure 4. Plan and Isometric View of Wave Course.

Figure 5. Simulated Loading Ramp, 20-degree Slope.

2.2 Instrumentation.

Devices for Measuring Permissible Measurement Uncertainty(see NOTE 1) Distance 0.3% Angle 0.5 deg

NOTE 1: The permissible measurement uncertainty is the two-standard deviation value for normally distributed instrumentation calibration data. Thus 95% of all instrumentation calibration data readings will fall within two standard deviations from the known calibration value.

2.3 Specialized Equipment.

Still cameras and/or video cameras to record vehicle-to-surface contact during obstacle negotiation attempts.

3. REQUIRED TEST CONDITIONS.

3.1 Preparation for Test.

a. Review all instructional material issued with the test vehicle by the manufacturer, contractor, or government, and reports of previous similar tests on the same types of vehicles.

b. Select the applicable test facilities to be used based on the requirements documents and purpose of the test. Review the applicable test procedures listed in the detailed test plan.

c. Prepare data collection sheets to record all pre-test information, conditions of test, test results, observations, and measurements that would be valuable in analysis and assessment.

d. Ensure that all test personnel are familiar with the required technical and operational characteristics of the item, and with the required test procedures.

3.2 Test Controls.

Prior to testing ensure that:

a. The vehicle has been prepared and equipped in accordance with standard use and/or within the specifications presented in the test plan. Particular attention should be given to track tension, tire pressures, and fuel and oil levels.

b. The vehicle is payloaded in accordance with the test plan.

c. If applicable, the gun is positioned per test instructions.

d. The vehicle has received the proper break-in operation.

3.3 Restrictions.

Tests are not conducted at night or during inclement weather. Test course safety and operational procedures will be carefully followed.

4. TEST PROCEDURES.

4.1 Bridging (tracked vehicles only).

The bridging limit is defined as the maximum free space that a slowly moving vehicle can cross, starting from a level platform with a straight lateral edge and crossing to a like surface at the same level.

a. Set the bridging test device (Figure 6) at an initial opening that is within the ability of the test vehicle to span as determined from its overall length and longitudinal center of gravity component.

b. Operate the test vehicle over the set opening at minimal speed. Increase the device opening by suitable increments until the bridging limit is reached.

c. Repeat the procedure in the reverse direction, if required.

Figure 6. Vehicle Negotiating Bridging Device.

4.2 Vertical Obstacle.

Wall climbing ability is a characteristic that is measured for all tactical vehicles. Maximum capability may be limited by projections from the vehicle that extend beyond the wheels or tracks.

a. With both tracks or front wheels of the test vehicle placed in contact with the wall (Figure 7), apply sufficient power to climb the obstacle. A successful negotiation is considered only when the vehicle passes completely over the wall. The use of steering during the climbing attempt is allowed only to keep the vehicle aligned perpendicular to the wall.

b. When required, the test is repeated with the vehicle operated in the reverse direction.

c. When required, the test is repeated with the vehicle operated in the descending mode at wall heights equal to the maximum attained in the ascending mode.

d. If the test vehicle fails to climb the designated wall as prescribed, an attempt can be made with the vehicle aligned at an angle less than 90° to the wall where only one track or front wheel makes initial contact.

Figure 7. Vehicle Ascending Vertical Wall.

4.3 Standard Trench.

Trench-crossing tests are conducted to determine whether a vehicle has angles of approach, and departure, and ground clearance that are adequate to allow negotiation of an obstacle that has been accepted as a standard of comparison. The standard trench has a concrete surface, but whenever insufficient traction occurs, i.e. steel tracks, an earthen ditch of the same configuration may be substituted (Figure 8).

a. Attempt trench crossing in forward direction only, with the test vehicle perpendicular to the trench.

b. If vehicle fails to cross the trench during its initial test, attempts with the vehicle at angles less than 90° will be made.

Figure 8. Vehicle Negotiating Standard Trench.

4.4 Wave (Frame-Twister) Course.

Wheeled vehicles only are operated over the frame twister course to determine the following:

a. The vehicle design provides sufficient strength and clearance to allow for extreme articulation, horizontally and vertically, of wheels, shock absorbers, springs, support arms, stops, and engine and power train components.

b. The frame, body, and their associated components have adequate stiffness or flexibility.

c. Any part of the body, hood, compartment latches, controls, engine, power train or suspension operates improperly or becomes misaligned.

To determine the above:

a. Operate the test vehicle over the wave course (Figure 9) utilizing a reasonable range of speeds and gears.

b. Stop the vehicle at a point on the course where the maximum twist and the extremes of vertical suspension occur, so that the operation of the doors, controls, dump bodies, engine hoods, etc., can be checked under the most severe conditions.

Figure 9. Vehicle Negotiating Wave Course.

4.5 Simulated Loading Ramp.

Tactical vehicles designed for transportation by either aircraft or ramp-equipped landing craft must be capable of entering and exiting the transporting vehicle by means of an inclined surface or ramp. The simulated loading ramp (Figure 10) enables vehicles to be tested for adequacy of approach and departure angles, ground clearance, and freedom of interference at the point of articulation between towed and towing vehicles.

a. Make two attempts to negotiate the prescribed ramp(s).

b. Testing will be performed in both directions.

Figure 10. Vehicle Ascending 20-degree Loading Ramp.

4.6 Rubble Pile.

This test is conducted to determine a test vehicle’s ability to negotiate a test course consisting of large boulders and pieces of concrete and steel (Figure 11).

a. Perform test in the forward direction only.

b. Make two attempts to negotiate the course.

Figure 11. Vehicle Negotiating Rubble Pile at PTA.

5. DATA REQUIRED.

5.1 Bridging.

a. The bridging limit in the forward direction, and reverse direction if required.

b. Location of vehicle contact, other than the tracks, with the edge of the platform.

5.2 Vertical Obstacle.

a. Maximum height of wall traversed in the ascending mode, and in the descending mode and/or reverse direction when required.

b. Vehicle angle to the wall when less than 90°.

c. Location of vehicle contact with the wall or ground during the climb.

5.3 Standard Trench.

a. Dimensions of trench if other than the standard.

b. Vehicle-to-trench approach angle and the vehicle’s success for each crossing attempt.

c. Location of any vehicle-to-trench contact during each attempt.

5.4 Frame-Twister Course.

a. Description of test course if other than that presented.

b. Observations and photographs of any contact between body components and the ability of those components to function at maximum twist angle.

c. Speed and gearing of the test vehicle during test operations.

5.5 Simulated Loading Ramp.

a. Description of ramp if other than those shown.

b. Successes and failures of the test vehicle to negotiate the designated ramp.

c. Vehicle-to ramp contact points, and damage, if any.

5.6 Rubble Pile.

a. Successes and failures of the test vehicle to negotiate the course.

b. Location of any vehicle-to-course contact points.

6. PRESENTATION OF DATA.

Tabulate the results of the vehicle attempts to negotiate specific obstacles and compare them to the requirements and to a baseline vehicle when specified. Photographs should be taken to document significant results.

A-1

APPENDIX A. RUBBLE PILE DESCRIPTION.

The rubble pile test course vertical displacement as a function of distance was determined for three tracks by a hand survey using a sample frequency of 2 samples per foot (6-inch increments). The spatial history (vertical displacement as a function of distance) for the left, center, and right tracks is presented in Figure A-1. The mean value of each track has been removed from the data set for all analyses. A probability density function and a wave number spectrum based on the combination of the three tracks are presented in Figures A-2 and A-3, respectively.

Test Course Microprofile ATC Rubble Pile - Left, Center and Right Tracks

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Distance - Feet

D is pl ac em en t - In ch es

Left Track Center Track Right Track

Mean value removed from each track

Figure A-1. ATC Rubble Pile Course Spatial History.

A-2

Test Course Microprofile Probability Density Function ATC Rubble Pile - Left, Center and Right Tracks (Combined)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Displacement - Inches

Pe rc en t o f D is tri bu tio n

Left, Center, Right Tracks Normal Distribution Statistics

Mean: 0.19 Min: -28.98 Max: 22.80 Std Dev: 11.02 Skewness: -0.91 Kurtosis: 3.24

Figure A-2. ATC Rubble Pile Course Probability Density Function.

Test Course Microprofile Wave Number Spectrum ATC Rubble Course

Average of Left, Center and Right Tracks

0.001

0.010

0.100

1.000

10.000

100.000

0.010 0.100 1.000

Wave Number (Cycle/Ft)

PS

D

M ag ni tu de (F t2 /C yc le /F t)

RMS Roughness = 7.22 Inches (1 to 60 ft)

Figure A-3. ATC Rubble Pile Course Wave Number Spectrum.

B-1

APPENDIX B. REFERENCES.

1. Test Operating Procedure (TOP) 2-2-610, Gradeability and Side Slope Performance, 03 December 2009.

2. TOP 1-1-011, Vehicle Test Facilities at Aberdeen Proving Ground, 6 July 1981.

Forward comments, recommended changes, or any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this publication to the following address: Test Business Management Division (TEDT-TMB), US Army Developmental Test Command, 314 Longs Corner Road Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5055. Technical information may be obtained from the preparing activity: Automotive Instrumentation Division (TEDT-AT-AD-I), US Army Aberdeen Test Center, 400 Colleran Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005.

Additional copies can be requested through the following website:

http://itops.dtc.army.mil/RequestForDocuments.aspx, or through the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J. Kingman Rd., STE 0944, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060- 6218. This document is identified by the accession number (AD No.) printed on the first page.

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