Attachment_6._USAFA_Design_Standards_Part1.pdf

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2011

USAFA DESIGN STANDARDS

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6 Apr 2011

DESIGN STANDARDS

USAFA Design Standards

Prepared for:

The United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO Revised by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP - October 2004 Revised May 2005 Revised by URS Group - April 2011

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

USAFADESIGN STANDARDSDESIGN STANDARDS

Location Map

This color coding system is replicated throughout the Design Standards where sub-area location is relevant

Sub-areas

Cadet Area 1

Service and Supply Area 2

Airfield 3

Community Center Area 4

Housing Areas 5

Special Function Areas

Training Areas 6

Medical Center 7

Falcon Stadium 8

Cemetery 9

Fire Stations 10

Infrastructure Nodes 11

Tourist Visitor Areas 12

Base Entrances 13

Static Display Aircraft 14

Schools 15

Historic Resources 16

Eisenhower Golf Course 17

Farish Memorial (not on map)

Landscape

Designated Landscape

General Landscape

Natural Landscape

Transportation Corridors

Corridors

The Design Standards are organized into seven sections that encompass all design tasks relevant to the campus. These sections include Buildings, Circulation, Open Space, Utilities / Lighting, Furnishings, Signage, and Monuments. Each section begins with a reference chart, which can be used to locate the relevant standards for the design task you are performing.

Within the chapter, there is a color-coding system for sub-areas:

How to use the USAFA Design Standards

Name of the sub-area is highlighted

Color appears in strip on side of page for reference

SECOND, locate the type of work you are doing

FIRST, determine which section applies to your task by consulting the table of contents; locate the section in the document

THIRD, locate the design phase you are in

FINALLY, match the column and row to find the chapter you need

References to other Academy documents

USAFA Design Standards

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Attachment 6

USAFA

i

Table of Contents

1. BUILDINGS

1.1 Building Planning Principles

Overview and Introduction 2 Master Plan Goals Campus 3 Cadet Area 4 Community Center Area 6 Service & Supply Area 7 Airfield 7 Housing Areas 8

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 10 Design Framework 11 Design Element Standards 12 Type I: Academic & Training / Athletics (Cadet Area) 16 Type II: Cadet Quarters (Cadet Area) 18 Type III: Cadet Dining Hall (Cadet Area) 19 Type IV: Services (Community Center Area) 20 Type V: Administration (Service & Supply Area) 22 Type VI: Industrial (Service & Supply Area) 23 Type VII: Hangar (Airfield) 24 Type VIII: Services / Residential (Housing Areas) 25 Type IX: Fire Stations 26

1.3 Building Enclosure

Construction Guidelines Overview and Introduction 28 Performance 28 Cadet Area Buildings 30 Community Center Area and Fire Stations Buildings 48 Service and Supply Area and Airfield Buildings 54 Housing Areas Buildings 58

1.4 Interior Spaces Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 60 Design Framework 61 Design Element Standards 62 Type I: Instructional Spaces 62 Type II: Administrative Spaces 64 Type III: Toilet, Locker and Shower Rooms 66 Type IV: Dormitory Rooms and Support Spaces 68 Type V: Dining Hall 70 Type VI: Athletic Facilities 72 Type VII: Retail / Recreational / Service Functions 72 Type VIII: Cafés / Restaurants / Bookstores / Clubs 72

1.5 Interior Spaces

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 74 Performance 75 Type I: Instructional Spaces 76 Type II: Administrative Spaces 80 Type III: Toilet, Locker and Shower Rooms 84 Type IV: Dormitory Rooms, Dormitory Support Spaces 88 Type V: Dining Hall 90

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Table of Contents

3. OPEN SPACE

3.0 Open Space | Landscape Design Stds.

Overview and Introduction 142 General Landscape Concepts 144 Landscape Types (I-IV) 148 General Landscape Design Standards 160 Area Specific Concepts and Standards 178

1. Native Landscape 180

2. Entry Gates 182

3. Road System 186

4. Cadet Area 190

5. Medical Center/Academy Drive 198

6. Community Center 202

7. Housing Areas (Privatized) 208

8. Airfield 210

9. Service & Supply Area 214

10. Falcon Stadium 216

11. Special Areas 222 Planting List 232

3.1 Open Space Planning Principles

Overview and Introduction 236 Type I: Formal Landscape 238 Type II: Informal Landscape 238 Type III: Natural Landscape 238 Type IV: Special Landscape 240

3.2 Open Space Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 242 Type I: Formal Landscape 242 Type II: Informal Landscape 244 Type III: Natural Landscape 244 Type IV: Special Landscape 246

3.3 Open Space Construction Guidelines

Overview and Introduction 250 A Paving / Surfacing 250 B Retaining Walls 252 C Exterior Stairs 252 D Plantings 252

2. CIRCULATION

2.1 Site Circulation Planning Principles

Overview and Introduction 94 Campus Circulation 95 Cadet Area Circulation 97 Community Center Area Circulation 98 Housing Areas Circulation 98 Service and Supply Area Circulation 99 Airfield Circulation 99

2.2 Site Circulation Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 100 I Roads 100 II Parking 102 III Pathways 102

2.3 Site Circulation

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 104 A Paving / Surfacing 104 B Curbs / Drainage 104

2.4 Interior Circulation Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 106 Design Framework 107 Design Element Standards 108 Type IX: Primary Circulation Corridors 108 Type X: Secondary Circulation Corridors 112 Type XI: Lobbies and Stairways 114 Type XII: Elevator Lobbies 118

2.5 Interior Circulation

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 120 Performance 121 Type IX: Primary Circulation Corridors 122 Type X: Secondary Circulation Corridors 128 Type XI: Lobbies and Stairways 130 Type XII: Elevator Lobbies 138

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4. UTILITIES / LIGHTING

4.1 Site Utilities / Lighting

Design Principles Overview and Introduction 256 Site Utilities 256 A Utility System 256 B Drainage System 258 Site Lighting 258 D Light Fixtures 258

4.2 Site Utilities / Lighting

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 260 Site Utilities 260 A Utility System 260 B Drainage System 260 Site Lighting 260 C Light Fixtures 260

4.3 Building Exterior Utilities / Lighting

Design Principles Overview and Introduction 262 Building Exterior Utilities 262 Building Exterior Lighting 264 Type I: Academic & Training Athletics (Cadet Area) 264 Type II: Cadet Quarters (Cadet Area) 264 Type III: Cadet Dining (Cadet Area) 264 Type IV: Services / Residential (Community Center Area) 264 Type V: Administration (Service and Supply Area) 264 Type VIII: Services / Residential (Housing Areas) 264 Type IX: Fire Stations 264

4.4 Building Exterior Utilities / Lighting

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 266 Building Exterior Utilities 266 A Mechanical 266 B Electrical 266 Building Exterior Lighting 268 C Recessed Downlights 268

F Wall Washers 268

4.5 Interior Utilities / Lighting

Design Principles Overview and Introduction 270 Interior Utilities 272 A Mechanical 272 B Electrical 272 C Security / Safety Interior Lighting 274 Type I: Instructional Spaces 274 Type II: Administrative Spaces 274 Type III: Toilet, Locker and Shower Rooms 274 Type IV: Dormitory Rooms and Support Spaces 276 Type V: Dining Hall 276 Type VI: Athletic Facilities 276 Type VII: Retail / Recreational / Service Functions 276 Type VIII: Cafés / Restaurants / Bookstores / Clubs 276 Type IX: Primary Circulation Corridors 276 Type X: Secondary Circulation Corridors 276 Type XI: Lobbies and Stairways 276 Type XII: Elevator Lobbies 276

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Table of Contents

4.6 Interior Utilities / Lighting

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 278 Interior Utilities 278 A Mechanical 278 B Electrical 278 C Security / Safety 278 Interior Lighting 280 D Recessed Fluorescents 280 E Ceiling-mounted Fluorescents 280 F Recessed Downlights 280 G Wall Washers 280 H Halogen Lights 280

5. FURNISHINGS

5.1 Site Furnishings Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 284 A Structures 284 B Walls and Fences 284 C Bollards 284 D Site Furniture 286 E Equipment 286 F Service Equipment 286

5.2 Site Furnishings

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 288 A Structures 288 B Walls and Fences 288 C Bollards 288 D Site Furniture 290 E Equipment 290 F Service Equipment 290

5.3 Interior Furnishings Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 292 Type I: Instructional Spaces 294 Type II: Administrative Spaces 294 Type III: Toilet, Locker and Shower Rooms 296 Type IV: Dormitory Rooms and Support Spaces 296 Type V: Dining Hall 298 Type IX: Primary Circulation Corridors 298 Type XI: Lobbies and Stairways / Type XII: Elevator Lobbies 300 Equipment 302

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6. SIGNAGE

6.1 Site Signage Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 312 A Directional Signs 313 B Base Entrance Signs 313 C Reserved Parking Signs 313 D Street Signs / Campus Interior Circulation Signs 313

6.2 Site Signage Construction Standards

Overview and Introduction 314

6.3 Building Signage Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 316 A Building Signs 316 B Marquee Signs 316 C Commercial Signs 316

6.4 Building Signage

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 318 A Building Signs 318 B Marquee Signs 318

5.4 Interior Furnishings

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 304 Type I: Instructional Spaces 304 Type II: Administrative Spaces 304 Type III: Toilet, Locker and Shower Rooms 306 Type IV: Dormitory Rooms and Support Spaces 306 Type V: Dining Hall 306 Type IX: Primary Circulation Corridors 308 Type XI: Lobbies / Type XII: Elevator Lobbies 308 Equipment 308

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7. MONUMENTS

7.1 Site Monuments Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 330 A Court of Honor Precinct 332 B Chapel Precinct 332 C Memorial Retaining Walls, Terrazzo Precinct 334 D Cadet Area Lawn, Terrazzo Precinct 334 E Air Garden, Terrazzo Precinct 334 F Courtyards Fairchild Hall, Arnold Hall 334 G Association of Graduates Precinct 334 H Visitor Area Precincts 336 I Aircraft Display Precinct 336 J Cemetery Precinct 336

7.2 Site Monuments Construction

Standards Overview and Introduction 338 A Court of Honor Precinct 338 B Chapel Precinct 338 C Memorial Retaining Walls, Terrazzo Precinct 338 D Cadet Area Lawn, Terrazzo Precinct 340 E Air Garden, Terrazzo Precinct 340 F Courtyards Fairchild Hall, Arnold Hall 340 G Visitor Area Precincts 340 I Cemetery Precinct 340

6.5 Interior Signage Design Principles

Overview and Introduction 320 A Informational Signs 322 B Identification Signs 322 C Directional Signs 324 D Regulation Signs 324 E Bulletin Boards 324

6.6 Interior Signage

Construction Standards Overview and Introduction 326 A Informational Signs 326 B Identification Signs 326

Table of Contents

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1. BUILDINGS

USAFA

and you are doing

Landscape Design, in the Concept Design Phase, in the Schematic Design Phase, in the Detail Design / Installation Phase, Civil/Traffic Engineering,

1.1 Building

Planning Principles Campus Cadet Area Community Center Area Service & Supply Area Airfield Housing Areas read this:

1.2 Building Enclosure

Design Principles Design Framework Design Element Standards Types I - IX read this:

1.5 Interior Spaces

Construct. Guidelines Performance Types I - V

1.4 Interior Spaces

Design Principles Design Framework Design Element Standards Types I - VIII read this:

1.1 Building

Planning Principles Campus Cadet Area Community Center Area Service & Supply Area Airfield Housing Areas

Master Planning, Architectural Design, Interior Design, If you are working on the design of a building, and you are:

1.3 Building Enclosure

Construct. Guidelines Cadet Area Buildings Community Center Area and Fire Stations Buildings Service & Supply Area and Airfield Buildings Housing Areas Buildings

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1. BUILDINGS

1.1 Building Planning Principles

Cadet Area

Housing Area

Community Center Area

Housing Area

Service and Supply Area

Airfield

Fig. 1.1.1 Aerial view of campus

The Sub-areas

Overview

These standards preserve the Academy’s master plan design integrity and the aesthetic quality of the campus.

They direct both maintenance and new construction of buildings and structures in a manner which ensures the comprehensive unity of the Academy. All buildings must conform to the standards specified in the following chapters:

1.1 Building Planning Principles p. 2

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles p. 10

1.3 Building Enclosure Construction Guidelines p. 28

GENERAL

Introduction

The campus is composed of sub-areas, special function areas, landscape areas, and transportation corridors as depicted on the location map on the fold out. This chapter discusses master planning goals for buildings, which are limited to the sub-areas (including the Cadet Area, Community Center Area, Service and Supply Area, Airfield, and Housing Areas), and to the special function areas.

In addition to the general planning principles of buildings, which apply to all sub-areas and special function areas, there are specific master plan goals for buildings in each sub-area.

LEED Standards as issued by the U.S. Green Building Council must be considered and applied for all projects. The USAFA goal is to meet a “Silver” rating or greater on all projects.

USAFA Design Standards

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MP / AD

GENERAL

Master Plan Goals: Campus

Organization > Preserve and protect the physical and visual presence of the natural setting and the original architectural character.

> Respect the natural topography of the site and locate buildings to preserve the natural setting. Create a level building pad for all new construction. Buildings are not to step up or down in the landscape.

> Accommodate all expected growth and change to the campus and its facilities within present Academy land holdings and within the defined sub-areas.

> Ensure visual and functional harmony between new and existing development and the natural surroundings.

> Group similar functions together within the sub-areas.

> Prohibit development of numerous small buildings.

> Orient building entrances to the major pedestrian circulation system.

Views The sub-areas of the Academy are separated physically and visually by the valleys and mesas extending out from the Rampart Range.

> Site structures are to take advantage of views.

> Maintain views to and from the sub-areas as well as from access points.

> Maintain the Cadet Area as the most visually prominent portion of the Academy.

New buildings or structures must conform to this principle in terms of their size, height, color and location. New structures or buildings outside of sub-areas must not be visible from the interstate highway.

Governing Grid > All buildings must align with the orthogonal geometry of their sub-area. All buildings are to be sited in a governing grid based on a multiple or division of 7 feet specific to the area.

> Orient all buildings either north-south or east-west.

> Maintain each building module as a division or multiple of the governing grid; coordinate the location of the building module with the governing grid.

> All structural elements are to be on the governing grid. Non-structural walls such as retaining walls are not to be on the governing grid.

Building Form > Reinforce the building character to the use and setting of each sub-area. Each sub-area must be easily identifiable as to its use by the vocabulary of its architecture.

Heights > Floor-to-floor heights of ground level arcaded areas depend on the dimension required to integrate the individual buildings with the established major levels of circulation.

> No buildings or building parts may exceed the established rooftop elevations in a sub-area.

> Align floor elevations with adjacent buildings.

Concept Design

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1.1 Building Planning Principles

CADET AREA

Master Plan Goals: Cadet Area Organization > Preserve integration of cadet education, training and living functions within the Cadet Area.

Keep public functions separate from cadet functions.

> Organize Cadet Area buildings and their functions according to the hierarchy of the major terraced levels. The uppermost level, the Court of Honor, is open to the public; the Terrazzo is limited to buildings with cadet functions; and the Service Level, located 30 feet below the Terrazzo, is intended for the majority of service and vehicular circulation.

Views The Cadet Area occupies the highest, most visually dominant mesa at the Academy.

> Maintain the uncontaminated views to the Cadet Area from approaches, access points and overlooks. New buildings outside of the Cadet Area must not be visible from the north approach roads.

> Site all Cadet Area buildings on the terraced levels.

> Maintain the Cadet Chapel as the architectural focus of the Cadet Area. New buildings must respect the building hierarchy as shown in the diagram.

> Maintain extended open visual corridors established by the primary east-west axis and the two major north-south axes, one focused on the Cadet Chapel and the second extending along the length of the Air Garden.

> Maintain views from the Terrazzo, through the buildings, to the surrounding natural landscape.

Governing Grid > Use the governing grid, a 28-foot orthogonal grid in 7-foot increments superimposed over the entire Cadet Area, for all consideration of dimensions and location of buildings.

Building Form > The visual strength of the Cadet Area is created by the unity of the individual buildings, subordinate to the overall plan. Design decisions for individual buildings are to be strictly guided by the Cadet Area building planning principles.

> Buildings are to be simple geometric shapes lifted off the ground by columns and arcades. All building components must reinforce this expression and avoid visual competition with the Chapel.

> Arcades must be provided at all primary entry levels.

Heights > Building locations above the Cadet Area’s two formal open spaces, the Court of Honor and the Terrazzo, are prohibited.

> No buildings or building parts must exceed an elevation of 7224 feet above sea level (top of Fairchild and Harmon Halls).

> The following floor-to-floor dimensions will allow compatibility of horizontal alignment with the majority of anticipated building conditions:

Academic Classroom 14 feet Academic Laboratory 19 feet Cadet Quarters 9 feet, 4 inches Administrative Office 14 feet Gymnasium 45 feet Social / Recreational Use 14-18 feet Parking 10-12 feet

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Fig. 1.1.5 Governing grid

Fig. 1.1.2 Major levels

Fig. 1.1.4 Axes

Fig. 1.1.3 Building hierarchy, building form and shape

MP / AD Concept Design

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COMMUNITY CENTER AREA

Master Plan Goals: Community Center Area

Organization The Community Center is the mixed-use facility for shopping, service, recreation and day-to-day living needs of all Academy-wide personnel plus off-Academy military and retired personnel. The area also houses the Airman Dormitories which are composed of clustered three-story dormitory / apartment buildings located in the Community Center sub-area of the campus. They are situated away from the public areas of the Community Center and take advantage of views to the south of the ridge.

> Organize Community Center buildings to a tightly unified and pedestrian-based plan.

> Provide covered areas at all primary entries.

> Link the eastern and western portions of the site with the Common, the symbolic center of the area.

Views > Site new buildings to take advantage of views from the mesa top.

Governing Grid > Use the governing grid, a 21-foot orthogonal grid in 7-foot increments superimposed over the entire Community Center Area, for all consideration of dimensions and location of buildings.

Heights > The height of Community Center buildings must not exceed the height of the adjacent vegetation.

1.1 Building Planning Principles

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SERVICE AND SUPPLY AREA

Master Plan Goals: Service and Supply Area

Organization The Service and Supply Area is a semi-public sub-area that provides warehousing, utilities, equipment and administrative support for the entire campus.

> Locate office administrative facilities, individual office buildings and office space mixed with warehousing space on the public approach sides of the area.

> Screen industrial functions, including outdoor storage of vehicles and equipment, behind office buildings.

> Provide sufficient space for outdoor storage to encourage proper yard maintenance and reduce clutter.

> Provide a green planted perimeter at the public side of the site (see Open Space 3.2, 3.3, Type III).

Governing Grid > Use the governing grid, a 21-foot orthogonal grid in 7-foot increments superimposed over the entire Service and Supply Area, for all consideration of dimensions and location of buildings.

AIRFIELD

Master Plan Goals: Airfield

Organization The Airfield is organized around the north-south runways. To the east of the runways are the training and support facilities and the Aero Club, and to the west are the glider, motor, glider and parachute training facilities.

> The addition of major facilities or additional access roads to the auxiliary airfield, located at the north end of the campus, is prohibited.

> Airfield facilities are to be screened from the eastern view.

> Prohibit the construction of any structure at the Airfield that would be in conflict with AFI’s defined obstructions to airspace. No structures may be built that would require airspace waivers from the requirements of these instructions. Conduct Air Installation Compatibility Use Zones (AICUZ) studies to determine the compatibility of development within a 10,200-foot radius of the main airfield and within a 4,200-foot radius of the auxiliary airfield.

MP / AD Concept Design

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HOUSING AREAS

Master Plan Goals: Housing Areas

The Family Housing Areas have been privatized. All proposed changes must be coordinated through 10 CES Project Manager and 10 CES Housing Manager.

1.1 Building Planning Principles

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GENERAL

Introduction

Building enclosures are designed to directly represent and serve the needs of the function housed within. Therefore, each building type of the master plan is functionally and physically distinct.

There are nine categories of building types: Academic and Training / Athletics, Cadet Quarters, Cadet Dining Hall, Community Center Area Services / Residential, Administration, Industrial, Hangar, Housing Areas Services / Residential and Fire Stations. Their design standards are represented by existing standards of original design.

New buildings must follow the design standards of comparable types best related to the area.

Each building type has specific design principles in addition to the general design framework and design elements that apply to all building types.

LEED Standards as issued by the U.S. Green Building Council must be considered and applied for all projects.

The USAFA goal is to meet a “Silver” rating or greater on all projects.

Representative buildings Cadet Area Type I: Academic & Training Fairchild Hall 1 Athletics Gymnasium Type II: Cadet Quarters Vandenberg Hall Type III: Cadet Dining Hall Mitchell Hall

Community Center Area Type IV: Services Community Center Building Residential Cadet Quarters

Service and Supply Area, Airfield Type V: Administration Wing Headquarters Type VI: Industrial Vehicle Maintenance Shop Type VII: Hangar Sail Plane Hangar

Housing Areas Type VIII: The Family Housing Areas have been privatized. All proposed changes must be coordinated through 10 CES Project Manager and 10 CES Housing Manager

Type IX: Fire Stations Fire Station #2

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

Overview

These standards preserve the Academy’s master plan design integrity and the aesthetic quality of the campus.

They direct both maintenance and new construction of buildings and structures in a manner which ensures the comprehensive unity of the Academy. All buildings must conform to the standards specified in the following chapters:

1.1 Building Planning Principles p. 2

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles p. 10

1.3 Building Enclosure Construction Guidelines p. 28

USAFA Design Standards

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GENERAL

Design Framework

Color Color can be defined using its three attributes of hue (red, yellow, blue), value (light, dark), and chrome (bright, neutral).

The primary colors blue, yellow, and red are used throughout the campus to designate building entries and building functions. Generally, blue applies to academic and training functions, yellow applies to housing functions, and red applies to administrative functions.

The overriding color principles at the Academy are chromatic contrast and value contrast.

The predominant materials are chromatically neutral but vary in contrast from white to black. Variety and visual interest are achieved through this value contrast, but it is the overall chromatic control that creates a unifying harmony of materials.

Modules The elements of building enclosure respond to both the natural dimensional properties of the materials and the established building module, which is a division of the governing grid (see Building Planning Principles 1.1). The following dimensions are repeated in the majority of existing building conditions.

Windows Width 7 / 14 feet Height 2.5 feet, 7 feet Drop Soffit, Sill Height 2.5 feet Column Cladding, General Width 21 inches Beam Cladding, General Height 24 inches Doors Width 3.5 feet Height 8 feet Stone Panels Width 3.5 feet Railings Height 3.5 feet Gravel Stop Height 6 inches Major Reveals Width 1.5 inches

Composition The building enclosures are distinct according to the functions they house within. Design order is achieved by standardized, repeated components. Regularly recurring lines, shapes, and colors create an overall composition and rhythm of classic restraint. Visual variety occurs within the composition through the presence of carefully arranged and articulated functionally generated elements.

> All proportions are to follow the proportions depicted in the figures.

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1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

GENERAL

Design Element Standards

Building enclosure elements at the Academy are designed to clarify the structural and non-structural role of each part. The fundamental structural nature of every column, beam, spandrel, window, in-fill panel and mullion is distinguished. Building design is to be dependent on the intrinsic elegance of materials, technical perfection, simple proportions, precision detailing and refined composition.

A Structure > Building structural frames are to be expressed in building enclosures regardless of wall type. The structural expression is to occur at each floor level, at each beam, and at each column at regular intervals on the governing grid.

> Structural elements, such as wall frames and columns, are to meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base. The base is to be flush with the structural element and be articulated with a reveal.

B Walls > Walls are to be non-structural and generally formed by panel sections in a frame.

The walls are to be flush and extend to in-fill the frame completely. The walls are to be bordered on all sides by the structural frame and have no openings.

> The panels are to be sized in dimension and located in relation to the building plan module. Panel joints, where necessary, are to form an orthogonal pattern. Joints between panels and the structural frame are to be articulated with a reveal.

C Accent Walls > Color must be used to distinguish different building types on exterior core walls at entry vestibules, stairs, elevators, mechanical spaces and other functions at the ground floor or entry level (see Design Framework 1.2).

> These accent walls are to extend from floor to ceiling without openings. Openings are to be full height and between wall panels. Intermediate joints should be avoided. If they are necessary, joints must be articulated with a minimal reveal.

> Accent walls must read as planes with a continuous 3/8-inch reveal at the head and a 3/4-inch reverse angle reveal at the sides, terminating in a simple joint at the paving surface.

D Window Walls > Follow original window wall color patterns for all components.

> Window walls are to be formed by in-fill panel sections and set into the building’s structural frame. A primary mullion system surrounds and separates the panels and forms an orthogonal pattern within the structural frame. They are also to express structural beams and floor levels. Primary mullions are to be flush with the structural frame and in mitre. Joints between the primary mullions and the structural frame must be articulated with a reveal.

> Openings in this wall system for ventilation and emergency access are to be framed by a secondary mullion system that allows the panels to slide or hinge open. Secondary mullions are to be flush with primary mullions. Insect screens are to be installed on the interior side of the panels.

> The dimensions and location of window wall panels are related to the building plan module.

The panels are located with vertical dimensions respecting the interior ceiling and floor positions.

> The panel sections are to be composed of a combination of infills.

> Tinted glass is used for transparent areas of window walls. Full-height clear glass panels are to be used at entries.

> Spandrel glass and colored metal panels are to be used to conceal ceiling cavities and convection units and are to be 2.5 feet high. Louver openings are to be full spandrel size.

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Fig. 1.2.1 Building enclosure expresses the structural frame

Fig. 1.2.2 Accent walls at exterior core Fig. 1.2.3 Window walls in the structural frame

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GENERAL

Design Element Standards

> Clear glass is to be used for entry doors. Locate entry doors in window walls shielded by arcades and overhangs.

> Double door entries are to be designed in the 7-foot grid module. Entry doors are to be set back from supporting frame by 1 inch.

E Soffits / Ceiling > Soffits are to be flat and recessed from the edge of the structural frame.

F Roofs > All roofs are to be low slope*. If roofs are visible from buildings, use a light gray membrane waterproofing with hot air welded seams.

> Gravel stops must equal 1/3 of the height of the roof edge or structural beam. Mount gravel stop sheet metal continuously in regular intervals. Recess gravel stop from structural framing by 2 inches.

> Roofs are internally drained. Externally visible drainage elements such as gutters, down-spouts, and scuppers, are prohibited. To maintain a low gravel stop profile, increase the number of drains.

> Mechanical equipment penthouses, elevator overruns and machine rooms, stair enclosures and other major and minor elements must not project above the roof surface.

> Roofs not utilized as a primary walking surface are not to have railings extending above the roof at the edge.

* Design roof system based on the unique requirements of each facility. Incorporate best current roof design practices and current energy goals.

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Fig. 1.2.6 Soffits express the three-dimensional grid Fig. 1.2.7 Low Slope Roof

Fig. 1.2.4 Entry doors on 7-foot grid Fig. 1.2.5 Double doors

7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 28’-0”

8’-0”

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1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

CADET AREA

Type I: Academic & Training / Athletics

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > Freestanding columns must be flush with the facade to define the exterior space of the building.

> The columns and beams are to be clad, respecting the 28-foot governing grid. Columns must not have articulated base conditions or capitals, but terminate in simple joints at the paving surface and the roof line or soffit. The column cladding is to be continuous to the height of the facade extending from the gravel stop to the base. The beam cladding is to span from column to column.

> Columns and beams are to be clad in flat aluminum panels. The panel width must equal the column or beam width and must not be divided. Crisp corners are required.

> Panel joints in the frame cladding are to be minimized and are to respect floor and module lines.

> Panel joints of columns are to occur at the upper edge of the beam cladding. Joints between beam and column cladding are not to exceed 3/8 inches.

> Joints between the frame and other in-fill materials are to be articulated with a reveal to accentuate the frame expression.

B Walls > Walls on the Terrazzo level are to be articulated as accent walls.

> Walls on basement level are to be precast exposed aggregate panels.

> Walls on all other levels are to be formed by panel sections of aluminum and marble.

Provide an elastic joint of 1/4 inch between marble panels. Articulate joint to structural frame with a continuous 1-inch reveal.

C Accent Walls > Entry walls are mosaic walls and must designate the academic / training use of buildings with the primary color blue, and the administrative function of buildings with the primary color red.

D Window Walls > Secondary mullions must not contrast with the glazing.

E Soffits / Ceiling > Drop soffits below the building enclosures are to be held away from the structural frame by a dimension adequate to permit the frame expression to manifest three-dimensional characteristics.

> Joints in soffits are to be articulated with a minimal reveal and set off from the axis of the grid by 3 feet, 6 inches.

> Recessed downlights and fire-alarms in soffits are to be off-centered in the arcade (see Building Exterior Lighting 4.3, 4.4).

F Roofs > Align gravel stops to arcades to be flush with structural framing and separated with a reveal.

Attachment 6

Fig. 1.2.8 West facade Fairchild Hall 1

Fig. 1.2.9 South facade Athletics non-operable window wall

AD Schematic Design c

6” 24” b a a a c a

28’-0”

7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” d d d operable spandrel glass windows non-operable windows non-operable windows b b

7’-0” 28’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0”

3’-6”

21”

6” 24” a a a a

24”

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

CADET AREA

Type II: Cadet Quarters

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The beams and wall-ends are to be clad, respecting the 28-foot governing grid. The beam cladding must extend the length of the facade, while the wall-end cladding must run from beam to beam. The panel width of the cladding must equal the beam or wall width and cannot be divided.

> Panel joints in the cladding frame are to be minimized and respect grid axis and module lines. Joints between the frame and other in-fill materials are to be articulated with a reveal to create a crisp corner.

> The columns on the basement and Terrazzo level are to be recessed from the facade and clad in aggregate concrete with rounded corners to match original.

B Walls > Walls follow the design standards of Type I.

C Accent Walls > Entry walls are mosaic walls and must designate the residential use of dormitory buildings with the primary color yellow.

D Window Walls > Secondary mullions must not contrast with the glazing.

E Soffits / Ceiling > The dormitory buildings must have exposed structural ceilings on the Terrazzo and basement levels. The formwork and construction joints align with the structural grid and building module. Light fixtures are recessed into the ceiling (see Building Exterior Lighting 4.3, 4.4).

F Roofs > See Design Element Standards.

Fig. 1.2.10 South facade Vandenberg Hall

6” 24” b7’-0”

28’-0” a non-operable spandrel glass windows

7’-0”

14’-0” 14’-0”

3’-6” 3’-6”7’-0” b a operable sliding windows

10’-6”

3’-6”7’-0”

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

Fig. 1.2.11 North-east view to facade Mitchell Hall

CADET AREA

Type III: Cadet Dining Hall

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types. The original state of Mitchell Hall must be preserved and all repair work must conform to the original.

A Structure > The structure of Mitchell Hall is a large, long-span roof frame that is supported on a minimum number of columns. Maintain as original.

B Walls > Walls are clad with white aggregate concrete wall panels. At a future date, all panels, including the panels in the lobby vestibule, should be simultaneously replaced with white marble panels, approved by the Command Architect. For specifications of marble panels, see Type I.

C Accent Walls > There are no accent walls on this structure.

D Window Walls > Maintain as original.

E Soffits / Ceiling > The ceiling is a custom design with recessed downlights (see Building Exterior Lighting 4.3, 4.4). Maintain as original.

F Roofs > Maintain as original.

AD Schematic Design

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

Fig. 1.2.12 North facade courtyard Community Center

COMMUNITY CENTER AREA

Type IV: Services

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The structure used in the Community Center Area is to be a steel-clad frame system of columns and beams. All structural elements are to be painted white to distinguish from non-structural elements, such as the wall frames, which are to be painted black.

> The columns are to meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base.

B Walls > Walls in the Community Center Area are to be yellow masonry panels in a black steel wall panel frame. Brick trim must align with brick and match existing.

C Accent Walls > Accent walls for the designation of entries can be applied for new buildings.

D Window Walls > Window walls are to be the height of the building extending from the gravel stop to the concrete base. There is no hierarchy of mullions; all elements are black. Entry doors must be flush and be integrated in the window wall.

> Window walls in courtyards are to be recessed to form an arcade.

E Soffits / Ceiling > The ceiling in the arcade is to be articulated as an exposed steel roof deck, the beams of which are to remain unclad and have soffit-mounted centered canlights (see Building Exterior Lighting 4.3, 4.4).

F Roofs > Gravel stops are to be black in color to contrast with the white structural frame.

non-operable window wall focus on entry doors

21’-0” a 7’-0”

3a

7’-0” 7’-0”

3a

3’-6”

8’-0”

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

Fig. 1.2.14 North facade Cadet Quarters

Fig. 1.2.13 East facade Cadet Quarters operable windows with tinted gray glass non-operable windows with tinted gray glass non-operable spandrel glass windows

8’-0” a b a b

3’-6”

28’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” c clear glass entry doors flush with window wall

AD Schematic Design

7’-0” 7’-0”

3’-6” 3’-6”7’-0”

6” 24” c b a c b a c b a

14’-0” non-operable window wall focus on entry doors

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

SERVICE AND SUPPLY AREA

Type V: Administration

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The structure of administrative buildings is to be an exposed steel system of wide flange columns and beams. All structural elements are to be painted black to contrast with the recessed non-structural window walls embraced by white steel frames.

> The columns are to meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base.

B Walls > There are no solid exterior walls for buildings in this type, only window walls.

C Accent Walls > There are no accent walls for buildings in this type.

D Window Walls > Window walls of administrative buildings are to be articulated with red colored metal panels and tinted glass panels.

> Primary mullions are to be white to contrast with the black structural frame.

> Secondary mullions are to be dark gray to blend with the glass.

> Window walls are to meet the ground floor level on a recessed light aluminum-clad base.

E Soffits / Ceiling > Soffits are to be clad with flat and lightly textured drywall. Joints are to be articulated with a minimal reveal and set on the governing grid. Soffits are to have recessed downlights, which are to be centered in the 21-foot grid (see Building Exterior Lighting 4.3, 4.4).

F Roofs > Gravel stops are to be white in color to contrast with the black structural frame.

Fig. 1.2.15 South facade Wing Headquarters

1/3c c non-operable window wall a focus on doors b b

21’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0” 7’-0”

3’-6”

2/3c a primary white mullions secondary dark gray mullions tinted gray glass clear glass

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

SERVICE AND SUPPLY AREA

Type VI: Industrial

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The structural system is to be an exposed steel system of wide flange columns and beams.

All structural elements are to be painted black to contrast with the non-structural window walls.

> The columns are to meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base.

B Walls > There are no solid exterior walls for buildings in this type, only window walls.

C Accent Walls > There are no accent walls for buildings in this type.

D Window Walls > Window walls of industrial buildings are to be articulated with gray precast exposed aggregate panels and tinted glass panels.

> Primary mullions are to be white to contrast with the black structural frame.

> Secondary mullions are to be dark gray to blend with the glass.

> Window walls are to meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base.

E Soffits / Ceiling > There are no exterior soffits / ceiling for buildings in this type.

F Roofs > Gravel stops are to be white in color to contrast with the structural frame.

Fig. 1.2.16 East facade vehicle maintenance shop non-operable windows black structural frame concrete panels

2/3d b

7’-0” b a

7’-0” 7’-0”c a primary white mullions operable windows secondary dark gray mullions white gravel stop 1/3d

AD Schematic Design

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

Fig. 1.2.17 South facade and North facade (bottom) of Hangars.

AIRFIELD

Type VII: Hangar

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The structure of hangars must be similar to the architecture of the original campus (International Style), expressed as an exposed pre-cast concrete system of columns and beams.

B Walls > There are no solid exterior walls for buildings in this type.

C Accent Walls > There are no accent walls for buildings in this type.

D Window Walls > Window walls of hangars are to be articulated with blue and silver metal panels and tinted glass panels.

> Clerestory windows, 2.5 feet high, are to extend from the ceiling to provide natural light where required. These windows must conform to the general design standards of window walls.

> Rolling doors are to respect the governing grid and be recessed from the wall.

E Soffits / Ceiling > There are no exterior soffits / ceiling for buildings in this type.

F Roofs > Gravel stops are to be white in color.

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

HOUSING AREAS

Type VIII: Services / Residential

The Family Housing Areas have been privatized. All proposed changes must be coordinated through 10 CES Project Manager and 10 CES Housing Manager.

AD Schematic Design

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

Fig. 1.2.18 North facade of fire station #2

FIRE STATIONS

Type IX: Fire Stations

In addition to the following specific design principles, refer to the general design framework and the design element standards of the previous pages, which apply to all building types.

A Structure > The building structure of Fire Stations is to be a steel-clad frame system of columns and beams painted black.

> The columns must meet the ground floor level on an exposed concrete base.

B Walls > Walls are to be formed by bull red masonry panels embraced by a black steel frame.

C Accent Walls > There are no accent walls for buildings in this type.

D Window Walls > Clerestory windows, 2.5 feet high, are to extend from the ceiling to provide natural light, where required. The windows must conform to the general design standards of window walls.

> Rolling doors are to respect the governing grid and be recessed from the wall.

E Soffits / Ceiling > There are no exterior soffits / ceiling for buildings in this type.

F Roofs > Gravel stops are to be black in color.

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

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USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

1.3 Building Enclosure Construction Guidelines

GENERAL

Introduction

Each sub-area has its own construction guidelines. The construction guidelines are organized by design element as defined in the design principles. The design elements include Structure, Walls, Accent Walls, Window Walls, Soffits / Ceiling, and Roofs. Each design element is specified by material, finish, color and dimensions where applicable. Materials are to be limited to a constant recurring few, and assembly should be detailed to recognize the nature, the strength, character, and fabrication of the materials, technical perfection, simple proportions, precision detailing and refined composition. Match new materials to the existing perfectly.

LEED Standards as issued by the U.S. Green Building Council must be considered and applied for all projects.

The USAFA goal is to meet a “Silver” rating or greater on all projects.

Performance

The walls, roof, and soffits must satisfy the following criteria:

> Use compatible materials with better energy, maintenance, performance, and durability characteristics.

> The building enclosure must be thermally efficient and energy conservative, and meet local / state energy guidelines.

> The building enclosure must allow the appropriate levels of natural light transmission.

> Sound transmission criteria must be set to meet the functional demands of the spaces served.

> The building enclosure must be resistant to the natural elements of wind, rain, snow, and sunlight. Exterior wall systems must be tested in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials, and Architectural Aluminum Manufacturer’s Association criteria for air and water infiltration and structural performance. Roofing and waterproofing systems must be subject to controlled inspection and testing by an independent testing agency.

Overview

These standards preserve the Academy’s master plan design integrity and the aesthetic quality of the campus.

They direct both maintenance and new construction of buildings and structures in a manner which ensures the comprehensive unity of the Academy. All buildings must conform to the standards specified in the following chapters:

1.1 Building Planning Principles p. 2

1.2 Building Enclosure Design Principles p. 10

1.3 Building Enclosure Construction Guidelines p. 28

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

AD Detail Design / Installation

USAFA Design Standards

FA2517-13-R-5000

Attachment 6

1.3 Building Enclosure Construction Guidelines

A Structure Elements Material Finish Color Dimensions Figure Profile Column cladding Aluminum panel Anodized Clear 3/16” thick 1.3.1 1.3.4, 1.3.18,

1.3.7 – 1.3.11, 1.3.40 Reveal Aluminum Anodized Clear 1/2" 1.3.3, 1.3.6 – 1.3.8, 1.3.11 Beam cladding Aluminum panel Anodized Clear 3/16” thick 1.3.2 1.3.7 – 1.3.11, 1.3.40 Joint Silicone sealant Concave Gray to match 3/8” 1.3.3 Reveal Aluminum Anodized Clear 1/2" 1.3.11 Column cladding, Precast concrete Exposed aggregate Beige to match 1-3/4", 2" 1.3.61 – 1.3.63 TYPE II only rustic original Joint Silicone sealant Concave Tan to match 1/4” 1.3.62 terrazzo

B Walls Elements Material Finish Color Dimensions Figure Profile Panel walls Marble Honed 1/4” mitre White to match 1-1/4" 1.3.3 1.3.5 – 1.3.11, 1.3.14 edge original Reveal Aluminum Anodized Black 1-1/2” 1.3.5 – 1.3.11, 1.3.14 Walls, Level 1 Precast concrete Exposed aggregate Dark gray to match 1.3.4 1.3.21 – 1.3.24 rustic original Joint 1/2" 1.3.24 Corner reveal 1" 1.3.21

C Accent Walls Elements Material Finish Color Dimensions Figure Profile Mosaic tile wall Venetian fractured Standing format Yellow, red, or blue 1/4” x 1/2” glass mosaic tile to match original to match original Grout To match original To match original To blend with tile To match 1.3.5 color original Reveal at ceiling Aluminum Anodized Black 1" 1.3.30, 1.3.52 – 1.3.57 Corner reveal Aluminum Anodized Black 3/4" 1.3.30, 1.3.52 – 1.3.57 Reveal at base Aluminum Anodized Black 1" 1.3.53, 1.3.56 Joint to paving Silicon sealant Concave Gray to match 1.3.6 terrazzo

D Window Walls Elements Material Finish Color Dimensions Figure Profile Reveal to structural Aluminum Anodized Black 1-1/2” w, 1.3.7 1.3.1 – 1.3.3, 1.3.11 frame: TYPE I 1-1/4" d cap 1.3.14 – 1.3.19 TYPE I: Terrazzo, level 1 1" w, 1" d cap 1.3.25, 1.3.27, 1.2.30 TYPE II 3/4” w, 3/4" d 1.3.34 – 1.3.38,

1.3.40 – 1.3.47 Reveal to Terrazzo floor Aluminum Anodized Black 4" 1.3.51, 1.3.53 Primary mullions* Aluminum Anodized Clear TYPE I 2-1/2” w, 1" d cap 1.3.1 – 1.3.3,

1.3.12 –…