B2_DRAFT_03.11_Section_C_Appendix J_DOE-STD-1066-2023.pdf

DOE-STD-1066-2023

DOE STANDARD

FIRE PROTECTION

U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

NOT MEASUREMENT

SENSITIVE

DRAFT

ii

FOREWORD

This Department of Energy (DOE) Standard (STD) supersedes DOE-STD-1066-2016, Fire Protection, and is approved for use by DOE and its contractors. This revision reflects the following significant changes and additions:

• New guidance on what constitutes a “reliable water supply” [endnote to Section 4.2.7.1.3]

• Revision of the applicability statement for NFPA-801 [Section 4.4.1.1]

• Revision of the applicability statement for AGS-G010, Standard of Practice for Glovebox Fire

Protection [Section 4.4.2.3]

• New guidance on the technical basis needed to support requests for fire protection equivalencies, exemptions, and variances [Section 5.2.3 and Appendix F]

• New guidance on an approach for managing age degradation and obsolescence of fire protection structures, systems and components [Section 5.4]

• New guidance on wildland fire management by Power Marketing Administrations [Section 8.6.3]

• Deletion of template for qualification of lead fire protection engineers

• New guidance and best practices for implementing DOE O 226.1B, Implementation of

Department of Energy Oversight Policy [Appendix G]

This Standard serves as the primary source document for criteria and guidance for fire protection programs (FPPs) supporting implementation of DOE Order (O) 420.1C Chg. 3, Facility Safety1. Other information supporting DOE’s FPPs (such as past guidance, models, sample reports, and reference documents) is available through the DOE Fire Protection Program website at: https://www.energy.gov/ ehss/fire-protection-program. This Standard was originally developed because national consensus standards and other design and safety criteria do not comprehensively or, in some cases, adequately address special or unique fire protection issues at DOE facilities. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data that may improve this document should be e-mailed to nuclearsafety@hq.doe.gov or sent to:

Office of Nuclear Safety (EHSS-30) Office of Environment, Health, Safety, and Security U.S. Department of Energy 19901 Germantown Road Germantown, MD 20874

DOE technical standards, such as this Standard, do not establish requirements. However, all or part of the provisions in a DOE standard can become requirements under the following circumstances:

• They are explicitly stated to be requirements in a DOE requirements document; or,

• The organization makes a commitment to meet a standard in: (a) a contract or (b) an implementation plan or program plan of a DOE requirements document.

Throughout this Standard, the word “shall” is used to denote a requirement of this Standard; the word “should” is used to denote a recommendation of this Standard; and, the word “may” is used to denote permission, but not a requirement or a recommendation of this Standard. To satisfy this Standard, all applicable “shall” statements need to be met. Alternate approaches that demonstrate an equivalent level of safety are also acceptable, if approved by the DOE field element. “Should” statements represent DOE technical expectations. Alternative approaches to “should” statements are permitted and do not require approval by DOE. 2 mailto:nuclearsafety@hq.doe.gov iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

1.2 APPLICABILITY

1.3 OVERVIEW OF STANDARD

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

1.5 DEFINITIONS

1.6 ACRONYMS

2 GENERAL FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 FIRE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENT

2.2 USE OF NATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

2.3 HIGHLY PROTECTED RISK CRITERIA

3 FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

3.1 DOCUMENTATION

3.2 PROGRAM SELF-ASSESSMENTS

4 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN

4.1 DESIGN PROCESS

4.2 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

4.3 PROCESS FIRE SAFETY

4.4 DOE-SPECIFIC FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS

5 OPERATIONS

5.1 CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES

5.2 IMPLEMENTATION

5.3 LEASED FACILITIES

5.4 AGING DEGRADATION AND OBSOLESCENCE OF FIRE PROTECTION STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND

COMPONENTS

6 EMERGENCY RESPONSE

6.1 BASELINE NEEDS ASSESSMENT

6.2 DOE FIRE DEPARTMENT RESOURCES

6.3 PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING

6.4 FIREFIGHTING ACTIVITIES INVOLVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

6.5 FIRE DEPARTMENT REPORTING

7 FACILITY FIRE PROTECTION EVALUATIONS

7.1 FIRE HAZARD ANALYSIS

7.2 FACILITY ASSESSMENTS

7.3 COMPENSATORY MEASURES

8 WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT

8.1 PURPOSE

8.2 APPLICABLE DOE ORDER REQUIREMENTS

8.3 OVERVIEW OF APPROACH

8.4 IMPLEMENTING FEDERAL GUIDANCE

8.5 USE OF NFPA CODE 1143

8.6 ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Safety Significant and Safety Class Fire Protection System Specifications

APPENDIX B

Fire Hazard Analytical Methods

APPENDIX C

Relocatable Structures

APPENDIX D

Fire Protection for Subterranean Facilities

APPENDIX E

Transitional Facilities

APPENDIX F

Technical Basis for Fire Protection Equivalencies, Exemptions, Variances (EEVs)………………………………………………………………………………………

APPENDIX G

Contractor Assurance System and Federal Oversight Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………

ENDNOTES…………………………………………………………………………………………….118

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this Standard is to provide criteria and guidance for meeting the fire protection program requirements set out in DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3, Facility Safety. This Standard addresses special or unique fire protection issues at DOE facilities that are not comprehensively or adequately addressed in national consensus standards or other design criteria.

1.2 APPLICABILITY

The provisions of this Standard apply to all DOE elements within the scope of DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 and to all contractors required to meet the Order’s Contractor Requirements Document (Attachment 1 to the Order).

Other Departmental documents contain requirements and guidance pertaining to the protection of personnel and facilities from fire hazards. These include:

• 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 851, Worker Safety and Health Program

• DOE O 440.1B Chg. 4, Worker Protection Program for DOE (Including the National Nuclear

Security Administration) Federal Employees

• DOE O 151.1D, Comprehensive Emergency Management System

This Standard may not apply to certain facilities identified in Section 3.c of DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3.3 Unless specifically required by a DOE contract, directive, or regulation, provisions of this Standard may be treated as guidance on acceptable methods to meet DOE fire protection program requirements.

1.3 OVERVIEW OF STANDARD

The text of this Standard follows the order of topics in DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3, Attachment 2, Chapter II:

Section 2, General Fire Protection Requirements Section 3, Fire Protection Program Administration Section 4, Fire Protection Design Section 5, Operations Section 6, Emergency Response Section 7, Facility Fire Protection Evaluations Section 8, Wildland Fire Management

Appendices A through G contain detailed criteria and guidance for specific conditions, including design criteria for fire protection systems used in safety significant (SS) and safety class (SC) applications.

Section-linked Endnotes are also included and provide additional explanatory material

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referenced to assist in implementing this Standard.

a. Federal Laws and Regulations

(1) Public Law 107-217, Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Workers

(2) 10 CFR Part 820, Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear Activities

(3) 10 CFR Part 830, Nuclear Safety Management

(4) 10 CFR Part 851, Worker Safety and Health Program

(Note that the use of the following regulations is directed by either 10 CFR Part 851 or by DOE)

(5) 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards

(6) 29 CFR Part 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

(7) 30 CFR Part 57, Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), Safety and Health Standards –

Underground Metal and Nonmetal Mines

b. DOE Requirements and Guidelines

(1) DOE O 151.1D, Comprehensive Emergency Management System

(2) DOE O 231.1B Admin Chg. 1, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting

(3) DOE O 251.1D, Chg. 1, Departmental Directives Program

(4) DOE O 410.1, Central Technical Authority Responsibilities Regarding Nuclear Safety

Requirements

(5) DOE O 413.3B Chg. 6, Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets

(6) DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3, Facility Safety

(7) DOE O 426.1B, Federal Technical Capability

(8) DOE O 440.1B Chg. 4, Worker Protection Program for DOE (Including the National Nuclear

Security Administration) Federal Employees

(9) DOE O 471.6 Chg. 3, Information Security

(10) DOE G 420.1-1A, Nonreactor Nuclear Safety Design Guide for Use with DOE O 420.1C, Facility Safety

(11) DOE G 423.1-1B, Implementation Guide for Use in Developing Technical Safety Requirements

(12) DOE Administrative Records Schedule 18, Security, Emergency Planning, and Safety Records, August 2022, Revision 4

c. Department of Energy Technical Standards and Handbooks

(1) DOE-HDBK-1081-2014 (Reaffirmed 2020), Primer on Spontaneous Heating and Pyrophoricity

(2) DOE-HDBK-1169-2022, Handbook for Use With DOE-STD-1269-2022, “Air Cleaning Systems in DOE Nuclear Facilities”

(3) DOE-STD-1020-2016, Natural Phenomena Hazards Analysis and Design Criteria for DOE

Facilities

(4) DOE-STD-1066-99, Fire Protection Design Criteria

(5) DOE-STD-1083-2009 (Reaffirmed 2015), Processing Exemptions to Nuclear Safety Rules and

Approval of Alternative Methods for Documented Safety Analyses

(6) DOE-STD-1137-2014, Fire Protection Engineering Functional Area Qualification Standard

(7) DOE-STD-1189-2016, Integration of Safety into the Design Process

(8) DOE-STD-3006-2010, Planning and Conducting Readiness Reviews

(9) DOE-STD-3009-2014, Preparation of Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Documented Safety Analysis

(10) DOE-STD-3013-2018, Stabilization, Packaging, and Storage of Plutonium-Bearing Materials

(11) DOE-STD-3024-2011, Content of System Design Descriptions

d. Other Standards and Criteria4

American Glovebox Society (AGS)

(1) AGS-G006, Standard of Practice for the Design and Fabrication of Nuclear Application Gloveboxes

(2) AGS-G010, Standard of Practice for Glovebox Fire Protection

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

(1) ASHRAE 52.2 (2017), Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal

Efficiency by Particle Size

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

(1) ASME AG-1, Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treatment

(2) ASME, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

(3) ASME NQA-1, Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications

ASTM International

(1) ASTM E 84-15b, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

(2) ASTM E 108-11, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

(3) ASTM E 136-16, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at

750°C

(4) ASTM E 2032-21, Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Fire Endurance Tests

(5) ASTM E 2174-14b, Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops

(6) ASTM E 2393-10a, Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint

Systems and Perimeter Fire Barriers

(7) ASTM E 2750-13e1, Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Penetration Firestop System

Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM

Department of Defense (DoD)

(1) DoD 6055.06-M, DoD Fire and Emergency Services Certification Programs

FM Global Group

(1) FM 4991, Approval Standard for Firestop Contractors

FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

(1) 1-0, Safeguards During Construction

(2) 1-6, Cooling Towers

(3) 1-20, Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure

(4) 1-28R, Roof Systems

(5) 1-31, Panel Roof Systems

(6) 3-2, Water Tanks for Fire Protection

(7) 3-7, Fire Protection Pumps

(8) 3-10, Installation and Maintenance of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

(9) 5-4, Transformers

(10) 7-40, Heavy Duty Mobile Equipment

(11) 7-85, Combustible and Reactive Metals

(12) 7-98, Hydraulic Fluids

International Code Council (ICC)

(1) International Building Code (IBC)

(2) International Fire Code (IFC)

(3) International Existing Building Code (IEBC)

(4) Performance Code for Buildings and Facilities

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

(1) NFPA 1, Fire Code

(2) NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code

(3) NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers

(4) NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam

(5) NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

(6) NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

(7) NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems

(8) NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection

(9) NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems

(10) NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems

(11) NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems

(12) NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection

(13) NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection

(14) NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

(15) NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection

Systems

(16) NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

(17) NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or

Combustible Liquids

(18) NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

(19) NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

(20) NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention during Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work

(21) NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code

(22) NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code

(23) NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting

(24) NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems

(25) NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®

(26) NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code

(27) NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment

(28) NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives

(29) NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures

(30) NFPA 85, Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code

(31) NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces

(32) NFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures

(33) NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems

(34) NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems

(35) NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists and

Particulate Solids

(36) NFPA 101, Life Safety Code®

(37) NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety

(38) NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

(39) NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems

(40) NFPA 122, Standard for Fire Prevention and Control in Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal

Mineral Processing Facilities

(41) NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls

(42) NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations

(43) NFPA 318, Standard for the Protection of Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities

(44) NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code

(45) NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals

(46) NFPA 501, Standard on Manufactured Housing

(47) NFPA 520, Standard on Subterranean Spaces

(48) NFPA 600, Standard on Facility Fire Brigades

(49) NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust

(50) NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films

(51) NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems

(52) NFPA 770, Standard on Hybrid (Water and Inert Gas) Fire-Extinguishing Systems

(53) NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

(54) NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials

(55) NFPA 820, Standard for Fire Protection in Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities

(56) NFPA 901, Standard Classifications for Fire and Emergency Services Incident Reporting

(57) NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications

(58) NFPA-1140, Standard for Wildland Fire Protection

(59) NFPA 1221, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services

Communications Systems

(60) NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety, Health, and Wellness Program

(61) NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System and Command

Safety

(62) NFPA 1582 Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments

(63) NFPA 1583 Standard on Health-Related Fitness Programs for Fire Department Members

(64) NFPA 1660 Standard on Community Risk Assessment, Pre-Incident Planning, Mass Evacuation, Sheltering, and Re-entry Programs

(65) NFPA 1710, Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments

(66) NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus

(67) NFPA 1906, Standard for Wildland Fire Apparatus

(68) NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service

Automotive Fire Apparatus

(69) NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

(70) NFPA 2010, Standard for Fixed Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Systems

(71) NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code®

National Interagency Fire Center

(1) Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy, 2009

(2) NFES 2092, National Interagency Mobilization Guide

National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG)

(1) NWCG, PMS 210, Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide

(2) NWCG, PMS 310-1, Wildland and Prescribed Fire Qualification System Guide

Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE)

(1) SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-Based Fire Protection, 2nd Edition

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

(1) UL-790, Standard for Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

(2) ULC Subject C263E, Criteria for Use in Extension of Data from Fire Endurance Tests

(3) UL Building Materials Directory

(4) UL 900, Air Filter Units

U.S. Forest Service

(1) Forest Service Handbook 5109.18, Wildfire Prevention Handbook

1.5 DEFINITIONS

Acceptable: Considered by the authority having jurisdiction as adequate for satisfying the goals, performance objectives, and/or performance criteria.

Alternative: A system, condition, arrangement, material, or equipment submitted to the authority having jurisdiction as a substitute for a criterion in a standard.

Approved: Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

In DOE, the Head of the Field Element is the AHJ, but responsibility can be delegated to another federal official and routine activities can be assigned to a contractor.

Building: Any structure, having a roof and walls, used or intended for supporting or sheltering any occupancy. It excludes structures not designed for occupancy (such as waste tanks, sand filters, and saltstone vaults) or that do not have at least partial enclosure by construction materials (such as exhaust stack, burial ground, open pads, and bridges/roads).

Building Code Official (BCO): The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the building code, or a duly authorized representative. The DOE Head of the Field Element or designee is the BCO, but responsibility can be delegated to another federal official or as otherwise directed by the Cognizant Secretarial Officer.

Central Technical Authority (CTA): Part of DOE line management, CTAs provide centralized technical expertise and operational awareness to ensure adequate and proper implementation and maintenance of nuclear safety policy, requirements, and guidance, and assist the field and headquarters elements in developing line management oversight programs, policies, and processes.5

Code of Record (COR): A set of technical and operational requirements, including Federal and state laws, as defined in contracts and Standards or Requirements Identification Documents (or their equivalent), that are in effect at the time a facility or item of equipment was designed or modified, and accepted by DOE.

Combustible: Any material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated will ignite and burn, or will add appreciable heat to an ambient fire. See ASTM E 136-16, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C.

Criticality Incident: The release of energy as a result of an accidental, self-sustained nuclear fission chain reaction.

Documented Safety Analysis (DSA): A documented analysis of the extent to which a nuclear facility can be operated safely with respect to workers, the public, and the environment, including a description of the conditions, safety boundaries, and hazard controls that provide the basis for ensuring safety.

Emergency Response Organization: The site fire department, brigade, or other organization that performs any or all of the following functions: fire suppression; hazardous material (HAZMAT) response;

emergency medical services; technical rescue; confined space entry; training; off-site assistance to other emergency response organizations; inspection, testing and maintenance of fire protection equipment or apparatus; facility fire prevention; and life safety inspections.

Equivalency: An alternate means of providing an equal or greater degree of fire safety than that afforded by strict conformance to prescribed codes and standards, or an applicable DOE directive requirement.

Exemption: The release from one or more requirements in a DOE directive. Unless specified otherwise in the directive, exemptions are granted, in consultation with the Office of Primary Interest (OPI), by the Program Secretarial Officer, or their designee, or in the case of the National Nuclear Security Administration, by the Administrator or designee, and documented for the OPI in a memorandum. For those directives listed in Attachment 1 of DOE O 410.1, Central Technical Authority Responsibilities Regarding Nuclear Safety Requirements, Central Technical Authority concurrences are required prior to the granting of exemptions.6

Facility: Any equipment, structure, system, process, or activity that fulfills a specific purpose. Examples include accelerators, storage areas, fusion research devices, nuclear reactors, production, or processing plants, coal conversion plants, magneto-hydrodynamics experiments, windmills, radioactive waste disposal systems and burial grounds, environmental restoration activities, testing laboratories, research laboratories, transportation activities and accommodations for analytical examinations of irradiated, and non-irradiated components. For the purpose of this Standard, the definition most often refers to buildings and other structures, their functional systems and equipment, and other fixed systems and equipment installed therein to delineate a facility.

Facility Assessment: A formal documented review of the facility/building programmatic and physical fire protection features that is conducted annually, by or under the supervision of a fire protection engineer, for facilities with a replacement value more than $173 million (2023 dollars), facilities considered a high hazard, or those in which vital programs are involved and at least every three years for remaining low and ordinary hazard facilities.

Fire: Unplanned destructive and uncontrolled burning, including detonation and deflagration, as manifested by any or all of the following: flame, heat, or smoke. Fire does not include the following events unless they cause a fire or occur because of the event: lightning or electrical discharge; rupture of a pressure vessel not caused by internal combustion; detonation of munitions; overheat (without damage to initiating material); or failure of electric motors and other electrical equipment through overheating or shorting where any visible sparks or flames self-extinguish after power is removed from the device.

Fire Area: An area that is physically separated from other fire areas by space, fire barriers, fire walls, or other means in order to contain fire within that area.

Fire Barrier: A fire separation system component that limits for a specified period (the fire resistance rating) the transfer of thermal energy from one side of the barrier to the other, thereby preventing a fire on one side of the barrier from starting a fire or affecting hazardous materials stored on the other side of the barrier.

Fire Brigade: A group of people organized and trained to engage in rescue, fire suppression, and related activities.

Fire Department: An emergency response organization providing rescue, fire suppression, and related activities, including any public, governmental, private, industrial, or military organization engaging in this type of activity.

Fire Hazard Analysis (FHA): A comprehensive assessment of the hazards of and potential damage from fire in a building or group of buildings, which takes one of the following forms: (a) Building/Facility FHA that establishes the fire safety of the facility at the time it is issued; (b) Preliminary/Project FHA which establishes the fire protection requirements for a new building or a modification to an existing building; or, (c) Transitional FHA which evaluates the minimum fire protection needs during a major transition from an operating status to some other status.

Fire Loss: The dollar cost of restoring damaged property from an actual fire event to its pre-fire condition.7

Fire Prevention: The process of managing and regulating potential fire hazards (fuels and heat energy sources) and the mechanisms that bring them together to either eliminate the hazard(s) or reduce the risk associated with the hazard(s).

Fire Protection Assessment: A formal documented review conducted by DOE or contractors, in accordance with DOE requirements, that examines the essential fire protection elements as they relate to a specific facility or an overall fire protection program.

Fire Protection Design Analysis (FPDA): An engineering analysis for non-nuclear facilities during or preceding the preliminary design to establish fire protection design criteria, including applicable national codes and consensus standards. Updated during the design process, the FPDA provides a comprehensive design review that ensures the fire protection requirements are incorporated into the design.

Fire Protection Engineer (FPE): A graduate of an accredited engineering curriculum who has completed not less than four years of engineering practice, three of which were in responsible charge of diverse fire protection engineering work. If not such a graduate, an individual should either: (1) be a registered professional engineer in fire protection, or (2) have completed not less than six years of engineering practice, three of which are in responsible charge of diverse fire protection engineering projects, and demonstrated knowledge of the principles of fire protection engineering showing evidence by specific academic courses and written examination in the related curriculum of physical, mathematical, and engineering sciences. Federal FPEs under the Department’s Federal Technical Capability Program (see DOE O 426.1B, Federal Technical Capability) are qualified according to DOE-STD-1137-2014, Fire Protection Engineering Functional Area Qualification Standard, or its predecessors.

Fire Resistance Rating: The time, in minutes or hours, that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with an approved test procedure appropriate for the structure, building material, or component under consideration.

Fire Resistant Construction: A building element, component, or assembly, designed and tested to maintain its ability to continue to perform a given structural function, as determined by the fire tests or the methods based on the fire tests, for the associated fire resistance rating.

Fire Separation: A continuous vertical or horizontal construction assembly designed and constructed with a specified fire resistance rating to limit the spread of fire and restrict the movement of smoke.

Fire Wall: A fire barrier assembly, with a fire resistance rating and structural stability, that separates buildings or subdivides a building into fire areas.

Glovebox: A controlled environment work enclosure providing a primary barrier from the work area.

The operation is performed through sealed, gloved openings to protect the worker, the ambient environment, and/or the product.

Graded Approach. The process of ensuring that the levels of analyses, documentation, and actions used to comply with requirements are commensurate with:

(1) the relative importance to safety, safeguards, and security;

(2) the magnitude of any hazard involved;

(3) the life-cycle stage of a facility or item;

(4) the programmatic mission of a facility;

(5) the particular characteristics of a facility or item;

(6) the relative importance to radiological and nonradiological hazards; and,

(7) any other relevant factors.

[10 CFR § 830.3]

Hazard Category (1, 2, 3) Nuclear Facilities: Hazard Category 1, 2, and 3 nuclear facilities are defined in Table 1, Appendix A to Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 830, as follows: (1) a Hazard Category 1 facility has the potential to cause significant off-site consequences; (2) a Hazard Category 2 facility has the potential to cause significant on-site consequences beyond localized consequences; and (3) a Hazard Category 3 facility has the potential to cause only locally significant consequences.

Limited Supply Suppression System: A system installed in accordance with the applicable National Fire Protection Association standards and having a limited quantity of a suppression agent. These systems typically include carbon dioxide, other gaseous agents, dry chemical, water, or hybrid systems (e.g., a Vortex system).

Listed: Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the AHJ and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. This definition applies to products that are Underwriters Laboratories listed, FM Global approved, or certified by another nationally recognized testing laboratory as defined in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Major Modification: As defined by 10 CFR Part 830, major modifications are those that “substantially change the existing safety basis for the facility.” See DOE-STD-1189-2016, Integration of Safety into the Design Process, for further guidance on determining major modifications.

Maximum Possible Fire Loss (MPFL): The dollar cost of restoring damaged property in a single, well-defined fire area, from a hypothetical fire event, assuming the failure of both automatic fire suppression systems and manual fire-fighting efforts.8

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV): Measurement created by ASHRAE to rate effectiveness of air filters.

Noncombustible: A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, support combustion, burn, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat.

Pre-Incident Plan: A document developed and maintained by a fire department providing information to responding personnel to help safely and effectively manage incidents with available resources at a specific facility or area.

Program Self-Assessment: A documented comprehensive evaluation of the fire protection program that is performed at least every three years, by or under the supervision of an FPE, to review the adequacy of the site-wide and/or facility fire protection program.

Pyrophoric Material: A chemical with an auto ignition temperature in air at or below 130°F.9 [DOE-HDBK-1081-2014 (Reaffirmed 2020)]

Relocatable Structure: Facilities including manufactured structures, mobile homes, trailers, semi-trailers, modular type structures, factory assembled structures, cargo containers, hazardous materials or flammable liquid storage containers, air supported/inflated structures, tent/membrane, and cloth/rib structures. This term does not apply to (a) trailers and cargo containers that are being used in the transportation mode for conveying materials while on-site, or to (b) prefabricated buildings designed for a permanent location, or to (c) structures placed on a slab and intended for permanent installation.

Safety Basis: The DSA and hazard controls that provide reasonable assurance that a DOE nuclear facility can be operated safely in a manner that adequately protects workers, the public, and the environment.

[10 CFR § 830.3]

Safety Class Structures, Systems, and Components (SC SSCs): Structures, systems, or components, including portions of process systems, whose preventive or mitigative function is necessary to limit radioactive hazardous material exposure to the public, as determined from safety analyses.

[10 CFR § 830.3]

Safety Significant Structures, Systems, and Components (SS SSCs): Structures, systems, and components which are not designated as safety class SSCs, but whose preventive or mitigative function is a major contributor to defense-in-depth and/or worker safety as determined from safety analyses.

[10 CFR § 830.3]

Significant Modification: An addition, alteration, renovation, or repair to an existing facility that involves a change in floor area, number of stories, size of rooms, use of the area or occupancy of the structure. A significant modification does not include replacement with a like structure or equipment.

Subterranean Facility: Spaces that cannot meet NFPA 101, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 520, Standard on Subterranean Spaces, or the International Building Code (IBC) egress requirements due to the orientation or configuration of parts of the structure below ground level, which may include open and cut excavations. Requirements in this Standard divide these facilities into one or more the following areas:

• Undeveloped Space: An area of the subterranean facility that has been excavated, including subterranean and ground support structures and systems, but has not been altered for the performance of mission-oriented process operations or experiments. Undeveloped space may include roadways, railways, and entrances.

• Developed Space: An area of the subterranean facility that has been altered for the performance of mission-oriented process operations or experiments. Including process/operation/experiment areas, an area of the subterranean facility in which materials that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or from which explosions are likely, are staged or used that is separated from the underground infrastructure or undeveloped space by fire-resistive construction. This excludes basements of surface structures and buildings as defined by NFPA 101, NFPA 520, and the applicable building code.

Variance: An exception to compliance with some part of 10 CFR Part 851. The process for requesting and approving variances from the provisions of 10 CFR Part 851 is delineated in Subpart D of Part 851 and in supplemental guidance promulgated by DOE.

1.6 ACRONYMS

AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction BCO Building Code Official BNA Baseline Needs Assessment CFR Code of Federal Regulations COR Code of Record CTA Central Technical Authority DOE Department of Energy DSA Documented Safety Analysis FACP Fire Alarm Control Panel FHA Fire Hazard Analysis FPDA Fire Protection Design Analysis FPE Fire Protection Engineer FPP Fire Protection Program FSFS Frame-Supported Fabric Structures G Guide HDBK Handbook HPR Highly Protected Risk IBC International Building Code IEBC International Existing Building Code ITM Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance L/RMP Land/Resource Management Plan

LCO Limiting Conditions for Operation MERV Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value MPFL Maximum Possible Fire Loss NFPA National Fire Protection Association O Order QA Quality Assurance SC Safety Class SLC Signaling Line Circuits SS Safety Significant SSC Structure, System, and Component STD Standard TSR Technical Safety Requirement WFMP Wildland Fire Management Plan

2.0 GENERAL FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 FIRE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENT

DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a(1)) requires that a policy be established affirming the contractor’s commitment to provide a comprehensive fire protection and emergency response program.10

A fire protection policy statement11 should:

• Provide an organizational commitment to satisfy Highly Protected Risk levels for fire protection;

• Document the duties and responsibilities of contractor management;

• Detail strategies to maintain fire prevention features; and

• Describe the level of capability the contractor intends to provide for emergency response organizations.

A fire protection policy statement is required to be consistent with DOE requirements and contractual obligations.

2.2 USE OF NATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

2.2.1 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a(2)) requires that fire protection and emergency response programs meet the applicable building code and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes and standards. Throughout this Standard, where possible, specific NFPA codes and standards are identified as “applicable” for identified fire protection features;

these should be evaluated for site-specific and facility-specific applicability where such features are called for. Such statements do not mean that the identified code or standard is the only acceptable approach.

2.2.2 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 1, Section 1.c) requires contractors to identify the applicable industry codes and standards, including the IBC and applicable DOE requirements and technical standards for design and construction activities. The acquisition and construction of new facilities and major modifications of existing facilities shall meet the applicable parts of the IBC, NFPA standards, and other nationally recognized consensus standards for electrical, fire, and life safety.12 13

2.2.2.1 If an alternative to the IBC is selected for use in accordance with DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 1, Section 1.c), it is acceptable to adjust the IBC references in this Standard to appropriate references in the selected alternative building code for that particular site.

2.2.2.2 Performance of administrative functions of the building code should be documented by the contractor as required by DOE Orders and not according to the administration chapter of the

IBC.

2.2.3 State and Local Codes. Applicable state, regional, and local building codes should be incorporated into the COR, as necessary and as directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction

(AHJ).

2.2.4 Performance-based design alternatives to any code requirement should be based on the methodology described in the SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-Based Fire Protection, 2nd Edition. Other methodologies, including Chapter 5 of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code®, may also be used. The International Code Council (ICC) Performance Code for Buildings and Facilities may likewise be used together with the IBC. Performance-based design alternatives shall be prepared under the direction of an FPE and approved by the AHJ.

2.2.5 Conflicts between national codes and standards and DOE-specific safety or security requirements should be resolved by alternate designs that minimize the conflict while assuring that an equivalent level of fire protection is maintained. For such conflicts, consultation among appropriate designated safety and security officials and fire protection subject matter experts should be pursued. Appropriate approvals of relief from requirements should be sought when necessary. (See Sections 5.2.3 and 5.2.4)

2.2.6 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a.(2)(c)2) requires that conflicts between NFPA requirements and the applicable building code requirements be resolved by the Head of the Field Element, following consultation with designated building code and fire protection subject matter experts.

2.2.7 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a.(2)(b)) requires that technical provisions of subsequent editions of codes or standards (promulgated after the original design COR) are mandatory only to the extent that they are explicitly stated to be applicable to existing facilities.

2.2.8 Operational provisions of the most recent codes and standards (promulgated after the original design COR) should be evaluated and should be implemented to the extent practicable. Such operational provisions include inspection, testing, and maintenance necessary to ensure that design functions are preserved during the operational lifetime.

2.3 HIGHLY PROTECTED RISK CRITERIA

This Standard defines the minimum requirements for DOE improved risk level of fire protection and is consistent with the best protected class of industrial risks, commonly referred to as “highly protected risk” or “improved risk.”14

3.0 FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

3.1 DOCUMENTATION

3.1.1 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.b(1)) requires a documented fire protection program (FPP) that addresses the elements and requirements identified in Attachment 2, Chapter II of the Order. The FPP is required to address design, operations, emergency response, Fire Hazard Analysis (FHA) and facility assessments, wildland fire management, and specific FPP criteria developed, implemented, and maintained by the contractor. The FPP should be written by or under the direction of a qualified fire protection engineer.

3.1.2 The site-wide FPP should: (a) document the overall program or management systems established to assign responsibilities and authorities, define policies and requirements; and (b) provide for the performance and assessment of fire protection and emergency response program activities.

3.1.3 All record retention requirements necessary to support the FPP should be identified and implemented.

3.1.4 Section 5.1 of this Standard provides operational criteria and procedures for use in developing the

FPP.

3.1.5 The site-wide FPP shall identify any methods approved as acceptable alternatives to required methods described in this Standard, and state where the basis for these alternative methods is set forth. The FPP should also identify the method for performing and tracking facility-specific variances, equivalencies, exemptions, and performance-based designs.

3.1.6 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.b(1)) requires that the FPP be submitted to the DOE Field Element for review and approval when developed and revised. The detailed policies and procedures that make up the FPP may be included “for information only” in the submittal.

3.2 PROGRAM SELF-ASSESSMENTS

DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.b(2)) requires that a documented, comprehensive self-assessment of the FPP be performed at least every three years, or at a frequency with appropriate technical basis approved by the AHJ.15 The principal objectives of self-assessments are to verify the adequacy of the site-wide and/or facility FPP and identify strengths and weaknesses in FPPs.

3.2.1 Programmatic self-assessments shall be performed by, or under the direction of, an FPE.

3.2.2 Self-assessments should, at a minimum, encompass the following FPP elements:16

• Compliance with fire protection-related statutory requirements, DOE orders, and mandatory national consensus codes and standards;

• Procedures for engineering design and review;

• Procedures for inspection, testing, and maintenance (ITM) of installed fire protection systems and features;

• Fire protection engineering staff (number, qualifications, training);

• Emergency response, including the Baseline Needs Assessment (BNA), pre-incident planning, staffing, training, and equipment;

• Management support, including an adequate fire protection policy statement;

• Documented exemptions and equivalencies;

• Fire protection system impairment process;

• Hot work process;

• Wildland fire management planning and preparation; and,

• Documentation and recordkeeping.

4.0 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN

This section applies to new construction and significant modifications, including major modifications to nuclear facilities. Appendix A of this Standard describes an acceptable approach for implementing the design and operational requirements specified in DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 for new SS and SC fire protection systems, specifically, wet pipe automatic sprinklers, water supplies, and fire barrier systems.

4.1 DESIGN PROCESS

4.1.1 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.c.(1)) requires that a process be established to ensure that FPP requirements are documented and incorporated into plans and specifications for the design of new facilities and major modifications to existing nuclear facilities. For new facilities, major modifications to nuclear facilities, and other significant modifications to existing facilities, fire protection design criteria shall be developed by, or under the direction of, an FPE as early in the conceptual design phase as practicable and updated throughout the design process to ensure the fire protection requirements are documented and incorporated into plans and specifications. The technical baseline for fire protection systems shall be maintained throughout the life of the building.

4.1.2 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter I, Section 3.a.(1)) requires that safety be integrated into the design early and throughout the design process for Hazard Category 1, 2, or 3 nuclear facilities through use of DOE-STD-1189-2016, Integration of Safety into the Design Process. This requirement applies to the design of fire protection systems and components.

4.1.3 For new construction, significant modifications, and major modifications to nuclear facilities, design documents shall include fire protection criteria based on either a Fire Protection Design Analysis (FPDA) or a Preliminary/Project FHA,17 depending upon whether a building FHA is normally required (See Section 7 and Appendix B of this Standard for guidance and use of the graded approach).

4.1.4 New Hazard Category 1, 2, and 3 nuclear facilities should be classified as a High Hazard use group (typically Group H-4) occupancy, as defined in the IBC, unless a different classification is approved by the BCO and the AHJ.18

4.1.5 The special industrial occupancy exception in the IBC for height and area limits shall not be applied to new Hazard Category 1, 2, and 3 nuclear facilities.

4.1.6 Areas within a facility that are adequately separated by fire-rated construction and have no nuclear hazards may be classified as other occupancy types consistent with Building Code expectations (e.g., a vehicle maintenance shop).

4.2 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a(2)(a)) requires that the design and construction of new facilities and major modifications to existing facilities meet codes and standards in effect when the design criteria are approved (i.e., the COR). The applicable codes and standards for design include the provisions of the applicable requirements of federal regulations, DOE directives, the IBC, NFPA codes, and other national codes and consensus standards in effect when the COR is established during the conceptual design phase. Appendix C of this Standard provides guidance for the design of relocatable structures. Leased facilities that are located outside DOE site boundaries should be constructed according to the construction requirements established by the local municipality as augmented by additional DOE life safety and property protection requirements contained in DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3, (see subsection 5.3 of this Standard for additional fire protection guidance for leased facilities).

4.2.1 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.a.(2)(a)) also requires facility modifications other than those classified as a major modification (in accordance with DOE-STD- 1189-2016) to meet the most recent applicable codes and standards to the extent determined by the AHJ. In such cases, the current editions of the codes and standards should apply to the modification unless compelling technical basis exists to do otherwise. 19 For these cases, the COR should be updated to reflect the codes and standards used for the modification.

4.2.2 The design and construction of DOE facilities should have a level of fire protection sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the best protected class of industrial risks (commonly referred to as “highly protected risk” or “improved risk”) and should provide protection to achieve “defense-in-depth.”20 FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheets may be used as guidance for design activities.

4.2.3 DOE O 420.1C Chg. 3 (Attachment 2, Chapter II, Section 3.c.(2)(d)) requires that multiple fire protection approaches be provided for property protection in areas where the MPFL exceeds $261 million (in 2023 dollars). This requirement may be met using any two of the following approaches:21

• Automatic suppression systems, such as fire sprinklers, foam, gaseous, explosion suppression, or other specialized extinguishing systems plus appropriate alarms.

• Automatic fire detection, occupant warning, manual fire alarm, and fire alarm reporting systems (considered together) combined with a sufficiently staffed, properly equipped, and adequately trained fire department or brigade response to locations where a reliable and adequate water supply is in place.

• Fire walls, high-challenge fire walls, or fire barriers.

• For outdoor locations, sufficiently rated…