Attachment N - UFGS 32 01 19.61 Sealing Cracks in Asphalt Paving.pdf

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 1

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

SECTION 32 01 19.61

SEALING OF JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENT

11/19

Table of Contents

1.1 REFERENCES

1.2 SUBMITTALS

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

1.6 TRAFFIC CONTROL

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SEALANTS

2.2 PRIMERS

2.3 BOND BREAKERS

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 EXECUTING EQUIPMENT

3.2 SAFETY

3.3 PREPARATION OF JOINTS

3.4 PREPARATION OF SEALANT

3.5 INSTALLATION OF SEALANT

3.6 INSPECTION/FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.7 ACCEPTANCE

3.8 CLEAN-UP

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 2

SECTION 32 01 19.61

SEALING OF JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENT

11/19

PART 1 GENERAL

1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES.

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C603 (2014; R 2019) Standard Test Method for

Extrusion Rate and Application Life of

Elastomeric Sealants

ASTM C639 (2015; R 2020)Standard Test Method for

Rheological (Flow) Properties of

ASTM C661 (2015) Indentation Hardness of

Elastomeric-Type Sealants by Means of a

Durometer

ASTM C679 (2003; E 2009; R 2009) Tack-Free Time of

ASTM C719 (2014; R 2019) Standard Test Method for

Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint

Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman

Cycle)

ASTM C792 (2015; R 2020) Effects of Heat Aging on

Weight Loss, Cracking, and Chalking of

ASTM C793 (2005; R 2017) Standard Test Method for

Effects of Laboratory Accelerated

Weathering on Elastomeric Joint Sealants

ASTM C920 (2018) Standard Specification for

Elastomeric Joint Sealants

ASTM C1016 (2014) Standard Test Method for

Determination of Water Absorption of

Sealant Backing (Joint Filler) Material

ASTM C1193 (2013) Standard Guide for Use of Joint

Sealants

ASTM D412 (2016) Standard Test Methods for

Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic

Elastomers - Tension

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 3

ASTM D789 (2015) Determination of Relative Viscosity and Moisture Content of Polyamide (PA)

ASTM D903 (1998; R 2017) Standard Test Method for

Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive

Bonds

ASTM D5249 (2010; R 2016) Standard Specification for

Backer Material for Use with Cold-and

Hot-Applied Joint Sealants in

Portland-Cement Concrete and Asphalt Joints

ASTM D5329 (2016) Standard Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and

Cracks in Asphalt Pavements and Portland

Cement Concrete Pavements

ASTM D5893/D5893M (2016) Standard Specification for Cold

Applied, Single Component, Chemically

Curing Silicone Joint Sealant for Portland

Cement Concrete Pavements

ASTM D6690 (2015) Standard Specification for Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied, for

Concrete and Asphalt Pavements

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

COE CRD-C 525 (1989) Corps of Engineers Test Method for

Evaluation of Hot-Applied Joint Sealants for Bubbling Due to Heating

1.2 SUBMITTALS.

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the government officer that will review the submittal for the Government.

SD-03 Product Data

Joint Sealants

Submit catalog cuts, specifications, Safety Data Sheets and other information documenting conformance to Contract requirements.

Manufacturer's Recommendations

SD-04 Samples

Sealants

Blocking Media/Backup Materials

Backer Rod

Bond Breaking Tapes

SD-07 Certificates

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 4

Equipment List

SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions

Joint Sealants

Provide instructions that include, but not limited to: storage requirements, ambient temperature and humidity ranges, and moisture condition of joints for successful installation;

requirements for preparation of joints; safe heating temperature;

mixing instructions; installation equipment and procedures;

application and disposal requirements; compatibility of sealant with filler material; curing requirements; and restrictions to be adhered to in order to reduce hazards to personnel or to the environment. Submit instructions at least 30 days prior to use.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE.

1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING.

Inspect materials delivered to the site for visible damage, and unload and store with a minimum of handling. Deliver joint materials in original sealed containers and protect from freezing or overheating. Provide jobsite storage facilities capable of maintaining temperature ranges within manufacturers recommendations.

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS.

Do not proceed with work when weather conditions detrimentally affect the quality of cleaning joints or applying sealants. Proceed with joint preparation and sealing only when weather conditions are in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Install joint sealant to dry surfaces and protect sealant and bond breakers from moisture.

1.6 TRAFFIC CONTROL.

Do not permit vehicular or heavy equipment traffic on the pavement in the area of the joints being sealed during the protection and curing period of the sealant. Permit traffic on the pavement at the end of the curing period.

PART 2 PRODUCTS.

2.1 SEALANTS.

Use materials for sealing cracks in accordance with ASTM D6690 and

ASTM D5893/D5893M.

2.2 PRIMERS.

Use primers in accordance with the recommendation of the manufacturer.

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 5

2.3 BOND BREAKERS.

2.3.1 Blocking Media/Backup Materials

Provide backup (joint filler) material that is a compressible, nonshrinking, nonstaining, nonabsorbing, nonreactive material with the sealant. Use backup material compliant with ASTM D5249. Use material with a melting point at least 5 degrees F greater than the pouring temperature of the sealant being used when tested in accordance with ASTM

D789. Use material with a water absorption of not more than 5 percent of the sample weight when tested in accordance with ASTM C1016. Use backup

(joint filler) material that is 25 plus or minus 5 percent larger in diameter than the nominal width of the crack. Use blocking media consistent with the sealant manufacturer's installation instructions.

2.3.2 Bond Breaking Tapes

Provide a bond breaking tape or separating material that is a flexible, nonshrinkable, nonabsorbing, nonstaining, and nonreacting adhesive-backed tape. Use material with a melting point at least 5 degrees F greater than the pouring temperature of the sealant being used when tested in accordance with ASTM D789. Use bond breaker tape approximately 1/8 in wider than the nominal width of the joint and that does not bond to the sealant. Use bond breaking tape shall be consistent with the sealant manufacturer's installation instructions.

PART 3 EXECUTION.

3.1 EXECUTING EQUIPMENT.

Submit equipment list and description of the equipment to be used and a statement from the supplier of the sealant that the proposed equipment is acceptable for installing the specified sealant. Use equipment for heating, mixing, and installing seals in accordance with the instructions provided by the sealant manufacturer. Provide equipment, tools, and accessories necessary to clean existing joints and install liquid joint sealants. Maintain machines, tools, and other equipment in proper working condition. Submit a list of proposed equipment to be used in performance of construction work including descriptive data, 14 days prior to use on the project.

3.1.1 Joint Cleaning Equipment

3.1.1.1 Tractor-Mounted Routing and Plowing Tool

Use routing tools for removing old sealant from the joints, of such shape and dimensions and so mounted on the tractor that do not damage the sides of the joints. Use tools designed to be adjusted to remove the old material to varying depths and widths as required. Use equipment capable of maintaining accurate cutting depth and width control. Use a joint plow equipped with a spring or hydraulic mechanism to release pressure on the tool prior to spalling the concrete. Do not permit the use of V-shaped tools or rotary impact routing devices. Permit the use of hand-operated spindle routing devices to clean and enlarge random cracks.

3.1.1.2 Concrete Saw

Provide a self-propelled power saw, with water-cooled diamond or abrasive saw blades, for cutting joints to the depths and widths specified, for refacing joints, cleaning sawed joints where sandblasting does not provide

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 6 a clean joint, widening, or deepening existing joints as specified without damaging the sides, bottom, or top edge of joints. Permit single or gang type blades with one or more blades mounted in tandem for fast cutting.

Select saw adequately powered and sized to cut specified opening with not more than two passes of the saw through the joint.

3.1.1.3 Sandblasting Equipment

Include with the sandblasting equipment an air compressor, hose, and long-wearing venturi-type nozzle of proper size, shape and opening. Do not permit the maximum nozzle opening to exceed 1/4 in. Use a portable air compressor capable of providing not less than 150 cfm and maintaining a line pressure of not less than 90 psi at the nozzle while in use.Demonstrate compressor capability, under job conditions, before approval. Use a compressor equipped with traps that maintain the compressed air free of oil and water. Use a nozzle with an adjustable guide that holds the nozzle aligned with the joint approximately

25 mm 1 in above the pavement surface. Adjust the height, angle of inclination and the size of the nozzle to secure satisfactory results.

3.1.1.4 Waterblasting Equipment

Include with the waterblasting equipment a trailer-mounted water tank, pumps, high-pressure hose, wand with safety release cutoff control, nozzle, and auxiliary water resupply equipment. Provide water tank and auxiliary resupply equipment of sufficient capacity to permit continuous operations. Use a nozzle with an adjustable guide that holds the nozzle aligned with the joint approximately 1 in above the pavement surface.

Adjust the height, angle of inclination and the size of the nozzle to obtain satisfactory results. Use a pressure gauge mounted at the pump that shows the pressure in psi at which the equipment is operating.

3.1.1.5 Air Compressor

Use a portable air compressor capable of operating the sandblasting equipment and capable of blowing out sand, water, dust adhering to sidewalls of concrete, and other objectionable materials from the joints.

Use a compressor that provides air at a pressure not less than 90 psi and a minimum rate of 150 cubic ft of air per minute at the nozzles and free of oil.

3.1.1.6 Vacuum Sweeper

Use a self-propelled, vacuum pickup sweeper capable of completely removing loose sand, water, joint material, and debris from pavement surface.

3.1.1.7 Hand Tools

Permit the use of hand tools, such as brooms and chisels, when approved, for removing defective sealant from a crack and repairing or cleaning the crack faces.

3.1.2 Sealing Equipment

Use joint sealing equipment of a type required by the sealant manufacturer's installation instructions. Use equipment capable of installing sealant to the depths, widths and tolerances indicated. Do not proceed with joint sealing when malfunctions are noted until the malfunctions are corrected.

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 7

3.1.2.1 Hot-Poured Sealing Equipment

Use mobile unit applicators equipped with a double-boiler, agitator-type kettle with an oil medium in the outer space for heat transfer for heating and installing ASTM D6690 joint sealant materials; a direct-connected pressure-type extruding device with a nozzle shaped for inserting in the joint to be filled; positive temperature devices for controlling the temperature of the transfer oil and sealant; and a recording thermometer for indicating the temperature of the sealant. Use an applicator unit designed so that the sealant circulates through the delivery hose and returns to the inner kettle when not in use.

3.1.2.2 Cold-Applied, Single-Component Sealing Equipment

Use equipment for installing ASTM D5893/D5893M single component joint sealants that consists of an extrusion pump, air compressor, following plate, hoses, and nozzle for transferring the sealant from the storage container into the joint opening. Use a nozzle with dimensions that allows the tip of the nozzle to extend into the joint to allow sealing from the bottom of the joint to the top. Maintain the initially approved equipment in good working condition, serviced in accordance with the supplier's instructions, and unaltered in any way without obtaining prior approval. Use lined hoses and seals to prevent moisture penetration and withstand pumping pressures. Use equipment free of contamination from previously used or other type sealant. Permit use of small hand-held air-powered equipment (i.e., caulking guns) for small applications.

3.2 SAFETY.

Do not place sealant within 25 ft of LOX equipment, LOX storage, or LOX piping. Clean joints in this area and leave them unsealed.

In accordance with the provisions of the Contract respecting "Accident

Prevention," take appropriate measures to control worker exposure to toxic substances during the work. Provide personnel protective equipment as required. Make Material Safety Data Sheets (Department of Labor Form

OSHA-20 or comparable form) available on the site.

3.3 PREPARATION OF JOINTS.

Unless otherwise indicated, remove existing material, saw, clean and reseal joints. Do not proceed with final cleaning operations by more than one working day in advance of sealant. Clean joints by removing existing joint sealing compound, bond-breakers, dirt, laitance, curing compound, filler, and protrusions of hardened concrete from the sides and upper edges of the joint space to be sealed and other foreign material with the equipment. Do not permit cleaning procedures that damage joints or previously repaired patches by chipping or spalling. Remove existing sealant to the required depth. Precise shape and size of existing joints vary, and conditions of joint walls and edges vary and include but are not limited to rounding, square edges, sloping, chips, voids, depressions, and projections.

3.3.1 Existing Sealant Removal

Cut loose the in-place sealant from both joint faces and to the required depth, using one of the approved methods mentioned under the EQUIPMENT paragraph. Provide a depth sufficient to accommodate blocking media and bond breakers that are required to maintain the depth of new sealant to be

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 8 installed. For expansion joints, remove existing sealant to a depth of not less than 1 in. When existing preformed expansion-joint material is more than 1 in below the surface of the pavement, remove existing sealant to the top of the preformed joint filler. Prior to further cleaning operations, remove loose old sealant remaining in the joint opening by blowing with compressed air. Permit use of hand tools to remove sealant from random cracks. Do not permit chipping, spalling, or other damage to the concrete.

Clean pavement surface with vacuum sweeper. Protect previously cleaned joints from being contaminated by subsequent cleaning operations.

3.3.2 Sawing

3.3.2.1 Refacing of Joints

Accomplish refacing or facing of joints using a concrete saw as specified in paragraph EQUIPMENT [to remove residual old sealant and a minimum of concrete from the joint face to provide exposure of newly cleaned concrete, and, if required, to enlarge the joint opening to the width and depth shown on the drawings.] [to saw through sawed and filler-type joints to loosen and remove material until the joint is clean and open to the full specified width and depth.] Provide exposure of newly clean concrete through removal. Remove burrs and irregularities from sides of joint faces. Stiffen the blade with a sufficient number of dummy (used) blades or washers. Clean, immediately following the sawing operation, the joint opening using a water jet to remove saw cuttings and debris and adjacent concrete surface. Protect adjacent previously cleaned joint spaces from receiving water and debris during the cleaning operation.

a. Joint Widening (Except Expansion Joints): Saw joints having grooves less than 3/8 in wide and less than 1 in deep to a minimum width of

1/2 in and to the minimum depth, as indicated.

3.3.2.2 Refacing of Random Cracks

Accomplish sawing of the cracks using a power-driven concrete saw as specified in paragraph EQUIPMENT. Use a saw blade 6 in or less in diameter to enable the saw to follow the trace of the crack. Stiffen the blade with dummy (or used) blades or washers. Immediately following the sawing operation, clean the crack opening using a water jet to remove saw cuttings and debris.

3.3.3 Final Cleaning of Joints

3.3.3.1 Sandblasting

Following removal of existing sealant, and sawing, and immediately before resealing, clean newly exposed concrete joint faces and pavement surface extending to a mimimum of 1/2 in up to 2 in from each joint edge by sandblasting until concrete surfaces in the joint space are free of sealants, dust, dirt, water and other foreign materials that prevent

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 9 bonding of new sealants to the concrete. Use sand particles of the proper size and quality for the work. Perform sandblasting with specified nozzles, air compressor, and other appurtenant equipment. Position nozzles to clean the joint faces. Make at least two passes; one for each joint face. Make as many passes as required for proper cleaning.

Immediately prior to sealing the joint, blow out the joint spaces with compressed air until completely free of sand, water, and dust. Install joint sealants to dry joints. Replace expansion joint filler material damaged in performing the work with new materials of the same type and dimensions as the existing material, or with appropriate blocking media.

3.3.4 Bond Breaker

At the time the joints receive the final cleaning and are dry, install bond breaker material as indicated with a steel wheel or other approved device.

3.3.4.1 Blocking Media (Backer Rod) (Except for Expansion Joints)

When the joint opening is of a greater depth than indicated for the sealant depth, plug or seal off the lower portion of the joint opening using a blocking media/back-up material to prevent the entrance of the sealant below the specified depth. Take care to ensure that the blocking media/backup material is placed at the specified depth and is not stretched or twisted during installation.

3.3.4.2 Bond Breaking Tape

Where inserts or filler materials contain bitumen, or the depth of the joint opening does not allow for the use of a backup material, insert a bond breaker separating tape to prevent incompatibility with the filler materials and three-sided adhesion of the sealant. Bond the tape to the bottom of the joint opening to prevent it from floating up into the new sealant.

3.3.5 Rate of Progress of Joint Preparation

Limit the stages of joint preparation, including sandblasting, air pressure cleaning and placing of the back-up material to only that lineal footage that can be sealed during the same day.

3.3.6 Disposal of Debris

Sweep pavement surface to remove excess joint material, dirt, water, sand, and other debris by vacuum sweepers or hand brooms. Remove the debris immediately in accordance with Section 02 41 00 DEMOLITION.

3.4 PREPARATION OF SEALANT.

3.4.1 Hot-Poured Sealants

Heat hot-poured sealing materials in accordance with ASTM D6690 and with safe heating temperature ranges recommended by the manufacturer. Withdraw and waste sealant that has been overheated or subjected to heating for over 3 hours or that remain in the applicator at the end of the day's operation. Heat sealant in specified equipment.

3.4.2 Single-Component, Cold-Applied Sealants

Inspect the ASTM D5893/D5893M sealant and containers prior to use. Reject materials that contain water, hard caking of any separated constituents, SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 10 nonreversible jell, or materials that are otherwise unsatisfactory. Do not reject sealants that exhibit settlement of constituents in a soft mass that can be readily and uniformly remixed in the field with simple tools.

3.5 INSTALLATION OF SEALANT.

3.5.1 Time of Application

After approval of the test section, seal joints immediately following final cleaning and placing of bond breakers. Commence sealing joints when walls are dust free and dry, and when weather conditions meet sealant manufacturer's instructions. If the above conditions cannot be met, or when rain interrupts sealing operations, reclean and permit the joints to dry prior to installing the sealant.

3.5.2 Sealing Joints

Do not install joint sealant until joints to be sealed have been inspected and approved. Install bond breaker just prior to pouring sealant. Fill the joints with sealant from bottom up until joints are uniformly filled solid from bottom to top using the specified equipment for the type of sealant required. Fill joints to 1/4 in plus or minus 1/16 in below top of pavement, and without formation of voids or entrapped air. Do not permit gravity methods or pouring pots to be used to install the sealant material. Except as otherwise permitted, tool the sealant immediately after application to provide firm contact with the joint walls and to form the indicated sealant profile below the pavement surface. Remove excess sealant that has been inadvertently spilled on the pavement surface. Do not permit traffic over newly sealed pavement until authorized. When a primer is recommended by the manufacturer, apply it evenly to the joint faces in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Check sealed joints frequently to ensure that newly installed sealant is cured to a tack-free condition within the specified time. Protect new sealant from rain during curing period.

3.6 INSPECTION/FIELD QUALITY CONTROL.

3.6.1 Joint Cleaning

Inspect joints during the cleaning process to correct improper equipment and cleaning techniques that damage the concrete pavement in any manner.

Approve cleaned joints prior to installation of the separating or back-up material and joint sealant.

3.6.2 Sealant Application Equipment

Inspect the application equipment to ensure conformance to temperature requirements, proper proportioning and mixing (if two-component sealant) and proper installation. Suspend operations if there is evidences of bubbling, improper installation, or failure to cure or set until causes of the deficiencies are determined and corrected.

3.6.3 Joint Sealant

Inspect the joint sealant for proper rate of cure and set, bonding to the joint walls, cohesive separation within the sealant, reversion to liquid, entrapped air and voids. Remove sealants exhibiting these deficiencies

SECTION 32 01 19.61 Page 11 prior to the final acceptance of the project from the joint, wasted, and replace at no additional cost to the Government. Obtain approval for each joint seal installation.

3.7 ACCEPTANCE.

Reject sealer that fails to cure properly, or fails to bond to joint walls, or reverts to the uncured state, or fails in cohesion, or shows excessive air voids, blisters, surface defects, swelling, or other deficiencies, or is not properly recessed within indicated tolerances.

Remove rejected sealer and reclean and reseal joints. Perform removal and reseal work promptly by and at the expense of the Contractor.

3.8 CLEAN-UP.

Upon completion of the project, remove unused materials from the site and leave the pavement in a clean condition.

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