SOW Attachment 11 Tree Ordinance New.pdf

JOINT BASE CHARLESTON

TREE ORDINANCE

1. Title: This ordinance shall be known and cited as "Joint Base Charleston (JB CHS) Tree Ordinance.”

2. Purpose: The purpose of this ordinance is to establish policies, regulations, and standards for the management of urban trees at JB CHS and to regulate the protection and removal of Heritage Trees. Tree management shall include, but not be limited to, tree establishment, maintenance, protection, and removal.

3. Objectives: The objectives of base urban tree management are to maximize the functional benefits of trees while minimizing the costs of management. These objectives are listed below.

3.1 Maintain the base’s tree canopy cover at or above its current level being composed of non-invasive tree species native to Coastal South Carolina area.

3.2 Enhance the aesthetic appearance of the landscape.

3.3 Provide direction and support for tree management.

3.4 Promote flight safety by ensuring trees around airfield comply with established criteria.

4. Benefits of Trees: Trees provide many environmental, social, and economic benefits that include, but are not limited to, the following:

4.1. Trees produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, thereby reducing air pollution and improving air quality.

4.2. Trees filter out dust, particulate matter, and airborne pollutants, thereby improving air quality.

4.3. Trees intercept precipitation reducing storm water runoff and improving water quality.

4.4. Tree roots hold soil reducing soil erosion, sedimentation and improving water quality.

4.5. Trees provide shade/cooling and windbreaks reducing energy use.

4.6. Trees provide wildlife food and habitat.

4.7. Trees buffer different land uses to eliminate or minimize nuisances such as dust, litter, noise, glare, signs, and unsightly buildings or parking areas.

4.8. Trees improve public health by providing oxygen, visually appealing landscapes and cooler temperatures reducing stress, encouraging outdoor exercise, and increasing well-being of citizens.

5. Applicability: The provisions of this ordinance shall apply to all base urban trees, as described herein. Some provisions of this ordinance shall apply to trees designated as Heritage Trees, as described herein. Exceptions will be trees that must be removed to ensure flight safety, meet mission requirements, comply with established runway criteria, or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Natural Resources staff.

5.1. Heritage Trees: All trees growing on JB CHS property that meet one or more of the following criteria shall be designated as Heritage Trees.

5.1.1. Has a diameter (DBH) greater than 24 inches.

5.1.2. Is of historic or landmark character, associated with a place, individual, or event important to the base or community history, or located so that it is widely known and appreciated on base.

5.1.3. Is a rare or threatened native species.

5.2. Determination of Heritage Tree Status: Natural Resources staff shall make the decision as to whether or not a tree shall be considered a Heritage Tree.

6. Administration: Base Civil Engineer is responsible for the administration of all provisions of this ordinance and for public tree management. The base’s Natural Resource Office is responsible for the enforcement of all provisions of this ordinance.

7. Definitions: In relation to this ordinance the following terms are defined in this section.

Term Definition Critical Root Zone A circular area on the ground equivalent to the area within the tree’s dripline, or a circle around the main stem with radius equivalent to 1.5 ' for every 1" diameter at breast height (DBH), whichever is greater. The upper portion of a tree containing large scaffold limbs, branches, twigs, and leaves.

Crown The upper portion of a tree containing large scaffold limbs, branches, twigs, and leaves.

DBH Diameter of the tree stem at breast height, 4.5 feet above the ground.

Dripline A vertical line extending down at the point of the greatest extent of the tree’s branches

Establishment The selection, placement, planting, and maintenance of new trees.

Hazard Tree A tree that is at risk of failure, either whole or in part, large enough to cause damage, and there exists within the falling distance a vulnerable target, such as people, buildings, vehicles, or hardscape

Maintenance Routine, periodic, or occasional activities directed at maintaining or improving a tree’s health and condition.

Protection Maintenance activities include but are not limited to mulching, pruning, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, cabling and bracing, and lightning protection system installation.

Pruning The deliberate removal of tree branches for a specific purpose, i.e., young tree training, deadwood removal, utility line, traffic, pedestrian clearance, or correcting structural defects

Removal The cutting of a tree at ground level to remove the tree’s main stem and crown. The tree stump and roots may be removed along with the stem and crown.

Roots Roots, apart from tap roots directly under the stem are generally located within the top 18 inches of soil and extend out from the stem two (2) to three (3) times the width of the crown

Stem The main woody portion of a tree that supports the crown and functions in the transport of water, nutrients, and carbohydrates from the crown to the roots and the roots to the crown.

Topping The improper removal of tree limbs with cuts made between nodes; also known as “tipping,” “heading” and “shearing.”

Tree A woody perennial plant, generally with a single stem but sometimes with multiple stems, with the potential to attain a mature size of at least 3 inches in stem diameter at 4.5 feet above the ground and a height of at least 15 feet.

8. Tree Committee

8.1. Name: A tree board has been created and is known as the “JB CHS Tree Committee.”

8.2. Members: The membership of the Tree Committee shall consist of members of the Base Civil Engineer Squadron and Natural Resource personnel from the Civil Engineer Environmental office. This includes the Environmental Flight Chief for JB CHS, Natural Resource Manager for JB CHS, Forester for JB CHS, and Conservation Manager for JB CHS.

8.3. Responsibilities: Responsibilities of the Tree Committee shall include:

8.3.1. Advise base personnel in all tree-related matters.

8.3.2. Make recommendations for tree establishment, maintenance, protection and removal.

8.3.3. Provide input as needed for development of annual work plans, construction projects and long-range planning.

8.3.4 Provide a list of trees recommended and not recommended for planting on base.

8.3.5. Review Tree Ordinance and provide recommendations for changes every five years.

8.3.6. Promote and carry out the Tree City USA program.

8.4. Meetings: Meetings will be held biannually or on an “as needed” basis.

9. Tree City USA: JB CHS shall maintain Tree City USA status and submit an application for this designation each year by December 31st to the South Carolina Forestry Commission and the National Arbor Day Foundation. Criteria to maintain eligibility for this program are:

9.1. Hold an annual Arbor Day Celebration. This observance will be held in December of each year. An Arbor Day Proclamation shall be created and included as part of the celebration.

9.2. Maintain an approved tree ordinance. The tree ordinance shall be reviewed, and revised, if necessary, at least once every five years.

9.3. Maintain an active Tree Committee responsible for advising the base on tree-related matters.

9.4. Spend at least $2 per capita on urban tree management, including planning, education, tree establishment, maintenance, protection, removal, and any other maintenance or management.

10. Tree Maintenance Standards: The base shall have the right and responsibility to establish, maintain, protect, and remove trees located on Air Force property.

10.1. Establishment: For Establishment purposes “Tree” shall mean one of the larger species from approved tree list. For Establishment purposes “small tree” or “shrub” shall mean one of the smaller species from approved list under the heading “Small Trees” or “Shrubs,” respectfully. 5

10.1.1. Tree Species List: Natural Resources will maintain a list of non-invasive, native, tree species recommended for planting on base property (Attachment 1). This list groups trees into three sizes:

Trees, Small Trees and Shrubs. In addition, the South Carolina Exotic Pest Plant Council has developed a list of plant species that are considered non-native, invasive, species (Attachment 2).

Trees that appear on this list should not be planted on base. If any exist, they should be removed and replaced with non-invasive native species. These lists are included as attachments to this ordinance and are also available with this Tree Ordinance in the appendixes of the base’s Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan

10.1.2. Tree Quality: Trees planted shall be good quality and have the following characteristics:

10.1.2.1 Have healthy roots, main stem and crown.

10.1.2.2. Be free from stem encircling and stem girdling roots.

10.1.2.3. Have a form characteristic of the species, but otherwise with a straight main stem and without co-dominant stems and included bark.

10.1.2.4. Have well-spaced branches.

10.1.2.5. Be free from insects, diseases, and mechanical injuries.

10.1.3. Tree Placement: Trees shall be planted in locations meeting the following criteria:

10.1.3.1. At least 30 feet from street intersections.

10.1.3.2. At least 25 feet from stop signs and light poles.

10.1.3.3. Trees planted within 15 feet of driveways, curbs, sidewalks, utility poles, fire hydrants, and mailboxes shall be from the “small trees” or “shrub” list.

10.1.3.4. No tree may be planted within 2.5 feet from the curb and sidewalks.

10.1.3.5. No tree shall be planted within 10 feet of overhead utility lines. Only “small trees” and

“shrubs” shall be planted within 20 feet of overhead utility lines. Species from the “Trees” list must be a minimum of 40 feet from a utility line.

10.1.3.5.1 No tree or shrub shall be planted beneath overhead utility lines.

10.1.3.6. “Small” trees shall be planted no closer than 15 feet to a building.

10.1.3.7 No “Tree” shall be planted closer than 30 feet to a building.

10.1.3.9. The Tree Committee may approve other tree placement designs in public spaces that do not meet the above criteria, such as a planned streetscape design.

10.1.4. Spacing between Trees: For street tree plantings, except for special planting plans approved by Tree Committee, the following minimum planting distances should be used:

10.1.4.1 “Small trees” shall be planted at least 25 feet apart. 6

10.1.4.2 “Trees” shall be planted at least 50 feet apart.

10.1.5. Open Soil Surface Area: All trees established under this ordinance and chosen from the approved list shall have a minimum square footage of open soil surface area when planted in tree wells or concrete cutouts. Trees shall have the minimum open soil surface areas listed below:

10.1.5.1. “Shrubs” – 16 square feet (4 feet x 4 feet).

10.1.5.2. “Small” trees – 64 square feet (8 feet x 8 feet).

10.1.5.3 “Trees” – 144 square feet (12 feet x 12 feet).

10.1.6. Utility Locates: The party excavating the planting hole shall be responsible for insuring that all underground utilities have been located and marked prior to any excavation.

10.2. Maintenance and Pruning

10.2.1. Pruning

10.2.1.1. Base Trees: Pruning and routine tree maintenance is the responsibility of the base grounds maintenance contractor. It is preferred that the person(s) supervising pruning be an International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) certified Arborist. At a minimum, the person supervising pruning operations should have taken and passed a certified ISA Tree Pruning Course. Tree pruning shall continue to be done on a routine basis to provide pedestrian, traffic, sign, light, and signal clearance, to reduce conflicts with buildings and infrastructure, to improve tree structure, form, and health, and to remove dead, diseased, dying and otherwise objectionable branches.

10.2.1.2 Newly Planted Trees: Care and maintenance of newly planted trees is the responsibility of base grounds maintenance contractor unless the trees are part of a construction project.

In this case, the project manager is responsible for ensuring that quality trees are planted and maintained during warranty period specified in project scope of work.

10.2.1.3. Private Trees: The base shall have the right to prune or remove trees on private property where appropriate easements have been obtained to ensure compliance with airfield criteria.

10.2.1.4. Topping: The topping of any tree shall not be permitted under any circumstances.

10.2.2. Mulching: All newly planted trees will be mulched with leaves, aged wood chips, pine straw, or other quality organic mulch during the establishment period—the first three years after planting. Mulch shall be applied in an even layer, 3-4 inches deep, out to the dripline of the tree. All trees shall be mulched where practical, as far out towards the dripline as possible.

Mulch shall be kept at least 6 inches away from the tree stem to avoid creating favorable conditions for insect, disease, or rodent infestation. Piling mulch around tree stems, volcanic mulching, is not allowed.

10.2.3. Irrigation: Newly planted trees (1st year) will be irrigated/watered May through October and during periods of drought or low rainfall, with 1 inch of water per week.

10.2.4. Pest Control: When base trees are found to have insect or disease infestations that pose a major threat to surrounding trees, they shall be effectively treated or removed. 7

10.3. Protection: During the installation, repair, alteration, or removal of any building, house, structure, utility line, or hardscape, or the conduct of a public event or gathering, any person, firm, or corporation in charge of such work or event shall protect the roots, stem, and crown of adjacent trees from harmful activities to prevent injury to such trees.

10.3.1. Activities Harmful to Trees: Activities harmful to trees shall include, but are not limited to, trenching, grading, grubbing, soil backfill or sedimentation, soil cuts, soil compaction from equipment, vehicle, or pedestrian traffic, soil compaction from materials storage, soil contamination from equipment maintenance and washouts, changes in water drainage, fire, stem wounds, limb wounds, improper pruning, and broken branches. These activities are common during infrastructure installation or repair, building or facility construction, and public events or gatherings.

10.3.2. Tree Protection Fencing and Other Protection Measures: Except in the case of public events and gatherings, tree protection fencing shall be erected at the critical root zone prior to the commencement of any harmful activity by the individual in charge of that activity and shall remain in place until the activity is completed. A physical barrier should be constructed at the dripline of trees that are to be preserved to prevent damage to limbs and root systems.

10.3.3. Protection of Heritage Trees: Heritage Trees shall be protected from all harmful activities within their critical root zone. Boring at a depth of at least 24 inches, instead of trenching, shall be required for the installation of underground utility lines within the critical root zone of Heritage Trees or other trees as deemed appropriate by Natural Resources staff.

10.3.4. Live oak trees are afforded the highest level of protection, and no cutting, removal, or damage of any kind is permitted. All construction and site activities shall be planned and executed to avoid impacts to live oaks, and every reasonable effort must be made to preserve, protect, and maintain their health and structural integrity before, during, and after the project.

10.4. Removal

10.4.1. Reasons for removal: Removal shall be permitted for the following reasons. Removal for other reasons may be permitted by recommendation of Natural Resources staff.

10.4.1.1. Tree is dead.

10.4.1.2. The tree is under attack by an insect or disease that is untreatable and results in rapidly declining tree health or a hazardous condition.

10.4.1.3. Tree is dying due to previous damage, and its condition cannot be improved with standard maintenance techniques.

10.4.1.4 Tree has a structural defect resulting in risk of whole or partial tree failure.

10.4.1.5 The tree is in a restricted growing space, is in conflict with the surrounding hardscape or infrastructure or planned construction projects and the conflict cannot be resolved.

10.4.1.6 Tree is in conflict with overhead utility lines and proper pruning cannot adequately reduce the conflict without severely disfiguring the tree. 8

10.4.1.7 Trees which must be removed to ensure compliance with established airfield criteria.

10.4.1.8 Tree is considered an invasive or an exotic species not native to JBS (i.e., Bradford or Callery Pear). These trees should be removed regardless of individual tree health.

10.4.1.9 Trees that must be removed to meet mission requirements or military construction projects.

Where a construction contract might be delayed by advertising a timber contract prior to advertising the construction contract or the harvest area is not of adequate size or volume to be commercially harvested by a qualified and approved logging company. The installation Forester shall appraise the timber to be removed from within the designated limits of the clearing/harvested area. The construction contract shall contain provisions for reimbursement to the United States Treasury in the form of a Cashier’s Check in the amount of the appraised timber value. Payment must be received before a Notice to Proceed can be given.

10.4.2. Replacement of Trees Removed: All trees removed on base property should be replaced where practical. If the site where the tree was removed is not suitable for replanting, a tree shall be planted in a suitable location as close as possible to the removal location. If there is no suitable location close to the removal location, a tree shall be planted in an appropriate planting location within Joint Base Charleston property. If a project involves removal of multiple trees, shrubbery or landscaping, a mitigation plan must be generated which will replace the trees, in-kind. In other words, if a project will take down ten 2-inch trees, then the mitigation plan should replace those trees with ten 2-inch replacement trees (from the approved list). However, if replacing larger trees, the replacement becomes cost prohibitive and therefore larger trees should be replaced with a greater number of smaller trees. For instance, a 30-inch oak could be replaced with ten 3-inch oaks, fifteen 2-inch oaks, etc.

10.4.3. All trees planted under this ordinance must be installed in a manner that prevents any mechanical damage to the trunk, branches, or root system. Mechanical damage is not permitted at any time during handling, transport, or planting. If a tree sustains mechanical damage during the planting process, it must be removed and replaced by the contractor with a healthy, undamaged tree at no additional cost. The contractor is responsible for ensuring the viability and survival of all planted trees for a period of one year following installation. This responsibility includes implementing and maintaining a proper watering regime and providing all necessary care to support healthy establishment and growth during the warranty period. See 10.2.3 for further instruction.

11. Damage to Base Trees: No person shall damage, destroy, remove, or otherwise harm a tree located on base property without permission from the Tree Committee or Natural Resources staff.

12. Emergencies: In emergency cases involving, not limited to, tornadoes, windstorms, floods, hurricanes, freezes, or other natural disasters requirements of this ordinance may be waived.

13. Preparation: This tree ordinance has been prepared in accordance with regulations, standards and procedures of the Department of Defense (DoD), the US Air Force and all applicable state and federal regulations.

Approved Native Tree and Plant List for Coastal South Carolina

The list if native trees and plants is composed only of plants native to the coastal plain of South Carolina.

Trees:

Scientific Name Common Name Evg/Decid Comments Bloom Time Acer rubrum red maple Decid Red fall color, freshwater wet areas Feb-March

Carya glabra pignut hickory Decid Dry or moist areas Carpinus caroliniana ironwood Decid Smooth bark, moist areas Celtis laevigata hackberry Decid Corky bark ridges Magnolia grandiflora southern magnolia Evg Large fragrant white flowers May-June Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-poplar Decid Moist areas Nyssa sylvatica black gum Decid Red fall color, moist or dry areas

Pinus elliottii slash pine Evg Low areas Pinus palustris longleaf pine Evg Sandy areas Pinus taeda loblolly pine Evg Throughout Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Decid Dry areas Quercus falcata southern red oak Decid Dry areas Quercus laurifolia laurel oak Evg Low or sandy areas Quercus phellos willow oak Decid Low areas Quercus virginiana live oak Evg Dry or wet areas Sabal palmetto cabbage palmetto Evg Dry or wet areas Taxodium distichum bald cypress Decid Freshwater wet areas

Small Trees:

Scientific Name Common Name Evg/Decid Comments Bloom Time Aesculus pavia red buckeye Decid Red flowers, freshwater wet areas April-May

Amelanchier canadensis serviceberry Decid White flowers, red fruit March-April Cercis canadensis eastern redbud Decid Lavender flowers, dry areas March-April Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree Decid Off-white flowers July-Sept Cornus florida flowering dogwood Decid White flowers, partial shade, red fall colors March-April

Crataegus marshallii parsley hawthorn Decid White flowers, red fruit, wet areas

April-May

Crataegus uniflora dwarf hawthorn Decid White flowers, red fruit, dry areas

April-May

Gordonia lasianthus loblolly bay Evg White flowers, wet areas July-Sept Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel Decid Pale yellow flowers, dry areas Oct-Dec Ilex opaca American holly Evg Red berries Ilex cassine Cassena holly Evg Red berries, moist areas Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar Evg Salt tolerant, dry or wet, blue fruit

Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay magnolia Semi-Evg White flowers, moist areas April-July Malus angustifolia crabapple Decid Pink flowers, throughout April-May Persea borbonia red bay Evg Used for cooking, moist areas Prunus caroliniana cherry laurel Evg Cream flowers, throughout March-April Sassafras albidum sassafras Decid Red fall color, throughout Sorbus arbutifolia red chokeberry Decid White flowers, red fruit, moist areas March-May

Symplocos tinctoria sweetleaf, horse sugar

Semi-Evg Cream flowers, sandy areas March-May

Xanthoxylum clavaherculis Hercules club Decid Thorns, sandy areas

Shrubs:

Scientific Name Common Name Evg/Decid Comments Bloom Time Baccharis halimifolia salt myrtle Evg Downy plumes, throughout Sept-Oct Bumelia (Sideroxylon) lycioides buckthorn bully, Decid White flowers, sandy/dry areas June-July Bumelia (Sideroxylon) tenax tough bully tree Decid White flowers, well-drained sandy areas May-June

Callicarpa americana American beautyberry

Decid Bright purple berries, pink flowers

June-July

Cephalanthus occidentalis button bush Decid White flowers, wet areas June-Aug Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush Decid White flowers, fragrant, freshwater wet areas Sept-Oct

Cyrilla racemiflora Titi Semi-Evg White flowers, moist areas May-July Hypericum hypericoides St. Andrew’s cross Semi-Evg Yellow Flowers, dry areas May-Aug Hypericum stans St. Peter’s cross Semi-Evg Yellow flowers, dry areas June-Oct Ilex cassine Dahoon holly Evg Red berries, freshwater wet areas

Ilex glabra inkberry Evg Black berries, moist areas Ilex verticillata Winterberry Decid Red berries, moist areas Ilex vomitoria Yaupon holly Evg Red berries, throughout Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Decid White flowers, red fall color, moist areas May-June

Leucothoe axillaris leucothoe Evg White flowers, moist areas March-May Lyonia lucida fetterbush Evg Pink flowers, moist areas April-June Myrica cerifera wax myrtle Evg Blue fruit, fragrant, throughout Osmanthus americana wild olive Evg Cream flowers, dry areas April-May Rhododendron canescens wild azalea Decid Pink flowers, freshwater wet-dry areas March-May

Rhododendron atlanticum dwarf azalea Decid Pink flowers, moist-dry areas April-May Rhus copallina winged sumac Decid Red fall color, dry areas Rosa carolina wild rose Decid Pink flowers, dry areas May-June Rosa palustris swamp rose Decid Pink flowers, moist areas May-July Sabal minor shrub palmetto Evg Moist areas Sambucus canadensis elderberry Decid White flowers, throughout April-July Serenoa repens saw palmetto Evg Low areas Vaccinium arboreum sparkleberry Evg Black berries, white flowers, dry areas April-June

Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry Decid Blue berries, white flowers, moist areas

Feb-May

Viburnum rufidulum blue haw Decid White flowers, dry areas March-April Yucca aloifolia Spanish bayonet Evg White flowers, dry sandy areas June-July Yucca filamentosa bear grass Evg White flowers, dry areas April-July

Flowering Perennials:

Scientific Name Common Name Comments Bloom Time Aesclepias tuberosa butterfly weed Orange flowers, dry areas May-Aug Baptista alba false indigo, white wild indigo White flowers April-Sept Baptista tinctoria yellow wild indigo Yellow flowers April-Sept Bidens laevis smooth beggar tick Yellow flowers, freshwater wet areas Sept-Nov Canna flaccida golden canna Yellow flowers, brackish wet areas May-July Coreopsis falcata sickle tickseed Yellow flowers, moist areas May-July Coreopsis gladiate, C.

helianthoides coastal plain tickseed Yellow flowers, moist areas Sept-Oct

Coreopsis lanceolata lance-leaved coreopsis Yellow flowers, dry areas April-June Coreopsis major, Anacis major greater tickseed Yellow flowers, dry areas June-Aug

Eupatorium coelestinum wild ageratum Blue flowers, dry or moist July-Oct Erythrina herbacea coral bean Red flowers, red seeds April-July Helianthus angustifolius swamp sunflower Yellow flowers, freshwater wet areas July to frost More on next page…

Flowering Perennials, continued:

Scientific Name Common Name Comments Bloom Time Helianthus strumosus pale-leaved/rough-leaved sunflower Yellow flowers July-Sept

Hibiscus moscheutos swamp rose-mallow White-pink flowers, freshwater wet areas May-Sept Iris virginica southern blue flag iris Blue flowers, freshwater wetlands April-May Kosteletzkya virginica seashore marsh mallow Pink flowers, wetlands June-Oct Liatris graminifolia, L.

pilosa grass-leaf/shaggy blazing star Lavender flowers, dry areas Sept-Oct

Liatris spicata dense blazing star, prairie gay feather

Lavender flowers, moist areas Sept-Oct

Mitchella repens partridge berry white flowers, partial shade May-June Monarda punctata horse mint Pink flowers, dry areas July-Sept Nuphar luteum yellow pond lily Yellow flowers, freshwater wetlands April-Oct Oenothera biennis common evening primrose Yellow flowers, dry areas June-Oct Oenothera drummondii beach evening primrose Yellow flowers, dry areas March-Nov Oenothera humifusa dunes evening primrose Yellow flowers, dry areas May to frost Oenothera speciosa showy evening primrose Pink flowers, dry areas April-July Opuntia compressa, O.

humifusa eastern prickly pear cactus Yellow flowers, dry areas April-June

Phlox carolina thickleaf phlox Lavender, pink, or white flowers May-July Pontederia cordata pickerelweed Blue-purple flowers, wetlands March-Oct Rudbeckia fulgida orange coneflower (black-eyed Susan) Yellow flowers, spreading, moist areas Aug-Oct

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan Yellow flowers, dry areas May-July Salvia coccinea scarlet sage Red flowers Feb-Nov Salvia lyrata lyre-leaved sage Blue flowers, dry areas May to frost Saururus cernuus lizard’s tail Off-white flowers, freshwater wetlands April-July Solidago rugosa rough goldenrod Yellow flowers, moist areas Aug-Nov Solidago sempervirens seaside goldenrod Yellow flowers, moist or dry areas Aug-Nov Tradescantia virginiana Virginia spiderwort Blue flowers, moist or dry areas April-July Verbena scabra sandpaper/rough vervain Pink flowers, brackish margins May-Oct Verbena canadensis, Glandularia canadensis pink/rose vervain Pink flowers, low dry areas March-May

Perennial Grasses, etc.:

Scientific Name Common Name Annual/Perennial Comments Bloom Time Andropogon glomeratus bushy broomsedge Perennial Large plumes, moist areas Aug-Oct Andropogon virginicus broomsedge bluestem Perennial Gold fall color, throughout Sept-Oct Arundinaria gigantea giant cane Perennial Wet or dry areas, partial shade to shade April-July

Calamagrostis cinnoides Nuttall’s reed grass Perennial Wet areas July-Oct Dichromena latifolia whitetop sedge Perennial White bracts, wet-moist areas May-Sept Muhlenbergia filipes sweetgrass Perennial Pink plumes, dry-wet areas Oct-Nov Panicum amarum seaside panicum Perennial Sand dune areas October Panicum virgatum switchgrass Perennial Pink-purple plumes, wet areas June-Oct Setaria parviflora, S.

geniculata knotroot bristlegrass, bristly foxtail grass

Perennial Dry areas May-Oct

Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Perennial Tall, graceful, dry areas Sept-Oct Sorghastrum elliottii slender Indiangrass Perennial Not rhizomatous, tall, graceful, moist-dry areas Aug-Nov

Spartina patens, Sporobolus pumilus salt hay, marsh hay cordgrass

Perennial Narrow blades, spreading, moist areas

June-Sept

Uniola paniculata seaoats Perennial Oat-like seeds, sand dune areas June-Sept

Vines:

Scientific Name Common Name Evg/Decid Comments Bloom Time Apios americana groundnut, potatobean Decid Purple flowers, moist areas June-Aug Bignonia capreolata crossvine Semi-Evg Red/orange flowers April-May Campsis radicans trumpet vine Decid Orange flowers June-July Clematis crispa swamp leather flower, curly virginsbower Decid White flowers, moist areas April-Aug

Clematis reticulata netleaf leather flower Decid White flowers, dry areas May-Aug Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina/yellow jessamine Evg Yellow fragrant flowers March-May Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle Evg Red flowers, red fruit March-July Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Virginia creeper Decid Red fall color May-July

Passiflora incarnata maypop, purple passionflower Decid Lavender flowers May-July

Ferns:

Scientific Name Common Name Evergreen/Deciduous Comments Adiantum capillus-veneris Venus’ hair fern Deciduous Shady calcareous slopes Athyrium asplenoides southern lady fern Deciduous Shady moist areas Dryopteris ludoviciana southern shield fern Deciduous Moist areas Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Deciduous Moist areas Osmunda regalis royal fern Deciduous Moist areas Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Evergreen Shady moist areas

List of Invasive Plant Species relevant to Joint Base Charleston and the South Carolina/Greater Charleston Coastal Plain.

Compiled through ground observations and filtered iNaturalist observations in the Greater Charleston area. Cross referenced with the South Carolina Forestry Commission & Clemson University's Invasive/Pest Plant List, SC Code of Regulations Chapter 27 Article 10 27-135.

Trees:

Scientific Name Common Name Ailanthus altissima tree of heaven Albizia julibrissin mimosa, silktree, Persian silktree Broussonetia papyrifera paper mulberry Cinnamomum camphora camphortree Eriobotrya japonica loquat Firmiana simplex Chinese parasol tree Melaleuca quinquenervia Paperbark tree, punk tree Melia azedarach Chinaberry Mimosa pigra Catclaw mimosa, giant sensitive tree Morus alba white mulberry Paulownia tomentosa princess tree Populus alba white poplar Pyrus calleryana Bradford pear, Callery pear Triadica sebifera Chinese tallow tree, popcorn tree

Shrubs:

Scientific Name Common Name Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Elaeagnus pungens thorny olive Elaeagnus umbellata autumn olive Lespedeza bicolor two-color bushclover, shrub lespedeza Ligustrum japonicum Japanese privet, waxy-leaf privet Ligustrum lucidum glossy privet, tall glossy privet Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet Nandina domestica Nandina, heavenly bamboo, sacred bamboo Nerium oleander oleander Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Poncirus trifoliata trifoliate orange, hardy orange Tamarix ramosissima, T. parviflora, T. gallica, T. africana saltcedar, tamarisk, French tamarisk

Vines:

Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet Clematis terniflora sweet autumn virginsbower Dioscorea polystachya Chinese yam Hedera helix English ivy Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern Pueraria montana kudzu Rosa laevigata Cherokee rose Vinca major bigleaf periwinkle Vinca minor common periwinkle Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria

Grasses, etc.:

Arundo donax giant reed Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge Eragrostis curvula weeping lovegrass Imperata cylindrica cogongrass Lolium arundinaceum tall fescue Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass Miscanthus sinensis Chinese silvergrass Panicum repens torpedograss Paspalum dilatatum Dallisgrass Paspalum notatum Bahiagrass Paspalum urvillei Vaseygrass Phragmites australis ssp. Australis common reed, phragmites Phyllostachys aurea golden bamboo Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis itchgrass Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass

Forbs:

Carduus nutans nodding thistle Cirsium vulgare bull thistle Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace Ficaria verna, Ranunculus ficaria lesser celandine / fig buttercup Lespedeza cuneata Sericea lespedeza / Chinese bushclover Murdannia keisak Asian spiderwort / wart removing herb Phyllanthus uriniaria chamberbitter Senna obtusifolia coffeweed / sicklepod Sesbania punicea rattlebox Solanum viarum tropical soda apple

Approved Native Tree and Plant List for Coastal South Carolina.pdf