J6B - FSSS Little Yellow Mountain Combined.pdf

FOREST SERVICE

SUPPLEMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS

LITTLE YELLOW MOUNTAIN COMBINED

NANTAHALA RANGER DISTRICT

NANTAHALA NATIONAL FOREST

MACON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

Table of Contents

Preface

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbrevia ons

101.04 Defini ons

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract

Delete Sec on 102

103 - Scope of Work

Delete Subsec ons 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05

104 - Control of Work

Delete Subsec ons 104.01, 104.02, 104.04

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

105 - Control of Material

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspec on

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

Delete Subsec on 107.05

108 - Prosecution and Progress

Delete Sec on 108

109 - Measurement and Payment

Delete Subsec ons 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09

109.01 Measurement of Work

109.02 Measurement Terms and Defini ons

152 - Construction Survey and Staking

152.04 General

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements

Table 152-1 Construc on Survey and Staking Tolerances

153 - Contractor Quality Control

153.04 (2) (a) Submi al Log

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

Delete Sec on 155

156 - Public Traffic

Sec on 156. – PUBLIC TRAFFIC

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

157.04 General

204 - Excavation and Embankment

Sec on 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

207 - Earthwork Geotextiles

207.04(c)(1) First layer placement and compac on

209 - Structure Excavation and Backfill

209.10 Compac ng

302 - Minor Crushed Aggregate

302.04 Placing Crushed Aggregate

602 - Culverts and Drains

602.03 General

602.05 Laying Metal Pipe

602.05 Laying Metal Pipe

625 - Turf Establishment

Sec on 625. — TURF ESTABLISHMENT

725 - Miscellaneous Material

725.19 Bentonite

Preface Preface_wo_08_10_2023

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions 101.01_National_8_10_2023

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 101.01:

101.01 Meaning of Terms.

Delete all references to the TAR (Transporta on Acquisi on Regula ons) in the specifica ons.

101.03_National_8_10_2023

Add the following to Subsection 101.03:

101.03 Abbrevia ons.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR — Agriculture Acquisi on Regula ons

AFPA — American Forest and Paper Associa on

FSAR — Forest Service Acquisi on Regula ons

MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administra on

NESC — Na onal Electrical Safety Code

WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspec on Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous unit abbrevia ons.

MP — milepost loca on ppm — parts per million volume

STA sta on loca on

101.04_National_8_10_2023

Make the following changes to Subsection 101.04:

101.04 Defini ons.

Delete these definitions and replace the following:

Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Bridge — A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruc on such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor — The individual or legal en ty contrac ng with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a mber sale contract, the contractor is the “Purchaser”.

Culvert — Any structure with a bo om, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any bo omless (natural channel) structure with foo ngs that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings — (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrica on, erec on, or construc on details submi ed to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifica ons and Drawings for Construc on. Also refers to submissions and submi als.

No ce to Proceed — (Public Works Contracts) Wri en no ce to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way — A general term deno ng (1) the privilege to pass over land in some par cular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicita on—(Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether a ached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospec ve bidders.

Add the following definitions:

Adjustment in Contract Price — “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisi on Regula ons, or “construc on cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change — “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisi on Regula ons, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Forest Service — The United States of America, ac ng through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excava on or structure.

Pioneer Road — Temporary construc on access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser — The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corpora on contrac ng with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and ac ng independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse — A drainage shown on the plans or mber sale area map that requires designated mi ga on measures.

Road Order — An order affec ng and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdic on. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authori es of 36 CFR, part 260.

Shop Drawings — (Timber and Stewardship Contracts) Referred to as “Drawings” in FP-14, include drawings, diagrams, layouts, schema cs, descrip ve literature, illustra ons, lists or tables, performance and test data, and similar materials furnished by Purchaser to explain in detail specific por ons of the work required by the contract.

U liza on Standards —

The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in Public Works contract specifica ons or Timber Sale and IRTC contract provisions to determine merchantable mber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustra on of road structure terms.

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract 102.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

Delete Sec on 102.

103 - Scope of Work 103.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete all of Section 103 except Subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

Delete Subsec ons 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05.

104 - Control of Work 104.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

Delete Subsec ons 104.01, 104.02, 104.04.

104.06_National_8_10_2023

Add the following to Subsection 104.06:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor.

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdic on of the Forest Service for all ac vi es necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limita ons and authoriza ons designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or na onal forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

105 - Control of Material 105.05_National_8_10_2023

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Delete 105.05 (a) and (b) and the last sentence of the second paragraph and subs tute the following:

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quan es required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. Place excess material safely at government-approved loca on, at no addi onal cost to government.

106 - Acceptance of Work 106.01_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspec on of Construc on.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authori es refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicita on for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sec ons, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommenda ons or to these specifica ons, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specifica on values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any devia ons are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor varia ons from the median zone that are unavoidable for prac cal reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are iden fied by gauge, unit mass, sec on dimensions, etc.), the iden fica on will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any me before final acceptance of the project. When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request. Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor tes ng and inspec on is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accep ng work are described in Subsec ons 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive. The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Sec on of work. However, work may be rejected at any me it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove, repair, or replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted. Removing, repairing, or replacing work; providing temporary traffic control; and any other related work to accomplish conformity will be at no cost to the Government.

(a) Dispu ng Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved a er reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evalua on may be obtained by wri en request. Include a narra ve describing the dispute and a proposed resolu on protocol that addresses the following:

1. Sampling method;

2. Number of samples;

3. Sample transport;

4. Test procedures;

5. Testing laboratories;

6. Reporting;

7. Estimated time and costs; and

8. Validation process.

If the evalua on requires addi onal sampling or tes ng be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and tes ng by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accredita on program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accredita on for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolu on protocol and may modify it before final approval and execu on.

The Government will use the approved resolu on protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed tes ng. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolu on protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolu on protocol.

If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolu on protocol.

(b) Alterna ves to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alterna ve to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a wri en request to:

1. Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2. Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain suppor ng ra onale and documenta on. Include references or data jus fying the proposal based on an evalua on of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthe cs, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposi on of the nonconforming work.

106.02_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsection 106.02 and replace with the following:

106.02 Visual Inspec on.

Acceptance is based on visual inspec on of the work for compliance with the specific contract requirements. Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public 107.05_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsection 107.05.

Delete Subsec on 107.05.

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

Delete Sec on 108.

109 - Measurement and Payment 109.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, and 109.09:

Delete Subsec ons 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09.

109.01_National_8_10_2023

Delete the third paragraph and Table 109-1 of Subsection 109.01 and replace with the following:

109.01 Measurement of Work.

Take measurements as described in Subsec on 109.02 unless otherwise modified by the Measurement Subsec on of the sec on controlling the work being performed. Table 109-1 indicates the accuracy required for quan es of the various pay units used in the Schedule of Items. Use this guide to determine the decimal placement in the final payment.

Table 109-1

Decimal Accuracy of Quan es for Final Payment

Pay Item Level of Precision Linear Foot 1

Exception--Timber, Steel, and concrete Piles 0.1 Station 0.1 Mile 0.01 Square Foot 0.1 Square Yard 0.1 Each 1 Acre 0.01 Gallon 1 M-Gals. 0.1 Cubic Yard 1

Exception--Structure Excavation; Sheathing Materials; Bedding, Bed Course, and Backfill Materials; Gabions;

0.1

Exception--Concrete; Masonry 0.01 Pound 1 Ton 0.1

Exception--Calcium Chloride;

Sodium Chloride; Hydrated Lime;

Bituminous Materials; Pavements;

Bed Course Materials

0.01

Hour 0.1

MFBM 0.01

Station Yard 1 Cubic Yard Mile 1

Ton Mile 1

109.02_National_8_10_2023

Add the following sentence to Subsection 109.02(b):

109.02 Measurement Terms and Defini ons.

(b) Contract quan ty.

Contract quan es will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

152 - Construction Survey and Staking 152.00_National_8_10_2023

Add the following to Subsection 152.04(c):

152.04 General.

(c) Material.

Use required stake dimensions and materials. Pre-paint the top 2 inches of all stakes and lath, or mark them with plas c flagging. Use designated colors for paint or flagging. Mark all stakes with a stake pencil that leaves a legible imprint, or with waterproof ink.

Do not use aerosol spray paints.

Use moisture-resistant paper for survey notes. Keep notes in books with covers that will protect the contents and retain the pages in numerical sequence.

Make the following changes to Subsection 152.05:

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements.

Delete Subsection 152.05(d)(2) and replace with the following:

(d) Slope and reference stakes.

(2) Conven onal survey methods. When required, locate slope stakes on designated por ons of the road. Locate the slope stake catch points and use them to establish clearing limits and slope stake references.

Mark slope stakes with the sta on, the amount of cut or fill, the horizontal distance to centerline, and the slope ra os.

Place slope reference stakes at least 10 feet outside the clearing limit and mark with the offset distance to the slope stake. Place sight stakes when required.

Prior to clearing and grubbing opera ons, move the slope stake outside the clearing limit to the slope reference stake. A er clearing and grubbing and before excava on, reset the slope stakes in their original posi on.

Use the designated method to establish the slope stake catchpoint.

Method I—Computed Method. Use the template informa on shown in the plans or other Government-provided data to calculate the actual loca on of the catchpoint. The slope stake “catchpoint distance” provided may be used as a trial loca on to ini ate slope staking. Recatch slope stakes on any sec on that does not match the staking report within the tolerances established in Table 152-2.

Method II—Catchpoint Measurement Method. Determine the loca on of slope stake catchpoints by measuring the catchpoint distances shown in the plans or other Government-provided data.

Add the following to Subsection 152.05(e):

(e) Clearing and grubbing limits.

Mark the clearing limits with flagging or tags on trees to be le standing, or on lath. Make markings intervisible, and no more than 90 feet apart.

A er establishing clearing limits, move the loca on line stake outside the clearing limits for sta on iden fica on purposes, and mark it with horizontal distance to loca on line.

Replace Table 152-1 with the following:

Table 152-1 Construc on Survey and Staking Tolerances Table 152-1

Construction Survey and Staking Tolerances (1)

Staking Phase Horizontal Ver cal

Control points set from exis ng Government control points- Tolerance Class A

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

±0.01 feet × N

(±3 millimeters × N )(2)

Mapping, topography, and cross-sec on Points- Tolerance Class A

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

Centerline points (3) including (PC), (PT), (POT),(POC), and references- Tolerance Class A

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

Slope-stake and slope-stake references- Tolerance Class A (4)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ±50 millimeters)

Culverts, ditches, and minor drainage structures stakes- Tolerance Class A

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

Retaining walls stakes ±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Curb and gu er stakes ±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Bridge substructures stakes ±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)(5)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Bridge superstructures stakes ±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)(5)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Clearing and grubbing limit stakes- Tolerance Class A

±1.00 feet (±300 millimeters)

Roadway subgrade finish stakes- Tolerance Class A (6)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Roadway finish grade stakes (6) ±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Table 152-1 Construction Survey and Staking Tolerances (continued) (1)

Staking Phase Horizontal Ver cal

Control points set from exis ng Government control points –Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ×

(±20 millimeters × )(2)

Mapping, topography, and cross-sec on points–Tolerance Class B (7)

±1.00 feet (±300 millimeters)

±0.50 feet (±150 millimeters)

Centerline points including (PC), (PT), (POT),(POC), and references–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

Slope-stake and slope-stake references– Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ±50 millimeters)

Culverts, ditches, and minor drainage structures stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±150 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

Clearing and grubbing limit stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±2.00 feet (±600 millimeters)

Roadway subgrade finish stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±10 millimeters)

Roadway finish grade stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±10 millimeters)

(1) At sta s cal 95 percent confidence level. Tolerances are rela ve to exis ng Government control points.

(2) N is the number of instrument setups.

(3) Centerline points: PC - point of curve, PT - point of tangent, POT - point on tangent, POC - point on curve.

(4) Take the cross-sec ons normal to the centerline ±1 degree.

(5) Bridge control is established as a local network and the tolerances are rela ve to that network.

(6) Includes paved ditches.

(7) Tolerance Class B for Very Low Volume Roads with an aggregate or na ve finished surface.

N

N

153 - Contractor Quality Control 153.10_Regional_8_10_2023

Add the following Subsection:

153.04 (2) (a) Submi al Log At a minimum the contractor shall provide project submi als as shown on the Submi al Log below. Submi al requirements are listed in the Standard Specifica ons, Supplemental Specifica ons, and Plans.

Submi al Log

Log No.

Indirect payment to Pay

Item(s) Description of Submittal Type of

Submittal

Requirement found in

Specification No.

/Drawings

Additional Specification References

1 15101 Weed Free Material Source Cer fica on

Material Cer fica on

FSSS 105.02(c)

2 15101 Hazardous Spill Plan Plan FP-14 107.10

3 15101 Contractor Quality Control Plan Plan FSSS 153.02

4 15713 Soil Erosion and Pollu on Control Plan Plan FSSS 157.04

15713 Dewatering Plan Plan FP-14 208.07

5 30207A NCDOT #57 Stone Material Cer fica on

NCDOT

Standard Specifica ons Sec on 1005

6 30207B NCDOT RIPRAP Class 2 Material Cer fica on

NCDOT

Standard Specifica ons Sec on 1042

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

Delete Sec on 155.

156 - Public Traffic 156.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Section 156 in its entirety and replace with the following:

Sec on 156. – PUBLIC TRAFFIC Descrip on

156.01 This work consists of controlling and protec ng public traffic adjacent to and within the project.

Material

156.02 Conform to the MUTCD and the following Sec ons and Subsec ons:

Permanent Traffic Control 633

Traffic Signing and Marking Material 718

Concrete Barriers and Precast Guardwalls 618

Temporary plas c fence 710.11

Construc on Requirements

156.03 General. Accommodate traffic according to MUTCD, approved traffic control plan and this sec on.

Perform work in a manner that ensures safety and convenience of the public. Unless otherwise provided for in Table 156-1, keep exis ng roads open to all traffic during road improvement work, and maintain them in a condi on that will adequately accommodate traffic. Delays may not exceed 60 minutes at any one me followed by an open period of no less than 15 minutes. Accommodate public traffic on roads adjacent to and within the project un l the project is accepted according to Subsec on 106.07(b).

Submit traffic control plan at least 30 days prior to intended use. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic or exis ng access to the roadway surface un l a traffic control plan has been approved.

Post construc on signs and traffic control devices in conformance with MUTCD and Forest Service EM 7100-15.

All required signs will be in place and approved prior to beginning work on project.

If the Contractor agrees in wri ng to allow public traffic to use a new road being constructed prior to comple on, it will be considered an exis ng road for traffic control purposes.

156.04 Temporary Traffic Control. Install and maintain temporary traffic control devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the approved traffic control plan and the MUTCD. Install and maintain traffic control devices as follows:

(a) Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of construc on opera ons.

(b) All detours outside of clearing limits will be approved in wri ng by the Contrac ng Officer as part of the traffic control plan.

(c) Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage or phase.

(d) Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary.

(e) Remove devices that no longer apply to the exis ng condi ons.

(f) Immediately replace any device that is lost, stolen, destroyed, or inopera ve.

(g) Keep temporary traffic control devices clean.

(h) Remove all temporary traffic control devices upon contract comple on or when approved.

(i) When required, use flaggers cer fied by the American Traffic Safety Services Associa on, the Na onal Safety Council, the Interna onal Municipal Signal Associa on, a state agency, or other acceptable organiza on. Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6. Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflec ve shee ng on flagger paddles. Do not use flags. Flaggers must wear high visibility safety apparel as required by MUTCD 6E.02.

156.05 Temporary Closures. Road segments may be closed as shown in Table 156-1. The maximum consecu ve days of closure shall be followed by a minimum number of consecu ve days open to traffic as shown. Maintain traffic control devices during closure period(s). Appropriate barricades and signs will be erected and maintained as shown in the traffic control plan or as otherwise designated.

Prior to closing roads during construc on, give wri en no ce to the Contrac ng Officer at least 10 days in advance.

Table 156-1 Temporary Road Closures

Road Number

From Terminus

To Terminus

Maximum Consecu ve Days of Closure

Minimum Consecu ve Days Open

367 3.9 4.0 14 N/A

156.06 Acceptance. Public traffic work will be evaluated under Subsec on 106.02.

Measurement and Payment

156.07 Do not measure Public Traffic for payment. Payment for contract work is provided indirectly. See Subsec on 109.05.

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 157.04_National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsection 157.04 and replace with the following:

157.04 General.

Thirty (30) days prior to the start of construc on, submit a wri en plan according to subsec on 104.03 with all necessary permits that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimenta on during and a er construc on. Do not begin work un l the necessary controls for that par cular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or loca on of any control without approval.

When erosion control measures are not func oning as intended, take correc ve ac on to eliminate or minimize pollutants in storm water discharges from the project.

204 - Excavation and Embankment 204.00_National_8_10_2023

Delete Section 204 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Sec on 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT Descrip on

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This work also includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Defini ons.

(a) Excava on. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excava on. Material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcava on covered in Subsec on 204.02(a)(2) and structure excava on covered in Sec ons 208 and

209. Roadway excava on includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteris cs.

(2) Subexcava on. Material excavated from below subgrade eleva on in cut sec ons or from below the original ground-line in embankment sec ons. Subexcava on excludes the work required by Subsec on

204.05 or 204.06.

(3) Borrow excava on. Material used for embankment construc on that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excava on includes unclassified borrow, and topping.

(b) Embankment construc on. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing founda on for embankment;

(2) Construc ng roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Construc ng dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Subsections:

Topping 704.05

Unclassified borrow 704.06

Water 725.01(c)

204.04 Prepara on for Roadway Excava on and Embankment Construc on. Clear the area of vegeta on and obstruc ons according to Sec ons 201 and 203.

Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excava on and embankment. Maintain drainage during pioneering opera ons.

204.05 Conserved Topsoil. When designated, conserve topsoil from roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas. Stockpile conserved topsoil in low windrows immediately beyond the rounding limits of cut and embankment slopes or in other approved locations. Separate conserved topsoil from other excavated material.

When designated, place conserved topsoil on completed slopes according to Section 624.

204.06 Roadway Excava on. Excavate as follows:

(a) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits.

Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Pioneer Roads. Conduct excava on and placement opera ons so material to be treated under Sec on 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method. Maintain drainage during pioneering opera ons.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

(d) Drainage Feature. Drainage feature includes construc on of all ditches, minor channel changes, drainage dips, catch basins, surface water deflectors, and other minor drainage structures. Compact the material according to Subsec on 204.11. Excavate on a uniform grade between control points.

Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits. Retrieve material deposited outside the construction limits. Dispose of unsuitable or excess excavation material according to Subsection 204.14. Replace shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation.

Shape to drain and compact the work area to a uniform cross-section at the end of each day's operations.

204.07 Subexcava on. Excavate material to the required limits. Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsec on 204.14. Take cross-sec ons according to Sec on 152. Backfill subexcavated area with suitable material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness and compact according to Subsec on 204.11. Prevent unsuitable material from mixing with suitable backfill material.

204.08 Borrow Excava on. Use suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction. Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the total borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source approval according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsections 105.03 and 105.06. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Founda on for Embankment Construc on. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment over natural ground. Remove topsoil and break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters) by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an exis ng asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters). Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the pavement. Reduce particles to a maximum size of 6 inches (150 millimeters) and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of suppor ng equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an exis ng slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal steps in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Step the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers. Begin each step at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous step.

204.10 Embankment Construc on. Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment.

When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet (2 meters) high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes with a tamping foot roller, by walking with a dozer, or by over-building the fill and then removing excess material to the final slope line. For slopes 1V:1¾H or steeper, compact the slopes as embankment construction progresses.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches (600 millimeters) thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch (600-millimeter) layer by reducing them in size or placing individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches (600 millimeters) in diameter as follows:

(1) Reduce rock to less than 48 inches (1200 millimeters) in the largest dimension;

(2) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nes ng;

(3) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permi ed above. Fill voids between rocks; and

(4) Compact each layer according to Subsec on 204.11(a) before placing the next layer.

(c) Embankment outside of roadway prism. When placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches (600 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compac on. Compact the embankment using one of the following methods as specified.

(a) Placement Method 1. Use AASHTO T 27 to determine the quantity of material retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Compact as follows:

(1) More than 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical.

Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width with one of the following and until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation:

(a) Four roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 40,000 pounds (180 kilonewtons) impact per vibra on and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibra ons per minute;

(b) Eight roller passes of a 20-ton (20-metric ton) compression-type roller; or

(c) Eight roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibra on and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibra ons per minute.

Increase the compactive effort for layers deeper than 12 inches (300 millimeters) as follows:

For each addi onal 6 inches (150 millimeters) or frac on thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsec on 204.11(a)(1)(a), by four passes; or

For each addi onal 6 inches (150 millimeters) or frac on thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsec on 204.11(a)(1)(b) and (c), by eight passes.

(2) 50 to 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Use AASHTO T 99 to determine the optimum moisture content of the portion of the material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Multiply this number by the percentage of material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve, and add 2 percent to determine the optimum moisture content of the material.

Use nonvibratory rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet(1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width according to Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

(3) Less than 50 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. For material classified A-1 or A-2-4, determine the maximum density according to AASHTO T 99, Method C.

Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type or vibratory rollers. Compact each layer of material full width to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures. When required, use AASHTO T 224 to correct for coarse particles.

(b) Placement Method 2. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac on. Fill the inters ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac cal. Operate roller compac on equipment over the full width of each layer un l there is no visible evidence of further consolida on or, if when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Ensure rollers meet the following requirements:

(1) Steel wheeled rollers, other than vibratory, capable of exer ng a force of not less than 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of the compression roll or rolls.

(2) Vibratory steel wheeled rollers equipped with amplitude and frequency controls with a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibra on, specifically designed to compact the material on which it is used.

(3) Pneuma c- red rollers with smooth tread res of equal size that will provide a uniform compac ng pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exer ng a ground pressure of at least 80 psi (550 Kilopascals).

(4) Sheepsfoot, tamping, or grid rollers capable of exer ng a force of 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of roller drum.

(c) Placement Method 3. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac on. Fill the inters ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac cal. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer un l there is no visible evidence of further consolida on. Make at least three complete passes.

(d) Placement Method 4. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac on. Fill the inters ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac cal. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer.

(e) Placement Method 5. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac on. Compact the complete surface with a bucket of an excavator larger than 39,000 pounds (18 metric ton) Gross Vehicle Weight using a minimum of three blows. Overlap compac on by ½ width of bucket.

(f) Placement Method 6. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac on. Compact using an approved mechanical tamper for a minimum of three complete passes.

When compac ng with rollers or hauling and spreading equipment is not prac cal, use approved mechanical tampers for a minimum of three complete passes.

204.12 Drainage Features. Slope, grade, and shape all drainage features. Remove projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all drainage features in an open condition and without sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete subgrade, slopes, drainage features, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish to the designated tolerance class as defined in Table 204-2 as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in Subsection 204.13(b), with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D through M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material and repair or restore damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes. Where required, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains non-rippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing; smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the roadbed. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed, and replace it with suitable material. Scarify to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material.

Maintain proper ditch drainage.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or according to Subsection 203.05(a)

When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location. Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling, testing, and acceptance requirements.

Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Subexcavation will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

(a) Roadway excava on. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

(1) Include the following volumes in roadway excava on:

(a) Roadway prism excava on;

(b) Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sec ons;

(c) Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcava on is not listed in the bid schedule;

(d) Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate pay item;

(e) Conserved topsoil;

(f) Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not listed in the bid schedule;

(g) Loose sca ered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

(h) Conserved material taken from pre-exis ng stockpiles and used in Sec on 204 work, except topsoil measured under 624; and

(i) Slide and slipout material not a ributable to the Contractor's method of opera on.

(2) Do not include the following in roadway excava on:

(a) Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

(b) Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excava on;

(c) Water or other liquid material;

(d) Material used for purposes other than required;

(e) Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

(f) Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

(g) Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

(h) Preparing founda ons for embankment construc on;

(i) Material excavated when benching for embankments;

(j) Slide or slipout material a ributable to the Contractor's method of opera on;

(k) Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the op on of the Contractor;

(l) Material excavated outside the established slope limits; and

(m) Road pioneering for the convenience of the Contractor.

(3) When both roadway excava on and embankment construc on pay items are listed in the bid schedule, measure roadway excava on only for the following:

(a) Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcava on is not listed in the bid schedule;

(b) Slide and slipout material not a ributable to the Contractor’s method of opera ons; and

(c) Drainage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow, and topping. When measuring by the cubic yard (cubic meter) measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in-place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden. Do not measure borrow excavation until suitable roadway excavation is depleted.

(c) Embankment construc on. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

(1) Include the following volumes in embankment construc on:

(a) Roadway embankments;

(b) Material used to backfill subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

(c) Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

(d) Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

(2) Do not include the following in embankment construc on:

(a) Preparing founda ons for embankment construc on;

(b) Adjustments for subsidence or se lement of the embankment or of the founda on on which the embankment is placed; and

(c) Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. If a pay item for slope rounding is included in the bid schedule measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the centerline of the roadway. If a pay item is not included for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule payment will be considered indirect to roadway excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over-burden. Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing overburden.

(f) Slope scaling. Measure slope scaling by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in the hauling vehicle.

(g) Subexcava on. Measure subexcavation by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its original position.

(h) Drainage features. Measurement includes all excavation, embankment, shaping, and grading necessary for a completed drainage feature.

Payment

204.17 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Table 204-1 Sampling, Testing, and Acceptance Requirements

Material or Product (Subsection)

Type of Acceptance (Subsection)

Characteristic Category Test Methods Specifications

Sampling Frequency

Point of Sampling

Split Sample

Reporting Time

Source Topping (704.05)

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04 & 105)

Classification(1) – AASHTO M 145

1 per soil type and source of material

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Unclassified borrow (704.06)

Production Topping (704.05) and (204.11(a))

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04)

Moisture-density – T 99, Method C(2)

1 per soil type, but not less than 1 per each 13,000 yd3 (10,000 m3)

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 3500 yd2 (3000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement of next layer

Unclassified borrow (704.06) and (204.11(a))

" Moisture-density – T 99, Method C(2)

1 per soil type, but not less than 1 per each 13,000 yd3 (10,000 m3)

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Material or Product (Subsection)

Type of Acceptance (Subsection)

Characteristic Category Test Methods Specifications

Sampling Frequency

Point of Sampling

Split Sample

Reporting Time

Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 3500 yd2 (3000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement of next layer