J5C - PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.docx

Statement of Work (SOW) NFSR 146 A Collins Road Repairs Croatan National Forest National Forests in North Carolina

21 AUG 2023

Existing Conditions

A variety of failing road conditions and culverts have been identified through post hurricane safety inspections across Croatan National Forest. The existing 60 inch culvert did not match the capacity of flow during Hurricane Florence and washed out of the road.

General.

The project involves:

Removing and replacing 4 failing culverts. Installation of 2 object markers per culvert. Clean and remove trash, waste, and refuse. Ditching on both sides of the road. Finish grading of the roadbed. Placing and finish grading aggregate surface courses.

1. The contractor shall supply all material, labor, tools, equipment, cranes, vehicles, supplies, incidentals, supervision, and safety measures to complete the project.

2. The contractor shall be responsible to verify the necessary quantities of materials to be supplied and volumes of materials required to execute project requirements as described in the plans.

3. Hours of work shall be any time after sunrise and before sunset any day of the week. Potable water, electrical power, and toilet facilities are not available at the project sites.

4. All work shall be done in accordance with FP-14, product manufacturer specifications, plans, OSHA and this document.

Terms, Format, and Definitions

These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, “the Contractor,” is implied. Also implied in this language are “shall,” “shall be,” or similar words or phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever “directed,” “required,” “prescribed,” or other similar words are used, the “direction,” “requirement,” or “order” of the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever “approved,” “acceptable,” “suitable,” “satisfactory,” or similar words are used, the words mean “approved by,” “acceptable to,” or “satisfactory to” the Contracting Officer.

The word “will” generally pertain to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

When there is no pay item in the Schedule of Items, no direct payment is made. Activities not explicitly described are considered incidental to the task.

The first four digits of the pay item number in the Schedule of Items correlate with the specification which is a section or subjection of the FP-14 with Forest Service Supplemental Specifications written in where it supersedes the FP-14. The digits following the first four digits identify individual line items.

Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifications, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms AA – Aluminum Association AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act AFPA – American Forest and Paper Association AGC – Associated General Contractors of America ANSI – American National Standards Institute ASTM – American Society for Testing Materials CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 5 CO – Contracting Officer and all representatives COR – Contracting Officer’s Representative ER – Engineering Representative FHWA – Federal Highway Administration FICA – Federal Insurance Contributions Act FLH – Federal Lands Highways FSS – Federal Specifications and Standards FUTA – Federal Unemployment Tax Act GSA – General Services Administration ITE – Institute of Transportation Engineers LS – Lump Sum MSHA – Mine Safety and Health Administration MUTCD – Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (for Streets and Highways) NESC – National Electrical Safety Code NFPA – National Forest Products Association NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology OSHA – Occupation Safety and Health Administration PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride PW – Public Works SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers SF – Standard Form SI – International System of Units STA – Station TS – Timber Sale 6 UL – Underwriter’s Laboratory U.S. – United States USC – United States Code USGS – United States Geological Survey USPS – United States Postal System

(b) Symbols d — daytime h — hour time min — minute time s — second time mp — mile post location ppm — parts per million quantity º — degree plane angle ‘— minute plane angle “— second plane angle

(c) Slope notation (vertical: horizontal). For slopes flatter the 1V:1H, express the slope as the ratio of one unit vertical to a number of units horizontal. For slopes steeper than 1V:1H, express the slope as the ratio of a number of units vertical to one unit horizontal.

The following definitions apply to this contract:

Adjustment in Contract Price – “Equitable adjustment” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Award – The written acceptance of a bid by the CO.

Backfill – Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction. Material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.

Place excavated material in a manner that will not impede water flow or potentially increase sedimentation of waters. Shape inslopes and backslopes to promote revegetation and soil stabilization. Slopes of 1.5:1 or flatter are preferred if terrain permits. Compact fill material to reduce entry of water, increase load carrying capacity and minimize settling. Deposit excess material in stable locations away from streams, lakes, wetlands, and seasonal ponds. Shape and stabilize borrow pits and excess material. Limit the area excavated to that which can be properly shaped and compacted within a day, with provisions for storm drainage and sedimentation control.

Base – The layer or layers of material placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course.

Bidder – Any individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Bid Guarantee – A form of security assuring that the bidder will not withdraw a bid within the period specified for acceptance and will execute a written contract and furnish required bonds.

Change – “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Commercial Certification – See subsection 106.03.

Construction Limits – The limits on each side of the project that establish the area disturbed by construction operations and beyond which no disturbance is permitted. Typically, the construction limits are the same as the clearing limits, except when additional clearing is required.

Contract – The written agreement between the Government and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for the prescribed work.

Contracting Officer (CO) – An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Contractor – The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a Timber Sale Contract, the Contractor is the “Purchaser.”

Contract Time – The specified time allowed for completion of all contract work.

Cross Section – A vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of the roadway or other work.

Danger Tree – Any tree or its parts that will fail because of a defect and cause injury to people.

Forest Service – An agency of the United States Department of Agriculture managing public lands in national forests and grasslands.

Government – The Government of the United States of America.

Layer – See “Lift.”

Lift – Defined as follows:

When placing and compacting soils and aggregates, a lift is any single continuous layer of material that receives the same compaction effort during a single work operation.

When installing culvert pipe less than or equal to 48 inches in diameter, the backfill material placed on both sides of the pipe is considered to be contained in the same lift when the material is placed to the same elevation on both sides of the culvert, the compaction effort applied to one side of the culvert is the same as that applied to the other, and the compaction effort is applied to both sides of the pipe in a continuous operation. Unless the culvert is a ditch relief and when installing culvert pipe less than or equal to 48 inches in diameter, the backfill material placed on both sides of the pipe is considered to be contained in a slope determined lift when the material is placed to different elevations the compaction effort applied to the road side of the culvert is the same as that applied to the slope slide, and the compaction effort is applied to both sides of the pipe in a continuous operation with variances applied due to depth changes.

Material – Any substance specified or necessary to satisfactorily complete the contract work.

Maximum Particle Size – The smallest sieve opening through which all particles in the material will pass. Measurement – The process of identifying the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of an item. See section 109 for measurement methods, terms, and definitions.

Pavement Structure – The combination of subbase, base, geotextiles, and surface courses placed on a subgrade to support and distribute the traffic load to the roadbed.

Pay Item – A specific item of work for which a unit and price is provided in the contract.

Payment Bond – The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and furnished to the Government to ensure payments as required by law to all persons supplying labor or material according to the contract.

Performance Bond – The security executed by the Contractor and surety, or sureties furnished to the Government to guarantee completion of the contract work.

Pioneer Road – Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Plans – The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of the work.

Production Certificate – See subsection 106.03 Professional Engineer – Engineers who hold valid State licenses permitting them to offer engineering services directly to the public, who are experienced in the work for which they are responsible, who take legal responsibility for their engineering designs, and who are bound by a code of ethics to protect the public health.

Profile Grade – The trace of vertical plane intersecting a particular surface of the proposed road construction located as shown on the plans, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed. Profile grade means either elevation of gradient or trace according to the context.

Project – The specific section of the highway road or other property on which construction is to be performed under the contract.

Purchaser – The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse – A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

For all culverts, ensure that the bottom is either surface-flush and allows for unrestricted hydrological flows, and is safe, sound, and feasible for the long-term operability and function of the culvert; Or that riprap or other materials designated and approved by the CO are placed in a way that is flush with the bottom of the pipe to allow for the unrestricted passage of wildlife through the entirety of the culvert. Install drainage structures as construction proceeds. Install culverts at grades 2% more than the ditch grade and angled at least 30 degrees from perpendicular to the flow of water to improve inlet efficiency. Provide adequate drainage for road grades during construction to minimize erosion of unconsolidated materials. Retain out slope drainage and minimize berms on the outside edge during construction operations, except those intentionally constructed for protection of road grade fills. Provide temporary cross-drainage structures (such as water bars) during construction where needed. Install siltation barriers, such as silt fences and straw bales, during construction in sites where roads and water have close contact for extended periods. See Culvert Standard Specifications.

Right-of-Way – Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Road – See figure 101.1 Illustration of road structure terms.

Roadbed – The graded portion of a road prepared as a foundation for the subsequent layers of structure and shoulders.

Road Order – An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Roadside – All area within the right-of-way excluding the traveled way and shoulders.

Roadway – A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Roadway Prism – The volume defined by the area between the original terrain cross section and the final design cross section multiplied by the horizontal distance along the centerline of the roadway.

Avoid creating a corridor of debris. Do not leave jackstrawed or overturned stumps in immediate foreground. Reduce height of dozed clearing debris during road construction. See Diagrams Defining The Road Prism.

Schedule of Items – A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, unit price, and amount.

Shoulder – The portion of the roadway contiguous to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of the pavement structure.

Specifications – The written requirements for performing work.

Standard Forms – Numbered forms issued by the General Services Administration for use as contract documents.

Standard Plans – Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Station – (1) A measure of distance used for roads and other linear features. A station is equal to 100 feet. (2) A precise location along a survey line.

Structures – Bridges, culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, retaining walls, cribbing, manholes, endwalls, buildings, sewers, service pipes, underdrains, foundation drains, and other constructed features that may be encountered in the work.

Subbase – The layer or layers of material placed on a subgrade to support a base.

Subcontract – The written agreement between the Contractor and an individual or legal entity prescribing the performance of a specific portion of the work.

Subcontractor – An individual or legal entity with which the Contractor sublets part of the work. This includes all subcontractors in any tier.

Subgrade – The top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure and shoulders are constructed. Substantial Completion – The point at which a project is complete such that it can be safely and effectively used without further delays, disruption, or other impediments.

Suitable Material – Rock or earth material that will provide stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds, and is reasonably free or organic matter, roots, muck, sod, or other detrimental material. Suitable material may require drying or adding water, root picking, and other methods of manipulation before use. Suitable material includes the classifications of materials for which the project was designed.

Superintendent – The Contractor’s authorized representative in responsible charge of the work.

Surety – An individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a Contractor to satisfy a contract obligation.

Surface Course – The top layer or layers of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load and resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and weathering.

Thousand Board Feet (Mbf) – 1,000 board feet based on nominal widths, thickness, and extreme usable length of each piece of lumber or timber actually incorporated in the job. For glued laminated timber, 1,000 board feet based on actual width, thickness, and length of each piece actually incorporated in the job. (One board foot equals 1 inch by 12 inches by 12 inches.)

Timber Sale – A Government issued contract for the removal of timber from National Forest System lands.

Traveled Way – The portion of the roadway designated for the movement of vehicles, including curve widening, exclusive of shoulders.

Unsuitable Material – Material not capable of creating stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds. Unsuitable material includes muck, sod, or soils with high organic content.

Utilization Standards – The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the PLANS to determine merchantable timber.

Work – The furnishing of all labor, material, equipment, and other incidentals necessary to successfully complete the project according to the contract.

Note: Shapes and dimensions will vary to fit local conditions. See drawings for typical sections.

X and Y denote clearing outside of the final design cross section.

Figure 101.1—Illustration of road structure terms.

Products.

1. Government furnished property: None.

2. Source of Supply and Quality Requirements: Select sources and provide acceptable material. Notify the CO of all proposed sources before delivery to the project to expedite material inspection and testing. Do not incorporate material requiring submittal into the work until approved. Material may be approved at the source of supply before delivery to the project. Approval does not constitute acceptance. If an approved source does not continue to supply acceptable material during the life of the project, further use of that source may be denied.

3. Contractor furnished products: All. Including but not limited to the following:

a. Rip Rap, Class 3K. Shall conform to section 705.02 FS supplemental specifications of the FP-03 as follows:

b. Excavatable lean concrete backfill “flowable fill” and foam sealant.

c. Material excavated from the roadway prism shall be re-used to backfill the bridge abutments except where deemed unsuitable by the CO due to moisture or debris content.

d. Surface course gradation shall conform to Table 703-3 of the FS supplemental specifications of the FP-14 as follows:

½ inch

No. 8

e. Furnish aluminum-alloy corrugated metal pipes for culverts in accordance with section 707.03.

f. Furnish object markers conforming to ASTM D4956, including supplementary requirements.

Location.

Croatan National Forest locations as follows:

Figure 1: Vicinity Map Figure 2: Area Map of Collins Rd and Culverts 1-4

Execution: Contractor coordination.

1. The Contractor shall schedule a pre-construction meeting two weeks prior to starting their construction operations.

2. The Contractor shall provide vendor mill stamps or letter of compliance with material specifications upon delivery.

3. The Contractor shall coordinate with the Government to minimize interruptions of public and private operations.

4. The Contractor shall provide traffic control service and markers compliant with MUTCD for low volume roads.

5. The Contractor shall locate and protect all utilities during construction.

6. The Contractor shall locate, protect, or perpetuate any survey monuments or property corners within the construction limits of the jobsite.

7. The Contractor shall coordinate with the Government to have any vehicles moved which may hinder contractor operations.

8. The contractor shall police for tire laceration hazards with a magnet daily.

9. The contractor will remove all old culverts, debris, rags, waste material; tools etc. from the project site at the end of each workday and properly dispose of offsite.

Execution: Culverts, Gates, Objects, & Roads Installation, Maintenance, & Removal.

Performance standards are as follows:

ITEM

NUMBER

DESCRIPTION

Requirements

151.01 Mobilization This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material, and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the obtaining of permits, insurance, and bonds. Do not disturb material, drainages, and vegetation outside the road prism limits.

635.01 Temporary Traffic Control. See section 63500

106.00 All equipment proposed to be used for performance of the work must be of the size, type, number and in such condition to properly pursue the requirements of this contract. Grading equipment must be capable of cutting, crowning and shaping operations necessary to meet the requirements of Activity Codes applicable in the technical (performance standards) requirements and Typical Section Drawings.

The Contractor's proposed equipment must be made available for inspection prior to award of the contract. If at any time during the course of this contract the equipment is deemed unsatisfactory, the CO may order removal and may require a satisfactory replacement, at Contractor's expense. Replacement equipment, if ordered, is to be onsite and working within 48 hours.

Any movement or transportation of equipment to or from work areas required to pursue the work on designated roads, to repair or replace equipment, or for the Contractor's convenience must be at the Contractor's expense.

Speed Limit. An operating speed limit for all equipment operating or performing operations of any kind other than movement for transportation, will not, at any time, exceed 5 miles per hour. Work conducted by vehicles moving over 5 miles per hour will be considered as unsatisfactory. Moreover, any damage caused by vehicles or workers are the responsibility of the Contractor. Failure to comply with the speed limit will be considered a safety violation and the final measures of enforcement will be issued by the CO.

Worker Safety Training. An extremely important safety strategy. The type and amount of training depends on job duties and responsibilities of assigned workers to tasks. Training is needed to operate most tools and machinery. Training should provide information on the use of personnel protection equipment, occupational hazards and health risks, and other pertinent topics.

Many resources are available to ensure that workers receive proper work zone safety training, including commercial training services and products. The National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse has many training resources relevant to highway worker safety at http://www.workzonesafety.org/. These include a variety of free training resources developed through the national Work Zone Safety Grant program see at http://www.workzonesafety.org/fhwa_wz_grant. As part of the grant effort, the Roadway Safety Program+ is a valuable software training tool that can be downloaded free of charge.

In addition to all the topics listed above, it contains safety training modules on:

• excavation, equipment operation, and electrical work.

• runovers/back overs, falls, sprains/strains, struck/crush injuries; and

• health issues associated with outdoor working environments.

The FHWA also maintains a database of worker training programs available at:

http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/outreach/wz_training/worker_safety.htm.

Many unions and trade associations also offer highway work zone safety training.

Depending on the duties of the worker, training pertaining to the various worker safety training programs should provide instruction consistent with the requirements described in ANSI/ASSE A10.47-2009: Work Zone Safety for Highway Construction standard. The training should also be consistent with other national standards pertaining to highway work zone design and operation (e.g., the Roadside Design Guide, the national MUTCD, etc.).

Actions That Lead to Good Risk Management. Managing risk requires an initiative-taking approach. Below is a set of actions that may be taken to improve their risk management position.

• Requiring and implementing regular work zone traffic control inspections as a matter of policy.

• Moving in a timely manner to resolve any deficiencies in a reasonable and timely fashion, which may include notifying others and following up on their response.

• Installing signing or other notifications for a hazardous condition if an immediate resolution is not possible or is too expensive, and documenting how and why this decision was reached; and

• Demonstrating a priority list of actions on deficient conditions if fiscal constraints prevent immediate action.

Safe and Effective Work Zone Inspections. The key to a successful work zone inspection program can be summed up with four critical elements. The must have:

• Overarching policies that clearly spell out responsibilities and competencies for individuals involved in the work zone inspection program communicating from agency to project levels.

• A monitoring program that regularly evaluates the effectiveness of agency policies and project-level actions.

• A standardized procedure for program and project deficiency identification and follow-up; and

• A process that fold’s feedback on performance back into the program.

These guidelines should provide the practitioner with the necessary knowledge to accomplish the following objectives:

• Recognize the value of work zone inspections to:

o Increase safety for workers and motorists.

o Increase compliance with applicable design standards and Federal requirements.

o Improve mobility through the work zone; and o Serve as an agency risk management tool.

• Set up a program – by establishing inspection program elements at the project levels to help develop a comprehensive, initiative-taking, and effective work zone inspection program, or confirm and enhance elements currently in place.

• Make a program successful and maximize benefits – this is accomplished by proper training, effective policies, making the inspection program an integral part of doing business for the agency, and ensuring there is a feedback mechanism to fold performance analyses back into the inspection program.

• See the big picture – seeing how the various components of project-level inspections interrelate with the agency’s statement of objectives.

Measurement

151.02 Measure the Section 151 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Material Identified Pay Items, Plans, Typicals, Callouts, Instructions, Cut Sheets, Details, and Standards

152.01 This work consists of furnishing qualified personnel and necessary equipment and material to survey, stake, calculate, and record data for the control of work. See FAR Clause 52.236-17 Layout of Work.

The Contractor must, when indicated as a performance standard. Develop, and present a detailed construction staking plan for implementation as directed. The Contractor may amend additional flagging, marking, or other deployment method to ensure observance of restrictive zones of operations within the Roadway Prism, but shall comply to the indicative industry standards outlined in (FSSS) FP-14 Section 152 for staking. The plan, post-implementation may be requested for inspection at the request of the CO.

Survey and staking (marking) are required to identify and visually identify with visual aid and for clear identification by equipment operators’ the locations of culverts, bridges, government property locations, and protected wilderness, or other off-limits areas to prevent damages. As well as to ensure conformance to the Forest Service standards and specifications for roads and bridges. Annotations and marking, for observational marking may be annotated with a portable device and employment of visual markers. Maps and locations of many of the objects are available by request to the COR.

152.02 General. Include staking activities in the construction schedule submitted according to FP-03 AND FP-14 or FP-14Section 155. Include the dates and sequence of each staking activity. The Government must set initial reference lines, must furnish the data for use in establishing control, location of known culverts, and protected areas for completion of each element of the work. Contractor should request the applicable style type formats for data requests from the Government.

Before surveying or staking, discuss and coordinate the following with the CO:

(a) Surveying and staking methods;

(b) Stake marking;

(c) Grade control for courses of material;

(d) Referencing;

(e) Structure control; and

(f) Any other procedures and controls necessary for the work.

Survey and establish controls within the tolerances shown in Table 152-1.

(g) Culverts. Stake culverts to fit field conditions. The location of culverts may differ from the plans. Perform the following:

(1) Survey and record the ground profile along the culvert centerline.

(2) Determine the slope catch points at the inlet and outlet.

(3) Set reference points and record information necessary to determine culvert length and end treatments.

(4) Plot-to-scale the profile along the culvert centerline. Show the natural ground, the flow line, the roadway section, and the culvert including end treatments and other appurtenances. Show elevations, grade, culvert length, and degree of elbow.

(5) Submit the plotted field-design cross-section for approval of final culvert length and alignment.

(6) When the field design has been approved, set drainage structure survey stakes, reference stakes, and stake inlet and outlet ditches to make the structure functional.

(7) Stake or grade ditches to make the culvert functional.

(h) Bridges. Set adequate horizontal and vertical control and reference points for all bridge substructure and superstructure components. Establish and reference the bridge chord or the bridge tangent. Also establish and reference the centerline of each pier, bent, and abutment.

(k) Permanent monuments and markers. Perform all survey and staking necessary to establish permanent monuments and markers. Set permanent monuments according to Section 621.

(l) Miscellaneous survey and staking. Perform all surveying, staking, and recording of data essential for establishing the layout and control of the following, as applicable:

152.04 Acceptance. Construction survey and staking must be evaluated under Subsections

106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

152.05 Measure the Section 152 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable Measure grade finishing stakes one time for the subgrade and one time for each aggregate course.

Do not measure resetting stakes.

For miscellaneous survey and staking paid by the hour, the minimum survey crew size is 2 persons. Do not measure time spent in making preparations, traveling to and from the project site, performing calculations, plotting cross-sections and other data, processing computer data, and other efforts necessary to successfully accomplish construction survey and staking.

Material

201.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03 Tree wound dressing 713.08(g) And Identified Pay Items, Plans, Typicals, Callouts, Instructions, Cut Sheets, Details, and Standards Description

201.01 This work consists of clearing and grubbing within the clearing limits designated in the plans.

201.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03 Construction Requirements

201.03 General. Construct erosion control measures according to Section 157. Perform work within designated limits.

Do not damage vegetation designated to remain. If damage occurs, repair or replace the vegetation in an acceptable manner. Where possible, preserve vegetation adjacent to bodies of water.

201.04 Clearing. Within the clearing limits clear trees, brush, downed timber, and other vegetation as follows:

(a) Cut trees so they fall within the clearing limits;

(b) In areas of cut slope rounding, cut stumps flush with or below the final ground-line;

(c) In areas outside the excavation, embankment, and slope rounding limits, cut stumps to within 12 inches or one-third of the stump diameter of the ground, whichever is higher, measured on the side adjacent to the highest ground.

(d) Trim tree branches that extend over the road surface and shoulders to attain a clear height of 14 feet. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

(e) When marked in advance, remove dead trees over 6 inches in diameter measured at 12 inches above the ground that lean toward the road and are tall enough to reach the roadbed.

201.05 Grubbing. Grub deep enough to remove stumps, roots, buried logs, moss, turf, or other vegetative debris as follows:

(a) Grub areas to be excavated, except for cut slope rounding areas;

(b) Grub embankment areas. Undisturbed stumps less than 24 inches (600 millimeters) in diameter may be left in place if they protrude less than 6 inches (150 millimeters) above the original ground and must be covered with more than 48 inches (1200 millimeters) of embankment. Remove all other stumps;

(c) Grub pits, channel changes, and ditches only to the depth necessary for the excavation; and

(d) Backfill stump holes and other grubbing holes with backfill material to the level of the surrounding ground according to Subsection 209.09. Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.10.

201.06 Disposal. Merchantable timber is the Contractor's property. Dispose of clearing and grubbing debris according to Subsection 203.05 (f) Scattering when on Forest Service land. Where the bridge site is on private land debris must be hauled to Forest Service land for scattering where designated by the C.O. Scatter construction slash outside the clearing limits without damaging trees. Limb all logs. Place logs and stumps away from trees, positioned so they must not roll, and are not on top of one another. Limb and scatter other construction slash to reduce slash concentrations.

201.07 Acceptance. Clearing and grubbing must be evaluated under Subsection 106.02. Material for tree wound dressing must be evaluated under Subsection 106.03. Backfilling and compacting of stumps and grubbing holes must be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

201.08 Measure the Section 201 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable. Do not make deductions from the area computation unless excluded areas are identified in the contract. Do not measure clearing and grubbing of borrow or material sources.

Material Identified Pay Items, Plans, Typicals, Callouts, Instructions, Cut Sheets, Details, and Standards

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This work also includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.12 Ditches. Slope, grade, and shape ditches. Remove projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain ditches in an open condition and without sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete slopes, ditches, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in Subsection 204.13(b), with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale rock slopes.

(b) If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material and repair or restore damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(c) Stepped slopes. Where required, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains non-rippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(d) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(e) Finishing. Remove material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the roadbed. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed and replace it with suitable material. Finish roadbeds that are compacted according to Subsection 204.11(b) and (c) to within ±0.05 foot (±15 millimeters) of the staked line and grade. Finish roadbeds that are compacted according to Subsection 204.11(a) to within ±0.10 foot (±30 millimeters) of the staked line and grade. Finish ditch cross-sections to within ±0.10 feet (±30 millimeters) of the staked line and grade. Maintain proper ditch drainage.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material according to Subsection 203.05(a).

Cleaning of Culverts. All culverts shall be inspected and cleaned as necessary of dirt, silt, muck, rock, logs, brush, debris and vegetative matter to maintain a smooth flow of water.

Culvert inlets shall be cleaned to the invert of the pipe so that 100% of the pipe’s end area is open for a distance equal to one (1) culvert diameter outside the inlet. Constructed drop inlets shall be cleaned to their original dimensions and depth of basin. Handwork required to properly clean drainage structure inlets is considered part of this activity.

These culverts shall be cleaned for a distance equal to two (2) culvert diameters into each end of the pipe.

Drainage basins for these culverts shall be cleared of brush and other woody debris for a three (3) foot radius at the inlet and outlet.

Culverts that are more than 1/2 silted in throughout its length shall be brought to the attention of the COR and shall be exempt from normal cleaning operations. Throughout this operation, care shall be taken to prevent damage to culvert pipes, end sections and all other appurtenances.

All material, including brush, extracted in this operation shall be disposed of at the site outside the roadway and away from natural or man-made drainages.

Tail Ditches. Tail ditches at culverts shall be cleaned as needed to maintain the same grade (+ 2%) and width as the pipe and to provide unobstructed drainage away from the roadway to their original length or to daylight. If silt traps service the tail ditches then they are to be cleaned to their original dimensions and depth. Material excavated from these ditches is not to be reclaimed onto the roadway. Unsuitable material may be spread on the fill slopes in a manner that must not affect watercourses or the roadway.

Method of Measurement

(f) Drainage structure cleaning and reshaping must be measured to the nearest tenth of a mile, using an odometer calibrated over a measured mile. Measurement must be made along the road center line.

Material

209.02 Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Construction Requirements

209.03 Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

Excavate trenches or foundation pits according to Subsection 208.03. Excavate to foundation grade without disturbing the trench or foundation surface. Foundation grade is the elevation at the bottom of the bedding for installing the structure.

209.04 Channel Preservation. Preserve channels according to Subsection 208.04, except excavate inside separations such as dikes or sandbags.

209.05 Foundation Seal. When foundation seals are necessary, construct a foundation seal according to Subsection 208.06.

209.06 Dewatering. When dewatering is necessary, dewater according to Subsection 208.07.

209.07 Foundation Preparation. Excavate unsuitable material when encountered at foundation grade as directed by the CO.

This work includes removal and disposal of the old culvert off of government property.

209.09 Backfill as follows:

(a) General. Place backfill layers evenly on all sides of the structure. Extend each layer to the limits of the excavation or natural ground.

Place backfill material in compacted layers not exceeding 6 inches (150 millimeters) in depth.

Do not place backfill material against concrete until 80 percent of the design strength is achieved.

Compact each layer according to Subsection 209.10.

Compact material placed in all layers to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the inplace density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures.

Do not apply density requirements as measured by AASHTO T 310 to material incapable of being tested or compacted to maximum values determined by AASHTO T 99. For these material, fill the voids around the rock in each layer with earth or other fine material. Compact each layer until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

Compact the aggregate using one of the following methods as specified:

Compaction A. Operating spreading and hauling equipment over the full width of the travelway.

Compaction B. Operate rollers and compact as specified in Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

Compaction C. Moisten or dry the aggregate to a uniform moisture content between 5 and 7 percent based on total dry weight of the mixture. Operate rollers and compact as specified in Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

Compaction D. Compact to a density of at least 95 percent of the maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T 99, method C or D.

Compaction E. Compact to a density of at least 96 percent of the maximum density, as determined by the Modified Marshall Hammer Compaction Method (available upon request from USDA Forest Service, Regional Materials Engineering Center, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807).

Compaction F. Compact to a density of at least 95 percent of the maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T 180, method C or D.

Compaction G. Compact to a density of at least 100 percent of the maximum density as determined by the Modified Marshall Hammer Compaction Method (available upon request from USDA Forest Service, Regional Materials Engineering Center, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807).

For all compaction methods, blade the surface of each layer during the compaction operations to remove irregularities and produce a smooth, even surface, When a density requirement is specified, determine the in place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures.

Description

303.01 This work consists of reconditioning ditches, shoulders, roadbeds, aggregate surfaces, or the entire road.

Material

303.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Water 725.01(c) Construction Requirements

303.03 Ditch Reconditioning. Remove slide material, sediment, vegetation, and other debris from existing ditches and culvert inlets/outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets/outlets to achieve positive drainage and uniform ditch width, depth, and grade. Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.03D Ditch Reconditioning Deep-ditches. A deep ditch also allows for faster drainage of the subgrade into the ditch and helps maintain high soil strength beneath the roadbed.

Remove slide material, sediment, vegetation, and other debris from existing ditches and culvert inlets/outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets/outlets to achieve positive drainage and uniform ditch width, depth, and grade. Dispose of waste as designated by CO.

Drainage structures and road appurtenances shall not be damaged during this operation.

Handwork required to properly connect ditch flow lines to drainage structure inlets is considered part of this activity.

Ditch gradients on insloped roads should be steep enough to prevent excessive sediment deposition and allow rapid drainage, but not so steep as to result in ditch erosion. The road gradient usually dictates the ditch gradient. Outsloped roads do not drain to the ditch, so sediment accumulation is not an issue.

Lead-off ditches shall be cleaned as needed to maintain the grade and width needed to provide unobstructed drainage away from the roadway to their original length or to daylight. Cleaning silt traps that service the roadside ditches or lead-off ditches is included in this work. Restore silt traps to their original dimensions and depth. Material excavated from these ditches is not to be reclaimed onto the roadway. Unsuitable material may be spread on the fill slopes in a manner that will not affect watercourses or the roadway.

Transitions to ditch relief culverts shall be made smooth and the transition from normal ditch depth to the invert of the culvert shall occur within a 25’ (+/- 5’) distance of the culvert inlet. Ditch debris shall not be left piled at or around culvert entrances.

Hydrologically connected ditches should be constructed and maintained to minimize the amount of surface erosion.

Unless otherwise directed by the COR, ditches shall be cleaned so that depth of ditch is 1 foot below the shoulder of the road and the slope of the ground from the road shoulder to the bottom of the ditch is 2H:1V.

303.03V Ditch Reconditioning V-ditches. The V ditch can be shallower than a deep ditch and may be placed where roadbed saturation should not be an issue.

Remove slide material, sediment, vegetation, and other debris from existing ditches and culvert inlets/outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets/outlets to achieve positive drainage and uniform ditch width, depth, and grade. Dispose of waste as designated by CO.

Drainage structures and road appurtenances shall not be damaged during this operation.

Handwork required to properly connect ditch flow lines to drainage structure inlets is considered part of this activity.

Lead-off ditches shall be cleaned as needed to maintain the grade and width needed to provide unobstructed drainage away from the roadway to their original length or to daylight. Cleaning silt traps that service the roadside ditches or lead-off ditches is included in this work. Restore silt traps to their original dimensions and depth. Material excavated from these ditches is not to be reclaimed onto the roadway. Unsuitable material may be spread on the fill slopes in a manner that will not affect watercourses or the roadway.

Transitions to ditch relief culverts shall be made smooth and the transition from normal ditch depth to the invert of the culvert shall occur within a 25’ (+/- 5’) distance of the culvert inlet. Ditch debris shall not be left piled at or around culvert entrances.

Hydrologically connected ditches should be constructed and maintained to minimize the amount of surface erosion.

Unless otherwise directed by the COR, ditches shall be cleaned so that depth of ditch is 1 foot below the shoulder of the road and the slope of the ground from the road shoulder to the bottom of the ditch is 2H:1V.

303.04 Shoulder Reconditioning. Remove slide material, vegetation, and other debris from existing shoulders including shoulders in parking areas, turnouts, and other widened areas. Repair soft and unstable areas according to Subsection 204.07. Reshape shoulders to the widths and slopes shown in the plans. Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.05 Roadbed Reconditioning. Remove organic, deleterious, and material larger than 6 inches (150…