A06_Specs_03_XAPPENDIX-D_ORCA_Fire_Protection_Basis_of_Design.pdf

Oregon Caves Chateau

Oregon Caves National Monument (ORCA) Oregon

Fire Protection Basis of Design

September 2019

General.

The Oregon Caves Chateau (Chateau) is a remote located overnight lodging facility and a historically significant building. The nearest fire station (Cave Junction) is approximately 27 miles from the site and access to the building is via a winding and constantly rising roadway. This access is further diminished by winter travel conditions that introduce slippery snow and ice covered road surfaces.

Under ideal conditions the fire department response is estimated at 45 minutes. Since the fire department response will be lengthy it is crucial that the building’s fire detection, notification and suppression systems identify a developing fire during its incipient, provide notification to occupants, park staff and the fire department, and commence suppression.

Several years ago (1949) the building was fitted with automatic fire sprinklers. The basis of design appears to have been ordinary group 1 with piping selected under pipe schedule rules. The system is a single zone dry pipe arrangement. Water supply is from a reservoir that is located up on the adjacent mountainside. The elevation head for the reservoir is adequate to serve the sprinkler system flow and pressure demands without a supplemental fire pump. This is a significant benefit since a pump would require standby power or would have to be diesel engine driven. The present system is a very simple arrangement with a high level of reliability.

Analysis of the water system as per the December 2004 site inspection and analysis concludes:

a) Static water pressure (non-flowing conditions) at the main sprinkler alarm valve will be 112 PSI when the tank is full and 106 PSI when the tank is at its lowest level. This is based on the nominal tank depth of 12 feet and the elevation of 246 feet. When the site visit was conducted the gauge on the sprinkler system riser indicated a static pressure of 110 PSI indicating a mid-level quantity of water in the tank.

b) The theoretical maximum flow from the tank into the system pipe is calculated at 2,616 GPM based on the equation Q=29.83(Cd)(D)²√P where the Cd is 0.6.

c) The Coefficient of Roughness (C-Factor) as defined by NFPA #24 for new unlined cast iron pipe is

100. The NFPA guide for moderately corrosive water has a C-factor for a 50 year old pipe at 50.

However the water at the Chateau is relatively neutral and is estimated to be 80-90.

d) Using a C-Factor of 90 the friction loss, calculated with the Hazen-Williams equation

(Pf=4.52(Q)1.85 /C1.85(D)4.87) the friction loss per foot in 8-inch pipe is .079 PSI/foot or 37.9 psi for the 480 foot distance at the maximum water flow rate. The friction loss per foot in 6-inch pipe is

0.33 PSI/foot or 6.6 psi for the 20 foot length at the maximum flow rate. The total friction loss at the base of the riser at the maximum flow is 44.5 PSI. This results in an available pressure of

67.5 PSI and 61.5 PSI respectively at the highest and lowest tank levels.

e) Using a C-Factor of 80 the friction loss the friction loss per foot in 8-inch pipe is .099 PSI/foot or

47.5 psi for the 480 foot distance at the maximum water flow rate. The friction loss per foot in 6-inch pipe is 0.41 PSI/foot or 8.2 psi for the 20 foot length at the maximum flow rate. The total friction loss at the base of the riser at the maximum flow is 55.7 PSI. This results in an available pressure of 56.3 PSI and 50.3 PSI respectively at the highest and lowest tank levels.

f) The reservoir capacity is approximately 75,000 gallons, which is estimated to provide approximately 58 minutes of supply at peak sprinkler flow.

Table 5.1 Sprinkler Demand Summary (Existing System)

Area Designation

Area 1, Third Floor Guest Rooms, Center Section

Area 2, Second Basement Area 3, First Basement Kitchen/Coffee Shop

NFPA Hazard Designation LH-1 OH-1 lH-1 System Type Dry-pipe Dry-pipe Dry-pipe

Operating Area 1950 ft² 1950 ft² 1950 ft² Density 0.10 GPM/ft² 0.15 GPM/ft² 0.15 GPM/ft²

Number of operating sprinklers

15 14 14

Sprinkler total flow 216 GPM 383 GPM 383 GPM Hose Allowance 250 GPM 250 GPM 250 GPM

Total Flow 466 GPM 653 GPM 633 GPM Required Pressure 102 PSI 49.9 PSI 62.7 PSI

The roof has a series of open nozzle sprinklers that are spaced to wet the roof structure in the event of a wildfire. A dedicated pipe from the main water supply supplies these and activation is accomplished with a single manual valve that is located on the third floor. The duration of an open roof wetting is estimated at 45-50 minutes. The exterior system does not provide wetting action on the building exterior, which is most important on the approximate west side of the building that faces the top of the canyon. A wildfire that is traveling up the canyon would be a threat to the building.

The building has a negligible fire alarm system that encompasses some manual pull stations and internal alarm bells. Manual stations are not adequately placed for proper use and there are numerous areas where the bells cannot be heard. Smoke detectors are single station battery powered units within guestrooms and staff sleeping areas. These do not alert to a central notification center and therefore operation of one of these detectors could remain unnoticed for an extensive period of time.

A significant fire protection upgrade for the Chateau will involve the replacement of the combustible fiberboard interior wall and ceiling partitions, replacing them with aesthetically similar gypsum materials. This will diminish the sprinkler demand by reducing the expected area of sprinkler operation. Since this work will effectively involve opening all walls and ceilings to their framing, it provides the ideal time to upgrade fire sprinkler and alarm systems, and to do so in a more aesthetically sympathetic manner.

Fire protection objectives for the Chateau consist of life safety and resource protection. The primary objective of these systems is safeguarding occupants by early detection and clear notification of a fire incident, and fire automatic control to confine flames to the compartment of origin. The secondary objective is to prevent extensive loss of the historic building. The objectives will be achieved by installing complete new fire alarm and sprinkler systems. To address the concerns associated with a wild fire, the roof and west exterior walls will be provided with a low-pressure water mist system.

The design standards for the project include National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) #13-16, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 72 - 2016 National Fire Alarm Code As a historically significant structure the following standards are also applicable: NFPA 914 – Code for the Protection of Historic Structures, Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties (Preservation Standards), NPS Director’s Order 58. NFPA 750 Water Mist Fire

Protection Systems is used as the design guide for the exterior water mist nozzles (Project add alternate)

Fire Detection and Notification System

The work covered under this project will consist of the installation of a new integrated fire detection and emergency notification system for the Oregon Caves Chateau. The system shall be a new UL Listed modular fire alarm and notification network that uses independently addressed fire detection devices, input/output control modules, amplifiers and speakers. The system is to be installed in accordance NFPA 72 - 2016 National Fire Alarm Code The Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) shall be responsible for the monitoring and control of all alarm initiating and notification devices within the building. The system shall have a public address capability for the notification speakers under its control. The FACP is to be located in the main office room 111 that is located adjacent to the level 1 entrance lobby. This area is the most commonly occupied space and is quickly accessed by emergency responders. A second fire alarm annunciator will be located in the staff lounge area on the -2 level. This area is occupied by on duty staff during night hours.

System notification will be voice alarm with pre-recorded messages for fire. The system will have public address capability for fire officer over ride or for other emergency broadcasts. The main control panel for voice notification will be the level one office.

Event processing and display will be prioritized as follows:

a. Fire alarms

b. Supervisory events

c. Trouble events

d. Monitor events

Upon activation of any sprinkler water flow, manual pull station, heat (thermal) sensor, public and non-guest room smoke sensor or kitchen range suppression system the following shall occur:

a. The internal supervisory event audible device shall sound at the respective control panel.

b. The general alarm in the building shall activate.

c. The panel LCD display shall indicate all applicable information associated with the alarm condition including; zone, device type, device location and time/date.

d. All system activity/events shall be documented on the system printer and logged to system history.

e. Any remote or local annunciator LCD/LED's associated with the zone shall be illuminated.

f. The alarm signal shall also be transmitted to all NPS designated locations.

Activation of single room smoke sensor/detector shall indicate an alarm condition in the respective room and send a notification to the FACP. Upon supervisory activation of any room smoke detector the following functions shall automatically occur:

a. The audible sounder base within the respective smoke indicating guest room shall alarm (Non-

ADA rooms). Within ADA guest rooms the separate wall room strobe visual device shall also activate.

b. The panel LCD display shall indicate all applicable information associated with the supervisory condition including; zone, device type, device location and time/date.

c. All system activity/events shall be documented on the system printer and logged to system history.

d. Any remote or local annunciator LCD/LED's associated with the supervisory zone shall be illuminated.

e. In the event of a simultaneous sprinkler water flow, manual pull station, thermal detector, or special hazard system release within the building, the alarm function shall activate and over ride supervisory operation.

Upon activation of a trouble condition or signal from any device or internal system integrity monitoring function on the system, the following functions shall automatically occur:

a. The internal panel audible device shall sound at the control panel.

b. Display the event on the graphical workstation.

c. The LCD keypad display shall indicate all applicable information associated with the trouble condition including; zone, device type, device location and time/date.

d. Any remote or local annunciator LCD/LED's associated with the trouble zone shall be illuminated.

e. All alarms shall be transmitted to all NPS designated locations.

Audio notification devices shall be adjusted to a nominal 15 dBA above ambient noise levels. Audio device locations shown on the drawing are for general placement. Final placement shall be field adjusted, appropriate to provide necessary visual and audible notification within the geometric confines of the equipment. Strobes shall be synchronized on each floor.

The system shall be provided with fire suppression releasing control equipment for:

a. Exterior Water Mist Fire Suppression system

b. Exterior Roof Water Mist Fire Suppression system

Oregon Caves Chateau Fire Alarm Operation Matrix

Device Guest Room Alarm (Non

ADA) (1)

Guest Room Alarm

(ADA)(2)

Building General Alarm

Office Alarm

- Main Panel and Staff Room Annunciator

FACP

Trouble

FACP

Supervisory

Central Station Notification

Guest Room (Non ADA) Smoke

Guest Room (ADA) Smoke

Guest Room Multiple Smoke

Public Space Smoke

Manual Pull Station

CO Sensor

Fire Alarm Fault (3)

Sprinkler Flow

Sprinkler Fault (4)

Kitchen Hood Suppression

Matrix Notes

1. Alarm within a non-ADA guest room will consist of activation of the sounder base for the respective smoke sensor.

2. Alarm within an ADA guest room will consist of activation of the sounder base for the respective smoke sensor and the ADA alarm strobe.

3. Fire alarm fault is any condition that may impact fire alarm operation including but not limited to broken connection, severed cable or other situation noted in NFPA 72.

4. Sprinkler fault is any situation that may prevent proper operation of the sprinkler system including but not limited to closed valve or low system pressure as defined in NFPA 13.

Fire Suppression System

The work consists of the construction of automatic fire sprinkler protection for the entire building.

The work will consist of wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler protection for the majority of the building.

Dry-pipe sprinkler protection will be provided for those spaces where freezing temperatures may be expected including exterior loading docks and back support spaces.

It is intended that the work include exterior water mist sprinkler protection for the canyon side exterior and the roof. These will be manually activated via the electronic fire alarm system releasing network. Each system will be independently controlled from a manual releasing station located in the level one office (111) adjacent to the main control panel. A second releasing station shall be located in the -3 level mechanical room adjacent to the system valves. Each zone will be manually turned off at the valve manifold and reactivated by the valve is desired. Contractor bid submittals will include a separate price for these exterior systems.

It is intended to provide a staff or site use water mist hose array that is connected to the wet pipe sprinkler zone. This will consist of hose cabinets, valves, lightweight fire fighting hose and mist fire fighting nozzles. Contractor bid submittals will include a separate price for the manual hose system.

Flow and tamper switches will be connected to the building fire alarm system.

The Chateau is a remote located structure and fire department response may require up to one hour.

The construction period will represent an abnormally high risk to the structure and therefore it is imperative that fire protection be maintained for as much of the building as possible. Therefore careful coordination will be needed to maintain as much of the existing fire sprinkler system until the new system is installed, tested and commissioned.

Pipe will be primarily schedule 40 per ASTM A53 for all sizes. Schedule 10 shall not be permitted for any sections of the system. CPVC Plastic sprinkler pipe shall be used for areas where sprinkler piping will be located in the ceiling on the -1, 1 and 2 levels. Copper tube and fittings will be used for the exterior mist nozzles.

Specified sprinkler heads will have quick response, ordinary temperature classifications. Finishes will be color matched for the respective area as per the architect’s approval.

A new fire department connection will be placed on the north access road. Connections shall include check valves, automatic drips, caps and threads compatible with current local fire department practice. Final locations shall be COR and National Park Service Regional Fire Structural Fire Manager approved.

The system design will follow NFPA 13 practice for light hazard, non-storage occupancies for all public and guest room areas. Storage spaces will be in accordance with ordinary group 1 classifications. Hydraulic analysis has determined that the system can be provided with the existing water supply and without a supplemental fire pump.

The reservoir water duration at peak sprinkler flow is estimated at approximately 190 minutes.

Hydraulic Calculation Information - Remote Area #1 – Main Attic (Attic Style Sprinkler Heads) Occupancy Calculation Light Hazard Density 0.10 gpm/ft2 for 1,500 ft2 Total Hose Streams 300 gpm Total Heads Flowing 7 K Factor 4.2 Total Water Required 392.7gpm Total Pressure Required 53.6 psi Safety Margin - PSI +90.9 (62%)

Hydraulic Calculation Information - Remote Area #2 – Side Attics (Attic Style Sprinkler Heads) Occupancy Calculation Light Hazard Density 0.10 gpm/ft2 for 1,500 ft2 Total Hose Streams 100 gpm Total Heads Flowing 6 K Factor 5.6 Total Water Required 201.6 gpm Total Pressure Required 64.9 psi Safety Margin - PSI +78.3 (54.7%)

The attic sprinkler heads are higher flow units and the water demand to serve these units is greater than required for the 1,500 ft2 light hazard demand area on level 3 and he OH-1 demand areas on levels -2 and -3.

A kitchen hood is located in the main kitchen on level -1. The system appears to be in proper working order and has been regularly inspected and maintained. The unit will be reused and connected to the new fire alarm system.

The exterior water mist system was selected to prevent burning embers from attaching to the building sheathing. This will be a manually activated arrangement with two separate zones – the roof and the west exterior wall.

The system will be a low-pressure mist system that is activated by releasing control equipment for:

a. Exterior Water Mist Fire Suppression system

b. Exterior Roof Water Mist Fire Suppression system

c. These shall be configured for manual release only and each zone shall be independently controlled. Each mist zone shall have two manual releasing stations – One on the first level within the manager’s office area as shown on the drawings and the second adjacent to the fire suppression manifold in the Third Basement. Releasing stations shall be distinctive from standard manual fire alarm pull stations and shall be clearly labeled as “Exterior Fire Suppression Release” and Roof Fire Suppression Release”. These two releasing stations shall be provided with operable protective security covers to minimize the potential for inadvertent operation.

d. Releasing control equipment shall be placed within dedicated cabinets located in close proximity to the mist releasing valves located in the Third Basement. The Contractor shall coordinate with the Fire Suppression Contractor for connections to the fire suppression valve equipment for the installation and proper function of each mist releasing valve. The Contractor shall be responsible for all electrical connections and devices associated with the water mist releasing function.

e. Operation of the exterior or roof mist systems shall provide alarm transmission through the FAC to the NPS designated monitoring stations. They shall not activate the internal building notification system.

f. The nozzles will be manufactured by Telesto for the specific placement.

g. Water mist sprinkler locations shall be placed in consultation with the COR and Fire Protection

Engineer.

Hydraulic Calculation Information - Remote Area #3 – Roof Mist Nozzles Occupancy Calculation N/A Density N/A Total Hose Streams 100 gpm Total Heads Flowing All K Factor .63 Total Water Required 129.5 gpm Total Pressure Required 117 psi Safety Margin - PSI +27.3 (18.9%)

Hydraulic Calculation Information - Remote Area #4 – Wall Mist Nozzles Occupancy Calculation N/A Density N/A Total Hose Streams 100 gpm Total Heads Flowing 30 K Factor .94 Total Water Required 440.45 gpm Total Pressure Required 96.7psi Safety Margin - PSI +48.2 (33.2%)

The calculated flow duration for the exterior mist zones is approximately 170 minutes for the wall system and approximately 130 minutes for simultaneous operation of the roof and wall systems. The fire command officer will have the discretion to open and close the system(s) as appropriate to optimize the water duration.

A water mist fire hose system has also been included in the design and will be bid as an alternate.

These have been provided as a first aid fire fighting option due to the long fire department response time. The NPS Interagency Fire Center is intending to determine a process for training staff to use these devices, however in the anticipation of a protocol, they have been added.

These will be located in connected hose reel cabinets on each level and connected to the wet pipe sprinkler zone. The nozzles will be Telesto Hose Reel Nozzle. The specified hose is Mercedes Textiles “Fire Break II” 25 mm (1 inch) diameter. Each cabinet shall have 30 meters (100 feet) of hose.