J-0200000-12 Final Governing Standards (FGS) Greece.pdf

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

GREECE

MAY 2014

CNREURAFSWA Environmental

PSC 817 Box 108

FPO AE 09622-0108

+39 081 568-2886

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GREECE Revalidations and Updates

May 2014 Greece FGS i

Revision 0

Revalidations and Updates

IAW DODI 4715.05, Enclosure 3

Action Date Posted By

Full Revision May 2014 CNREURAFSWA

GREECE Table of Contents

May 2014 Greece FGS ii

Chapters Page 1 Overview 1-1 2 Air Emissions 2-1 3 Drinking Water 3-1 4 Wastewater 4-1 5 Hazardous Material 5-1 6 Hazardous Waste 6-1 7 Solid Waste 7-1 8 Medical Waste 8-1 9 Petroleum, Oil, & Lubricants 9-1 10 [Reserved] 10-1 11 Pesticides 11-1 12 Historic & Cultural Resources 12-1 13 Natural Resources & Endangered Species 13-1 14 Polychlorinated Biphenyls 14-1 15 Asbestos 15-1 16 [Reserved] 16-1 17 Lead-Based Paint 17-1 18 Spill Prevention & Response Planning 18-1 19 Underground Storage Tanks 19-1

Appendices Appendix A List of Hazardous Substances & Materials Appendix B.1 Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Appendix B.2 Waste Disposal Activities Appendix B.3 Waste Recovery Activities Appendix C Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume

Addendums Addendum 1 EU List of Hazardous Materials Addendum 2 European List of Wastes

GREECE- 1 Overview

May 2014 Greece FGS 1-1

C1. CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. PURPOSE

The primary purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide environmental compliance criteria at United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) installations in Greece.

This document implements DoD Instruction 4715.05, “Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside of the United States,” dated 1 November 2013, and is based upon DoD 4715.05-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document” (OEBGD), dated 1 May 2007.

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. These FGS provide environmental compliance criteria applicable to actions for DoD Components at installations located in Greece.

C1.2.2. These FGS represent minimum criteria; DoD Components may impose additional criteria provided those policies and directives do not directly conflict with these FGS.

C1.2.3. Activities and installations shall notify the DoD Lead Environmental Component (LEC) of any directly conflicting DoD Component policies or directives they discover prior to imposing criteria more protective than provided in these FGS.

C1.2.4. Other than required authorizations for certain activities, DoD Components shall not enter into agreements with European Union (EU) or Greek authorities at any level that establishes a criterion for compliance with an environmental criterion different than provided in these FGS without the prior written approval of the DoD LEC.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS

C1.3.1. These FGS do not apply to:

C1.3.1.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices, and other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.3.1.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

C1.3.1.3. Operations of U.S. military vessels or the operations of U.S. military aircraft, or off installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas, and when

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U.S. forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the United States. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives (DoDDs) and DoD Instructions (DoDIs), and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders.

However, these FGS apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and U.S. military aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material.

C1.3.1.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (E.O.) 12344 “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” and conducted pursuant to 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 7158.

C1.3.1.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the Department of Defense's past activities, conducted in accordance with DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.8, “Environmental Remediation Overseas.”

C1.3.1.6. Environmental analyses conducted under E.O. 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions.”

C1.4. DEFINITIONS

For purposes of these FGS, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Criteria and Management Practices. Particular substantive provisions of the OEBGD that are used by the DoD LEC to develop these FGS.

C1.4.2. Existing Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.3. Final Governing Standards. A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or a specific management practice.

C1.4.4. Host Nation. Throughout this document the term “host nation” refers to Greece.

C1.4.5. Local National. A DoD employee hired under Greek employment conditions, including local subcontractors’ employees.

C1.4.6. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project with a construction start date on or after 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.7. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

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C1.5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.5.1. The DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with these FGS at least once every 3 years at all major installations.

C1.5.2. DoDI 4715.4, “Pollution Prevention,” implements policy, assigns responsibility, and prescribes procedures for implementation of pollution prevention programs throughout the DoD. As a matter of DoD policy, DoDI 4715.4 shall be consulted for particular requirements that apply to activities outside the United States. Pollution prevention shall be considered in developing the criteria and management practices for these FGS. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with these FGS.

C1.5.3. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement these FGS would normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a U.S. or host nation regulatory authority for the applicable test method. In the absence of a certified laboratory, analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has an established reliable record of quality assurance compliance with standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

C1.5.4. Unless otherwise specified, all record keeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in DoD 8910.1-M, “DoD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements.”

C1.5.5. These FGS do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, the DoD, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although these FGS refer to DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives/instructions as required to implement the policies found in DoDI 4715.05. These FGS do not change other DoD or service directives/instructions, or alter DoD or service policies.

C1.5.6. References to websites that are not controlled by the DoD are intended for informational purposes, solely to facilitate compliance with the existing FGS in this document.

Any other requirement, standard or criteria listed in the website shall not be incorporated by references as a Final Governing Standard. Reference to the website does not establish any obligation to comply with other requirements, standards, or criteria listed in the website.

Referenced websites that are not under the control of the DoD may be changed at any time without notice to the DoD.

C1.6. WAIVERS

C1.6.1. If compliance with an FGS criteria at a particular installations or facilities would seriously impair operations, adversely affect relations with Greek authorities, or require substantial expenditure of funds at an installation that has been identified for closure or at an installation that has been identified for a realignment that would remove the requirement, a DoD Component may ask the DoD LEC to waive the particular criteria. See DoD Instruction 4715.05, May 2014 Greece FGS 1-4 Revision 0

Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside of the United States, and EUCOM Compliance Instruction (ECI) 4804.01, Environmental Security, for complete waiver procedures.

C1.7. AUTHORIZATIONS AND REPORTING

C1.7.1. The Greek Representative is the formal representative of the installation and serves as the liaison with host nation authorities. Any formal interaction or interaction of common (U.S. and Greek) interest with Greek authorities shall be conducted with the cognizance of the Greek Representative.

C1.7.2. The DoD Components shall not directly obtain authorizations (including, but not limited to licenses and permits) from Greek authorities. If an authorization is required, DoD Components will assist the Greek Representative by providing reports, records or otherwise helping him/her with their liaison duties.

C1.7.3. If the Greek Representative obtains an authorization on behalf of the DoD Component and the authorization requires a more protective criteria than prescribed in the FGS, the criteria in the authorization shall be the compliance criteria. However, if an authorization allows a less protective criteria, then the FGS will be the compliance criteria unless a waiver is obtained.

C1.7.4. If the installation at issue does not fall under the responsibility of a Greek Representative, the DoD installation may request clarification from the DoD LEC via the chain of command.

C1.7.5. Contractors performing work for DoD must comply with all Greek laws and regulations including obtaining all necessary licenses, permits, and/or authorizations.

Notwithstanding the use of contracts, DoD Components and agencies are required to comply with these FGS unless exempted under Section C1.3, Exemptions.

C1.7.6. Certificates obtained from appropriate Greek authorities (e.g., tank tightness testing) do not fall within the definition of an authorization for which the Greek Representative has responsibility. Request for such services shall be forwarded directly to the appropriate organizations without involving the Greek Representative.

C1.7.7. Access to Installations & Information by Greek Authorities. Inspections and non-routine requests for information by Greek authorities shall be coordinated with the Greek Representative and reported to the DoD LEC via the Component chain-of-command. To the maximum extent possible, U.S. military personnel shall lead the review of DoD Component activities by Greek authorities during the inspection.

C1.8. LEGAL PROTECTIONS FOR U.S. FORCES EMPLOYEES

C1.8.1. Legal protections afforded DoD personnel investigated or charged by a host nation with alleged offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performance of official duty vary depending upon the status of the individual under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) and other applicable international agreements. In general, there is a greater ability for the U.S. to assert a primary right to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a military

May 2014 Greece FGS 1-5 Revision 0 service member of the force as opposed to a member of the civilian component. There is no such right with respect to local national employees. Accordingly, military service members shall assume responsibility under these FGS in lieu of DoD civilians or local national employees where non-compliance may result in a host nation enforcement action.

C1.8.2. Installations, activities, and personnel shall immediately contact their servicing legal office when faced with possible or actual host nation enforcement actions in order to maximize protections afforded to DoD personnel under the NATO SOFA, bilateral agreements, U.S. and DoD regulations, and to secure legal representation for the subjects of the enforcement action (including local national employees). Installations will report possible or actual Greek enforcement actions to the DoD LEC via their chain-of-command.

C1.8.3. If the host nation authorities seek to question a DoD employee regarding his or her official duties, a representative from installation legal shall accompany the employee. The installation legal representative shall clarify with the host nation authorities whether the employee is questioned as a suspect or a witness, and the employee advised accordingly. It may not be readily apparent whether the host nation legal proceeding is criminal or administrative in nature. This point shall be clarified as soon as possible since different procedures may apply depending on the answer. Installations will report interview by Greek authorities to the DoD LEC via their chain-of-command.

C1.9. DOD LEAD ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

C1.9.1. The DoD LEC for these FGS is the Commander, Navy Region Europe Africa Southwest Asia. Any questions or comments pertaining to these FGS shall be sent to:

Commander, Navy Region Europe Africa Southwest Asia PSC 817 Box 108

FPO AE 09622

DSN Voice (314) 626-2886

DSN FAX (314) 626-2878

Commercial +39 081-568-2886

GREECE - 2 Air Emissions

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-1

C2. CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of solid waste are contained in Chapter 7, “Solid Waste”. Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Coal Refuse. Waste products of coal mining, cleanings and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm and gob) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.2. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soils and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.3. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Αny combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do ΝΟΤ include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.4. Diesel Fuel. Gas oil falling within Common Nomenclature (CN) code 2710 1941 used for self-propelling vehicles.

C2.2.5. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.6. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

C2.2.7. Gas Oil. Petroleum-derived liquid fuel falling under Common Nomenclature (CN) code 2710 00 67 or 2710 00 68, or any petroleum-derived liquid fuel which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls within the category of middle distillates intended for use as fuel and of which ≥ 85 % by volume (including losses) distils at 350°C (662°F) by the ASTM method.

Diesel fuels (i.e. gas oil falling within CN 27101941 and used for self-propelling vehicles) are excluded from this definition). Fuels used in non-road mobile machinery and agricultural tractors are excluded from this definition.

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C2.2.8. Halogenated Organic Solvent. An organic solvent, molecules of which contain halogenic atoms; bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F) or iodine (I).

C2.2.9. Heavy Fuel Oil. Any petroleum-derived liquid fuel falling within CN code 2710 00 71 to 2710 00 78, or any petroleum-derived liquid fuel other than gas oil as defined above, which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls within the category of heavy oils intended for use as fuel and of which < 65 % by volume (including losses) distils at 250 °C by the ASTM D86 method. If the distillation cannot be determined by the ASTM D86 method, the petroleum product is likewise categorized as a heavy fuel oil.

C2.2.10. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). Α compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.11. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.12. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to, passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.13. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do ΝΟΤ include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.14. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel.

Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge;

wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which inc1ude railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.15. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Those substances listed in Table 2.10.

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C2.2.16. Ρerfluorocarbon (PFC). Α compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine often used as a rep1acement for ODS.

C2.2.17. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.18. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

C2.2.19. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1., C2.3.2., C2.3.3., C2.3.4. or C2.3.5. designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.20. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.21. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.22. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.23. Vehicle Fluff. Vehicle scraps and parts from a scrap vehicle after it has been stripped for recycling.

C2.2.24. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC). Any organic compound having a vapor pressure ≥ 0.01 kPa at a temperature of 293.15 K, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use. The fraction of creosote which exceeds this value of vapor pressure at 293.15 K shall also be considered a VOC.

C2.2.25. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. Air Emissions Standards. The following criteria apply to non-industrial units with a maximum design heat input capacity ≥ 10 million Btu/hr (2,930 kW).

C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in

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Table 2.1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table 2.1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.1.3. Each unit shall be inspected qualified personnel in accordance with a recognized U.S. certification body and/or the Greek equivalent. Units that use diesel fuel shall be inspected annually; units that use heavy fuel shall be inspected biannually. The engineer/technician shall issue a certificate for each unit that includes the following information:

C2.3.1.1.3.1. Type of fuel used;

C2.3.1.1.3.2. Fuel capacity of the unit;

C2.3.1.1.3.3. Type and capacity of the burner and boiler;

C2.3.1.1.3.4. Soot index (in Bacharach scale);

C2.3.1.1.3.5. CO2 content of the flue gas; and

C2.3.1.1.3.6. Confirmation that the stack has been cleaned.

C2.3.1.1.4. Industrial units (i.e., units used to generate power for production cycles) shall comply with the following air emission limits:

Parameter Limit Soot content / Opacity 1º Ringelmann scale (with a tolerance of 2º for 4 minutes every half hour and 3º for the first quarter hour after start-up)

Fluorine, HF, and Fluorinated inorganics 80 mg/Nm3

Pb, Cd, and As 10 mg/Nm3 PM 100 mg/Nm3

C2.3.1.1.4.1. Compliance with these limits shall be determined by the average of at least 3 measurements taken during a 24 hour period.

C2.3.1.1.4.2. Additionally, units powered by heavy fuel, diesel, or gaseous fuels shall comply with following limits:

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Parameter Type of fuel Heavy fuel Diesel & Gas

Soot content / Opacity 3º Bacharach scale 1º Bacharach scale Soot blowing If blowing causes excess soot emissions, the blowing must not exceed 10 minutes and shall only take place between 1200 and 1800 h

CO2 in flue gases ≥ 10% when operating at 50-100% of nominal capacity

Oxygen in flue gases ≤ 7.5% when operating at > 50% of nominal capacity

C2.3.1.1.4.3. Large industrial steam/hot water generating units with a rated input ≥ 50MW (except those powered by diesel, gasoline and natural gas engines) shall comply with the emission limits for SO2, NOx, and PM included in Tables 2.2. through 2.4. The limits do not apply for periods of start-up, shut down or malfunction. Emissions are considered to be in compliance when daily average values are within the established limits.

C2.3.1.1.4.4. Units in industrial facilities which are exclusively used for heating buildings shall comply with the emission limits included in Table 2.5. Facilities with thermal power > 200,000 Kcal/hr shall be equipped with two-level burners or burners of a more advanced technology.

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units shall be equipped with instruments for measuring stack exit temperature, opacity, and the concentration by volume of either oxygen or carbon dioxide. Fossil-fuel fired units with a maximum heat input capacity ≥ 100 million Btu/hr shall also be equipped with a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the flue gas.

C2.3.1.2.1. Industrial thermal units (i.e., units used to generate power for production cycles) with a rated input ≥ 100 MW shall be equipped with a CEMS to measure SO2, NOX, PM, oxygen, temperature, pressure and water vapor content. The accuracy of the CEMS shall be verified annually.

C2.3.1.2.1.1. Continuous measurements are not required in the following cases:

C2.3.1.2.1.1.1 SO2 and particulate matter emitted from natural gas burning boilers;

C2.3.1.2.1.1.2 SO2 emitted from oil fueled boilers with known sulfur content, if there is no desulfurization equipment; or

C2.3.1.2.1.1.3 SO2 from biomass fueled boilers when documented that the SO2 emissions do not exceed prescribed limit values.

C2.3.1.2.1.1.4 In the above cases, the provisions of C2.3.1.2.2. shall apply.

C2.3.1.2.2. For industrial thermal units with a rated input >50 MW and <100 MW, SO2, NOX, and PM shall be measured at least every 6 months.

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C2.3.2. Incinerators. Installations that operate an incinerator for waste treatment (municipal waste, sludge, hazardous waste, or medical waste) shall provide sufficient information to the Greek Representative for authorization (see Chapter 1 for the process). The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste,” for additional information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.1. Operating Conditions. Incinerators shall be operated in such a manner that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the slag and bottom ashes is < 3% or their loss in ignition is < 5% of the dry weight of material. Moreover, incinerators shall be designed, equipped, built, and operated in such a manner that the gas resulting from the process, is raised after the last injection of combustion air, in a controlled manner and even under the most unfavorable conditions, to a temperature of 850°C (1562°F), as measured near the inner wall or at another representative point of the combustion chamber for 2 seconds. Each line of the incineration plant must be equipped with at least one auxiliary burner, which is automatically activated when the temperature drops below 850°C (1562°F).

C2.3.2.2. Emission Limits. Incinerators shall comply with the emission limits contained within Table 2.7. The emission limit values shall be regarded as complied with if:

C2.3.2.2.1. None of the daily average values exceeds any of the emission limits set out in Table 2.7 (a) and 97% of the daily average value over the year does not exceed the limit of Table 2.7 (e) 1.

C2.3.2.2.2. Either none of the half-hourly average values exceeds any of the emission limits set out in Table 2.7 (b), column A, or, where relevant, 97% of the half-hourly average values over the year do not exceed any of the emission limits set out in Table 2.7 (b), column B.

C2.3.2.2.3. None of the average values over the sample period set out for heavy metals and dioxins and furans exceeds the emission limit values set out in Table 2.7 (c) and (d)

C2.3.2.2.4. Requirements of Table 2.7 (e). 2. are complied with.

C2.3.2.3. Monitoring Requirements: Incinerators must comply with the following monitoring requirements:

C2.3.2.3.1. Continuous measurements of total dust, TOC, CO, NOx, HCl, HF, SO2 shall be taken. The continuous measurement of HF may be omitted if treatment stages for HCl are used which ensure that the emission limit values for HCl has not been exceeded. In this case, the emissions of HF shall be measured periodically in accordance with C2.3.2.3.2.

C2.3.2.3.2. At least two measurements per year of heavy metals, dioxins and furans shall be taken. During the first 12 months of operation, heavy metals, dioxins and furans shall be measured at least every 3 months.

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C2.3.2.3.3. Continuous measurements of the following process operation parameters shall be taken:

C2.3.2.3.3.1. Temperature near the inner wall or at another representative point, as set out by competent authorities;

C2.3.2.3.3.2. Concentration of oxygen;

C2.3.2.3.3.3. Pressure; and

C2.3.2.3.3.4. Water vapor content of the exhaust gas. The continuous measurement of the water vapor content is not required if the sampled exhaust gas is dried before emissions are analyzed.

C2.3.2.3.4. The residence time, as well as the minimum temperature (850 °C or 1562°F) and the oxygen content must be verified at least once when the incinerator is first brought into service and again under the most unfavorable operating conditions envisioned.

C2.3.2.3.5. Calibration of the automated monitoring equipment for air emissions shall be conducted at least every three years.

C2.3.2.4. Abnormal Operating Conditions. In case of a breakdown, the operator of the incinerator shall reduce or shut down operations, as soon as practicable, until normal operations can be restored. Under no circumstances may operations continue for > 4 hours uninterrupted where emission limits are exceeded. Moreover, the cumulative duration over a year of operation in such conditions shall be <60 hours. The 60-hour duration applies to the lines of the incinerator which are linked to one single flue gas cleaning device. Under no circumstances shall the total dust content of the incinerator’s air emissions exceed 150 mg/m3, (expressed as a half-hourly average). Moreover, the air emission limit values for CO and TOC shall not be exceeded.

C2.3.2.5. Only qualified personnel shall be allowed to operate an incinerator.

C2.3.2.6. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). Αll CΙSWI shall comply with the applicable emission standards in Tables 2.6 and 2.8., and operating limits in Table 2.9. CISWIs shall also be operated in accordance with the criteria set forth in C2.3.2.2 through C2.3.2.5.

C2.3.2.7. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All non-hazardous sewage sludge incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn > 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or > 10% sewage sludge, must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of startup, shut down, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.8. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). All MWI shall comply with the applicable emission standards in Table 2.6, and operating limits in Table 2.8. The following standards apply to all units. These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-8 deployable). Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste,” for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.8.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following standards as well as the criteria in C2.3.2.2 through C2.3.2.5.:

C2.3.2.8.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber;

C2.3.2.8.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 1400-1600°F (760- 871°C);

C2.3.2.8.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 1800-2200°F (982- 1,204°C);

C2.3.2.8.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds; and

C2.3.2.8.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

Installations operating dry cleaning machines that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to the use of organic solvents shall provide sufficient information to the Greek Representative for authorization (see Chapter 1 for the process).

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use > 2,000 gallons per year of PCE (installation wide) in their dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at ≤ 45F. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at ≤ 45F. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.3. Dry cleaning facilities shall not exceed the total VOC emission limit value of

20 g/kg for cleaned and dry products.

C2.3.3.3.1. In the case of continuous measurements, the emission limit values shall be considered to be complied with if:

C2.3.3.3.1.1. None of the averages over 24 hours of normal operation exceeds the emission limit values, and

C2.3.3.3.1.2. None of the hourly averages exceeds the emission limit values by a factor of >1.5.

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-9

C2.3.3.3.2. In the case of periodic measurements, the emission limit values shall be considered to be complied with if, in one monitoring exercise:

C2.3.3.3.2.1. The average of all the readings does not exceed the emission limit values, and

C2.3.3.3.2.2. None of the hourly averages exceeds the emission limit value by a factor of >1.5.

C2.3.3.4. Continuous emission monitoring is required for dry cleaning facilities equipped with abatement technology and emitting an average of >10 kg/h of total organic carbon

(TOC).

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating & Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions:

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x Κ x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft2); Κ = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ΟΝLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains > 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6), chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a freeboard ratio of ≥ 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvents to the atmosphere.

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-10

When the mass flow of the sum of the halogenated organic solvents (as specified in C2.3.5) is ≥ 100 g/h (0.22 lb/h), the emission shall not exceed 20 mg/Nm3.

C2.3.6. Units Containing ODS Listed In Table 2.10. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS listed in Table 2.10:

C2.3.6.1. Except as allowed in C2.3.6.2 and C2.3.6.3, use of the following ODSs, as listed in Table 2.10, is prohibited. Running an existing system without maintenance (e.g., using a refrigerator) would not be classified as use.

C2.3.6.2. Halons may only be used for critical uses as specified in Table 2.11.

C2.3.6.3. The use of ODSs may be allowed:

C2.3.6.3.1. In essential laboratory and analytical uses.

C2.3.6.3.2. As halon substitutes in existing fire protection systems specified in Table

2.11 under the following conditions:

C2.3.6.3.2.1. Original halons shall be replaced with the same type of halon.

C2.3.6.3.2.2. Original halons contained in such fire protection systems shall be replaced completely;

C2.3.6.4. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment operated by trained personnel. Refrigerant technicians shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or Greek equivalent.

C2.3.6.4.1. Recovery Requirements for ODSs. ODSs identified in Table 2.10 shall be recovered as follows using equipment operated by trained personnel:

C2.3.6.4.1.1. Repaired equipment containing ≥ 3 kg (6.6 lbs) of refrigerating fluid charge shall be checked annually for leaks.

C2.3.6.4.1.2. Where methyl bromide is used in soil fumigation, the use of virtually impermeable films for a sufficient time, or other techniques ensuring the same level of environmental protection must be used. All practicable precautionary measures must be taken to prevent and minimize leakage of methyl bromide from fumigation installations and operations.

C2.3.6.4.1.3. Halons and other ODSs recovered shall be returned to the DLA Defense Reserve (located in Germersheim, Germany; Zevenaar, Netherlands; and Richmond, Virginia) for reprocessing in accordance with the established DoD ODS turn-in procedures (dated September 2012).

C2.3.6.4.2. Use of HCFCs as Refrigerants. Reclaimed or recycled HCFCs may be used until 31 December 2014 for the maintenance and servicing of existing refrigeration, air

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-11 conditioning, and heat pump equipment provided they have been recovered from such equipment. These uses are prohibited after 31 December 2014.

C2.3.6.5. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or II ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerant (identified in Table 2.10.) shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.6. Refrigerant Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.6.6.1. ODS Leakage Prevention. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to prevent leakage of ODSs included in Table 2.10.:

C2.3.6.6.1.1. All precautionary measures practicable shall be taken to prevent and minimize any leakage and emissions of ODSs. In particular, fixed equipment with a refrigerating fluid charge > 3 kg (6 lbs.) shall be checked annually for leakages.

C2.3.6.6.1.2. All precautionary measures practicable shall be taken to prevent and minimize leakage of methyl bromide from fumigation installations and operations in which methyl bromide are used.

C2.3.6.6.1.3. Fire protection systems that contain halons or other controlled substances shall be checked annually for leakage.

C2.3.6.6.1.4. Units containing fluorinated refrigerants with fluid charge ≥ 300 kg shall be equipped with a leak detection system.

C2.3.6.6.1.5. When operating refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment, or fire protection systems that contain ODSs, the stationary equipment or systems shall be checked for leakage at the following frequency:

Fluid charge of controlled substance Frequency ≥ 3 kg and < 30 kg 12 months

≥ 30 kg and < 300 kg 6 months ≥ 300 kg 3 months

C2.3.6.6.1.6. Any detected leakage from the above specified equipment or from any other equipment containing ODSs shall be repaired within 14 days. The equipment or system shall be checked for leakage within 1 month after a leak has been repaired to ensure its effectiveness.

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-12

C2.3.6.6.2. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Commercial refrigeration equipment must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.6.3. Industrial Process Refrigeration Equipment. Industrial process refrigeration equipment must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.6.4. Comfort Cooling Appliances. Comfort cooling appliances not covered by subparagraphs C2.3.6.6.2. or C2.3.6.6.3. of this chapter must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 15% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.7. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. Halon uses authorized in C2.3.6.2 are exempt from the venting prohibition in the following situations:

C2.3.6.7.1. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.7.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.7.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality; failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and, a simulant agent (i.e., substitute product that can perform the same function) cannot be used.

C2.3.7. Motor Vehicles. This criterion applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.12.

C2.3.7.1. Inspect all vehicles annually to ensure that no one has tampered with the factory-installed emission monitoring equipment. The emission limits measured during the inspection shall be recorded on an Emission Monitoring Card. The following emission limits, which apply only to gasoline or natural gas-fueled vehicles, shall be met during the inspection:

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-13

Vehicle Type RPM CO Limit

Hydrocarbo n Limit (ppm)

Vehicles with lambda-probe controlled three-way catalytic converter

2,500* 0.5 120

800 0.3 100

Vehicles with non-adjustable three-way converter

2,500* 1.2 220 800 1 200

Vehicles without a catalytic converter licensed before 1 October 1986

2,500* 4.5 800 800 4.0 700

Vehicles without a catalytic converter licensed after 1 October 1986

2,500* 3.5 500 800 3.0 400

* RPM is 2,500 300 RPM

C2.3.7.2. Use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

C2.3.8. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.8.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated for either of the following two criteria:

C2.3.8.1.1. Hg = Η + 1.5L, where Η is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). Α structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5L of the structure envelope but ≤ 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.8.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features ≥ 40% in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, "nearby" means ≤ 0.8 km (0.5 mile), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ηt) of the feature, not to exceed 2 miles if such feature achieves a height (Ηt) 0.8 km from the stack that is ≥ 40% of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulate provided in C2.3.8.1.1. of this part or 26 meters (85 ft), whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

C2.3.9. Vapor Recovery Systems at Gas Stations. Gasoline pumps at gas stations and fueling depots shall be equipped with fuel vapor recovery systems. New and existing pumps shall be upgraded with fuel vapor recovery systems.

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-14

Table 2.1. Emission Standards for Non-Industrial Steam Generating Unitsa

Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity 10 – 100 million BTU/hr Size >100 million BTU/hr Fuel Type PM Opacityb SO2 c PM Opacityb SO2 c NOX d Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20 Gaseous – Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50 Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50e 0.10 20% 0.80 0.30 Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70 Other Solid Fuel f 0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A Notes:

N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards apply to units constructed or substantially modified after 1 October 1994. Standards do not apply during periods of start up, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a six-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one six-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel content.

SO2 emissions (lb/million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing ≥ 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight percent) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

f. Other solid fuels include wood or waste derived fuels.

May 2014 Greece FGS 2-15

Table 2.2. SO2 Emission Standards for Industrial Units (mg/Nm3)

Type of Fuel Rated Thermal Capacity

50-100

MW

100-300 MW >300 MW

Solid fuel (1)

- Biomass 200 200 200

- General 850 200 200

Liquid fuel 850 400-200 (linear decrease) 200

Gas fuel

- Combustible gaseous materials in general 35 35 35

- Liquefied gas 5 5 5

- Gas with low calorific value originating from coke ovens

400 400 400

- Gas with low calorific value originating from furnaces

200 200 200

Note:

If the above emission limit values cannot be met due to fuel characteristics, installations shall achieve:

300 mg/Nm3 for SO2; or a rate of desulfurization of ≥ 92 % for units with a rated thermal input of ≤ 300 MWth; and a rate of desulfurization of ≥ 95 % for units with a rated thermal input > 300 MWth together with a maximum permissible emission limit value of 400 mg/Nm3for SO2 .

Table 2.3. NOx (measured as NO2) Emission Standards for Industrial Units (mg/Nm3)

Type of Fuel Rated Thermal Capacity

5…