02310_Grading.doc

SECTION 02310

GRADING

1. Part 1 - GENERAL

1.01 summary

A. Includes stripping and stockpiling topsoil, rock removal, excavation, haul, embankment placement, compaction and finish grading for all items requiring site grading not covered specifically by other specifications.

1.02 related sections

A. 02230 - Clearing and Grubbing.

B. 02317 - Excavation and Backfill for Structures.

1.03 SITE PROTECTION

A. During grading operations and before stopping work for the day, blade unfinished areas to provide a well drained surface so water cannot collect in pools and puddles. Protect newly graded areas from traffic and erosion.

2. Part 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 EMBANKMENTS

A. Use excavated material except topsoil removed in stripping. Material used must be clean and free from vegetation, pieces of timber, muck, and other foreign material.

1. Rocks over 6 inches in largest dimension shall not be placed in the top 2 feet of fill. Rocks over 4 inches in largest dimension shall not be placed in the top 6 inches of fill in place.

B. IMPORTED BACKFILL

1. Stable, coarse-grained imported soils having 25% or less passing the No. 200 sieve and 100% passing the 2-inch sieve. Using the group symbols of the Unified Soil Classification System, the following shall be considered suitable for granular backfill: GW, GP, SW, SP or GM, GC, SM, in accordance with ASTM D-2321, Class II or III respectively. This material shall come from commercial or private source.

3. Part 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 UTILIZATION & DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. All material suitable for topsoil in the top 6 inches of excavated areas shall be stripped and stockpiled for later utilization on areas to receive topsoil. All suitable material shall be conserved and used in the construction of road embankments, parking area grading, site grading, and backfill for structures. Excavated rock suitable for specified project work may be conserved and used in place of materials from designated sources. All excavation is unclassified.

B. Before placing embankment, all duff and litter shall, unless otherwise shown on the drawings, be removed from within embankment limits and disposed of with unsuitable excavation.

C. Excess and unsuitable excavation shall be temporarily placed at the location designated by the COR and subsequently removed from the site to an approved location off of government property.

3.02 EXCAVATION & EMBANKMENT

A. Excavation and embankment shall be accomplished to meet the lines and grades shown on the drawings and/or designated on the ground

B. Embankments shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 8 inches (loose measure) and compacted. Material shall be at a moisture content suitable for attaining the required compaction. Embankments and the top 1-foot of excavation sections shall be compacted to at least 90 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO T99 Method C or D. The density of the embankment material will be determined during the progress of the work in accordance with AASHTO T191, T205, or T 238, T217, T239, or T 255; and T 224. Density requirements will not apply to portions of rock embankments that cannot be tested in accordance with approved methods. When this condition exists, compaction shall be provided by working smaller rocks and fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids and by operating equipment over the embankment materials.

3.03 FINISH GRADING

A. General.

1. Grade around buildings to the contours and elevations shown on the Drawings and smoothly blend into existing contours. Grade to uniform levels or slopes between points where grades or contours are given, round surfaces at abrupt changes in levels. Slope ground away from building walls and walks to facilitate drainage.

2. Hand rake areas within the grading limit lines. Remove all roots, brush, weeds and stones larger than 2 inches from the finish graded surface.

3. Control grading within 10 feet of buildings and all other structures to prevent water from running into excavated areas. Remove all water, which accumulates in excavated areas

B. Finish surface shall be reasonably smooth, compacted, free of depressions, sloped to drain, of the specified width and with uniform grade. Finish grading shall be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to construction of finish layers such as topsoil, aggregate, and asphalt.

3.04 TOPSOILING

A. Spread topsoil to a uniform depth on designated areas. Spreading shall not be done when the topsoil is frozen, or when the ground or topsoil is excessively wet, or otherwise in a condition detrimental to the work.

4. PART 4 - MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.01 MEASUREMENT

The work specified herein will not be measured for payment.

4.02 PAYMENT

This work is incidental to other items in this contract and direct separate item payments will not be made.

END OF SECTION

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