Top 100 Contractors in NAICS 54172: Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, FY2022

Full ranking

Rank	Contractor	Net obligations	Share	Trend
1	Lockheed Martin Corporation 2 awardees Top agencies MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency)	$227,232,767	15.9%	Rank history: #1 in FY2021, #2 in FY2023, #2 in FY2024 and #1 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2021.
2	Mathematica Inc 3 awardees Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) ED (Department of Education) SSA (Social Security Administration)	$127,702,289	8.9%	Rank history: #3 in FY2021, #3 in FY2023, #1 in FY2024 and #2 in FY2025; up 1 since FY2021.
3	The Rand Corporation Top agencies DHS (Department of Homeland Security) USAF (Department of the Air Force) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$124,221,830	8.7%	Rank history: #2 in FY2021, #1 in FY2023, #3 in FY2024 and #8 in FY2025; down 1 since FY2021.
4	Westat, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$97,005,445	6.8%	Rank history: #6 in FY2021, #5 in FY2023, #5 in FY2024 and #7 in FY2025; up 2 since FY2021.
5	Research Triangle Institute Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) ED (Department of Education)	$82,436,742	5.8%	Rank history: #4 in FY2021, #6 in FY2023, #4 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 1 since FY2021.
6	Massachusetts Institute of Technology Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$82,182,000	5.8%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #50 in FY2023, #61 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; new.
7	American Institutes for Research In the Behavioral Sciences 2 awardees, including Impaq International, LLC Top agencies ED (Department of Education) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$69,556,386	4.9%	Rank history: #5 in FY2021, #7 in FY2023, #7 in FY2024 and #10 in FY2025; down 2 since FY2021.
8	National Opinion Research Center Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) DOL (Department of Labor) DHRA (Defense Human Resources Activity)	$59,137,382	4.1%	Rank history: #7 in FY2021, #4 in FY2023, #6 in FY2024 and #6 in FY2025; down 1 since FY2021.
9	UnitedHealth Group Incorporated Through The Lewin Group, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$45,876,483	3.2%	Rank history: #8 in FY2021, #10 in FY2023, #8 in FY2024 and #16 in FY2025; down 1 since FY2021.
10	Educational Testing Service Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$41,740,768	2.9%	Rank history: #10 in FY2021, #8 in FY2023, #9 in FY2024 and #3 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2021.
11	ABT Global LLC 2 awardees Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) ED (Department of Education) SSA (Social Security Administration)	$29,873,363	2.1%	Rank history: #22 in FY2021, #14 in FY2023, #13 in FY2024 and #20 in FY2025; up 11 since FY2021.
12	Deloitte Consulting LLP 2 awardees Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$27,021,201	1.9%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #13 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new.
13	Fors Marsh Group LLC Top agencies DHRA (Defense Human Resources Activity) Army (Department of the Army) DOT (Department of Transportation)	$26,749,038	1.9%	Rank history: #11 in FY2021, #9 in FY2023, #11 in FY2024 and #9 in FY2025; down 2 since FY2021.
14	The Mitre Corporation Top agencies Commerce (Department of Commerce) DOE (Department of Energy) DOT (Department of Transportation)	$22,454,172	1.6%	Rank history: #12 in FY2021, #12 in FY2023, #12 in FY2024 and #4 in FY2025; down 2 since FY2021.
15	Wayne State University Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$15,435,000	1.1%	Rank history: #13 in FY2021, #36 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 2 since FY2021.
16	Fundacion Inciensa Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$13,833,908	1.0%	Rank history: #17 in FY2021, #15 in FY2023, #28 in FY2024 and #12 in FY2025; up 1 since FY2021.
17	NCS Pearson Inc. 2 awardees Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$10,865,062	0.8%	Rank history: #26 in FY2021, #26 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 9 since FY2021.
18	Dunlap and Associates, Inc. Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$9,695,105	0.7%	Rank history: #66 in FY2021, #52 in FY2023, #26 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 48 since FY2021.
19	JJR Solutions LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$9,310,855	0.7%	Rank history: #16 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 3 since FY2021.
20	Reli Group Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$8,757,906	0.6%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #16 in FY2023, #17 in FY2024 and #15 in FY2025; new.
21	Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation Through Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$8,535,035	0.6%	Rank history: #15 in FY2021, #23 in FY2023, #33 in FY2024 and #32 in FY2025; down 6 since FY2021.
22	New South Associates, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency)	$8,454,701	0.6%	Rank history: #20 in FY2021, #24 in FY2023, #19 in FY2024 and #13 in FY2025; down 2 since FY2021.
23	Tetra Tech, Inc. Through Tetra TECH ES, Inc. Top agencies USAID (US Agency for International Development)	$7,729,558	0.5%	Rank history: #31 in FY2021, #22 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 8 since FY2021.
24	Southwest Research Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$6,580,109	0.5%	Rank history: #36 in FY2021, not on the FY2023–FY2024 lists and #57 in FY2025; up 12 since FY2021.
25	General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$6,289,250	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
26	The Regents of the University of Colorado 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) Army (Department of the Army)	$6,118,417	0.4%	Rank history: #28 in FY2021, #25 in FY2023, #35 in FY2024 and #28 in FY2025; up 2 since FY2021.
27	HP Enterprise Services LLC Through Peraton Inc. Top agencies DHRA (Defense Human Resources Activity)	$5,552,258	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #31 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new.
28	Sri International Top agencies ED (Department of Education) NSF (National Science Foundation)	$5,139,990	0.4%	Rank history: #81 in FY2021, #29 in FY2023, #30 in FY2024 and #37 in FY2025; up 53 since FY2021.
29	Soar 365 Top agencies DLA (Defense Logistics Agency)	$4,769,143	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #34 in FY2023, #29 in FY2024 and #21 in FY2025; new.
30	Wested Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$4,323,409	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #27 in FY2023, #31 in FY2024 and #36 in FY2025; new.
31	Regents of the University of Michigan Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) Army (Department of the Army)	$4,198,313	0.3%	Rank history: #23 in FY2021, #30 in FY2023, #34 in FY2024 and #23 in FY2025; down 8 since FY2021.
32	Econometrica, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$4,050,432	0.3%	Rank history: #21 in FY2021, #32 in FY2023, #22 in FY2024 and #27 in FY2025; down 11 since FY2021.
33	National Academy of Sciences Top agencies SSA (Social Security Administration) DOT (Department of Transportation) HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development)	$3,990,805	0.3%	Rank history: #30 in FY2021, #17 in FY2023, #21 in FY2024 and #25 in FY2025; down 3 since FY2021.
34	The Ohio State University Top agencies DOL (Department of Labor) Army (Department of the Army)	$3,951,835	0.3%	Rank history: #14 in FY2021, not on the FY2023–FY2024 lists and #44 in FY2025; down 20 since FY2021.
35	Actuarial Research Corporation Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$3,709,901	0.3%	Rank history: #34 in FY2021, #35 in FY2023, #27 in FY2024 and #50 in FY2025; down 1 since FY2021.
36	Paleowest LLC Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy) USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$3,411,497	0.2%	Rank history: #44 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 8 since FY2021.
37	Deloitte LLP Through Deloitte Consulting LLP Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$3,391,921	0.2%	Rank history: #9 in FY2021, #11 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 28 since FY2021.
38	Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$3,282,458	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
39	Hacks / Hackers Top agencies NSF (National Science Foundation)	$2,999,995	0.2%	Rank history: #84 in FY2021, #48 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 45 since FY2021.
40	Optimal Solutions Group, L.l.c Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$2,888,800	0.2%	Rank history: #40 in FY2021, not on the FY2023 list, #66 in FY2024 and #52 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2021.
41	Insight Policy Research, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$2,821,919	0.2%	Rank history: #38 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 3 since FY2021.
42	Toxcel LLC 2 awardees Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$2,645,901	0.2%	Rank history: #37 in FY2021, #43 in FY2023, #40 in FY2024 and #24 in FY2025; down 5 since FY2021.
43	Sanametrix Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$2,521,443	0.2%	Rank history: #24 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 19 since FY2021.
44	Dobson Davanzo & Associates, LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$2,505,878	0.2%	Rank history: #39 in FY2021, #54 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 5 since FY2021.
45	Insignia Health, LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$2,471,634	0.2%	Rank history: #41 in FY2021, #42 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 4 since FY2021.
46	Berytech Foundation Top agencies USAID (US Agency for International Development)	$2,450,000	0.2%	Rank history: #33 in FY2021, #38 in FY2023, #23 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 13 since FY2021.
47	Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$2,389,458	0.2%	Rank history: #32 in FY2021, #39 in FY2023, #25 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 15 since FY2021.
48	General Dynamics Corporation Through General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$2,277,484	0.2%	Rank history: #51 in FY2021, #18 in FY2023, #20 in FY2024 and #19 in FY2025; up 3 since FY2021.
49	ICF International, Inc. 2 awardees, including ICF Incorporated, L.L.C. and ICF Macro Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) NSF (National Science Foundation) DOL (Department of Labor)	$2,184,106	0.2%	Rank history: #53 in FY2021, #58 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 4 since FY2021.
50	The Trustees of Columbia University In the City of New York 2 awardees Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$2,167,680	0.2%	Rank history: #64 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 14 since FY2021.
51	Brockington and Associates Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$2,157,679	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
52	Education Development Center, Inc. Top agencies USAID (US Agency for International Development)	$2,156,430	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #21 in FY2023, #24 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; new.
53	Stratevarious Inc. Top agencies OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense) WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service)	$1,840,550	0.1%	Rank history: #96 in FY2021, #46 in FY2023, #47 in FY2024 and #47 in FY2025; up 43 since FY2021.
54	R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$1,709,615	0.1%	Rank history: #45 in FY2021, not on the FY2023 list, #98 in FY2024 and #94 in FY2025; down 9 since FY2021.
55	Louisiana State University Through Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,697,691	0.1%	Rank history: #48 in FY2021, #53 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 7 since FY2021.
56	Cornerstone Environmental Consulting LLC Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$1,694,664	0.1%	Rank history: #91 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 35 since FY2021.
57	Human Resources Research Organization (Humrro) Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) ED (Department of Education)	$1,615,945	0.1%	Rank history: #42 in FY2021, #44 in FY2023, not on the FY2024 list and #56 in FY2025; down 15 since FY2021.
58	BW Research Partnership Inc. Top agencies DOE (Department of Energy)	$1,498,489	0.1%	Rank history: #57 in FY2021, #55 in FY2023, #87 in FY2024 and #30 in FY2025; down 1 since FY2021.
59	Acumen LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,463,925	0.1%	Rank history: #19 in FY2021, #20 in FY2023, #16 in FY2024 and #11 in FY2025; down 40 since FY2021.
60	Future Engineers LLC Top agencies ED (Department of Education) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,372,162	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 85 since FY2021.
61	Telemus Group LLC Top agencies WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service) OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense)	$1,309,359	0.1%	Rank history: #46 in FY2021, #49 in FY2023, #49 in FY2024 and #29 in FY2025; down 15 since FY2021.
62	Mdrc Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,280,052	0.1%	Rank history: #35 in FY2021, not on the FY2023 list, #32 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; down 27 since FY2021.
63	Gramercy Research Group, L.l.c Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,275,874	0.1%	Rank history: #50 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 13 since FY2021.
64	Dynamis, Inc. Top agencies WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service)	$1,266,779	0.1%	Rank history: #55 in FY2021, #63 in FY2023, #56 in FY2024 and #71 in FY2025; down 9 since FY2021.
65	Envirosystems Management Inc. Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$1,173,170	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 178 since FY2021.
66	Cook Inlet Region Inc. Through North Wind Resource Consulting LLC Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture) DOI (Department of the Interior)	$1,167,266	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 37 since FY2021.
67	Gartner, Inc. Through Personnel Decisions Research Institutes, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$1,117,076	0.1%	Rank history: #75 in FY2021, #69 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 8 since FY2021.
68	J Michael Consulting LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,099,958	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
69	Advanced LAN Techs Inc. Top agencies OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense) WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service)	$1,097,541	0.1%	Rank history: #88 in FY2021, #64 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 19 since FY2021.
70	Baron Public Affairs LLC Top agencies WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service) OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense)	$1,094,271	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #47 in FY2023, #43 in FY2024 and #35 in FY2025; up 56 since FY2021.
71	Integrated Environmental Solutions LLC Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture) Army (Department of the Army)	$1,077,484	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
72	Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,068,632	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #82 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; new.
73	Transanalytics LLC Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$1,051,711	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 147 since FY2021.
74	Statistical Research Inc. Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$1,041,778	0.1%	Rank history: #58 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 16 since FY2021.
75	Nationwide Children'S Hospital Through Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,023,830	0.1%	Rank history: #54 in FY2021, #57 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; down 21 since FY2021.
76	Forward Solutions LLC Top agencies DHRA (Defense Human Resources Activity)	$1,017,920	0.1%	Rank history: #95 in FY2021, #85 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 19 since FY2021.
77	Labstat International Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$1,010,475	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
78	Charmtech Labs LLC Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #71 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024–FY2025 lists; up 89 since FY2021.
79	Sown To Grow, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 91 since FY2021.
80	Xsel Labs Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 92 since FY2021.
81	Alchemie Solutions, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 92 since FY2021.
82	Insights Intervention, LLC Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
83	Myriad Sensors, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: #59 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 24 since FY2021.
84	Soterix Medical, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 92 since FY2021.
85	Edify Technologies, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, not on the FY2023–FY2024 lists and #66 in FY2025; up 93 since FY2021.
86	Literably, Inc. Top agencies ED (Department of Education)	$1,000,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 94 since FY2021.
87	The Gallup Organization Through Gallup, Inc. Top agencies USAGM (US Agency for Global Media)	$995,180	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 30 since FY2021.
88	Mvm, Inc. Top agencies DOJ (Department of Justice)	$862,991	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 35 since FY2021.
89	Koninklijke Philips N.V. Through Philips North America LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$831,396	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 24 since FY2021.
90	Atlantic Council of the United States, Inc. (The) Top agencies DTRA (Defense Threat Reduction Agency)	$824,301	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #51 in FY2023, #64 in FY2024 and #74 in FY2025; new.
91	Environmental Solutions & Innovations, Inc. Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture) Army (Department of the Army)	$736,320	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, not on the FY2023 list, #82 in FY2024 and not on the FY2025 list; up 17 since FY2021.
92	Guardian Defense Group, Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$729,411	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #95 in FY2023, not on the FY2024 list and #72 in FY2025; up 13 since FY2021.
93	Michigan Technological University Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$711,519	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 29 since FY2021.
94	Chestnut Health Systems Inc. Top agencies DOI (Department of the Interior)	$625,341	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #56 in FY2023, #46 in FY2024 and #54 in FY2025; up 111 since FY2021.
95	By Light Professional It Services LLC Through Cole Engineering Services, Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$617,280	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 17 since FY2021.
96	National Institute of Statistical Sciences Top agencies ED (Department of Education) DOL (Department of Labor)	$610,465	<0.1%	Rank history: #86 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 10 since FY2021.
97	University of Massachusetts Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) DOT (Department of Transportation)	$600,717	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; new.
98	Drasgow Consulting Group, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$599,540	<0.1%	Rank history: #78 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 20 since FY2021.
99	American Resources Group Ltd Top agencies USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$598,301	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; up 119 since FY2021.
100	Kudu Dynamics LLC Top agencies DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)	$591,502	<0.1%	Rank history: #43 in FY2021 and not on the FY2023–FY2025 lists; down 57 since FY2021.

Rankings for the codes under NAICS 54172

How this ranking works

• Source: every contract action FPDS records (as published on SAM.gov) in the period, as GovTribe received it.
• Amounts are net obligations: what was obligated, less what was deobligated. Shares are of $1.43 billion obligated before deobligations, so they never pass 100%.
• Parent companies: each action counts under the ultimate parent its award record names, or under the awardee when it names none, so no dollar counts twice. Parents of the same name (Inc., LLC and the like aside) count as one company, since FPDS records a company's parent under more than one UEI over time. GovTribe corrects a few parents and names by hand; see the corrections.
• Fiscal year 2022 ran Oct 1, 2021 – Sep 30, 2022. The Department of Defense reports its contract actions to FPDS about 90 days late, so a fiscal year is ranked once they're in, in February, and the list doesn't change after.
• Rank changes compare with FY2021. "New" marks a company outside that period's top 500, and "Returned" one of those that was on an earlier fiscal year's list.
• Rank lines show each company's rank on every fiscal year's list since FY2021, #1 at the top, on a scale that gives the top of the list more room. A dashed stretch spans years it wasn't on the list. The step from FY2021 takes the color of the rank change beside it.
• Placeholder recipients FPDS uses when it names no company ("Miscellaneous Foreign Contractors" and the like) aren't ranked.

Quick answers