ufc_3_535_01_2017_c4.pdf

UFC 3-535-01

11 April 2017

Change 4, 25 April 2023

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \4\ ... /4/)

Change No. Date Location 1 7 March 2018 Paragraphs 1-6.4, 1-6.7, 12-1.4.17, and 12-1.8.3 modified; Chapters 13 and 14 deleted.

2 6 April 2021 Paragraphs 1-6.7, 1-11.1.1, 2-5.1.1, 2-5.1.2, 2-5.2, Figure 3-2, Appendix C, AFIC references throughout 3 21 May 2021 Paragraphs 1-7, 1-8.1.2, 1-8.2.2, Table 2-1A 4 25 April 2023 Chapter 14 inserted to relocate Landing Zone configuration from UFC 3-260-0 to UFC 3-535-01, for the purpose of having all lighting configurations in one UFC. Update for allowance of LEDs is included.

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-535-01, dated 11 April 2017, including Change 3.

This UFC will be formatted IAW the UFC Template upon next full revision.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements), for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

GEORGE O. LEA, P.E. JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief, Military Engineering Branch Chief Engineer U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command

EDWIN H. OSHIBA, SES, DAF MICHAEL McANDREW Deputy Director of Civil Engineers DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Facilities Investment and Management) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Energy, Installations, and Environment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

CHANGE SUMMARY SHEET

Subject: UFC 3-535-01, Visual Air Navigation Systems

Supersedes: UFC 3-535-01, 11 April 2017, including Change 3.

Description of Changes: This change brings requirements for new airfields into compliance with new FAA criteria for AC 150-5345-53 for LED criteria, adds a reference to AC 90-106, Enhanced Flight Vision System Operations , updates taxiway lighting to include allowance of LED type fixtures with various emitters or filters (Engineering Brief 67D), adds a chapter on Expeditionary Airfield Lighting (EALS), changed paragraph 1-17 title to Supplemental Criteria with added content provides guidance for navigational aids with integral LED obstruction lights at elevations under 35 feet in height, and provides guidance on replacement of approach light systems with LEDs, coordinated with AFFSA.

Sign temperature requirements have been included IAW AC150-5345-44.

Reasons for Changes:

• Incorporate new FAA guidance and changes

• \4\ Incorporate changes in technology based on availability of parts from industry.

• Clarify Army- and Air Force-only requirements that Introduce Landing Zone light configuration.

• Introduce compensation configuration to be used for Aircraft with Head Up Displays, which do not detect LED lights.

• Introduce guidance on solar components of ALS. /4/

• Provide information on testing and inspection of systems prior to service and information on the characteristics of an airfield lighting system

• \1\ Chapters 13 and 14 were removed and converted to TSEWG TP-20, Air Visual Air Navigation Facilities: Qualifying Equipment,” and TSEWG TP-21, Visual Air Navigation Facilities: Air Facility Equipment Inspection and Testing, respectively (see Appendix A, “References”). /1/

• \2\ Update prohibited and allowed placements of LED fixtures based on industry progress. Clarify relationships between Air Force MAJCOMs and AFIMSC Detachments relative to Air Force waiver requests. Add guidance for solar powered airfield lighting fixtures. Revise terms to meet changes in FAA terminology. Update power requirements to modern technology requirements.

file://4

Revise Table 3-6, Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups, to include C-130, C-17, and C-5. Update reference documents to account for renaming, rescissions, merges and cancellations. Add appendix of technological considerations and applications for design. /2/

• \3\ Clarify guidance regarding fixture outage thresholds. /3/

Impact: Cost impact is negligible. However, the following benefit should be realized:

• Designers may have a better understanding of the design requirements.

Unification Issues

• Paragraph 1-2 states the document scope and indicates that “Navy requirements are currently contained in Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2.

When using the NAVAIR document, be certain that the complementary markings are installed and that no conflict occurs with the placement of light fixtures. The Navy should clarify what “…no conflict occurs” means, as it is unclear whether it references joint bases or only naval facilities.

• Paragraphs 1-5 and 1-6: This UFC applies to the Army and Air Force. Navy uses Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2, except for excerpts contained within this document which apply specifically to Navy and are not covered in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

• Paragraph 1-7: The Army and the Air Force generally follow FAA standards that are primarily published as ACs, Engineering Briefs, handbooks, and specifications. However, when FAA documents are in conflict with the Air Force or Army requirements contained herein, this UFC takes precedence. When FAA documents are in conflict with Navy guidance included in this UFC or in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2, UFC or NAVAIR 51-50AAA02 guidance takes precedence.

• Paragraph 1-8.2.1: NATO STANAGs apply at Army and Air Force facilities in NATO theater countries except the United States and Canada, or wherever NATO funding is provided for the work, regardless of location. Navy application of NATO Standardization Agreements is guided by NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

• Paragraph 1-10: The Army and Air Force have established tables within this document, which provide visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements and associated electronic aids. See Table 2-1A for Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements. Note 18 was added to advise that outage thresholds for each system are established by FAA and must be followed for revised airfield operations during system outages; See Table 2-1B, for US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements; or Table 2-3, Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements. For the Navy, NAVAIR 51-50AAA- 2 identifies visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements.

• Waivers: Paragraph 1-11 provides the Air Force process for obtaining waivers to requirements of visual air navigation aids. Paragraph 1-12 provides the Army process for obtaining waivers to requirements of visual air navigation aids. Navy waiver process is covered in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2. These waiver processes are geared to the individual missions of these three services.

• Table 2-1A provides visual facilities requirements for Air Force airfields. Table 2-1B provides visual facilities requirements for Army airfields. Navy visual facilities requirements are provided in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2. These visual facilities requirements are geared to the individual missions of these three services with the exception that Joint bases may have additional requirements.

This issue has been resolved by Army-Air Force coordination on Table 2-1A.

Navy-Air Force coordination has not been made on Table 2-1A.

• Table 3-6, Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups, is modified and contains Army and Air Force coordinated information. Navy aircraft are not included.

• Figure 4-4A and Figure 4-4B provide threshold light configurations for Air Force and Army, respectively. They differ, based on mission.

• Figures 4-5A through Figure 4-5D provide threshold light circuiting for Air Force and Army, respectively. Interleaving is not recommended for Air Force airfields.

(Twice the conductor lengths are necessary with one regulator for each circuit and specific outage thresholds for each system are established by FAA and must be followed for revised airfield operations during system outages. Interleaving may conflict with FAA revised airfield operations.)

• Para 12-3, “Siting PAPI”: For aircraft in height group 4 (Table 3-6) for Army airfields only, the PAPI is sited at the RPI plus an additional 300 feet (90 meters), +50 feet –0 feet (+15 meters –0 meters), from threshold.

• Para 12-3.1.2.2, Threshold Crossing Height (TCH): See Table 3-6. For the Air Force, the TCH is based on the most predominant aircraft using the runway (the MAJCOM will make this determination). For the Army, the TCH is based on the most demanding aircraft height group expected to use the runway (the aviation community will coordinate with US Army Aeronautical Service Agency (USAASA) for this determination).

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 PURPOSE

1-2 SCOPE

1-3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

1-4 BACKGROUND

1-5 APPLICATION

1-6 NAVY REQUIREMENTS

1-7 FAA STANDARDS

1-8 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS

1-9 CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER NATIONS

1-10 VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC AIDS

1-11 AIR FORCE WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENTS

1-11.1 Approval AuthIority 1-11.2 Existing Air Force Facilities (Grandfather Clause)

1-12 US ARMY WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENT

1-12.1 Waiver Procedures 1-12.2 Contents of Waiver Requests 1-12.3 Existing US Army Facilities

1-13 METRICATION OF DIMENSIONS

1-14 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS

1-15 EXISTING FACILITIES

1-16 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION

1-17 SUPPLEMENTAL CRITERIA

CHAPTER 2 APPLICATION CRITERIA

2-1 PURPOSE OF CHAPTER

2-2 RELATION TO ELECTRONIC FACILITIES

2-3 APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS

2-4 REQUIREMENTS

2-5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) LIGHT FIXTURES

2-5.1 LED Placements 2-5.2 Signage 2-5.3 LED Performance Requirements

2-6 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

CHAPTER 3 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTED APPROACH AIDS

3-1 APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM WITH SEQUENCED FLASHING

LIGHTS, (ALSF-1)

3-1.1 Purpose 3-1.2 Associated Systems 3-1.3 Configuration 3-1.4 Photometrics 3-1.5 Power Requirements ii

3-1.6 Control Requirements 3-1.7 Monitoring Requirements 3-1.8 Equipment 3-1.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

3-2 ALSF-2

3-2.1 Purpose 3-2.2 Configuration 3-2.3 Photometrics 3-2.4 Aiming Criteria 3-2.5 Power Requirements 3-2.6 Control Requirements 3-2.7 Monitoring Requirements 3-2.8 Equipment 3-2.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

3-3 SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM (SALS)

3-3.1 Purpose 3-3.2 Configuration 3-3.3 Photometrics 3-3.4 Power, Control and Monitoring 3-3.5 Equipment Used 3-3.6 Compliance with International Standards

3-4 SIMPLIFIED SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH

RUNWAY ALIGNMENT INDICATOR LIGHTS (SSALR)

3-4.1 Purpose 3-4.2 Configuration 3-4.3 Other Requirements 3-4.4 Compliance with International Standards

3-5 MEDIUM INTENSITY APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM WITH RUNWAY

ALIGNMENT INDICATOR LIGHTS (MALSR)

3-5.1 Purpose 3-5.2 Associated Systems 3-5.3 Configuration 3-5.4 Photometrics 3-5.5 Aiming Criteria 3-5.6 Approach Light Planes 3-5.7 Tolerance 3-5.8 Power Requirements 3-5.9 Control Requirements 3-5.10 Monitoring Requirements 3-5.11 Equipment 3-5.12 Compliance with International Standards

3-6 RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS (REIL)

3-6.1 Purpose 3-6.2 Associated Systems 3-6.3 Description iii

3-6.4 Configuration/Location/Aiming 3-6.5 Photometric Requirements 3-6.6 Power Requirements 3-6.7 Control Requirements 3-6.8 Monitoring Requirements 3-6.9 Compliance with International Standards

3-7 PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR (PAPI) SYSTEM

3-7.1 Purpose 3-7.2 Configuration 3-7.3 Photometric Requirements 3-7.4 Considerations 3-7.5 Power Requirements 3-7.6 Control Requirements 3-7.7 Foundations 3-7.8 Equipment 3-7.9 Flight Inspections 3-7.10 PAPI Siting 3-7.11 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 4 STANDARDS FOR RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

4-1 MIXING OF LIGHT SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES

4-1.1 Runway Perimeter Lighting 4-1.2 Runway Surface Lighting 4-1.3 Runway Visual Aid Requirements 4-1.4 Runway Circuiting Requirements 4-1.5 Photometric Testing

4-2 HIGH INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS (HIRL) – RUNWAY EDGE

LIGHTS

4-2.1 Purpose 4-2.2 Configuration 4-2.3 Photometric Requirements 4-2.4 Runway/Runway Intersections 4-2.5 Equipment 4-2.6 Power Requirements 4-2.7 Control Requirements 4-2.8 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-3 MEDIUM INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS (MIRL)

4-3.1 Purpose 4-3.2 Configuration 4-3.3 Photometric Requirements 4-3.4 Runway/Runway Intersections 4-3.5 Equipment 4-3.6 Power Requirements 4-3.7 Control Requirements 4-3.8 Compliance with International Military Standards iv

4-3 MEDIUM INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS (MIRL)

4-3.1 Purpose 4-3.2 Configuration 4-3.3 Photometric Requirements 4-3.4 Runway/Runway Intersections 4-3.5 Equipment 4-3.6 Power Requirements 4-3.7 Control Requirements 4-3.8 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-4 THRESHOLD LIGHTS

4-4.1 Purpose 4-4.2 High Intensity Threshold Light Configuration 4-4.3 Medium Intensity Threshold Lights 4-4.4 Photometric Requirements 4-4.5 Equipment 4-4.6 Power Requirements 4-4.7 Control Requirements 4-4.8 Aiming Threshold/ Approach 4-4.9 Monitoring Requirements 4-4.10 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-5 LIGHTING WITH DISPLACED THRESHOLDS

4-5.1 General 4-5.2 Configuration for Permanent Displacement 4-5.3 Configuration for Temporary Displacement 4-5.4 Equipment 4-5.5 Power, Control and Monitoring 4-5.6 Compliance with International Standards 4-5.7 Additional Information

4-6 RUNWAY END LIGHTS

4-6.1 Purpose 4-6.2 Configuration 4-6.3 Photometric Requirements 4-6.4 Equipment 4-6.5 Compliance with International Military Standards 4-6.6 Additional Information

4-7 RUNWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS (RCL)

4-7.1 Purpose 4-7.2 Configuration 4-7.3 Photometric Requirements 4-7.4 Adjustment and Tolerances 4-7.5 Equipment 4-7.6 Power Requirements 4-7.7 Control Requirements 4-7.8 Monitoring Requirements 4-7.9 Compliance with International Military Standards v

4-8 TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTS (TDZL)

4-8.1 Purpose 4-8.2 Configuration 4-8.3 Photometric Requirements 4-8.4 Adjustment and Tolerances 4-8.5 Equipment 4-8.6 Power, Control and Monitoring 4-8.7 Compliance with International Standards 4-8.8 Additional Information

CHAPTER 5 STANDARDS FOR TAXIWAY LIGHTING

5-1 TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING

5-1.1 Purpose 5-1.2 Configuration 5-1.3 Tolerances 5-1.4 Photometric Requirements 5-1.5 Equipment 5-1.6 Power Requirements 5-1.7 Control Requirements 5-1.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-1.9 Compliance with International Standards

5-2 TAXIWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS

5-2.1 Purpose 5-2.2 Configuration 5-2.3 Tolerances 5-2.4 Equipment 5-2.5 Photometric Requirements 5-2.6 Power Requirements 5-2.7 Control Requirements 5-2.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-2.9 Compliance with International Standards

5-3 RUNWAY LEAD-OFF LIGHTS

5-3.1 Purpose 5-3.2 Configuration 5-3.3 Adjustments and Tolerances 5-3.4 Photometric Requirements and Horizontal Aiming 5-3.5 Equipment 5-3.6 Power Requirements 5-3.7 Control Requirements 5-3.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-3.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

5-4 TAXIWAY CLEARANCE BARS

5-4.1 Purpose 5-4.2 Configuration vi

5-4.3 Location of a Clearance Bar Installed at a Low Visibility Hold Point

5-4.4 Location of a Clearance Bar Installed at a Taxiway Intersection 5-4.5 Light Beam Orientation for Clearance Bars 5-4.6 Equipment 5-4.7 Photometric Requirements 5-4.8 Fixtures 5-4.9 Monitoring 5-4.10 Compliance with International Military Standards

5-5 RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS (RGL)

5-5.1 Purpose 5-5.2 Configuration 5-5.3 Location of In-pavement Runway Guard Lights 5-5.4 Location of Elevated RGLs 5-5.5 Equipment 5-5.6 Power, Control and Monitoring 5-5.7 Compliance with International Standards

5-6 RUNWAY STOP BAR

5-6.1 Purpose 5-6.2 Configuration 5-6.3 Location of In-pavement Stop Bar Lights 5-6.4 Location of Elevated Stop Bar Lights 5-6.5 Equipment 5-6.6 Monitoring Requirements for Controlled Stop Bars 5-6.7 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 6 STANDARDS FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING

6-1 PURPOSE

6-2 OBJECTS TO BE LIGHTED

6-3 LIGHTING CONFIGURATION

6-4 LIGHTING VERSUS DAY MARKING

6-5 WAIVERS

6-6 EQUIPMENT

6-6.1 LED-Based Obstruction Lights

6-7 POWER REQUIREMENTS

6-7.1 Intensity Requirements

6-8 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

6-8.1 Obstruction Lights 6-8.2 Dual Lighting

6-9 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

6-10 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

6-10.1 NATO

6-10.2 AFIC

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CHAPTER 7 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPADS

7-1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

7-2 HELIPAD PERIMETER LIGHTS

7-2.1 Purpose 7-2.2 Standard Perimeter Light Configuration 7-2.3 Hospital Pad Perimeter Light Configuration

7-3 HELIPAD VFR LANDING DIRECTION AND APPROACH LIGHTS

7-3.1 Configuration of Landing Direction Lights 7-3.2 Purpose of Approach Direction Lights 7-3.3 Helipad IMC Approach Lights Category I

7-4 REFUELING AREA LIGHTS

7-5 HELIPAD FLOODLIGHTS

7-5.1 Purpose 7-5.2 Configuration 7-5.3 Helipad Refueling Floodlights

7-6 HELIPAD APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR

7-6.1 Purpose 7-6.2 Justification 7-6.3 Configuration

7-7 HELIPAD/HELIPORT BEACON

7-7.1 Purpose 7-7.2 Configuration 7-7.3 Construction 7-7.4 Luminous Features

7-8 HELIPAD WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS

7-8.1 Purpose 7-8.2 Configuration 7-8.3 Construction 7-8.4 Illumination

7-9 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS

7-9.1 Perimeter and Landing Direction Lights 7-9.2 Approach Direction Lights 7-9.3 Helipad Floodlights 7-9.4 Helipad Beacons 7-9.5 CHAPI Systems

7-10 POWER REQUIREMENTS

7-11 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

7-11.1 Perimeter Lights 7-11.2 Landing Direction Lights 7-11.3 Approach Direction Lights 7-11.4 Helipad Floodlights 7-11.5 Helipad Beacons

7-11.6 CHAPI

7-12 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

7-13 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

viii

7-13.1 AFIC

7-13.2 NATO

7-14 EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 8 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPORTS

8-1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

8-1.1 Helicopter Runway 8-1.2 Design Criteria

8-2 HELIPORT LIGHTS

8-2.1 Runway Edge Lights (White) 8-2.2 Taxiway Edge Lights (Blue) 8-2.3 Runway Threshold Lights 8-2.4 Taxiway Lights and Signs 8-2.5 Approach Lights 8-2.6 Heliport/Helipad Identification Beacon

8-3 ROTARY WING LANDING LANES

8-3.1 Rotary Wing Landing Lanes (formerly Stagefields) 8-3.3 Edge Lights 8-3.4 Other Requirements 8-3.5 Threshold/End Lights

8-4 REFUELING AREA LIGHTS

8-5 HOVERLANE LIGHTING SYSTEMS

8-6 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

8-6.1 Elevated Runway and Landing Lane Edge Lights 8-6.2 In-pavement Runway Lights 8-6.3 Threshold Lights 8-6.4 Runway Blue Lights 8-6.5 Refueling Area Lights 8-6.6 Runway and Taxiway Signs 8-6.7 Auxiliary Lighting

8-7 POWER REQUIREMENTS

8-7.1 Circuit Criteria 8-7.2 Cable Connectors, Plug and Receptacles 8-7.3 Cables 8-7.4 Isolation Transformers

8-8 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

8-9 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

8-10 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

8-10.1 AFIC

8-10.2 NATO

8-11 EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 9 STANDARDS FOR AIRFIELD SIGNS AND MARKERS

9-1 GENERAL

9-1.1 Purpose ix

9-1.2 Intent of Standard 9-1.3 Components of a Sign System 9-1.4 Sign Styles 9-1.5 Failure of Lighted Signs

9-2 MANDATORY SIGNS

9-2.1 Purpose 9-2.2 Installation 9-2.3 Characteristics 9-2.4 Power and Control

9-3 TAXIWAY GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SIGNS

9-3.1 Purpose 9-3.2 Installation 9-3.3 Characteristics 9-3.4 Power and Control

9-4 LOCATION SIGNS

9-4.1 Purpose 9-4.2 Installation 9-4.3 Characteristics 9-4.4 Power and Control

9-5 SIGNING CONVENTIONS FOR AIRFIELD SIGNS

9-6 RUNWAY DISTANCE REMAINING (RDR) SIGNS

9-6.1 Purpose 9-6.2 Installation 9-6.3 Characteristics 9-6.4 Power and Control

9-7 ARRESTING GEAR MARKER

9-7.1 Purpose 9-7.2 Installation 9-7.3 Characteristics 9-7.4 Power and Control

9-8 OTHER SIGNS

9-8.1 Purpose 9-8.2 Installation 9-8.3 Characteristics

9-9 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

9-9.1 AFIC

9-9.2 NATO

9-9.3 Additional Information

CHAPTER 10 STANDARDS FOR MISCELLANEOUS VISUAL AIDS

10-1 AIRPORT BEACONS

10-1.1 Purpose 10-1.2 Beacon Types 10-1.3 Location Requirements 10-1.4 Photometric Requirements x

10-1.5 Aiming 10-1.6 Equipment 10-1.7 Power Requirements 10-1.8 Control Requirements 10-1.9 Monitoring Requirements 10-1.10 Compliance with International Military Standards

10-2 WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS (CONES)

10-2.1 Purpose 10-2.2 Siting Requirements 10-2.3 Wind Cone Configuration 10-2.4 Lighting Requirements 10-2.5 Power Requirements 10-2.6 Control Requirements 10-2.7 Monitoring Requirements 10-2.8 Equipment 10-2.9 Compliance with International Standards 10-2.10 Additional Information

10-3 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY RETRO-REFLECTIVE MARKERS

10-3.1 Purpose 10-3.2 Characteristics 10-3.3 Equipment

10-4 FLOOD, SECURITY, OR AUXILIARY LIGHTING

10-4.1 Special Lighting Arrangements 10-4.2 Floodlights 10-4.3 Lighting Intensities 10-4.4 Additional Guidance

CHAPTER 11A PORTABLE EMERGENCY LIGHTING

11A-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

11A-2 RUNWAY LIGHTING

11A-2.1 Runway Edge Lighting 11A-2.2 Runway End and Threshold Lighting

11A-3 TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING

11A-3.1 Straight Sections 11A-3.2 Curved Sections

11A-4 HELIPAD LIGHTING

11A-5 FIXTURES

11A-6 CONTROLS

11A-7 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS

11A-7.1 AFIC

11A-7.2 NATO

CHAPTER 11B EXPEDITIONARY AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM (EALS)

11B-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

11B-1.1 Stand-alone Steady Burning Light xi

11B-1.2 Folding Steady Burning Light 11b-1.3 Sequenced Flashing Lights

CHAPTER 11C SOLAR LIGHTING FOR NAVIGATIONAL AIDS (AIR FORCE ONLY)

CHAPTER 12 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

12-1 REQUIREMENTS

12-1.1 Light Fixture Mounting 12-1.2 Concrete Foundations 12-1.3 Cable and Duct Installation 12-1.4 Manhole/Handhole Design 12-1.5 Safety (Equipment) Grounding System 12-1.6 Counterpoise Lightning Protection System 12-1.7 Frangibility and Accident-Avoidance Construction 12-1.8 Airfield Lighting Vault 12-1.9 Emergency Power 12-1.10 Independent Power Sources 12-1.11 Airfield Lighting Control 12-1.12 Light Colors 12-1.13 Light Intensity 12-1.14 Special Considerations for Series Circuits

12-2 ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

12-2.1 FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs)

12-3 SITING PAPI

12-3.1 Considerations 12-3.2 Other Dimensions and Tolerances for PAPI

12-4 PULLING CABLE INTO DUCT

12-5 ICE DAMAGE PREVENTION

CHAPTER 13 \1\CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFIELD GROUND LIGHTING

13-1 GENERAL

13-2 POWER

13-3 CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEMS

13-4 CONSTANT CURRENT SERIES CIRCUITS

13-4.1 Circuit Failure 13-4.2 Advantages of Series Lighting Circuits 13-4.3 Major Disadvantages of Series Lighting Circuits 13-4.4 Typical Usage

13-5 CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS

13-6 REGULATOR SIZING

13-7 CABLE

13-8 TRANSFORMERS

13-8.1 Isolation Transformers 13-8.2 Transformer Load 13-8.3 Series Circuit Selector Switches xii

13-8.4 Control Cables 13-8.5 Constant Current Regulators (CCR) 13-8.6 Engine Generators 13-8.7 Series Cable Selection 13-8.8 Connectors 13-8.9 Isolation Transformers 13-8.10 Mounting Bases and Transformer Housings 13-8.11 Frangible Supports 13-8.12 Fixtures, Filters, and Lamps

13-9 LAMPS

13-9.1 Medium Intensity Approach Light System With Runway Alignment

Indicator Lights (MALSR)

13-10 PARALLEL CIRCUITS

13-10.1 Advantages of Parallel Lighting Circuits 13-10.2 Disadvantages of Parallel Lighting Circuits 13-10.3 Common Uses

13-11 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE ON SERIES CIRCUITS

13-12 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CIRCUIT DESIGN

13-12.1 Runway Threshold Lighting 13-12.2 High-Intensity Elevated Light Fixtures

13-13 CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

13-13.1 Single Circuit per Lighting System 13-13.2 Multiple Circuits per Lighting System - Split Circuits 13-13.3 Multiple Circuits per Lighting System - Interleaved Circuits

13-14 PARALLEL CIRCUITS

13-15 PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT FIXTURES

13-15.1 Airfield Lighting 13-15.2 Wattage 13-15.3 Isocandela Curves 13-15.4 Main Beam Ellipse 13-15.5 Photometric Testing of New Airfield Lighting Systems 13-15.6 Photometric Testing of Existing Lighting Systems

\4\ CHAPTER 14 LANDING ZONE LIGHTING REQUIREMENT

14.1 LANDING ZONE LIGHTING

14.1.1 Minimum Lighting Requirements for Temporary Applications 14-1.2 Lighting Requirements for Permanent Applications

14-2 LIGHT BASES

14-3 LIGHT LOCATIONS

14-3.1 LZ Lights 14-3.2 Turnaround, Taxiway, and Apron Edge Lights 14-3.3 Overrun Edge Lights

14-4 LIGHT CIRCUITS AND CONTROLS

14-4.1 Ferro-Resonant Regulators 14-4.2 Multi-Regulator Systems xiii

14-4.3 Single-Regulator Systems with Addressable Lights

14-5 LIGHT REFLECTOR PANELS (OPTIONAL)

14-6 OVERT AMP-3 LZ LIGHTS SUPERIMPOSED ON STANDARD

OPERATIONAL RUNWAYS

14-6.1 LZ Light Fixtures 14-6.2 LZ Location on the Runway 14-6.3 LZ Lighting Conflicts with Standard Runway Markings 14-6.4 LZ Lighting Conflicts with Approach Lights and Touchdown Zone

(TDZ) Lights

14-7 AMP-3 COVERT INFRARED (IR) LIGHTS

14-7.1 Installation 14-7.2 IR Light Fixtures

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C LIGHT EMITTING DIODES AND NIGHT VISION DEVICES

FIGURES

Figure 3-1 ALSF-1 Configuration Figure 3-2 Approach Lighting Photometrics Figure 3-3 Ideal Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-4 Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-1 Figure 3-5 ALSF-2 Configuration Figure 3-6 Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-2 Figure 3-7 SALS Configuration Figure 3-8 SSALR Configuration Figure 3-9 MALSR Configuration Figure 3-10 Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-11 PAPI Configuration Figure 3-12 PAPI Photometric Requirements Figure 3-13 PAPI Aiming Criteria Figure 4-1 Optional Interleaved Runway Lighting Circuits (not recommended for

Air Force Airfields) Figure 4-2 Runway Edge Light Configuration Figure 4-3 Elevated Fixture Height Figure 4-4A1 Threshold Light Configuration for Air Force Figure 4-4A2 Modified Threshold Light Configuration for Introduction of FLIR

Component Used by Aircraft with Head Up Displays Figure 4-4B Threshold Light Configuration for Army Figure 4-5A Threshold Light Circuiting for Air Force (Interleaved) Figure 4-5B Air Force (Non-interleaved) Figure 4-5C Threshold Light Circuiting for Army (interleaved) Figure 4-5D Army (non-interleaved) xiv

Figure 4-6 Threshold Light Photometric Requirements Figure 4-7 Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used as a Taxiway with Taxiway End Lights Figure 4-8 Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used for Takeoff and Landing Rollout Figure 4-9 Displaced Threshold Lighting Configuration (Temporary) Figure 4-10 Displaced Threshold Lighting Configuration With Co-Located

Threshold/End of Runway Lights (Temporary) Figure 4-11 Runway End Light Photometrics Figure 4-12 Runway Centerline Light Configuration Figure 4-13 Runway Centerline Light Photometric Configuration Figure 4-14 Touchdown Zone Light Photometric Requirements Figure 5-1 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Straight) Figure 5-2 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Curves) Figure 5-3 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration Entrance/Exit Figure 5-4 Taxiway Circuit Layout Figure 5-5 Taxiway Centerline Lighting Configuration (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-6 Taxiway Long Radius High Speed Exit Lights, Radius > 1,200 FT

(360 M) (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-7 Taxiway Short Radius High Speed Exit Lights, Radius ≤ 1,200 FT

(360 M) (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-8 Runway Guard Light Configuration Figure 5-9 Light Beam Aiming Point for In-Pavement RGLs and Stop Bars Figure 5-10 Runway Stop Bar Configuration Figure 5-11 Typical Light Beam Orientation for In-Pavement RGLs and Stop Bars ... 117 Figure 5-12 FAA L-862S, Elevated Stop Bar Light Figure 6-1 Obstruction Light Configuration, Height up to 350 Feet (105 Meters) Figure 6-2 Obstruction Light Configuration Height 150 to 350 Feet

(45 to 105 Meters) Figure 6-3 Obstruction Light Configuration Height 350 to 700 Feet

(105 to 210 Meters) Figure 6-4 Obstruction Lights on Buildings Figure 7-1 Helipad Perimeter Lights, Standard Configuration Figure 7-2 Helipad Perimeter Lights, Hospital Configuration Figure 7-3 VFR Helipad Landing Direction Lights Figure 7-4 Helipad VFR Approach Direction Lights Figure 7-5 Approach Lights Category I Figure 7-6 Helipad Floodlight Typical Configuration Figure 7-7 Block Diagram Without Tower Figure 7-8 Block Diagram with Tower Figure 8-1 Layout Heliport Lighting Figure 8-2 Rotary Wing Landing Lane Figure 8-3 Heliport Threshold and Edge Light Details Figure 8-4 Runway/Runway L Intersection Figure 8-5 Runway/Runway T Intersection xv

Figure 8-6 Hoverlane Lighting System Figure 8-7 Block Diagram Typical System Figure 9-1 Typical Mandatory Signs Figure 9-2 Typical Taxiway Guidance and Information Signs Figure 9-3 Example of Taxiway-Taxiway Intersection Sign Location Figure 9-4 Typical Location Signs Figure 9-5 Examples of Signing Conventions Figure 9-6 Signing Examples Figure 9-7 TACAN Sign Location Figure 9-8 Typical RDR Signs and AGM Figure 9-9 RDR Sign Layout Configuration Figure 9-10 Arresting Gear Marker (AGM) Configuration Figure 10-1 Apron Area Flood Lighting Uniformity Criteria Figure 11B-1 Sequenced Flashing Light Fixture Figure 11B-2a Configuration 1: MALSR Layout Figure 11B-2b Configuration 1: MALSR Components Figure 11B-3a Configuration 2: SSEALS Layout Figure 11B-3b Configuration 2: SSEALS Components Figure 11B-4 Approach Lighting Layouts Figure 11B-4a Approach 1: Installation: MALSR Figure 11B-4b Approach 1: Stand-alone Steady Burning Light (MALSR) Figure 11B-4c Approach 1: Folding Steady Burning Barrettes (MALSR) Figure 11B-4d Approach 1: Sequenced Flashing Light (1 of 2) (MALSR) Figure 11B-4d Approach 1: Sequenced Flashing Light (2 of 2) (MALSR) Figure 11B-5a Approach 2: Installation: SSEALS Figure 11B-5b Approach 2: Sequenced Flashing Light (SSEALS) Figure 11B-5c Approach 2: Steady Burning Light (SSEALS) Figure 12-1 Counterpoise and Ground Rod Installation Figure 12-2 Series Cutout Circuit Diagram Figure 12-3 Installation Plan, Power Equipment Figure 12-4 Power and Control System Block Diagram Figure 12-5 Computerized Control System using PLC Block Diagram Figure 12-6 Computerized Control System using PC Block Diagram Figure 12-7 Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (1 of 2) Figure 12-7 Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (2 of 2) Figure 12-8 PAPI Positioning Guidance Figure 13-1 Typical AGL Layout Figure 13-2 Typical AGL Series Lighting Circuit Figure 13-3A Calculation of Steady Burning Load at the Lowest Brightness Level Figure 13-3B Sample Calculation of CCR with High Signage Load Figure 13-4 Sample Calculation of CCR Test Data Figure 13-5 FAA-E-2325, Elevated, Unidirectional, PAR-38 Lamp Holder Figure 13-6 FAA-E-2628, or FAA L-849E, Elevated, Condenser Discharge (Sequenced

Flashing Light Figure 13-7 Current and Voltage Illustration xvi

Figure 13-8 FAA-L-850D, In-pavement, Bi-directional Figure 13-9 Runway Edge Light Photometric Requirements Figure 13-10 Photometric Isocandela Curves

TABLES

Table 2-1A Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements ..................................... 19a Table 2-1B US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements Table 2-2 Helipad/Heliport Visual Facilities Requirements Table 2-3 Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield/Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements ... 23 Table 3-1 Required Intensities for Elevated SFLs Table 3-2 Required Intensities for In-pavement SFLs Table 3-3 Brightness Control Matching Criteria Table 3-4 Elevation Setting Angles for ALSF-1 Table 3-5 Elevation Setting Angles for MALSR Table 3-6 Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups Table 5-1 Taxiway Centerline Light Intensity and Beam Widths Table 9-1 Perpendicular Distances for Taxiway Signage from Centerline of

Crossing Taxiway Table 12-1 Considerations for Cable and Duct Installation Table 12-2 Intensity Requirement Levels for Incandescent Light Circuits Table 12-3 Constant Current Efficiency Table 12-3 Aiming of FAA Type L-880 PAPI Relative to Glide Path Table 12-4 Intensity Requirement Levels for Incandescent Light Circuits Table 12-5 Aiming of FAA Type L-880 PAPI Relative to Glide Path Table 12-6 Maximum Allowable Non-Armored Cable Pulling Tension, Using

Dynamometer Table 13-1 AGL Series Circuit Load Calculation Data Sheet

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 PURPOSE.

This document provides guidance and detailed information on standard configurations and equipment for airfield lighting. Use this document when designing, planning, constructing, and installing new systems, for repairing and testing existing systems, and for introducing new aircraft technologies such as Head Up Display system lighting requirements.

1-2 SCOPE.

This document applies to Army and Air National Guard and to Army and Air Force Reserve bases with responsibility for maintaining their airfield facilities. Joint use with Civil Airport Authorities may require coordination. Existing systems and components are not required to be upgraded to these standards unless as part of a major rehabilitation. It is also important to note that the absence of a formerly FAA-approved NAVAID or piece of equipment from the current AC 150/5345-53, Appendix 3 Addendum is not an indication that this equipment is no longer approved for use. It means that particular NAVAID or piece of equipment is no longer manufactured. Much of this equipment is still supported for repairs by a sub-party of the former manufacturer and this NAVAID/piece of equipment may be more reliable and powerful than the one currently listed in the AC. Contact AFCEC/COSM if told that a NAVAID or piece of equipment is no longer approved for use. Beacons are one example of this situation.

This document contains the configuration standards, application and installation criteria, and a listing of applicable specifications for all visual air navigation facilities, except marking, at Air Force and US Army facilities.

Navy requirements are currently contained in Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2. When using the NAVAIR document, be certain that the complementary markings are installed and that no conflict occurs with the placement of light fixtures.

1-3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES.

This document aligns Air Force/Army airfield lighting requirements to be as close as possible to those of the FAA, with the exception of requirements that are unique to Air Force/Army facilities. FAA Advisory Circulars (AC) that are equivalent to Air Force/Army requirements are referenced. Specific requirements for the Air Force/Army are stated with appropriate data and figures provided.

a. Requirements for lightning protection (installation of a counterpoise) and equipment safety grounding systems are modified.

b. Figures and details are added to further clarify requirements.

c. In-paragraph FAA references are provided when context of a specific change is important.

d. References to other documents and guidance are updated due to cancellations or revisions.

e. The “Special Air Force Requirements” of Chapter 12 are now required for all installations.

f. Constant current regulators (CCR) are required to be ferro-resonant type. Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) types are no longer approved for designs of new vault and lighting system installations. In-kind replacements of SCRs for existing systems and circuits may be approved under some circumstances (consult AHJ or designated individual of Service). /2/

g. 50 kW and 70 kW constant current regulators (CCR) and 2400 VAC input regulators are no longer approved for new installations (A/C150-5345-10 details the requirements for constant current regulators (CCRs) and a monitor system for use with airport series lighting circuits.). The FAA objective is to transition to a 480 volt airfield lighting system for constant current systems. 30 kW is the maximum FAA-allowed CCR output. FOR AIR FORCE, 50kw and 70kW CCRs and the 2400 VAC system may remain in service with use of 2400V:480V transformers used to serve the vault additions/expansions, until funds are available for replacement of the existing service, generator and regulators.

h. Mixing of incandescent and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technologies on a single taxiway is not permitted due to varying characteristics which affect light color, etc.

In addition, mixing of fixtures by LED manufacturers on a single taxiway is not permitted for the same reason. If two taxiways are on a single circuit, fixtures for each taxiway must be uniform by type and manufacturer, not on the entire circuit, provided constant current regulator is not overloaded.

i. The FAA has changed specifications for light emitting diode (LED)-based red obstruction lights to make them visible to pilots using certain night vision goggle systems. Effective with the implementation of this change in FAA AC 150/5345-43, Specification for Obstruction Lighting Equipment, manufacturers will be required to meet the new specification for certified red LED-based obstruction lights.

1-4 BACKGROUND.

The term “visual air navigation facilities” refers to all lights (excluding ballpark-type lights for aprons and ramps which are covered in UFC 3-530-01), signs, symbols, and other visual aid devices located on and in the vicinity of an airfield. These facilities provide a visual reference and guidance to pilots when operating aircraft on the ground and in the air, and supplement the guidance provided by electronic aids such as Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Precision Approach Radar (PAR), and Instrument Landing System

(ILS), for operating aircraft. Criteria for Air Force airfield markings are contained in UFC 3-260-04, Airfield And Heliport Marking.

1-4.1 Visual air navigation facilities and systems must be standardized for operational safety. Standardization means that the configuration and color of the lights at each airfield is identical and has the same meaning. Standardization enables pilots to readily interpret the guidance information.

1-4.2 Per Public Law 85-726, the FAA regulates and promotes civil aviation to foster its development and to provide for the safe and efficient use of the airspace by both civil and military aircraft. The FAA develops, modifies, tests, and evaluates systems, procedures, facilities, and devices. It also defines the performance characteristics needed for safe and efficient navigation and traffic control of all civil and military aviation.

1-5 APPLICATION.

Use this document for all major rehabilitation (i.e., when over half of the lighting system requires replacement), or for the establishment of new visual air navigation facilities at Air Force and US Army installations.

Do not install visual air navigation facilities or equipment other than those covered in this publication except when an appropriate waiver has been obtained (refer to paragraph 1-11 for Air Force waivers, or paragraph 1-12 for US Army waivers).

Exceptions are when international military standards apply, when Standards of Forces Agreements apply and where existing facilities configured to prior standards and criteria continues to give satisfactory service.

1-6 NAVY REQUIREMENTS.

Department of the Navy (Navy) requirements are contained in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

Use NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 on all Navy airfield construction projects. NAVAIR 51- 50AAA-2 takes precedence over this UFC and over FAA and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents. This paragraph takes precedence over information presented elsewhere in this UFC regarding Navy requirements.

1-6.1 Navy airfield requirements are listed in in Table 1, “Approach Visual Aids Requirements,” in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

1-6.2 LED-lighted obstruction lights are not permitted on Navy projects due to the use of Night Vision Goggles (NVG) by rotary wing aircraft operations. FAA Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 09007 contains additional information.

1-6.3 LED-lighted airfield lighting fixtures are permitted on Navy projects with the acknowledgement from the CO or Airfield Manager that LEDs may not be compatible with Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) technology. EFVS is not known to be used on current Navy aircraft.

1-6.4 Additional Navy requirements that differ from Tri-service guidance include:

a. Install counterpoise systems using the equipotential method: above airfield lighting circuits and connected to all airfield lighting equipment, including light bases, guidance signs, and other metallic structures. Reference National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 780, Chapter 11, “Protection for Airfield Lighting Circuits.” \1\ The required use of the equipotential method of counterpoise takes precedence over NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 counterpoise requirements./1/

b. Install counterpoise ground rods at a 2,000 foot maximum spacing and at all changes in direction, terminations, crossings, and connection to existing counterpoise.

c. Ground rods are not required in cans or on cans with counterpoise systems.

d. Do not use counterpoise wire in conduit with circuit conductors.

e. An equipment ground is not required in constant current circuit conduits.

f. Encase constant current circuit ducts in concrete only when installing under new roadways.

g. For airfield constant current and low-voltage circuits, use aircraft-rated hand holes. Manholes are required for medium-voltage power systems, per UFC 3-550-01.

h. Use 2-inch (53 mm) PVC duct for airfield constant current circuits, with a maximum of two airfield cables and two constant current circuits per duct, and a maximum of two constant current circuits. This permits the interleaving of two circuits within one conduit. /2/

i. A drain system in light bases using a duct system or hand holes is not required.

j. Insert PVC conduit through grommets 1 inch (25 mm) (minimum) to 1.5 inches (38 mm) (maximum) into the light base.

k. Only in-pavement fixtures use L-868 cans; elevated lights and signs use L-867 cans.

l. Except for runway in-pavement lights, use anti-seize compound on all threaded connections made on-site to cans, light supports, and sign legs. For runway in-pavement lights use ceramic fluoropolymer coated steel bolts without anti-seize.

m. Photometric testing of newly installed airfield light fixtures, as specified in Unified Facilities Guide Specification (UFGS) 26 56 20 is not required.

n. Consider at taxiway or runway intersections or crossings, provide two spare 2-inch (53 mm) PVC duct bank crossings with hand holes for future use and maintenance use.

1-6.5 Airfield Lighting Control Systems (AFLCS) for Navy projects are normally provided using project funding by \4\ Naval Information Warfare Systems Command (NAVVWARSYSCOM). Coordinate with NAVWARSYSCOM during the 1391 development and during the at early stages of the project design./4/

1-6.6 \1\ Precision approach path indicators (PAPI) systems for Navy projects normally require coordination with the \4\ NAVWARSYSCOM /4/. Coordinate with NAVWARSYSCOM during the early stages of the project design./1//4/

1-6.7 \2\ NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 can be found on the Whole Building Design Guide site at https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/supplemental-technical-documents/tsewg-navair-51-50AAA-2 /2/

1-7 FAA STANDARDS.

\3\ The Army and Air Force generally follow FAA standards that are primarily published as Advisory Circulars, Engineering Briefs, handbooks, and specifications. However, when FAA documents are in conflict with the Air Force or Army requirements, this UFC takes precedence. Outage thresholds for individual NAVAID systems are identified by FAA. /3/ \4\ (This means, when there is an outage on the airfield at any time, FAA guidance dictates the steps to take, in priority order, to avoid an airfield shutdown. This guidance is available in the Control Tower.) When FAA documents are in conflict with Navy guidance included in this UFC or in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2, UFC or NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 guidance takes precedence. /4/

1-8 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS.

1-8.1 This UFC satisfies the requirements of international military standards to the greatest extent possible.

1-8.1.1 NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAGs) are promulgated by the NATO Standardization Office (NSO).

\3\ 1-8.1.2 AFIC Air Standards (AIR STD) are promulgated by representatives of the military air forces of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States. AIR STDs governing airfield lighting and marking, obstructions, helipads, and heliports have been cancelled. /3/ https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/supplemental-technical-documents/tsewg-navair-51-50AAA-2 https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/supplemental-technical-documents/tsewg-navair-51-50AAA-2

1-8.2 Applicable international military standards take precedence over standards in this UFC as follows:

1-8.2.1 NATO.

NATO STANAGs apply at Army and Air Force facilities in NATO theater countries except the United States and Canada, or wherever NATO funding is provided for the work, regardless of location.

\3\

1-8.2.2 AFIC.

At Army and Air Force facilities in New Zealand and Australia, contact:

FVEY Air Force Interoperability Council – Management Committee 5E975, Pentagon Washington DC, 20330-1070 Email: usaf.pentagon.af-a3-5.mbx.asicad01@mail.mil Tel: +1 7036143707 /3/

1-9 CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER NATIONS.

All construction outside of the United States is governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

\4\ SOFA replaced or supplements Base Rights Agreements. Information is at https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/236456.pdf, but it is unclear whether this has been updated /4/.

1-10 VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC AIDS.

Provide visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements and associated electronic aids. See Table 2-1A, “Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements,” Table 2-1B, “US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements” or Table 2-3 “Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements.”

Except for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operation, electronic aids are needed to provide initial positioning and direction information to approaching aircraft. Visual landing aids ensure a timely and safe transition from the instrument phase to the visual phase of an approach. Failure to provide the necessary visual aids on an instrument runway will degrade the utility of the electronic systems. Furthermore, enhancing a runway with unnecessary visual aids wastes resources, may cause confusion, and offers minimal operational advantages. Do not upgrade visual aids for a higher level of operations unless the runway, taxiway, or helipad is approved for that level, and appropriate electronic aids are programmed for installation. Waivers are required for all deviations.

Also reference paragraphs 1-11, 1-12, and 2-3.

https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/236456.pdf

1-10.1 Electrical support equipment, including the emergency power system, for visual and air navigational aids are not airfield obstructions. If a visual or air navigation aid is classified/categorized a “permissible deviation,” then the power equipment supporting that visual or air navigation aid is also classified a “permissible deviation,” provided:

• The support equipment is installed behind the equipment it supports, from the perspective of a landing aircraft; and

• The horizontal footprint of the equipment, from the perspective of a landing aircraft, is minimized.

1-11 AIR FORCE WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENTS.

The major command Vice Commander may waive requirements of this UFC if compliance is not practical or feasible. In exercising this waiver authority, the Commander or Vice Commander must not adversely impact the effectiveness or safety of operations for any aircraft which may use the airfield. Under normal circumstances, funding or budgetary constraints are not adequate justification for granting a waiver.

1-11.1 Approval Authority.

Authority to approve waivers resides with the major command Commander or Vice Commander and may be delegated to the Director of Operations (DO), depending upon the waiver content, but may not be re-delegated by DO.

1-11.1.1 Installation Representative.

The installation’s representative will:

a. Coordinate all waiver requests with the operations/airfield management and wing safety offices through the base level operations and safety divisions. In accordance with AFMAN 13-204V2 and Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 13-2, the operations/airfield management offices must coordinate as necessary with local wings and air traffic control agencies (e.g., FAA) providing terminal instrument procedures (TERPS) services for the affected locations.

b. Submit installation commander-approved waiver requests to AFIMSC/IZB for technical review; AFCEC Operations Directorate (AFCEC/CO) will provide subject matter expert (SME) support to AFIMSC.

c. Notify the FAA…