Attachment 25 EA Final WIA PEA_PRSC_CC_Signed _ final.pdf

FINAL

PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

FOR

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION OF

FACILITIES

AT

WAKE ISLAND AIRFIELD

WAKE ISLAND ATOLL

PACIFIC OCEAN

Prepared on behalf of:

611th Civil Engineer Squadron 10471 20th Street Suite 323

Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska 99506-2200

AUGUST 2024

Attachment 25

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FINDINGS OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

INSTALLATION DEVELOPMENT

WAKE ISLAND AIRFIELD, WAKE ATOLL

Pursuant to provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Title 42 United States Code Sections 4321 to 4347, implemented by Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Regulations, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) §1500-1508, and 32 CFR §989, Environmental Impact Analysis Process, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) assessed the potential environmental consequences associated with future installation development at Wake Island Airfield (WIA), Wake Island Atoll, from Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 through 2028.

The purpose of the Proposed Action is to construct, repair, and demolish existing assets and infrastructure at WIA from FY 2024 through 2028 to support current and future mission requirements by maintaining and providing needed infrastructure in a manner that:

Meets current USAF requirements for functional space, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084, Civil Engineering Facility Requirements (15 January 2020).

Provides reliable utilities and an efficient transportation system to support WIA, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084.

Supports and enhances the morale and welfare of personnel assigned to the installation, their families, and civilian staff, consistent with Department of Defense Instruction 1015.10, Military Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Programs.

Follows applicable standards for resilient built installation infrastructure in the Department of Defense Climate Adaptation Plan (1 September 2021).

The Proposed Action is needed for WIA to update aging infrastructure that will not meet the current or future mission requirements and to demolish existing buildings that are no longer in use or are unsafe to enter. Many of the existing deteriorating buildings are known or suspected to contain hazardous substances such as asbestos containing materials (ACM), lead based paint (LBP), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Aging facilities, saltwater corrosion from proximity to the ocean, and tropical storms have contributed to the deterioration of infrastructure at WIA.

The Programmatic EA, incorporated by reference into this finding, analyzes the potential environmental consequences of activities associated with the Proposed Action and provides environmental protection measures to avoid or reduce adverse environmental impacts. The Programmatic EA considers all potential impacts of the Proposed Action, and the No Action Alternative.

PROPOSED ACTION (PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE)

WIA capacity for future development or mission expansion is determined by examining current supply, demand, and capacity of land uses, facilities, utility systems, or land that could support the mission, quality of life of current and future users of the installation. The Proposed Action includes the construction of one new facility, one infrastructure repair project, and demolition of six facilities that can reasonably be anticipated to be implemented from FY 2024 through 2028.

The Proposed Action would maximize functional effectiveness of the WIA, while minimizing operating and maintenance costs. Projects included in the Proposed Action are included below.

Projects Included in the Proposed Action Project Number Project Description

Facility Construction Projects 180001 Wash Rack Installation Construction of a new covered vehicle wash rack

Infrastructure Construction Projects 190009 Repair Electrical

Distribution Industrial Area

The current electrical power system will be upgraded to the current standards in the industrial area, the MDA area, and the electrical network area.

Demolition Projects 150002 Repair or Replace

Petrol Ops (B1509) Building B1509 will be demolished.

200018 Replace Water Tank Six water storage tanks are proposed for demolition because they can no longer be used for their intended purpose and serve no USAF mission purpose. Four of these water storage tanks will be replaced in phases.

70006 Demolition of Storage Facility (B1407)

Building B1407 will be demolished.

190005 Demolition of Air Traffic Control Tower

(B1601)

Building 1601 will be demolished.

180020 Demolition of Electrical Power

(B950)

Building B950 will be demolished.

180021 Demolition of Storage Facility (B952)

Building B952 will be demolished.

NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE

Under the No Action Alternative, the Preferred Alternative would not occur and none of the projects described above would be implemented and conditions at WIA would remain as they currently are to date. Without the construction, infrastructure, and demolition projects included in the Proposed Action, WIA would be unable to adequately and efficiently support continuing and new mission requirements assigned to the 611th CES and other tenant units and organizations on the base. In addition, WIA facilities that would be demolished would continue to deteriorate allowing ACMs, LBPs, and PCBs to leach into the surrounding environment. For these reasons, the No Action Alternative cannot be considered a reasonable alternative.

However, CEQ regulations require consideration of the No Action Alternative for all Proposed Actions. The No Action Alternative serves as a baseline against which the impacts of the Proposed Action and other potential alternatives can be compared. The No Action Alternative will be evaluated in the Programmatic Environmental Assessment as an alternative considered.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The analyses of the affected environment and environmental consequences of implementing the Preferred Alternative presented in the EA concluded that by implementing standing environmental protection measures and operational planning, the USAF would be in compliance with all terms and conditions and reporting requirements. The USAF has concluded that no significant adverse effects would result to the following resources as a result of the Preferred Alternative: noise, land use, air quality, water resources, safety, hazardous materials and wastes, biological resources, cultural resources, earth resources, socioeconomics, and environmental justice. The following best management practices are being implemented to ensure impacts to resources are negligible or minor:

The use of silt fences and mats would be implemented to reduce soil erosion and sedimentation and to protect water quality.

All active construction areas would be fenced to deter unauthorized persons from entering the site.

Contractors would be required to submit safety plans prior to construction activities commencing.

Construction workers would be required to perform daily inspections, to ensure no spill or leaks have occurred, of equipment and store all fuels and other materials in appropriate containers.

Construction vehicles and equipment would be locked or secured when not in use.

In the case of inadvertent discovery of archeological materials or human remains during construction, all work will cease upon discovery and the cultural resources manager be notified and implement a series of step to address the discovery.

FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

Based on my review of the facts and analyses contained in the attached EA, conducted under the provisions of NEPA, CEQ Regulations, and 32 CFR §989, I conclude that the Preferred Alternative, future installation development at WIA, Wake Island Atoll, from FY 2024 through 2028, would not have a significant environmental impact, either by itself or cumulatively with other known projects. Accordingly, an Environmental Impact Statement is not required. The signing of this Finding of No Significant Impact completes the environmental impact analysis process.

Timothy J. Meerstein, Colonel, USAF Commander, PACAF Regional Support Center Date

21 January 2025MEERSTEIN.TIMOT

HY.J.1096784178

Digitally signed by

MEERSTEIN.TIMOTHY.J.1096784178

Date: 2025.01.21 05:21:42 -09'00'

Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Construction and Demolition of Facilities at Wake Island Airfield i August 2024

CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................... v

1. Purpose of and Need for the Action

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ACTION

1.3 NEED FOR THE ACTION

1.4 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION/CONSULTATIONS

1.4.1 Interagency Coordination and Consultations

1.4.2 Government to Government Consultations

1.5 PUBLIC AND AGENCY REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

2. Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives

2.1 PROPOSED ACTION

2.1.1 Facility Construction Projects

2.1.2 Infrastructure Construction Projects

2.1.3 Demolition Projects

2.2 SELECTION STANDARDS

2.3 SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES

2.4 DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ALTERNATIVES

2.4.1 Proposed Action Alternative

2.4.2 Alternative 2 – No-Action Alternative

2.5 ALTERNATIVES ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION

3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

3.1 SCOPE OF THE ANALYSIS

3.2 AIR INSTALLATION COMPATIBLE USE ZONE LAND USE/NOISE

3.2.1 Affected Environment

3.2.2 Environmental Consequences

3.3 AIR QUALITY

3.3.1 Affected Environment

3.3.2 Environmental Consequences

3.4 WATER RESOURCES

3.4.1 Affected Environment

3.4.2 Environmental Consequences

3.5 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

ii August 2024

3.5.1 Affected Environment

3.5.2 Environmental Consequences

3.6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE

3.6.1 Affected Environment

3.6.2 Environmental Consequences

3.7 BIOLOGICAL/NATURAL RESOURCES

3.7.1 Affected Environment

3.7.2 Environmental Consequences

3.8 CULTURAL RESOURCES

3.8.1 Affected Environment

3.8.2 Environmental Consequences

3.9 EARTH RESOURCES

3.9.1 Affected Environment

3.9.2 Environmental Consequences

3.10 SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES/ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

3.10.1 Affected Environment

3.10.2 Environmental Consequences

3.11 OTHER NEPA CONSIDERATIONS

3.11.1 Unavoidable Adverse Effects

3.11.2 Relationship of Short-Term Uses and Long-Term Productivity

3.11.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

3.11.4 Cumulative Impacts

4. LIST OF PREPARERS

5. PERSONS AND AGENCIES CONSULTED/COORDINATED

6. REFERENCES

APPENDIX A: Interagency/Intergovernmental Coordination and Public Participation APPENDIX B: Air Force Air Conformity Applicability Model (ACAM) Model Input Data APPENDIX C: Biological Evaluation APPENDIX D: Standard Operating Procedure for Discoveries of Archaeological Resources and

NAGPRA Cultural Items iii August 2024

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title

Table 1. Purpose and Need for Each Project in the Proposed Action

Table 2. Alternatives Considered

Table 3. Environmental Consequences Descriptors

Table 4. Construction Equipment Noise Levels at Various Distances

Table 5. Summary of AICUZ Land Use/Noise Impacts by Project

Table 6. National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Table 7. Air Quality Indicators and Significance Criteria

Table 8. Total Estimated Emissions for Proposed Action Alternative

Table 9. Summary of Air Quality Impacts by Project

Table 10. Summary of Water Resources Impacts by Project

Table 11. Summary of Safety and Occupational Health Impacts by Project

Table 12. Construction Year of Buildings Associated with Proposed Projects

Table 13. Summary of Hazardous Materials and Waste Impacts by Project

Table 14. Vegetation in the Vicinity of Each Proposed Project

Table 15. Migratory Birds Documented on Wake Atoll

Table 16. Wake Atoll Protected Species and Species of Concern

Table 17. Summary of Biological Resources Impacts by Project

Table 18. Summary of Cultural Resource Impacts by Project

Table 19. Summary of Earth Resources Impacts by Project

Table 20. Summary of Socioeconomics/Environmental Justice Impacts by Project

Table 21. Cumulative Impacts iv August 2024

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Title

Figure 1. General Location Map

Figure 2. Wake Island Airfield Layout Map

Figure 3. Project Overview Map

Figure 4. Locations of Projects 180020 and 180021

Figure 5. Locations of Projects 180001, 200018, 70006, and 150002

Figure 6. Location of Project 190005

Figure 7. Location of Project 190009

Figure 8. Wetlands Map v August 2024

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

611th CES 611 Civil Engineer Squadron

ACM Asbestos Containing Materials AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center AFI Air Force Instruction AFOSH Air Force Occupational and Environmental Safety, Fire Protection, and Health AFPD Air Force Policy Directive AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Use Zone

BMP Best management practice

CAA Clean Air Act CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations CO Carbon monoxide CWA Clean Water Act dBA A-weighted decibel(s) dB Decibel(s) DoD Department of Defense

EA EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC EA Environmental Assessment EFH Essential fish habitat EO Executive Order ESA Endangered Species Act ft Foot (feet) ft2 Square foot (feet) FY Fiscal Year

GHG Greenhouse gas

INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan

LBP Lead-Based Paints

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 MDA Missile Defense Agency

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NEPA National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended NHL National Historic Landmark NO2 Nitrogen dioxide NOx Oxides of nitrogen vi August 2024

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRHP National Register of Historic Places

O3 Ozone OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PFAS Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFBS Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Pb lead PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl PM Particulate matter PM2.5 Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter PM10 Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter ppm Part(s) per million PRSC Pacific Air Forces Regional Support Center

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

SHPO State Historic Preservation Office SO2 Sulfur dioxide

UFC Unified Facilities Criteria USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USAF U.S. Air Force USASMDC U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

VOC Volatile organic compound

WIA Wake Island Airfield WWII World War II

1 August 2024

1. PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE ACTION

The Pacific Air Forces Regional Support Center (PRSC) 611th Civil Engineer Squadron (611th CES) have prepared this Programmatic Environmental Assessment (EA) for future installation development at Wake Island Airfield (WIA), Wake Atoll, from Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 through 2028. The Programmatic EA is prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, as amended (42 U.S. Code 4321 et seq.); the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations implementing the procedural provisions of NEPA, 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1500 1580; and U.S. Air Force (USAF) policy and procedures

(32 CFR §989).

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Wake Atoll is approximately 1,821 acres and is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) west of Honolulu, Hawaii (Figures 1 and 2). Wake Atoll is an atoll formed by volcanic activity and is comprised of three islands: Wake, Wilkes, and Peale Islands, which are positioned around a shallow lagoon. Areas of brackish water wetlands are scattered throughout the Atoll. Wake Atoll is a biologically diverse group of islands that includes arthropods, small mammals, marine mammals, birds, and over 200 species of plants.

Wake Atoll has a predominantly flat topography, and the maximum elevation is 31 feet (ft), with an average elevation of 12 ft above sea level.

Wake Atoll was attacked by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 during World War II (WWII), due to it being an outpost for American forces. Several artifacts from WWII remain on the island. Wake Island in its entirety was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985 in order to preserve both the battlefield where important WWII events occurred, and Japanese and American structures from that period. Many of the Japanese structures were constructed with American labor. A group of 98 American prisoners of war were forced to build these defenses until mid-1943, when they were executed by the Japanese. These structures include several pillboxes, bunkers, and aircraft revetments. The Wake Island National Historic Landmark nomination package defines the landmark’s boundaries as “the outer edge of the reef that surrounds the Wake Island so as to include the reef, the three islands, and the lagoon.” The Pan American facilities and the U.S. Naval submarine and aircraft base, constructed prior to WWII, are also designated as National Historic Landmarks (Verhaaren and Kullen 2015).

The primary mission on Wake is maintenance and operation of the WIA. Wake is under control of the PRSC and the 611th CES based in Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska provides engineering support to WIA. A Base Operating Support Contractor manages the daily operations on Wake. Typical operations include support for trans-Pacific flight crews of the USAF, Marines, Navy, and Army; maintenance of Defense Logistics Agency fuel bulk storage and refueling infrastructure; support for Missile Defense Agency (MDA) operations; support for other U.S. Government Organizations doing testing and monitoring at Wake Island; and base engineering facility, utility, equipment, and grounds maintenance to support operations. The base population on Wake is comprised of fewer than 100 USAF personnel (active-duty military members), contractors (independent workers hired by the U.S. government), and employees (civilians employed by USAF) who live and work (USAF 2023d). Wake Atoll is also designated as a divert location for in flight emergencies.

Installation development and improvements are an on-going process at WIA. In 2021, a Wake

2 August 2024

Island Installation Development Plan was prepared in accordance with Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 2-100-01, Installation Master Planning; Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-1015, Integrated Installation Planning; and Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-10, Installations and Facilities.

The Installation Development Plan is to project the long-term needs of USAF and its stakeholders for Wake Island operations in order to define an enduring end state for the installation that maximizes functional effectiveness while minimizing operating and maintenance costs. Because mission needs largely dictate land and facility support requirements, installation development is centered around the capabilities of existing infrastructure and facilities to meet the needs of the existing and projected mission.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ACTION

The purpose of the Proposed Action is to construct, repair, and demolish existing assets and infrastructure at WIA from FY 2024 through 2028 to support current and future mission requirements by maintaining and providing needed infrastructure in a manner that:

Meets current USAF requirements for functional space, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084, Civil Engineering Facility Requirements (15 January 2020).

Provides reliable utilities and an efficient transportation system to support WIA, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084.

Supports and enhances the morale and welfare of personnel assigned to the installation, their families, and civilian staff, consistent with Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction 1015.10, Military Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Programs.

Follows applicable standards for resilient built installation infrastructure in the DoD Climate Adaptation Plan (1 September 2021).

1.3 NEED FOR THE ACTION

The Proposed Action is needed for WIA to update aging infrastructure that will not meet the current or future mission requirements and to demolish existing buildings that are no longer in use or are unsafe to enter. Many of the existing deteriorating buildings are known or suspected to contain hazardous substances such as asbestos containing materials (ACM), lead-based paint (LBP), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Aging facilities, saltwater corrosion from proximity to the ocean, and tropical storms have contributed to the deterioration of infrastructure at WIA.

Table 1 includes a specific purpose and need for each individual project included in the Proposed Action.

1.4 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION/CONSULTATIONS

1.4.1 Interagency Coordination and Consultations

The Intergovernmental Coordination Act and Executive Order (EO) 12372, Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs, requires Federal agencies to cooperate with and consider state and local views in implementing a Federal proposal. AFI 32-7060, which was rescinded, required the

3 August 2024

USAF to implement a process known as Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination for Environmental Planning. It was used for the purpose of agency coordination and to implement scoping requirements (i.e., to determine the scope of issues to be addressed in detail in a NEPA document).

Through the interagency coordination and consultation process, WIA will notify relevant federal agencies about the Proposed Action and alternatives. There are no state or local agencies associated with Wake Atoll to notify. The coordination and consultation process provides WIA the opportunity to cooperate with and consider state and local views in implementing the Proposed Action or alternatives. Coordination and consultation will begin by submitting a letter to federal, state, and local agencies containing a description of the Proposed Action and alternatives and will provide the means to comment on the Proposed Action and alternatives. The comment period will last for 30 days. Agency responses will be incorporated into the analysis of potential environmental impacts as part of the development of the EA. Appendix A contains the list of agencies that will be consulted regarding this action.

1.4.2 Government to Government Consultations

Consistent with National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800), DoD Instruction 4710.02, Interactions with Federally-Recognized Tribes, DAFI 90- 2002, Air Force Interaction with Federally-Recognized Tribes, and Air Force Manual 32-7003, Environmental Conservation, the DAF is also consulting with federally recognized tribes that are historically affiliated with the geographic region being considered for the Proposed Action regarding the potential to affect properties of cultural, historical, or religious significance to the tribes. The tribal coordination process is distinct from NEPA consultation or the intergovernmental coordination processes and requires separate notification of all relevant tribes.

The timelines for tribal consultation are also distinct from those of intergovernmental consultations.

There are no documented Native American tribes affiliated with the WIA geographic region. No Tribes or Native Hawaiians have historically inhabited the atoll, and there has not been any evidence discovered to indicate that any Native Polynesians, or other native groups, have ever populated the atoll.

1.5 PUBLIC AND AGENCY REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Following development of the EA and prior to signature of the Findings of No Significant Impact (if applicable), a Notice of Availability will be filed with the State of Hawaii Office of Environmental Quality Control, where it will be made available for public review. It will also be placed in the WIA Detachment Headquarters in the Passenger Terminal. The Notice of Availability will initiate a 30-day public review period. If public comments are received, they will be incorporated into the analysis, as appropriate, and included as an appendix to the Final Programmatic EA.

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Th e st or ag e fa ci lit y pr op os ed fo r de m ol iti on is n o lo ng er in u se , i s di la pi da te d, is u ns af e to e nt er an d se rv es n o

U

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F m is pu rp os e

Th e st or ag e fa ci lit y bu ild in g ha s m aj or le ak s a nd th e in te rio r c on cr et e w al ls a nd th e un de rs id e of th e ro of a re b ad ly sp al lin g.

T he y po se a sa fe ty h az ar d to p er so nn el eq ui pm en t.

Th e re ba r i s e xp os ed a nd c or ro di ng . I n ad di tio n, A

CM

a nd L

B P ha s b ee n id en tif ie d in th e bu ild in g.

D em ol iti on o f A ir Tr af fic

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, i s d ila pi da te d, un fe to e nt er

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SA

F m is si on p ur po se

Su pe r T yp ho on

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W ak e A to ll in an d bu ild in g su ff er ed si gn ifi ca nt d am ag e, es pe ci al ly to th e ai r t ow er

. I t h as n ot b ee n m ai nt ai ne d si nc e Su pe r T yp ho on Io ke . W at er h ep ed in th ro ug h op en in gs in th e m as on ry a nd w in do w s, al lo w in g m ol d to p ro lif er at e an d ca us in g ex te ns iv e ro tti ng th at h as u nd er m in ed th e st ru ct ur al in te gr ity o f t he c ei lin g an d do or fr am es . T he w al ls a nd c ei lin g of th e ai r t ow er in te rio r a s w el l a s t he o ut si de c on cr et e an d st uc co su rf ac e ar e sp al lin g in se ve ra l p la ce s, ex po si ng th e st ru ct ur al re ba r u nd er ne h.

Th th ird

-s to ry b al co ny a lo ng th e so ut h si de o f t he to w er h as b eg un to sl um p to th e w es t a co nc re te is d et er io ra tin g.

T he w in do w s o n th e no rth si de o f t he to w er h av e be en b oa rd ed up nd c ra ck s e m an at e fr om th e w in do w a nd b ui ld in g co rn er s.

Th e co nc re te w al kw ay ar ou nd th e to w er c ab h as a ls o be gu n to c ru m bl e.

D em ol iti on o f

El ec tri ca l Po w er

(B

0)

Th e el ec tri ca l p ow er b ui ld in g pr op os ed fo r d em ol iti on is n o lo ng er in u se

, i s d ila pi da te d, un fe to e nt er

, a nd se rv es n o U

SA

F m is si on p ur po se

Th e bu ild in g w as a ba nd on ed d ue to d et er io ra tin g, u ns af e co nd iti on s p rio r t o Su pe r T yp ho

Io ke a nd su st ai ne d he av y da m ag e du rin g th e ty ph oo n.

T he st ru ct ur e is se ve re ly d ila pi da te d w ith c ra ck ed c on cr et e an d sp al lin g in m an y pl ac es . T he re is a ls o ob vi ou s b uc kl in g of so m e w al ls . P or tio ns o f t he ro of h av e co lla ps ed in si de th e bu ild in g, re nd er in g it un sa fe fo r e nt ry an

D em ol iti on o f

St or ag e

Fa ci lit y

(B

2)

Th e st or ag e fa ci lit y pr op os ed fo r de m ol iti on is n o lo ng er in u se , i s di la pi da te d, is u ns af e to e nt er an d se rv es n o

U

SA

F m is os e

Th e bu ild in g is se ve re ly st or m d am ag ed

, w ith c ra ck ed a nd sp al lin g co nc re te

. I t i s c on si de re d un sa fe to e nt er . A g en er at or re m ai ns in th is fa ci lit y th at m ay b e sa lv ag ea bl e/ re cy cl ab le

N ot es

(a U

FC

-5

-0 2, E le ct ric al S af et y A

C M

A sb es to s C on ta in in g M at er ia l

LB

P

Le ad -B as ed

P ai nt U

FC

U ni fie d

Fa ci lit ie s C rit er ia

U

SA

F

U .S

. A ir

Fo rc l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t 2 l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t 2

Th is p ag e in te nt io na lly le ft bl k

10 August 2024

2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

2.1 PROPOSED ACTION

WIA capacity for future development or mission expansion is determined by examining current supply, demand, and capacity of land uses, facilities, utility systems, or land that could support the mission, quality of life of current and future users of the installation. The Proposed Action includes the construction of one new facility, one infrastructure repair project, and demolition of six facilities that can reasonably be anticipated to be implemented from FY 2024 through 2028.

The Proposed Action would maximize functional effectiveness of the WIA, while minimizing operating and maintenance costs. The list of projects included in the Proposed Action is included in Table 1 and locations of each project are included in Figure 3. A brief description of each project is also provided below.

Construction and demolition activities would generally involve ground disturbance by heavy construction equipment such as excavators, backhoes, bulldozers, graders, wheel rollers, and dump trucks. During construction fugitive dust would be managed by wetting surfaces and structures prior to demolition to control the spread of dust in the air. Other practices outlined in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Fugitive Dust Control Measures and Best Practices may be used as deemed appropriate (USEPA 2022). A detailed work plan outlining actions to be undertaken to demolish the buildings would be developed by the demolition contractor. All new construction and renovations would comply with applicable building, fire, and safety codes. Landscaping consisting of native vegetation would be used where appropriate to enhance the visual quality where demolition and new installations occurred. Nonhazardous concrete materials would be reused elsewhere on island to the extent possible. The handling and disposal of ACM, LBP, and PCBs is subject to the following federal regulations:

40 CFR §260-262: Solid and Hazardous Waste 40 CFR §61.141-157: Disposal of regulated ACM 40 CFR §61.145: Demolition and renovation of a facility containing asbestos 40 CFR §761: PCB manufacturing, processing, distribution, and use prohibitions 29 CFR §1910.1001: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) asbestos regulations 29 CFR §1926.62: OSHA regulations for construction (lead).

2.1.1 Facility Construction Projects

Project 180001: Wash Rack Installation This project would include the construction of a new covered vehicle wash rack. The facility requires a shade structure and containment wash pad that is corrosion proof. The facility would include a containerized packaged wash system with a wash water oil/water separator, all utilities, pavement, site improvements, pavement demolition, and associated support facilities to provide a complete and usable facility. The facility should not increase the demand of the current water production and storage systems. Used wash water will be discharged to the sanitary sewer through an oil/water separator. The installation of the wash rack, oil/water separator, and the connection to the sanitary sewer will conform to International Plumbing Code and in accordance

11 August 2024 with UFC 3-240-01. The facility would be located in the vicinity of Building 1407 (Figure 5).

Building 1407 is scheduled for demolition (Project 270006).

2.1.2 Infrastructure Construction Projects

Project 190009: Repair Electrical Distribution Industrial Area The Wake electrical distribution system sections included in this project are within areas in the industrial area, the MDA area, and the electrical network that runs from the MDA area to the Marina and over to the fuel farm (Figure 7). The electrical distribution system consists of primary cable and conduit, secondary cable and conduit, transformers, facility service panels, vaults, and switches. This project includes the following elements:

Replacing approximately 44,733 linear ft of degraded medium voltage cables with new medium voltage cables

Updating primary cable from 3-wire configuration to 4-wire configuration (per UFC 3-550-01 including Change 1, Section 2-3 and 3-2) by installing approximately 45,500 linear ft of bonded neutral conductors Ensuring that cable shielding is properly grounded by replacing missing and degraded grounding electrodes in each electrical vault Replacing 29 degraded and failing transformers with new weather resistant stainless-steel transformers Demolishing 6 out-of-code switching enclosures and 33 T-splices in vaults and replacing them with code compliant junctions that allow for sectionalizing of the island power grid Demolishing unused electrical vaults in place as necessary Demolishing and replacing 10 failed electrical vaults Repairing structures and replacing failing vault covers on approximately 150 electrical vaults Demolishing and replacing all failing or missing cable racks in the electrical vaults Replacing 3,692 failing conduit banks with new and lowering 444 ft of existing conduit to the code required depth of 18 inches (24 inches when near roads), per UFC 3-550-01 Section 3-11.2.2 and performing necessary grading and digging to support replacement of vaults and conduit; the installation of the new electrical system will follow the current utility corridors.

2.1.3 Demolition Projects

Project 150002: Demolition of Fuel Operations Laboratory Building (B1509) This project includes demolition of the Fuel Operations Laboratory (Figure 5). Demolition of the building would be conducted using standard wrecking practices, which involve the use of bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), and manual techniques. A detailed work plan outlining actions to be undertaken to demolish the building would be developed by the demolition contractor.

l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t2

Fi gu re 3.

P ro je ct

O ve rv ie w M l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t2

Th is p ag e in te nt io na lly le ft bl k

14 August 2024

Project 200018: Replace Water Tank Eight freshwater storage tanks were constructed in the industrial water area to store the freshwater produced by the rainwater catchment basins and desalination facilities on the atoll.

All eight tanks are located in the Industrial Area. Demolition of Tanks 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 would be accomplished using bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), and manual techniques. Tanks 2, 4, 5, and 6 would be replaced with new field-constructed water tanks equivalent to Tanks 1 and 3 (300,000 gallon). The construction would include fabrication and erection of the water tank as well as tank painting, disinfection, and connection of the new tanks to existing Tanks and to the Industrial Water Facility. The installation of the new water tanks and appurtenances will conform to UFC 3-230-

01. Tank 4 or another tank slated for demolition would be used to hold non-potable water for the concrete batch plant. Prior to use, the non-potable water tank would be inspected for suitability for temporary use. The contractor selected to construct new storage tanks would be required to set up a project-specific batch plant reverse osmosis water purification unit to fill Tank 4.

Project 70006: Demolition of Storage Facility (B1407) This project includes the demolition of a vehicle operations parking (Figure 5). Demolition of the building would be conducted using standard wrecking practices, which involve the use of bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), and manual techniques.

Project 190005: Demolition of Air Traffic Control Tower (B1601) This project includes demolition of the Air Traffic Control Tower (Figure 6). Demolition of the building would be conducted using standard wrecking practices, which involve the use of bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), manual techniques, and dump trucks.

Project 180020: Demolition of Electrical Power (B950) This project includes demolition of Building B950 (Figure 4). Demolition of the building would be conducted using standard wrecking practices, which involve the use of bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), and manual techniques.

Project 180021 Demolition of Storage Facility (B952) This project includes demolition of Building B952 (Figure 4). Demolition of the building would be conducted using standard wrecking practices, which involve the use of bulldozers, hydraulic excavators with attachments (i.e., grapples, shears, hammers, and concrete crushers), and manual techniques.

15 August 2024

This page intentionally left blank l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t2

Fi gu re 4.

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A irf ug us t2

Fi gu re

5.

L oc at io ns o f P ro je ct s 1

1, 8, , a nd l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t2

Fi gu re 6.

L oc at io n of

P ro je ct l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t2

Fi gu re 7.

L oc at io n of

P ro je ct

20 August 2024

2.2 SELECTION STANDARDS

The NEPA and CEQ regulations mandate the consideration of reasonable alternatives for the Proposed Action. “Reasonable alternatives” are those that also could be utilized to meet the purpose of and need for the Proposed Action. Per the requirements of 32 CFR §989, the USAF Environmental Impact Analysis Process regulations, selection standards are used to identify alternatives for meeting the purpose and need for the USAF action.

The Proposed Action alternatives must meet the following selection standards:

Meets current USAF requirements for functional space, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084, Civil Engineering Facility Requirements (15 January 2020) Provides reliable utilities and an efficient transportation system to support WIA, consistent with Air Force Manual 32-1084 Supports and enhances the morale and welfare of personnel assigned to the installation, their families, and civilian staff, consistent with DoD Instruction 1015.10, Military Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Programs Follows applicable standards for resilient built installation infrastructure in the DoD Climate Adaptation Plan (1 September 2021) Meets the overall purpose and need, and the project-specific purpose and need Makes as much use as possible of existing land and facilities, avoids creating or maintaining redundant space or infrastructure, and avoids or minimizes operational inefficiencies Is consistent with known man-made and natural constraints (safety distances, runway, wetlands); constraints may vary depending on the project.

2.3 SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES

This section describes the potential alternatives considered for each project and how each was assessed relative to the selection standards. Project alternatives that met all selection standards were considered reasonable and retained for consideration in this Programmatic EA. Alternatives that did not meet one or more of the selection standards were considered unreasonable and were not retained for consideration in the Programmatic EA. Table 2 includes alternatives considered for each project.

2.4 DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ALTERNATIVES

2.4.1 Proposed Action Alternative

Under the Proposed Action Alternative, the projects described in Section 2.1 would be implemented.

2.4.2 Alternative 2 – No-Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, none of the projects described in Section 2.1 would be implemented and conditions at WIA would remain as they currently are to date. Without the construction, infrastructure, and demolition projects included in the Proposed Action, WIA would be unable to adequately and efficiently support continuing and new mission requirements assigned to the 611th CES and other tenant units and organizations on the base. In addition, WIA facilities that would be demolished would continue to deteriorate allowing ACMs, LBPs, and

21 August 2024

PCBs to leach into the surrounding environment. For these reasons, the No Action Alternative cannot be considered a reasonable alternative. However, CEQ regulations require consideration of the No Action Alternative for all Proposed Actions. The No Action Alternative serves as a baseline against which the impacts of the Proposed Action and other potential alternatives can be compared. The No Action Alternative will be evaluated in the Programmatic EA as an alternative considered.

2.5 ALTERNATIVES ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION

As none of the other alternatives that were considered would meet the purpose and need, the following alternative have been eliminated from further consideration:

Installation of new Manual Wash Bay System Upgrade Hydrant Pressure of existing Wash System

These alternatives are not carried forward for analysis in this EA.

l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t 2

T ab le

. A lte rn at iv es

C on si de re d

Pr oj ec t

Pr oj ec t

D es cr ip tio n

A lte rn at iv es

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Se le ct io n St an da

N ot

M et

R ea so n fo r

D is m is sa l

Fa ci lit y

C on st ru ct io n Pr oj ec ts

W as h R ac k

In st al la tio n

In st al la tio n of n ew M an ua l W as h B ay

Sy st em . T hi s a lte rn at iv e ac tio n co nt ai ns a ll th e re qu ire m en ts fo r se co nd ar y co nt ai nm en t f or w as h w oi l s ep ar at io n bu t d oe s n ot in cl ud e th e au to m at ed w as hi ng c om po ne nt s.

M ee ts th e ov er al l pu rp os e an d ne ed an d th e pr oj ec t -s pe ci os e an d ne ed

Th is w ill n ot a lle vi at e th e pr ob le m o f a dd ed ur s r eq ui re d to h an d w as h la rg e pi ec es o f eq ui pm en t, w hi ch re su lts in th e eq ui pm en t n ot b ng he d on a re gu la rly sc he du le d ba si s.

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In st al l a lo ng er w as h ho se to re ac h th e fa r s id es o f l ar ge v eh ic le s a eq ui pm en t.

M ee ts th e ov er al l pu rp os e an d ne ed an d th e pr oj ec t -s pe ci os e an d ne ed

Th is a lte rn at iv e w ill n ot a lle vi at e th e pr ob le m fo r se co nd ar y co nt ai nm en t f or w as h w at er a nd o il se pa ra tio n.

It a ls o do es n ot e lim in at e th e ad de d ur s r eq ui re d to h an d w as h la rg e pi ec es o f eq ui pm en t, w hi ch re su lts in th e eq ui pm en t n ot b ng he d on a re gu la rly sc he du le d ba si s.

U nd er c ur nt di ct io n fr om

U

SA

F, n o ve hi cl es c an h av e th e en gi ne c om pa rtm en ts o r u nd er ca rr ia ge w as he d, ou ts id es c an no t b e w as he d us in g so lv en ts o r so ap s.

In fr as tr uc tu re

C on st ru ct io n Pr oj ec ts

R ep ai r E le ct ric al

D tri bu tio n In du st ria l A re a

N o pr op os ed a lte rn at iv es

N /A

N /A

D em ol iti on P ro je ct s

R ep ai r o r R ep

Pe tro l O ps

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N o pr op os ed a lte rn at iv es

N /A

N /A

R ep la ce W

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/A N

/A

D em ol iti on o f

St or ag e

Fa ci lit y

(B

N o pr op os ed a lte rn at iv es

N /A

N /A

D em ol iti on o f A ir Tr af fic

C on tro l

To w er (B

N o pr op os ed a lte rn at iv es

N /A

N /A

D em ol iti on o f

El ec tri ca l P

0)

N o pr op os ed a lte rn at iv es

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/A l P ro gr am m at ic E nv iro nm en ta l A ss es sm en t f or

C on st ru ct io n an d D em ol iti on o f F ac ili tie s a t W ak e Is la nd

A irf ug us t 2

Pr oj ec t

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24 August 2024

3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

3.1 SCOPE OF THE…