Attachment_04_Safety_and_Health_Standards_Glossary__11_pages.pdf

Contract 140R3022R0033 Attachment (4): Safety and Health Standards Glossary

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS FOR OVERALL

SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 1960.25, Qualifications of Safety and Health Inspectors and Agency Inspections.

OSHA Standard 1960.79, Self-Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Programs.

OSHA Publication 2077, General Industry Standards and Interpretations.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000, Air Contaminants.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1001, Asbestos.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1002, Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1003, 4-Nitrobiphenyl.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1004, alpa-Naphthylamine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1006, Methyl Chloromethyl Ether.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1007, 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1008, bis-Chloromethyl Ether.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1009, beta-Naphthalamine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1010, Benzidine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1011, 4-Aminodiphenyl.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1012, Ethyleneimine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1013, beta-Propiolactone.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1014, 2-Acetylaminofluorene.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1015, 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1016, N-Nitrosodimethylamine.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1017, Vinyl Chloride.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1018, Inorganic Arsenic.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1025, Lead.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1027, Cadmium.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1028, Benzene.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1029, Coke Oven Emissions.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1044, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1045, Acrilonitrile.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1047, Ethylene Oxide.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1048, Formaldehyde.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1050, Methylenedianiline.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.62, Lead.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101, Asbestos.

29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals OSHA Standard 1910.119, Appendix A, List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives (Mandatory).40 CFR 68, Risk Management Plans for a Chemical Accident Release Prevention OSHA Standard 40 CFR Part 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions (CARP):

40 CFR Part 68.3, CARP Definitions.

40 CFR Part 68.10, CARP Applicability.

40 CFR Part 68.67, CARP Process Hazard Analysis.

40 CFR Part 68.65, CARP Process Safety Information.

40 CFR Part 68.52, CARP Standard Operating Procedures.

40 CFR Part 68.70, CARP Training.

40 CFR Part 68.77, CARP Pre-Start Up Review.

40 CFR Part 68.56, CARP Maintenance.

40 CFR Part 68.75, CARP Management of Change.

40 CFR Part 68.81, CARP Incident Investigation.

40 CFR Part 68.SUBPART E, CARP Emergency Response.

OSHA Compliance Program Letter 2-2.45, Appendix A, PSM Audit Guidelines.

Solicitation 140R3018R0022

29 CFR 1910.146, Confined Space 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory 33 CFR 153, Control of Pollution by Oil and Hazardous Substance Discharge Removal 40 CFR 112, Oil Pollution Prevention (SPCC & Facility Response Plans) 40 CFR 117, Reportable Quantities for Hazardous Substances 40 CFR 125, Criteria and Standards for Best Management Practices 40 CFR 302, Designation of Reportable Quantities (RQs) and Notification Requirements for Hazardous Substances under CERCLA 40 CFR 372, Toxic Chemical Release Reporting 40 CFR 761, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce and Use Prohibitions 49 CFR 171-178, DOT HAZMAT Regulations

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z117.1, Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 70, National Electrical Code (NEC): Article 500, Hazardous (Classified) Locations; Article 501, Class I Locations; and Article 504, Intrinsically Safe Systems.

NFPA Standard 497M, Manual for Classification of Gases, Vapors, and Dust for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry to Toxic and Chemical Substances.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Space.

Acceptable Ceiling Concentration - An exposure limit listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2. An exposure shall not exceed the “acceptable maximum peak” in Table Z-2 at any time.

Action Level - An airborne exposure level that dictates active air monitoring, medical monitoring, and employee training. The Action Level is one-half the Occupational Exposure Limit for time-weighted average (PEL-TWA) exposures, except where 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z designates a different concentration or where the statistical variability of sample results indicates that a lower fraction of the PEL should be used as the Action Level.

Breathing zone - The location where exposure is measured. The breathing zone is located forward of the shoulders within 9 inches of the nose and mouth. Breathing zone measurements are taken beneath a welder’s helmet or face piece but outside of any respiratory protective devices.

Carcinogens - Hazardous materials that stimulate the formation of cancer. A material will be treated as a confirmed human carcinogen when one of the references below categorizes it as follows:

• “Known to be a carcinogen” in the National Toxicology Program (NTP), Annual Report on Carcinogens (latest edition);

• Group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Monographs (latest edition);

• “Carcinogen” in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z; or

A suspected human carcinogen is a substance that is suspected to induce cancer based on either limited epidemiological evidence or demonstration of carcinogenesis in one or more animal models. A material will be treated as a suspected human carcinogen when one of the references below categorizes it as follows:

• “Reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen, “possible carcinogen, or “probable carcinogen” in the National Toxicology Program (NTP), Annual Report on Carcinogens (latest edition);

• Group 2A or 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Monographs (latest edition);

• “Potential carcinogen” in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z; or

• Category A2 by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances ... (latest edition).

For the purpose of Hazard Communication, both confirmed and suspected human carcinogens are treated as carcinogens. A mixture is considered to be a carcinogen if it contains a carcinogenic component with a concentration of 0.1 percent or greater.”

Ceiling Limit (PEL-C) - The limit for an employee’s exposure which shall not be exceeded during any part of the work day. If instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, the PEL-C will be evaluated during the worst-case 15-minute exposure period.

Coefficient of Variation (CV) - For an air sampling method, the CV is the standard deviation of the sampling and analytical error divided by the mean of the sample results. The CV is used to calculate the confidence limits for sampling. OSHA uses the term sampling and analytical error (SAE) to account for the total variation or error in the method.

Confined Space - A space that:

• Is large enough and configured so a worker can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and

• Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example: tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, manholes, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry); and

• Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

• Category A1 by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances ... (latest edition).

Excursion Limits - Control limits based on statistical rather than purely toxicological considerations. They apply to exposures for which there are no PEL-Short Term Exposure Limits, PEL-Cs , or acceptable ceiling concentrations. See, ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices for further explanation.

Expanded Standards - Sections of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z following 29 CFR 1910.1000. Each of these OSHA standards discusses a specific substance and has specific requirements that apply where these substances are used.

Exposure - Exposure occurs when an employee is subjected to a hazardous material through any of these routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption. Airborne exposures are specified as the duration and concentration of hazardous materials measured in the breathing zone of an individual worker without regard for personnel protective equipment used by the worker.

Hazardous materials - Materials that pose a hazard and require a Safety Data Sheet as defined in the 29CFR 1910.1200 HAZCOM std.

Non-Permit Confined Space - A space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - The limit for the airborne concentrations of a specified substance for a specified time. Employees will not be exposed to concentrations greater than the PEL. The term PEL includes all PEL-TWAs, PEL-STELs, PEL-Cs, and acceptable ceiling concentrations that apply to a specific substance. For each hazardous material, the PELs are the most stringent limits found in the latest edition of the OSHA published annually in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, for specific substances. PELs apply to occupational exposures for each individual worker for a single 8-hour work shift except where 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z allows 40-hour averages. Exposure during work shifts that exceed 8 hours must be adjusted before applying a PEL. The regulatory exposure limit established by OSHA. PEL values are published in the 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-1, Final Rules Limits, other tables cross-referenced in the Final Rules Limits, and in 29 CFR 1910.1001 through 1910.1099 series for specific substances.

Permit-Required Confined Space - A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

• Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;

• Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing the entrant;

• Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or

• Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Permit-Required Confined Space Program - The overall program that the organization has developed for controlling, and where appropriate, for protecting workers from permit space hazards and for regulating entries into permit spaces.

Regulated Area - An area under the supervisor’s control where entry and exit are restricted and controlled to prevent exposure to hazards. An area shall be established when a requirement in 29 CFR 1910 or 29 CFR 1926 exists, or when the YAO Environmental Planning and Compliance Office and the Contractor determine that employees entering the area might be exposed to a hazard unless access is controlled.

Short Term Exposure Limit (PEL- STEL) - A time-weighted exposure for a 15 minute (or shorter) period which shall not be exceeded during the work day. The definition of STEL is different in 29 CFR 1910.1000

(a) (5) (ii). The definition must correspond to the reference being cited. As with other PELs, PEL-STELs are the most stringent limits found in the latest 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

Time-Weighted Average (OEL-TWA) - Eight-hour average concentration for which the average is mathematically adjusted for the duration of exposure. The method for calculating PEL-TWAs is shown in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (d).

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR NOISE

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1904.10, Recording Criteria for Cases Involving Occupational Hearing Loss, current edition.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure, current edition Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart 1910.145, Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags, current edition.

Title 10, United States Code, Section 8013.

Title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 339, Medical Qualification Determinations, current edition.

Title 42, United States Code, Section 4914, Development of Low-Noise-Emission Products, current edition.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - An 8-hour equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level of 90 dBA as a daily average.

Hazardous Noise - Exposure to steady-state noise having an 8-hour TWA noise level > (greater than or equal to) 90 dBA, or exposure to impulse/impact noise levels greater than 140dB peak SPL, regardless of duration.

Hazardous Noise Area - Any area where workers are likely to receive a daily total noise dose in excess of the PEL or where impulse noise levels exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level (SPL).

Standard or Significant Threshold Shift (STS) - A change in hearing thresholds relative to the reference audiogram of an average of 10 dB at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz, either ear, according to CFR

1910.95. That is, if the sum of the shifts at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz equals or exceeds 30 dB in either ear, a STS has occurred. Use of age corrections will NOT be applied when determining STS.

OTHER CONSOLIDATED OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REFERENCES

ANSI—American National Standards Institute NFPA—National Fire Protection Association CFR—Code of Federal Regulations OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials

ANSI A13.1 Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems ANSI A14.1 Ladders, Portable Wood, Safety Requirements for ANSI A14.2 Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders ANSI A14.3 Ladders – Fixed – Safety Requirements ANSI A14.4 Job – Made Wooden Ladders, Safety Requirements ANSI A14.5 Ladders Portable Reinforced Plastic Safety Requirements ANSI A92.2 Vehicle mounted elevating & Rotating Aerial Devices ANSI B11.10 Metal Sawing Machines ANSI B11.9 Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use of Grinding Machines ANSI Z41 Personal Protection – Protective Footwear ANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye ANSI 89.1 Industrial Head Protection ANSI Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment ANSI Z359.1 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Sub Systems, and Components ANSI Z535.1 Marking Physical Hazard Safety Color Code ANSI B7011600 Accuracy Inspection of Metal Cutting Vertical Band Sawing Machines ANSI B701170 Accuracy Inspection of Metal Cutting Horizontal Band Sawing Machines AS 1318 Marking of Physical Hazards ASTM D120-95 Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves ASTM D178-98 Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting ASTM D1051-95 Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves

UFC 3-600-02 Operations and Maintenance: Inspection Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Protection System 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D Walking – Working Surfaces 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O Machinery and Machine Guarding 29 CFR 1910.22 General Requirements – Walking Work Surface 29 CFR 1910.23 Guarding Floor and Wall Opening and Holes 29 CFR 1910.24 Fixed Industrial Stairs 29 CFR 1910.25 Portable Wood Ladders 29 CFR 1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders 29 CFR 1910.27 Fixed Ladders 29 CFR 1910.28 Safety Requirements for Scaffolding 29 CFR 1910.29 Manually Propelled Mobile Ladder Stands & Scaffolds (towers) 29 CFR 1910.30 Other Working Surfaces 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered Platform for Building Maintenance 29 CFR 1910.26-29 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 29 CFR 1910.67 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms 29 CFR 1910.94 Ventilation 29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure 29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 29 CFR 1910.111 Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia 29 CFR 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment – General Requirements 29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and Face Protection 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection 29 CRF 1910.135 Head Protection 29 CFR 1910.136 Occupational Foot Protection 29 CFR 1910.141 Sanitation 29 CFR 1910.144 Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards 29 CFR 1910.145 Specifications for Accidents Prevention Signs and Tags 29 CFR 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy (LOTO) 29 CFR 1910.151 Medical Services and First Aid 29 CFR 1910.176 Handling Materials – General 29 CFR 1910.177 Servicing Multi-Piece and Single Piece Rim Wheels 29 CFR 1910.211 Definition – Machinery & Machine Guarding 29 CFR 1910.212 Machinery and Machine Guarding, General Requirements for All Machines 29 CFR 1910.213 Woodworking Machinery Requirements 29 CFR 1910.215 Abrasive Wheel Machinery 29 CFR 1910.217 Mechanical Power Presses 29 CFR 1910.217 Appendix D Nonmandatory Supplementary Information 29 CFR 1910.219 Mechanical Power – Transmission Apparatus 29 CFR 1910.243 Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunication 29 CFR 1910.303 General Requirements – Electrical 29 CFR 1910.304 Wiring Design and Protection 29 CFR 1910.305 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use 29 CFR 1910.333 Selection and use of Work Practices – Electrical 29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens 29 CFR1910.1200 Hazard Communications 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart D (1910.21- 1910.30) Walking Working Surfaces 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart E (1910.37) Means of Egress – General 29 CFR 1915.71 Scaffold, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces 29 CFR 1926.50 Medical Services and First Aid 29 CFR 1926.152 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 29 CFR 1926.441 Batteries and Battery Charging 29 CFR 1926.501 Duty to Have Fall Protection 29 CFR 1926.502 Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices

29 CFR 1926.550 Cranes and Derricks 29 CFR 1926.701 Concrete and Masonry Construction 29 CFR 1926.1002 Protective Frames (roll-over protection structures, known as ROPS) for Wheel-Type Agricultural and Industrial Tractors Used In Construction Subpart J 29 CFR 1910. 141 - General Environment Controls Subpart L 29 CFR 1926. 450 - Safety Standard for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry Subpart N 29 CFR 1910.176 - Handling Materials – General Subpart S 29 CFR 1910.303 - Electrical – General Requirements Subpart S 29 CFR 1910.333 - Selection and use of work Practices OSHA 3092 Working Safely with Video Display Terminals OSHA 3127 Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens OSHA 3130 Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: Precautions for Emergency Responders OSHA 3067 Concepts & Techniques of Machine Safeguarding NFPA 10 Portable Fire Extinguisher NFPA 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System NFPA 12A Halon 1301, Fire Extinguishing System NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 17 Dry Chemical Extinguishing System NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NFPA 70E Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplace NFPA 91 Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids NFPA 24 Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances NFPA 80 Fire Doors and Fire Windows NFPA 101 Life Safety Code NFPA 251 Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials NFPA 1901 Automotive Fire Apparatus NFPA 1914 Testing Fire Department Aerial Devices NFPA 1931 Design of and Design Verification Tests for Fire Dept Ground Ladders NFPA 1932 Use, Maintenance and Service Testing of Fire Dept Ground Ladders NFPA 1962 Standard for the Care, Use and Service Testing of Fire Hose Including Connections and Nozzles 2000 Emergency Response Guide Book

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

AWWA Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains, C651 AWWA Standard for Disinfection of Water-Storage Facilities, C652 AWWA Standard for Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants, C653 AWWA Standard for Disinfection of Wells, C654

Control of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water, EPA/625/R-93/001, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC, May 93, REVISED 2007

Cross-Connection Control Manual, EPA 570/9-89/007, EPA Office of Water, Washington, DC 20460, June

Definitions of Types of Public Water Systems and Populations Served by Those Systems, US Environmental Protection Agency Memorandum, WSG 66a, Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water, August 21, 1991

Engineering and Administrative Recommendations for Water Fluoridation, Centers for Disease Control, 29 Sep 1995, (available on line at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00039178.htm)

Lab Certification for LCCA, US Environmental Protection Agency Memorandum, WSG H44A, July 1998 Lead and Copper Rule Guidance Manuals, Volume I: Monitoring, and Volume II: Corrosion Control Treatment. Drinking Water Technology Branch, Drinking Water Standards Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, USEPA, Washington, DC, Sep 92. Lead Control Strategies, AWWA Research Foundation, American Water Works Association, Denver, Co, 1990.

Lead in Drinking Water in Schools and Non-Residential Buildings, EPA 812-B-94-002, US EPA, Washington, DC

Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Title IV-Drinking Water Security and Safety, June 2002

Small System Regulatory Requirements Under the Safe Drinking Water Act as Amended 1996, US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 816-R-99-011, July 1999

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, most current edition Submetering Water Systems, US Environmental Protection Agency Memorandum, WSG 118, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, March 13, 1998

40 CFR Parts 141, 142 and 143.

Safe Drinking Water Act Hotline 1-800-426-4791 National Well Water Association 1-614-761-1711 American Water Works Association (AWWA) 1-303-794-7711 800.926.7337 | Fax: 303.347.0804 AWWA Publications http://sourcebook.awwa.org/ 1-800-926-7337

Approved Source - A source of water that has been inspected and approved by a primacy for use as a public water supply, or bottled water that has been procured from a supplier approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Sanitation Foundation, Arizona Department of Health Services (AZDHS) or Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ).

Community Water System (CWS) - A public water system (PWS) covered under the NPDWR that provides water for human consumption to at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents, or one that regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents (e.g., municipality, subdivision, mobile home park, etc.). See definition of “year-round resident” and “human consumption”.

Compliance - The status a facility may achieve when it meets all state and federal drinking water regulations (e.g., MCLs, treatment techniques, etc.). As used in this document, compliance is associated only with federal, State, and local regulations

Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) - An annual report required by the SDWA, which provides consumers information about the quality of their drinking water. The CCR is due on 1 July of each year.

Additional information on the CCR is available at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr.html.

Cross Connection - Any connection or arrangement, physical, or otherwise, between a potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or any tank, receptor, equipment or device, through which it may be possible for non-potable, used, unclean, polluted and contaminated water, or other substances, to enter into any part of such potable water system under any condition.

Detectable Disinfectant Residual - A measurable level of disinfectant detected with colorimetric or other test methods. For colorimetric testing, an actual color change that signifies the presence of a disinfectant residual (e.g., a pink color when using the DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine) method). For noncolorimetric methods, a level of disinfectant clearly above the level of detection for the device.

Disinfectant - A chemical added to water to inactivate bacteria. Examples include chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, or hypochlorite.

http://sourcebook.awwa.org/

Disinfection - A process that inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents. Disinfection should not be confused with sterilization, because disinfection may not kill all microorganisms.

Fixed Installation PWS - A PWS at a location with permanently constructed (non-mobile) facilities.

Human Consumption - Water that is ingested, or absorbed into the body by dermal contact or through inhalation. Human consumption includes such normal uses as bathing, showering, cooking, dishwashing, and oral hygiene. If a system provides water for these types of uses, then, it is providing water for human consumption under the SDWA. The law still applies even if a system maintains that they do not provide water for human consumption (e.g., through a consumer contract, etc.), but the actual consumer use demonstrates human consumption is prevalent within their system.

Lead Free - When used with respect to solders and flux refers to solders and flux containing not more than

0.2 percent lead; when used with respect to pipes and pipe fittings refers to pipes and pipe fittings containing not more than 8.0 percent lead; when used with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures intended by the manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion refers to fittings and fixtures that are in compliance with standards established in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 300g-6(e).

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) - The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water which is delivered to any user of a public water system. MCLs are established by the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) - The standards promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency to enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act.

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWR) - Non-enforceable guidelines primarily supporting taste and odor characteristic of finished drinking water. Although not enforced by the federal government, States or other primacies may enforce them as NPDWR.

Non-Community Water System (NCWS) - A public water system covered under the NPDWR that is not a CWS, i.e., a system that does not serve at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly service at least 25 year-round residents (40 CFR 141.2). NCWS can be classified as either Non- Transient or Transient systems which exclusively serve users in one or more of a variety of non-residential settings including schools or office buildings its own water supply is considered a non-transient system.

Non-Public Water System - A system that does not meet the minimum requirements for a Public Water System under the NPDWR. Usually, this type of system doesn’t serve enough people each year or doesn’t have enough service connections to be called a PWS.

Non-Transient, Non-Community Water System (NTNCWS) - A public water system (PWS) covered under the NPDWR that serves at least 25 of the same persons for over 6 months per year (40 CFR 141.2).

A typical example of an NTNC is a school or an office building that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well.

Palatable Water - Water that is pleasing to the taste and free of objectionable color, turbidity, taste, or odor. Palatability does not imply potability.

Population Served - The number of people who are provided water by a public water system. Transient personnel who live off-a facility will be counted by the community water distribution system where they reside. To determine a fixed number for the population served by YDP installation, use the highest daily average population served during the year. Determine this number by counting the total number of year-round residents plus the average of the number of regular consumers served (same persons), per day, during a month plus the average of the number of transient consumers served per day, during a month.

This formula may be superseded by the regulatory agency that has primacy under the SDWA.

Potable Water - Water that has been examined and treated to meet the proper standards and declared by the responsible authorities to be fit for drinking.

Primacy - The agency of the state or federal government that has primary enforcement responsibility (primacy) according to the Safe Drinking Water Act; for purposed of this instruction this includes local governments that have established drinking water criteria.

Public Water System (PWS) - A system that provides piped water for human consumption if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of 25 individuals 60 or more days out of the year. Such a system includes: (1) any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under the control of the operator of such system and used primarily in connection with such system, and (2) any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control which are used primarily in connection with such system. A public water system meeting all of the criteria in 40 CFR 141.3 is not covered under the NPDWR. PWS to which the NPDWR apply may be either a community water system or a non-community water system and can be publicly or privately owned.

Regular Consumers (Same Persons) - Terminology used in determining classification of a drinking water system. A regular drinking water system consumer who does not reside at a place served by the water system, but has a regular opportunity to consume water produced by the system (e.g., children at school, employees at workplace).

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) - A Congressional Act that establishes standards for drinking water safety. Some of the regulations adopted to enforce the SDWA are codified in 40 CFR Parts 141 to 143.

Sanitary Defects - Conditions that may permit the contamination of a potable water supply during or after treatment. Examples include connections to water supplies that are not safe, and raw water bypasses in treatment plants, plumbing fixtures that are not properly designed and installed, or leaking water and sewer pipes in the same trench.

Sanitary Survey - An on-site review of the integrity, operation and maintenance of a drinking water source, treatment, storage and distribution system. The purpose is to evaluate the adequacy of the source and the capability of the facilities to consistently produce and distribute safe drinking water. A sanitary survey is done for the installation water system.

Tier 1 Violations - More serious violations, including failure to comply with an MCL; failure to comply with prescribed treatment techniques; and failure to meet variance or exemption schedules.

Tier 2 Violations - Less serious violations, including failure to comply with monitoring requirements; failure to comply with a testing procedure prescribed by a NPDWR; and operating under a variance or exemption.

Transient Consumer - An individual who has the opportunity to consume water from a water system, but who does not fit the definition of a residential or regular consumer.

Transient Non-Community Water System (TNCWS) - A PWS covered under the NPDWR that provides water in a place such as a gas station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time.

These systems do not have to test or treat their water for contaminants that pose long-term health risks because fewer than 25 people drink the water and they drink it for 6 months or less per year. They still must test their water for microbes and several chemicals.

Treated Water - Water that has been processed to make it potable.

Total Trihalomethane (TTHM) - The sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the trihalomethane compounds. Trihalomethanes are a group of organic chemicals formed in water when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter present in all natural water used as sources of drinking water.

Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) are not a single chemical but a class of compounds that includes:

- chloroform (CHCl3)

- bromoform (CHBr3)

- dichlorobromomethane (CHCl2Br)

- dibromochloromethane (CHClBr2)

Unidirectional Flushing - Establishing velocities of at least 6 ft/sec within each pipe segment being flushed. This velocity promotes a scouring action within the pipe that helps remove sediments, biofilms, and loose deposits. Unidirectional flushing of the distribution system in a sequential manner at scouring velocity helps ensure that pipes sections are completely flushed (with dirty water being expelled from the system) and avoids simply moving debris from one part of the system to another (as in conventional flushing--i.e., simply opening hydrants in a specific area and flushing until specific parameters return to normal--Free Available Chlorine (FAC), turbidity, etc.) (See JOURNAL AWWA, Jul 1999, pg 62-71)

Water System Vulnerability Assessment - A one-time assessment required by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. This does not address the proposed actions to be taken to reduce vulnerabilities, and may become a public document once submitted to the

EPA.

Water Vulnerability Assessment - An assessment of the vulnerability of a PWS to intentional (e.g., sabotage) or unintentional (e.g., natural disaster) contamination, an evaluation of the impact of water supply disruption on the mission, and proposed corrective actions to eliminate or minimize vulnerable components of the water treatment, storage, supply and distribution system.

Year-Round Resident - An individual whose primary residence is served by the water system. The individual need not live at the residence for 365 days a year for it to be considered a year-round residence.