0011 Nursery Stock Standards.pdf

PDF 2 MB Posted May 26, 2026

Attached to: Sacramento Valley National Cemetery Grounds Maintenance Services -- S208
Solicitation number: 36C78625R50086
Issued by: Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration

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Written by GovTribe AI · May 26, 2026

This document is the American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.2-2025), an American National Standard published by AmericanHort and approved by ANSI on April 17, 2025. The standard establishes uniform specifications, measurement methods, and terminology for sizing, describing, and classifying nursery stock to facilitate commercial transactions in the horticultural industry.

The standard provides comprehensive guidelines for measuring and specifying various plant categories including shade and flowering trees (Types 1-4), deciduous shrubs (Types 0-3), coniferous evergreens (Types 1-6), broadleaf evergreens (Types 1-6), roses, young plants, fruit trees, small fruits, understock, seedling trees and shrubs, bulbs/corms/tubers, herbaceous perennials, ornamental grasses, groundcovers, and vines. Key specifications address plant size by caliper, height, or width measurements; container class volumes (ranging from #SP1 through #95/100); root ball diameter and depth requirements; and shearing designations for evergreens (Natural, Lightly Sheared, Sheared, or Altered Form). Required measurements include caliper taken at six inches above ground level for field-grown stock or soil line for container-grown stock (up to 4-inch caliper), with height measured from ground level to the top of canes meeting specifications, and spread measured as average branch spread. The standard requires all nursery stock to be correctly identified by genus, species, and cultivar, be substantially free of insects and diseases, and be in good living condition. The document includes detailed tables specifying minimum root ball diameters and depths, acceptable container classes, and measurement intervals for each plant type, along with figures illustrating proper measurement techniques and plant forms.

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American Standard for Nursery Stock published by

ANSI Z60.2-2025

Approved:

April 17, 2025

American National Standards

To help make standards development in the U.S. an equitable and open process that serves both industry and the public good, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, or the “Institute”) accredits standards developing organizations (SDOs) against a set of criteria to assure openness, balance, due process, and consensus in standards development – ANSI’s “Essential Requirements.”

The Institute does not develop standards itself; rather, ANSI-accredited SDOs may submit their documents for approval as American National Standards (ANS). An ANS is a document that has been sponsored by an ANSI-accredited SDO and then approved by ANSI’s Board of Standards Review as meeting certain criteria regarding due process in its development. ANSI’s SDO accreditation and ANS approval processes work in tandem to safeguard the value of the ANS designation, and ANSI’s impartial audits oversee the integrity of this system. To date, there are more than 10,000 American National Standards, comprising the work of thousands of experts from hundreds of SDOs representing every industry sector.

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those materially affected by its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer or producer, the purchaser, and the general public. Compliance with an ANS is voluntary, and the existence of an ANS does not in any respect preclude anyone from manufacturing, producing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. The parties to a commercial transaction should expressly agree that an ANS applies.

NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication, although extensions for final ANSI approval of a revised ANS may be granted up to ten years from the date of the prior ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by contacting the American National Standards Institute (www.ansi.org).

The American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.2) is published by:

American Horticulture Industry Association d/b/a AmericanHort an ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organization

2130 Stella Court, Columbus, OH 43215 614-487-1117 www.AmericanHort.org

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

This publication was funded in part by a grant from the Horticultural Research Institute.

www.ansi.org

AmericanHort.org

Contents Annex A: Foreword �� i History of the American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.2) �� i

Horticultural Standards Committee �� ii

2025 Canvass List �� iii

Normative References �� iii

Annex B: How To Use This Publication �� iv

Section 1: General Standards

1.1	Required specifications ��1
1.1.1	Plant size specification required�� 1

1.1.2 Plant size intervals�� 1

1.1.3 Container class specification required �� 1

1.1.3.1 Container class volume ranges �� 2

1.1.3.2 Incomplete specifications for container grown plants �� 2

1.1.3.3 Unclassified containers �� 2

1.1.3.4 Relation of container classes with imperial volumes �� 3

1.1.3.5 Small plant containers (“SP” designation) �� 3

1.1.3.6 Dimension measurements for square containers �� 3

1.1.3.7 Box size equivalents �� 3

1.1.4 Shearing designation specification required for evergreens �� 3

1.1.4.1 Shearing designations �� 4

1.1.4.1.1 Natural�� 4

1.1.4.1.2 Semi sheared or lightly sheared�� 4

1.1.4.1.3 Sheared �� 4

1.1.4.1.4 Altered form�� 4

1.1.4.1.5 Compliance with specifications with no shearing designation�� 4

1.2	Methods of measurement��4
1.2.1	Measuring caliper �� 4

1.2.2 Measuring height and spread �� 5

1.2.2.1 General application �� 5

1.2.2.2 Height measurement – deciduous shrubs �� 6

1.2.2.3 Height measurement - evergreens �� 7

1.2.3 Required specifications for trees with multiple stems (trunks)�� 8

1.2.3.1 Desired form �� 8

1.2.3.2 Height, minimum number of stems, caliper, method of caliper measurement �� 8

1.2.3.2.1 Default specification if specifications do not include minimum number of stems �� 8

1.2.3.3 Method of caliper measurement �� 8

1.2.3.3.1 Default specification if specifications do not include method of caliper measurement�� 8

1.3	Minimum requirements for all nursery stock��8
1.3.1	Correct identification requirement�� 8

1.3.2 Minimum quality requirement �� 9

1.3.3 Co-dominant stems - Type 1 and Type 2 shade trees�� 9

1.3.4 Pruning cuts to correct injury, damage, or branching structure �� 9

1.3.5 Plants not grown in the nursery �� 9

1.3.5.1 Collected plants �� 9

1.3.5.2 Plantation grown plants �� 10

1.4	Optional specifications��10
1.4.1	Optional measurement specifications �� 10

1.4.2 Optional descriptive or quality specifications�� 10

1.4.3 Lowest branch height for street trees �� 10

1.4.4 Pruned or trained plants for other uses �� 10

1.4.5 Optional transplanting or root pruning specifications�� 11

1.5	Root ball requirements for field grown nursery stock��11
1.5.1	Root ball diameters �� 11

1.5.2 Plant in center of root ball�� 12

1.5.3 Root ball depths�� 12

1.5.4 Burlapping�� 13

1.5.5 Ball-supporting devices�� 13

1.5.6 Use of digging machines recognized�� 13

1.6	Container grown root systems ��13
1.6.1	General requirement for container grown root systems �� 13

1.6.2 Containers that encourage or manipulate root growth recognized �� 13

1.7 Box-grown ��13

1.8 In-ground fabric bag sizes ��14

1.9 Above-ground fabric bags��14

1.10 Deep Containers ��14

Table 1. Container class volume ranges�� 2

Figure 1. Measurement - field grown trees – single-stem �� 5

Figure 2. Average spread measurement – evergreens�� 5

Figure 3. Measurement of deciduous shrubs�� 6

Figure 4. Height measurement – evergreens specified by height�� 7

Figure 5. Height and spread measurement – evergreens �� 7

Figure 6. Co-dominant stems – Type 1 and Type 2 shade trees �� 9

Figure 7. Example: Center of plant in center of root ball �� 12

Figure 8. Measurement of root ball depths�� 12

Table 2. In-ground fabric bag sizes �� 14

Section 1: Figures & Tables

Section 2: Shade and Flowering Trees

2.1	Type 1 shade trees��15
2.1.1	Classification of Type 1 shade trees �� 15

2.1.2 Specifications for Type 1 shade trees�� 15

2.2	Type 2 shade trees��16
2.2.1	Classification of Type 2 shade trees �� 16

2.2.2 Specifications for Type 2 shade trees�� 17

2.3	Type 3 small upright trees��18
2.3.1	Classification of Type 3 small upright trees�� 18

2.3.2 Specifications for Type 3 small upright trees �� 19

2.4	Type 4 small spreading trees��20
2.4.1	Classification of Type 4 small spreading trees�� 20

2.4.2 Specifications for Type 4 small spreading trees �� 21

2.5	Trees with multiple stems (trunks)��22
2.5.1	General application �� 22

2.5.2 Shrub form trees�� 22

2.5.2.1 Classification of shrub form trees �� 22

2.5.2.2 Measurement intervals for shrub form trees �� 22

2.5.3 Clump form trees�� 23

2.5.3.1 Classification of clump form trees �� 23

2.5.3.2 Unified root system of clump form trees �� 23

2.5.3.3 Measurement intervals for clump form trees �� 23

2.5.4 Classification of multi-stem trees�� 23

2.5.4.1 Designation as “single trunk, low branching” �� 23

2.5.5 Root ball diameters and container classes for clump form, shrub form, and multi-stem trees �� 24

2.5.5.1 Root ball diameters for clump form trees �� 24

2.5.5.2 Root ball diameters and container classes for shrub form and multi-stem trees �� 24

2.6 Palms��25

2.7 Caliper/height/root spread relationship for nursery grown bare root trees��26

2.8 Field potted or field boxed ��26

2.9 Processed balled��26

Section 3: Deciduous Shrubs

3.1 Minimum number of canes ��27

3.2	Type 0 tender deciduous shrubs��27
3.2.1	Classification of Type 0 tender deciduous shrubs �� 27

3.2.2 Specifications for Type 0 tender deciduous shrubs�� 27

3.3	Type 1 small or dwarf deciduous shrubs��28
3.3.1	Classification of Type 1 small or dwarf deciduous shrubs�� 28

3.3.2 Specifications for Type 1 small or dwarf deciduous shrubs�� 28

3.4	Type 2 intermediate deciduous shrubs ��29
3.4.1	Classification of Type 2 intermediate deciduous shrubs �� 29

3.4.2 Specifications for Type 2 intermediate deciduous shrubs�� 29

3.5	Type 3 large or tall deciduous shrubs��30
3.5.1	Classification of Type 3 large or tall deciduous shrubs�� 30

3.5.2 Specifications for Type 3 large or tall deciduous shrubs �� 30

3.5.3 Exception for Type 3 deciduous shrubs with a narrow habit�� 30

Table 3. Specifications for Type 1 shade trees �� 15

Figure 9. Measurement – Type 2 shade trees�� 16

Table 4. Specifications for Type 2 shade trees �� 17

Figure 10. Type 3 small upright trees �� 18

Table 5. Specifications for single-stem Type 3 small upright trees�� 19

Figure 11. Type 4 small spreading trees�� 20

Table 6. Specifications for single-stem Type 4 small spreading trees�� 21

Figure 12. Classification of multi-stem, clump form, and shrub form trees�� 22

Table 7. Root ball diameters and container classes for shrub form and multi-stem trees �� 24

Figure 13. Palms �� 25

Table 8. Caliper/height/root spread relationship for nursery grown bare root trees�� 26

Section 2: Figures & Tables

Table 9. Deciduous shrubs – Type 0 tender shrubs �� 28

Table 10. Deciduous shrubs – Type 1 small or dwarf shrubs�� 28

Table 11. Deciduous shrubs – Type 2 intermediate�� 29

Figure 14. Type 2 intermediate deciduous shrubs �� 29

Table 12. Type 3 large or tall deciduous shrubs�� 30

Section 3: Figures & Tables

Section 4: Coniferous Evergreens

4.1 Determining root ball, container, or fabric bag size��31

4.2 Optional minimum or maximum caliper specifications ��31

4.3 Dwarf conifers are not a separate classification��31

4.4	Type 1 conifers - creeping or prostrate ��31
4.4.1	Classification of Type 1 conifers �� 31

4.4.2 Specifications for Type 1 conifers�� 32

4.5	Type 2 conifers - semi-spreading��33
4.5.1	Classification of Type 2 conifers �� 33

4.5.2 Specifications for Type 2 conifers�� 33

4.6	Type 3 conifers - broad spreading, globe, and compact upright��34
4.6.1	Classification of Type 3 conifers �� 34

4.6.2 Specifications for Type 3 conifers�� 35

4.7	Type 4 conifers - cone type (pyramidal)��36
4.7.1	Classification of Type 4 conifers �� 36

4.7.2 Specifications for Type 4 conifers�� 37

4.8	Type 5 conifers - broad upright��38
4.8.1	Classification of Type 5 conifers �� 38

4.8.2 Specifications for Type 5 conifers�� 39

4.9	Type 6 conifers - columnar type��40
4.9.1	Classification of Type 6 conifers �� 40

4.9.2 Specifications for Type 6 conifers�� 41

Table 13. Specifications for Type 1 conifers�� 32

Table 14. Specifications for Type 2 conifers�� 33

Figure 15. Measurement – Type 3 coniferous evergreens�� 34

Table 15. Specifications for Type 3 conifers�� 35

Figure 16. Determining average height – Type 4 coniferous evergreens �� 36

Table 16. Specifications for Type 4 conifers�� 37

Figure 17. Measurement - Type 5 coniferous evergreens �� 38

Table 17. Specifications for Type 5 conifers�� 39

Figure 18. Measurement – Type 6 coniferous evergreens�� 40

Table 18. Specifications for Type 6 conifers�� 41

Section 4: Figures & Tables

Section 5: Broadleaf Evergreens

5.1 Determining root ball, container, or fabric bag size��42

5.2 Optional minimum or maximum caliper specifications ��42

5.3 Dwarf broadleaf evergreens not a separate classification ��42

5.4	Type 1 broadleaf evergreens - spreading��42
5.4.1	Classification of Type 1 broadleaf evergreens�� 42

5.4.2 Specifications for Type 1 broadleaf evergreens �� 43

5.5	Type 2 broadleaf evergreens - semi-spreading��44
5.5.1	Classification of Type 2 broadleaf evergreens�� 44

5.5.2 Specifications for Type 2 broadleaf evergreens �� 45

5.6 Type 3 broadleaf evergreens - broad spreading, globe, and compact upright��46

5.6.1 Classification of Type 3 broadleaf evergreens�� 46

5.6.2 Specifications for Type 3 broadleaf evergreens �� 47

5.7	Type 4 broadleaf evergreens – broad upright��48
5.7.1	Classification of Type 4 broadleaf evergreens�� 48

5.7.2 Specifications for Type 4 broadleaf evergreens �� 49

5.8	Type 5 broadleaf evergreens – cone (pyramidal)��50
5.8.1	Classification of Type 5 broadleaf evergreens�� 50

5.8.2 Specifications for Type 5 broadleaf evergreens �� 51

5.9	Type 6 broadleaf evergreens - columnar��52
5.9.1	Classification of Type 6 broadleaf evergreens�� 52

5.9.2 Specifications for Type 6 broadleaf evergreens �� 53

Table 19. Specifications for Type 1 broadleaf evergreens�� 43

Figure 19. Measurement – Type 1 broadleaf evergreens�� 44

Figure 20. Measurement – Type 2 broadleaf evergreens�� 44

Table 20. Specifications for Type 2 broadleaf evergreens�� 45

Figure 21. Measurement – Type 3 broadleaf evergreens�� 46

Table 21. Specifications for Type 3 broadleaf evergreens�� 47

Figure 22. Measurement – Type 4 Broadleaf evergreens�� 48

Table 22. Specifications for Type 4 broadleaf evergreens�� 49

Figure 23. Measurement – Type 5 broadleaf evergreens�� 50

Table 23. Specifications for Type 5 broadleaf evergreens�� 51

Table 24. Specifications for Type 6 broadleaf evergreens�� 53

Section 5: Figures & Tables

Section 6: Roses

6.1 General��54

6.2 Hybrid tea, grandiflora, floribunda, and climbing roses��54

6.3 Polyantha, shrub, landscape, and low growing floribunda roses��55

6.4	Field grown miniatures ��55
6.4.1	Large grower miniatures �� 55

6.4.2 Small grower miniatures�� 55

6.4.3 Root system �� 55

6.5	Tree roses ��56
6.5.1	Standard tree rose 36” (91 cm) �� 56

6.5.2 Patio tree rose 18” (46 cm)�� 56

6.5.3 Mini-tree rose (miniature varieties) �� 56

6.6 Container grown roses��57

Figure 24. Hybrid tea, tea, grandiflora, etc., roses �� 54

Figure 25. Climbing roses �� 54

Figure 26. Polyantha roses�� 55

Figure 27. Floribunda roses �� 55

Table 25. Minimum container sizes for container grown roses�� 57

Figure 28. Tree roses �� 57

Section 6: Figures & Tables

Section 7: Young Plants

7.1	General Specifications ��58
7.1.1	Cultural history specifications �� 58

7.1.1.1 Propagation and cultural history codes �� 58

7.1.2 Plants collected from the wild�� 59

7.1.3 Quality definition �� 59

7.1.4 Unrooted cuttings�� 59

7.1.5 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro)�� 59

7.1.6 Pruning�� 59

7.2 Method of measurement��59

7.3	Sizing intervals��59
7.3.1	Slow grower (dwarf and semi-dwarf) �� 59

7.3.2 Medium grower�� 60

7.3.3 Fast grower �� 60

7.4	Types of plants ��60
7.4.1	Type 1 - No stems�� 60

7.4.2 Type 2 - Single stem�� 60

7.4.2.1 Spreading �� 60

7.4.2.2 Semi-spreading �� 60

7.4.2.3 Globe �� 60

7.4.2.4 Medium upright �� 60

7.4.2.5 Upright �� 60

7.4.3 Type 3 - Stoloniferous�� 60

7.4.4 Type 4 - Rhizomatous, tuberous, or fibrous roots�� 61

7.4.5 Type 5 - Fans�� 61

7.4.6 Type 6 - Bulbs, corms�� 61

7.4.7 Type 7 - Vines�� 61

7.4.8 Conifer plantation and reforestation plants�� 61

7.5 Unclassified��61

7.6 Plants sold in containers, in-ground fabric bags, above-ground fabric bags, deep containers, and plug cells��61

7.6.1 Plug cell specifications �� 61

Section 8: Fruit Trees

8.1	General specifications ��62
8.1.1	Minimum requirements�� 62

8.1.2 Cultural history specifications �� 62

8.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings �� 63

8.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) �� 63

8.1.3 Age specification �� 63

8.2 Caliper and height measurement ��63

8.3 Height-caliper relationships��63

8.4 Processed balled��65

8.5	Fruit tree seedlings and understock��65
8.5.1	Seedlings with limbs �� 65

8.5.2 Apple and pear seedlings�� 65

8.5.3 Vegetatively propagated or micropropagated fruit understock �� 66

8.5.3.1 Root system specification required �� 66

8.6 Citrus��66

8.7 Marketing nomenclature��67

Section 9: Small Fruits

9.1	General specifications ��70
9.1.1	Quality definitions�� 70

9.1.2 Propagation and cultural history codes�� 70

9.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings �� 70

9.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) �� 70

9.2	Method of measurement��71
9.2.1	Raspberries �� 71

9.2.1.1 Sucker and root cutting plants �� 71

9.2.2 Transplanted raspberries �� 71

9.2.3 Dewberries, blackberries, boysenberries, youngberries �� 71

9.2.3.1 Root cuttings �� 71

9.2.4 Transplanted blackberries�� 71

9.2.5 Currants�� 71

9.2.6 Blueberries�� 72

9.2.7 Gooseberries�� 72

9.2.8 Grape vines �� 72

9.2.9 Strawberry plants�� 73

9.2.10 Asparagus crowns�� 73

9.3 Container grown ��73

Table 26. Height/caliper relationship for standard apple, sweet cherry, peach, almond, nectarine, pear, apricot, prune, and plum (one and two years)�� 63

Table 27. Height/caliper relationship for standard sour-cherry and dwarf peach, pear, nectarine, apricot, prune and plum (on clonal rootstock only)�� 64

Table 28. Height/caliper relationship for dwarf apple (including clonal rootstock and interstem trees)�� 64

Table 29. Ball sizes – processed balled fruit trees�� 65

Table 30. Common Apple rootstocks/interstems�� 67

Table 31. Common Pear rootstocks�� 68

Table 32. Common Peach, nectarine, and almond rootstocks �� 68

Table 33. Common Plum and apricot rootstocks �� 69

Table 34. Common Cherry rootstocks�� 69

Section 8: Figures & Tables

Figure 29. Strawberries – minimum requirements �� 73

Section 9: Figures & Tables

Section 10: Understock

10.1	Quality definition��74
10.1.1	Cultural history specifications �� 74

10.1.1.1 Unrooted cuttings �� 75

10.2	Method of measurement��75
10.2.1	Measurement specification�� 75

10.3	Types of plants ��75
10.3.1	Fruit and nut seedlings—seed-propagated stock �� 75

10.3.1.1 Seedlings with limbs �� 75

10.3.1.2 Root descriptions �� 75

10.3.2 Vegetatively propagated plants�� 76

10.3.2.1 From layering �� 76

10.3.2.2 Hardwood cuttings �� 76

10.3.2.3 Softwood cuttings �� 76

10.3.2.4 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) �� 76

10.3.3 Unclassified�� 76

10.4 Evergreen lining out stock—recommendations ��76

10.5 Shade and flowering tree seedlings��77

10.6 Container grown understock ��77

10.7 In-ground fabric bag grown understock ��77

Section 11: Seedling Trees and Shrubs

11.1	Quality definition��78
11.1.1	Cultural history specifications �� 78

11.2	Method of measurement��78
11.2.1	Deciduous or hardwood �� 78

11.2.2 Coniferous evergreens �� 80

11.3 Container grown and in-ground fabric bag grown seedlings��80

11.4 In-ground fabric bag grown seedlings ��80

Table 35. Minimum heights and root lengths for seedling calipers�� 79

Table 36. Minimum calipers for seedling heights* and root lengths�� 79

Table 37. Coniferous evergreen seedlings�� 80

Section 11: Figures & Tables

Section 12: Bulbs, Corms, and Tubers

12.1 General specifications ��81

12.2 Amaryllis��81

12.3 Anenomes��81

12.4 Begonias (tuberous)��81

12.5 Caladiums��82

12.6 Callas ��82

12.7 Cannas��82

12.8 Crocosmia��82

12.9 Crocus��82

12.10 Dahlias ��82

12.11 Freesias ��83

12.12 Gladiolus��83

12.13 Gloxinia (tuberous)��83

12.14 Hyacinths ��83

12.15 Iris - Dutch iris ��84

12.16 Liatris ��84

12.17 Lilies��84

12.18 Muscari (grape hyacinths)��84

12.19	Narcissus and daffodils��84
12.19.1	Double nose�� 85

12.19.2 Round �� 85

12.20 Narcissus - Paper white��86

12.21 Ranunculus ��86

12.22 Tulips ��86

12.23 Tuberoses ��86

Section 13: Herbaceous Perennials, Ornamental Grasses, Groundcovers, and Vines

13.1	General specifications ��87
13.1.1	Types (form in which marketed):�� 87

13.1.2 Propagation methods�� 87

13.2	Herbaceous perennials sold by eye divisions, fans, or rhizomes��87
13.2.1	Astilbe �� 88

13.2.2 Dicentra–Bleeding heart �� 88

13.2.3 Hemerocallis–Daylily �� 88

13.2.4 Hosta ssp. – Funkia�� 89

13.2.5 Iris �� 89

13.2.6 Paeonia - Peony �� 90

13.2.7 Papaver orientale - Oriental poppy�� 91

13.3 Other herbaceous perennials ��91

13.4 Ornamental grasses ��91

13.5 Groundcovers��91

13.6…

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