ATT_02a_Division_31_Earthwork.pdf

1 Division 31 - Earthwork

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

Section 31050- DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL

A. Related Work:

1. Division 2, Section “Clearing, Grading and Excavation”

2. Division 16, Section “Electrical”

B. Requirements:

1. Dust Control- Take appropriate action to check the spread of dust to occupied portions of adjacent buildings. Comply with regulations of air pollution agencies.

2. Protection- Protect existing work which is to remain in place, reused or to remain on property. Items which are to remain and which are damaged during performance of the work will be repaired to their original condition or replaced.

3. Facilities- Protect all electrical and mechanical services and utilities. Where removal of existing utilities and pavement is indicated, provide approved barricades, temporary covering and temporary services or connections.

4. Explosives- Use of explosives will not be permitted.

5. Burning- Burning will not be permitted.

6. Regulations- Comply with all federal, state and Ft. Knox requirements for hauling and disposing of materials.

C. Cleanup:

1. Remove and transport debris and rubbish in a manner that will prevent spillage on streets or adjacent areas. The site will have all debris removed and will be graded to conform to the adjacent area in a manner to provide proper drainage.

End of Section- 31050

2 Division 31 - Earthwork

SECTION 31100- SITE CLEARING

1. SCOPE: The work to be performed hereunder shall consist of furnishing all plant, labor and equipment in connection with the clearing and grubbing.

1.1 Clearing: Clearing shall consist of the felling, trimming, and cutting of trees into sections and the satisfactory disposal of the trees and other vegetation designated for removal, including down timber, snags, brush, and rubbish occurring in the areas to be cleared.

1.2 Grubbing: Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal of stumps, roots larger than 3 inches in diameter, and matted roots from the designated grubbing areas.

2. EXECUTION

2.1 Clearing: Trees, stumps, roots, brush, and other vegetation in areas to be cleared shall be cut off flush with or below the original ground surface, except such trees and vegetation as may be indicated or directed to be left standing. Trees designated to be left standing within the cleared areas shall be trimmed of dead branches 1-1/2 inches or more in diameter and shall be trimmed of all branches the heights indicated or directed. Limbs and branches to be trimmed shall be neatly cut close to the bole of the tree or main branches. Cuts more than 1-1/2 inches in diameter shall be painted with an approved tree wound paint. Trees and vegetation to be left standing shall be protected from damage incident to clearing, grubbing, and construction operations by the erection of barriers or by such other means as the circumstances require. Clearing shall also include the removal and disposal of structures that obtrude, encroach upon, or otherwise obstruct the work.

2.2 Grubbing: Material to be grubbed, together with logs and other organic or metallic debris not suitable for foundation purposes, shall be removed to a depth of not less than 18 inches below the original surface level of the ground in areas indicated to be grubbed and in areas indicated as construction areas under this contract, such as areas for buildings, and areas to be paved. Depressions made by grubbing shall be filled with suitable material and compacted to make the surface conform with the original adjacent surface of the ground.

2.3 Tree Removal: Where indicated or directed, trees and stumps that are designated as trees shall be removed from areas outside those areas designated for clearing and grubbing. This work shall include the felling of such trees and the removal of their stumps and roots as specified in paragraph GRUBBING. Trees shall be disposed of as specified hereinafter in paragraph DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS.

2.4 Disposal of Materials:

2.4.1 Salable Timber: All felled timber from which saw logs, pulpwood, posts, poles, ties, mine props, or cordwood can be produced shall be considered as salable

3 Division 31 - Earthwork timber, and shall be trimmed of limbs and tops, sawed into salable lengths and stockpiled at locations as directed. The disposal of the stockpiled timber will be by the Contractor with proceeds to contractor.

Section 31100- Site Clearing Cont.

2.4.2 Burning or Removing From Site: Logs, stumps, roots, brush, rotten wood, and other refuse from the clearing and grubbing operations, except for salable timber, shall be burned. Refuse to be burned shall be burned at locations as directed and in a manner to prevent damage to existing structures and appurtenances, construction in progress, trees, and other vegetation. The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with all Federal, State and Board laws and regulations and with reasonable practice relative to the building of fires. Accidental loss or damage due to burning or other disposal of refuse and debris shall be the Contractor's responsibility.

2.4.3 Topsoil: Topsoil shall be stockpiled on site. The disposal of excess topsoil shall be by the contractor to original grade prior to project completion.

End of Section- 31100

4 Division 31 - Earthwork

Section 31200- CLEARING, GRADING AND EXCAVATION

A. Related work:

1. Division 2, Section “Asphalt Pavement”

B. Summary:

1. Work will consist of the removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials excavated within limits of construction including road right-of-way, unsuitable

Subgrade materials, and the replacement with satisfactory materials and such excavation as is necessary for berm, inlet, outlet, and lateral drainage ditches and for the formation, compaction, and shaping of all embankment, fills, Subgrade, shoulders, slopes, and roadways to conform to the lines and grades and typical cross-section as indicated.

C. Compaction:

1. Compaction will be in accordance with ASTM D-698 as amended.

D. Borrow Material:

1. Borrow material shall be free of trash, debris, vegetative matter, or other indigenous material. It shall have an optimum, compacted dry unit weight of approximately 120 pcf or greater.

E. Crushed Stone:

1. Crushed stone for foundation preparation or for use as backfill in event of over excavation, shall be uniform, clean and shall conform to ASTM C-33, size no.

57 or size no. 67 or as directed by ESD.

F. Execution:

1. Contractor is responsible for any dewatering required for site grading. The

Contractor will provide and maintain whatever means required for dewatering including ditching, drains, pumping, bailing, and well pointing.

2. Contractor will prevent surface water and subsurface or ground water from flowing into excavations and from flooding project site and surrounding areas.

End of Section- 31200

5 Division 31 - Earthwork

SECTION 31210- EARTHWORK

1. SCOPE: The work to be performed hereunder shall consist of furnishing all plant, labor and equipment and in performing all operations in connection with the earthwork for ditch lines, parking lot & sidewalk subgrade and other related items.

2. EXCAVATION

2.1 Excavation: Excavation of every description, regardless of material encountered, within the grading limits of the project shall be performed to the lines and grades indicated. Satisfactory excavation material shall be transported to and placed in fill areas within the limits of the work. All unsatisfactory material including any soil which is disturbed by the Contractor's operations or softened due to exposure to the elements and water and surplus material shall be disposed of at locations as directed. Excavations carried below the depths indicated, without specific directions, shall, except as otherwise specified, be refilled to the proper grade with satisfactory material as directed. All additional work of this nature shall be at the Contractor's expense. Excavation and filling shall be performed in a manner and sequence that will provide drainage at all times.

Excavations shall be kept free from water while construction therein is in progress. All exposed earth shall be "sealed" with a steel drum roller until the earth is smooth and polished. All efforts will be made to prevent surface & subsurface water from flooding the site or slowing down the project schedule.

2.2 Ditches, Gutters, and Channel Changes: Ditches, gutters and channel changes shall be cut accurately to the cross sections and grades indicated. All roots, stumps, rock, and foreign matter in the sides and bottom of ditches, gutters, and channel changes shall be trimmed and dressed or removed to conform to the slope, grade, and shape of the section indicated. Care shall be taken not to excavate ditches and gutters below the grades indicated. Excessive ditch and gutter excavation shall be backfilled to grade either with satisfactory, thoroughly compacted material or with suitable stone or cobble to form an adequate gutter paving as directed. All ditches and gutters excavated under this section shall be maintained until final acceptance of the work. Material excavated from ditches and channel changes shall be placed in fill areas. No excavated material shall be deposited closer to the edges of the ditches than indicated and in no case less than 3 feet.

2.3 Backfill Adjacent to Structures: Backfill adjacent to structures shall be placed and compacted uniformly in such manner as to prevent wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structures. Slopes bounding or within areas to be backfilled shall be stopped or serrated to prevent sliding of the fill. During backfilling operations and in the formation of embankments, equipment that will overload the structure in passing over and compacting these fills shall not be used. Backfill for storm drains and subdrains, including the bedding and backfill for structures other than culverts and drains, shall conform to the additional requirements in other applicable sections and details.

6 Division 31 - Earthwork

Section 31210- Earth Moving Cont.

2.4 Preparation of Ground Surface for Fill: All vegetation such as roots, brush, heavy sods, heavy growth of grass, and all decayed vegetable matter, rubbish, and other unsatisfactory material within the area upon which fill is to be placed, shall be stripped or otherwise removed before the fill is started. In no case will unsatisfactory material remain in or under the fill area. Sloped ground surfaces steeper than one vertical to four horizontal on which fill is to be placed shall be plowed, stepped, or broken up, as directed, in such manner that the fill material will bond with the existing surface.

Prepared surfaces on which compacted fill is to be placed shall be wetted or dried as may be required to obtain the specified moisture content and density.

2.5 Fills and Embankments: Fills and embankments shall be constructed at the locations and to lines and grades indicated. The completed fill shall conform to the shape of the typical sections indicated or shall meet the requirements of the particular case.

Satisfactory material obtained during excavation may be used in forming required fill.

Fill shall be satisfactory material and shall be reasonably free from roots, other organic material, and trash and from stones having a maximum diameter greater than 6 inches.

No frozen material will be permitted in the fill. Stones having a dimension greater than 4 inches shall not be permitted in the upper 6 inches of fill or embankment. The material shall be placed in successive horizontal layers of 8 inches in loose depth for the full width of the cross section and shall be compacted as specified. Each layer shall be compacted before the overlaying lift is placed. Borrow area shall be off site and to be determined by the Contractor. The contractor shall be responsible for the repair of all damage to the asphalt street and concrete curb as a result of transport of the borrow material. No fill material will be brought on site without written approval of the COR. All off-site material must first be tested by an approved geotechnical firm to determine suitability as an CORed fill. If any material is brought on site without the approval of the COR, the contractor will bear all costs associated with removing the material, testing for contamination, monitoring the clean-up operation, disposal in an approved landfill (if contaminated) and certifying that the site is environmentally clean.

2.6 Compaction: Each layer of the fill or embankment shall be compacted to at least

95 percent of laboratory maximum density. At all times, the directions of the soils COR or qualified testing representative shall be followed. The soils COR shall certify that all fill has been placed in accordance with the fill placement specifications. At least one field density test per lift shall be taken on subgrade for every 2000 square feet of asphalt or concrete paved areas. Copies of all field and laboratory test results shall be forwarded to the COR within one week after tests are completed.

2.7 Finished Excavation, Fills, and Embankments: All areas covered by the project, including excavated and filled sections and adjacent transition areas, shall be uniformly graded. The finished surface shall be reasonably smooth, compacted, and free from

7 Division 31 - Earthwork irregular surface changes. The degree of finish shall be that ordinarily obtainable from blade-grader operations, except as otherwise specified. Ditches and gutters shall be finished to permit adequate drainage. The surface of areas to be turfed shall be finished to a smoothness suitable for the application of turfing materials. For subgrade areas to be paved, the following shall be accomplished as required: (a) soft or otherwise unsatisfactory material shall be replaced with satisfactory excavated material or other approved materials; (b) rock encountered in the cut sections shall be excavated to a depth of 6 inches below finished grade for the subgrade; (c) low areas resulting from removal of unsatisfactory material or from excavation of rock shall be brought up to required grade with satisfactory materials, and the entire subgrade shall be shaped to line, grade, and cross section and shall be compacted as specified. The surface of embankments or excavated areas for road construction or other areas on which a base course or pavement is to be placed shall vary not more than 0.05 feet from the established grade and approved cross section.

2.8 Protection: Newly graded areas shall be protected from traffic and from erosion, and any settlement or washing away that may occur from any cause, prior to acceptance, shall be repaired and grades re-established to the required elevations and slopes. All work shall be conducted in accordance with Board, state and federal environmental laws.

2.9 Undercutting: Shall be considered an unforeseen site condition only when unsuitable material is encountered. The Contractor shall be entitled to a change order.

2.10 Tolerance: Allowable tolerance for street and gutter shall be plus or minus 0.05 feet. All other areas shall be plus or minus 0.10 feet.

End of Section- 31210

8 Division 31 - Earthwork

Section 31240- Dewatering

A. Related Work:

1. Section 02200- Clearing, Grading, and Excavation

B. Summary:

1. Maintain dewatering operations to ensure erosion control, stability of excavations and constructed sloped, that excavation does not flood, and that damage to subgrades and permanent structures is prevented.

C. Execution:

1. Accomplish dewatering without damaging existing buildings adjacent to excavation.

2. Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by others unless permitted by ESD, and then only after temporary utility services have been arranged.

3. Remove dewatering system from Project site on completion of dewatering. Plug or fill well holes with proper fill or cut off and cap wells a minimum of 36” below overlying construction.

4. Promptly repair any damage to adjacent facilities or property caused by dewatering.

End of Section- 31240