Mission Brief.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

20th Space Control Squadron

CHARACTERIZE, RECOGNIZE, RESPOND

UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO

20th Space Control Squadron

MISSION:

Execute multiplatform, tactical space warfighting domain characterization, recognition, and responsiveness to achieve 21 SW/CC and CDRUSSPACECOM intent.

VISION:

DoD's premiere space surveillance operations squadron, driving actionable space domain awareness; planning, operations, and debriefing to achieve national security objectives, today and tomorrow.

Assigned Weapon Systems:

• 1968‐Present: AN/FPS‐85 (Ground‐Based Phased Array Radar)

• 2004‐2013: AN/FPS‐133 (Multi‐Static Surveillance Fence Radar)

• 1980‐1986: AN/FSS‐7 (Modified AN/FPS‐26, Sea Launched Ballistic Missile Site)

• 2016‐Present: GEODSS (Ground Based Electro Optical Deep Space Surveillance System)

• 2017‐Present: Space Fence

20 SPCS Weapon Systems

AN/FPS‐85 AN/FPS‐133 GEODSS AN/FPS‐26 Space Fence

Headquartered at Eglin Site C-6

20 SPCS Det 3 – GEODSS – Maui Space Surveillance

Complex

20 SPCS Det 1 – GEODSS

– White Sands Missile Range

20 SPCS HQ – AN/FPS‐85 –

Eglin AFB Site C‐6

20 SPCS Det 2 – GEODSS

– Naval Support Facility Diego

Garcia

20 SPCS OL‐A –

Space Fence

US Army Garrison Kwajalein Atoll

20 SPCS Det 4 – Space Fence C2 – Redstone Arsenal

6 Sites – 1 Team

20 SPCS Capabilities

AN/FPS‐85

Phased Array Radar

• Daily Observations >55,000

• Ability to increase to >80,000

• Detect and track 200 Near‐Earth satellites simultaneously (golf balls at 300 km)

• 5 objects with SOI collection simultaneously

• Detect and track multiple Deep‐ Space satellites simultaneously (basketballs at 35,000 km)

• Operates 437‐447 MHz

• Utilizes 32 Megawatts of power

• Max Effective Range: >40,000 km

(Geosynchronous Orbit)

• Coverage: 3°‐105° elevation, 120°‐

240° azimuth

• Modify fence parameters to maximize detection probability

• Create custom fences for tactical situations

Space Fence Phased Array Radar

• Daily Observations >500,000

• More than doubles throughput of entire current SSN

• Detect objects 1‐200 cm in size depending on orbital altitude

• LEO: 1 cm or greater

• MEO: basketballs at 35,000 km

• GEO: beach balls at 36,000 km

• Operator constructs mini‐fences

• # dependent on available resources

• Dedicated capability in Southern

Hemisphere

• Low inclination tracking

• High‐interest foreign launch corridor coverage

• Scalable and Expandable for increased capability

GEODSS

Optical Telescopes

• Daily Observations >6,000

• Accounts for 20‐50% of SSN’s daily Deep‐Space objects

• Provides time, elevation, azimuth data

• Detect and track multiple objects simultaneously

• 225 objects/month with SOI

• Chare‐Couple Device (CCD) high‐res camera tracks objects 10,000x dimmer than the human eye can detect

• Max Effective Range: >100,000 km

• Coverage: 2° Field of View

(860 x 1125 km at Geosynchronous Orbit)

SF Sensor Site 1 – Kwajalein

Liquid Cooling System

Calibration Towers

Lightening Rods

Operations Building

Fire Suppression Water Tanks

Site Location

Power Plant Annex (PPA) – Kwajalein

Space Fence Built PPA

SF Operations Center (SOC) – Huntsville, AL

Conference Room

Operations Center

Space Fence FOC GEO Coverage

SF – Unique Capabilities

Surveillance Flexible Coverage Track Catalog Buildup

Detect Miss

Probability of Observation > 99% (plot contains a single dot for each crossing object)

Captures orbital uncertainty

UCT long arc tracks

Known Objects

SS Tracks (Side View)

Object Database Buildup

Nu m be r o f

Time

Catalog buildup reaches steady‐state in just days proving effectiveness of combined coverage, sensitivity and track correlation performance

Scenario Start

2 days into run

Over 90% Successful Correlation

• 24/7 East/West Surveillance Coverage out to 3000 km

• (FOUO) Detects object sizes ≥ 10 cmcubesat

• Task any volume, at any time, anywhere in Field of Regard

• Operator constructs mini‐fences ‐ # is dependent on available resources

• (FOUO) LEO/MEO/GEO/HEO – Detects object sizes 2‐200 cm depending on orbital regime

• Can detect “changes” in orbital patterns of interest to warfighter

• Operator awareness of radar resources in use/available for tasking

Surveillance FenceFlexible Coverage FOR

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Cued Search, GEO

Post-IOC Coherent Integration Upgrade:

– Software only

– Sensitivity increase of over

10x (10 dB)

– Can be used to detect smaller objects at longer ranges as well as detect smaller objects in close proximity to larger objects

• Operator‐defined or machine‐to‐machine tasking from any authorized user

• Flexibility for simultaneous cued search execution

Mission Data: What SF Provides

• Observations

– Time, Elevation, Azimuth, Range, Range Rate (TEARR)

– Estimated uncertainties associated with each TEARR measurement

– Average RCS for each polarization

– RCS uncertainty for each polarization

– Tasking identification (e.g. un‐cued, self‐cued, tasked)

– Duration of track

– Track covariance quality

• Ephemeris

– Special Perturbation (SP) vectors w/Covariance

– Extrapolated General Perturbation (eGP) ELSETs

• Narrowband Signatures – tasked objects only

Intelligence-Driven Operations

• Model for GSUs on tactical intel ops

• Work in conjunction with USSTRATCOM, 21

SW, and 21 OG intel

• Track adversarial launches & SIGACTS

• Coordinate intel support with GSUs/ISRD

• Ensures observation, awareness, and custody for launch observations / SIGACTs

• Full integration into operations, training, and evaluation

• Key role in Advanced Training curriculum development/execution

• Mission Planning, Execution, and Debrief

• Weaponizing Intelligence

• Highlight data on all networks (JWICS, SIRPnet, NIPRnet) relevant to crew mission

• Alert crews to new information on varying networks

• Supports TTP development/execution

(U) Radar image of China’s Space Station Tiangong‐1 re‐entering atmosphere, 2 Apr 2018

Questions?

SF Radar Arrays

Rx Array looking East Rx Array Near Complete

Sensor Site Modular Design

• Provides element level Digital Beam Forming

• Modular & Scalable architecture

• Tx & Rx “on-chip” processing reduces 1000+ cables, receiver and processing assemblies

• Enables swapping of LRU’s during operations

• Site 2 will use the same S/W & H/W

Receiver Bldg Transmitter Bldg

RX LRU TX LRU

GaN HPA

RFIC

Integration Test Bed (ITB)

SF – Exercise, Testing, & Training Capability

• SF will have real-time “Sim-over-Live” functionality that simulates mission ops

– Requires isolation from operational mission string/databases/comms to prevent potential corruption, and all data tagged “test/exercise”

– Normal ops at radar sites & SOC while adding simulated returns to real returns for subsequent mission processing

– Capability includes high fidelity radar simulator to accept satellite scenarios & inject simulated RSO radar returns

– Enables each element to be fully tested with Gov’t approved scenarios generated with either a satellite simulator internal to SF or a Gov’t supplied satellite simulator

• Multiple mission processing strings permit normal ops simultaneously with local Testing/Training

• Off-line, non-real-time scenario generator at SOC