B08_Attach_26_MEVE_218998_FIO_HPG_Final_2023_09_29.pdf

Historic Preservation Guide Chapin Mesa Village Historic District

MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO

Contract # 140P2022D0023

Task Order # 140P2023F0173

September 2023

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Intermountain Region

1 Mesa Verde

Mesa Verde National Park, CO 81330

Prepared for:

National Park Service

Mesa Verde National Park

Contact: Allan Loy

Allan_Loy@nps.gov

PROJECT TEAM:

Architect: Hennebery Eddy Architects

Will Ives, Principal

Heather Crane, Historical Architect

921 SW Washington Street, Suite 250

Portland, OR 97205

Landscape Consultant: DHM Design

Contact: Walker Christensen, Principal, Landscape Architect

Wchristensen@dhmdesign.com

1309 E. 3rd Avenue

Durango, CO 81301

Civil Consultant: Calibre Engineering

Contact: William J. Rapp III, PE, Senior Project Engineer

Wrapp@calibre-engineering.com

8822 S Ridgeline Blvd #310

Highlands Ranch, CO 80129

Structural Consultant: DCI Engineers

Contact: Samantha Fox

Sfox@dci-engineers.com

1060 Fowler Avenue, Suite 202

Bozeman, MT 59718

Mechanical and Plumbing Consultant: 360 Engineering

Contact: Denise M. Dihle. PE, President

Ddihle@360eng.com

751 Pine Ridge Rd, Suite 360

Golden Valley, CO 80403

Electrical and Fire Protection Consultant: Interface Engineering

Contact: Andy Frichtl, PE, Managing Principal

Andyf@interfaceeng.com

100 SW Main St Suite 1600

Portland, OR 97204

Front Cover:

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum Entrance, looking northeast.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Project Overview Historical Background & Significance Report Organization Assessment & Treatment Methodology Recommended Additional Studies

2. Resource Data

Site Map Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Bldg 13)... 23 Quarters 1 Quarters 2 Quarters 3 Quarters 4 Quarters 5 Quarters 6 Quarters 7 Quarters 8 Overall Site

3. Current Conditions

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Bldg 13). 115 Quarters 1 Quarters 2 Quarters 3 Quarters 4 Quarters 5 Quarters 6 Quarters 7 Quarters 8 Site Accessibility Overall Site Overall Site General Architectural Conditions

4. Treatment Guidelines

Requirements for Treatment

Exterior Form & Room Configuration Roofs Chimneys Roof Drainage Vigas & Latillas Exterior Wood Components Exterior Walls Vents Decorative Ladders Windows Exterior Doors Stoops Porches Foundations Pest Management Strategies

Interior Ceilings Interior Walls Interior Woodwork Interior Doors Circulation Fireplaces Floors

Systems Mechanical Systems Plumbing Systems Electrical Systems Exterior Light Fixtures Interior Light Fixtures Telecommunications Fire Protection

National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

Site Water Management Site Utilities Roads Paths Steps & Stairs Patios Landscape Walls Vegetation Views Small-Scale Features

5. Appendix

A | Bibliography B | Maintenance Schedule C | Viga Tail Replacement Methodology (2017). 349 D | Interior Condition Assessment Field Forms.. 393

1. 1 | Introduction

1. Introduction

Introduction1

This section contains historical and administrative background information about Chapin Mesa Village Historic District, project purpose and background, report organization, treatment methodology, and recommended additional studies.

Courtyard garden at Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum, looking south

2 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

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3Introduction

Introduction

View of Headquarters Loop Road, looking south

PROJECT PURPOSE & BACKGROUND

This document was prepared for the National Park Service (NPS) as a Historic Preservation Guide (HPG) for nine historic buildings (the museum and eight houses) and associated historic landscape located on the southern end of Chapin Mesa at Mesa Verde National Park. The buildings are listed in the Cultural Resource Inventory System (CRIS) and are contributing resources to two historic districts: the Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum and Quarters 1 are contributing resources in the Mesa Verde National Park Administrative District NHL, and Quarters 2-8 are contributing resources in the Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (draft nomination).

The museum currently suffers deferred maintenance and outdated systems. The quarters buildings (Quarters 1-8) are in advanced states of deterioration and are crucial housing for required occupancy employees vital for visitor and resource protection.

The purpose of this guide is to provide a project planning and management tool to help the park ensure impending and future projects and maintenance activities meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and Guidelines and Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes.

This HPG was prepared in tandem with Task Order No. 140P2023F0141 to rehabilitate these same buildings. Guidelines for treatment are not specific to the scope of work for the rehabilitation project, but are intended to provide guidance for that project, as well as future projects and maintenance work.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Historic districts are not managed on a resource-by-resource basis, but as an interconnected group that together communicate their history and significance.

Decisions that may impact a single resource within the district are evaluated for potential effects to the whole (adjacent resources and landscape).

The goal of this HPG is to provide historic preservation guidelines for historic buildings and landscapes in the Chapin Mesa Village Historic District that consider the individual resource, as well as the whole of the district. Project objectives are to provide a succinct history of the district, buildings, and landscape development; provide a snapshot of current conditions; and outline preservation best practices, approaches, and treatment guidelines that can be applied to the subject buildings and potentially more broadly in the historic district.

Project Overview

5Introduction

Quarters 1, 1951, looking northwest (Photo provided by NPS)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Overview

Chapin Mesa Village is the headquarters for Mesa Verde National Park.1 Park staff constructed the village between 1916-1939 with most construction taking place between 1920-1935.2 The complex of buildings sits atop the Chapin Mesa plateau and is arranged roughly in a circle with a small oval parking lot marking its center. Headquarters Loop Road runs parallel to the mesa’s edge and bisects the village along its eastern edge, which divides the administrative district to the east from the residential district to the west.

The scope of work includes the Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum and eight historic residences (Quarters 1 through 8) all located atop Chapin Mesa.

These native stone and wood structures were built in the 1920s and 1930s in the Mesa Verde Pueblo Revival (MVPR) style. They are a hallmark of early Mesa Verde architecture and among the earliest examples of the MVPR style.3 The buildings were designed and constructed by park superintendent Jesse Nusbaum, his wife Aileen, and an unknown crew of builders.4

Early History

The importance of Mesa Verde predates Chapin Village by centuries. Indigenous Ancestral Pueblo people resided in the area from approximately 550-1300 C.E. By 1000 C.E., communities were constructing large, multi-story pueblos on the mesa tops, and sandstone dwellings set into the alcoves in the steep canyons.5 These structures remained largely unnoticed between their sudden abandonment in 1300 C.E., when the people left Mesa Verde to migrate south, and their rediscovery and promotion by European-Americans in the 19th century.6 The increase in visitation to Mesa Verde raised concerns of looting and damage to the ruins. In 1906, Congress passed both the Antiquities Act and created Mesa Verde National Park, thus assuring the protection of the site and the artifacts contained within it.7

Chapin Mesa Development

In 1907, shortly after the park was established, Jesse Nusbaum began working at Mesa Verde as a photographer and archeological assistant.8 A Colorado native and budding archeologist, Nusbaum and his wife Aileen developed a relationship with the park. Jesse Nusbaum became the park’s fourth superintendent in 1921.9 He served again as superintendent from 1936-1939, and as Acting Superintendent from 1942-1946. The Nusbaums

Historical Background & Significance

6 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

Historical Background & Significance (cont’d)Introduction developed Chapin Mesa Village during Jesse Nusbaum’s tenure, beginning with the construction of their family’s residence in 1921 (now Quarters 1). In 1923, Nusbaum constructed a water tower at the northern end of the village (now Quarters 8), followed by Quarters 2 and 3 in 1924, the Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum in 1925, and Quarters 5 in 1926. The same year, Aileen Nusbaum oversaw the replacement of the medical tent with a proper hospital at the north end of the village (now Spruce Tree Terrace).10

Projects elsewhere and the death of head mason Frank Mauler explains a gap in construction on Chapin Mesa until 1930, when Nusbaum oversaw Quarters 4 and an addition to Quarters 5.11 Nusbaum began or planned the final two residences, Quarters 7 and 6, before departing Mesa Verde to direct an anthropology lab in Santa Fe. Crews completed the buildings in 1932 and 1933, respectively.12

New Deal Era

1933 began a second era of construction in Chapin Village. New Deal funds provided the park with a large workforce from the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Between 1933-1939, the CCC built garages, additions, and remodeled the interiors of all the existing buildings.13 Although the nature and extent of the work varied by building, the interventions were sympathetic to the architectural language established by the Nusbaums, who continued to consult with the park.14

The CCC also made larger infrastructural improvements to the mesa. In 1935, crews constructed Headquarters Loop Road which cut through the village and provided access to the entire length of the mesa’s perimeter. The new roadway supported a central oval parking lot and improved discrete lanes leading to residences. Sandstone curbs, benches, and walls circumscribed the paved areas and referenced the surrounding architecture.

Other efforts included the improvement of the 1933 tennis court in 1937 and expansion of the stone amphitheater on the western edge of the village in 1939.15

Architectural Context

From the beginning, the village’s architectural language was coherent and unified. Although the Nusbaums’ use of nearby materials was partly a decision of economy, the architecture is sensitive to its context and the natural landscape. The indigenous cliff dwellings, visible from the site, clearly inspired the form and materials of the Chapin Mesa Village buildings. Features such as exposed viga tails, flat roofs, and low parapets associate the Chapin Mesa Village site with other Southwest architecture of the era. The symmetrical arrangement and decorative rustic wood details of the museum auditorium are similar to other auditoriums in the southwest, including the St. Francis auditorium at the New Mexico Museum of Art (1917)16 and the auditorium at the historic visitor center at White Sands National Park (1938).17, 18

Subsequent Alterations

Post-War interventions did not demonstrate the same sensitivity to the original design. Nusbaum left Mesa Verde for the final time in 1946 and retired from the National Park Service (NPS) in 1956.19 The park remodeled many of the residences’ interiors in the 1950s and removed nearly all the original windows for aluminum frames in the 1960s.20 Subsequent interventions included altering interior walls, installing fireplace inserts, and replacing flooring. These alterations occurred on an individual basis and resulted in some loss of integrity in all residences and the museum. The buildings’ exteriors remained largely unaltered. Rehabilitation efforts began in the 1980s and included replacing aluminum replacement windows with new wood windows that were more similar to the original windows (however, the operation type of the new replacement windows did not match the operation type of the original windows).21

7Introduction

More recent efforts have focused on the mitigation of adverse effects and damage, including the replacement of exposed viga tails, system upgrades, and roof repairs.22 In 2011, structural concerns resulted in the demolition of the interiors of Quarters 5 and 6 to conduct foundation repairs. The repairs are incomplete as of 2023 and the residences remain uninhabitable.23 In 2017, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was signed between the park and the Colorado State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) to outline mitigations for the damage caused by non-compliant alterations.24 The MOA is now expired.

SIGNIFICANCE

The village at Chapin Mesa is an outstanding example of the Mesa Verde Pueblo Revival style and NPS Rustic architecture.25 The native materials and siting along the mesa reflect an appreciation for surrounding landscape and history. The buildings reference nearby indigenous architecture and colonial regional architecture but also incorporate stylistic elements of the modern movement. Character-defining features like sandstone walls, exposed viga ceilings, and corner fireplaces honor the specificity of place while the buildings’ program demonstrates their utility for park administration. The harmony among natural elements, regional building practices, and cultural heritage is a hallmark of NPS Rustic architecture and is still evident at Chapin Mesa over a century after its development.

Chapin Mesa also reflects significant events in national legislative policy. The 1906 Antiquities Act, which protected cultural heritage on federal lands, passed in the same month as the creation of Mesa Verde National Park. Chapin Mesa is a reflection of a newly-empowered NPS to protect, interpret, and provide access to resources within the park. Its success is an example of nascent historic preservation policies in the United States that led to the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966.

CCC Improvements to Chapin Mesa also reflect the success of New Deal legislation and national pride in cultural heritage.

HISTORIC DESIGNATIONS

Through “Administrative Listing,” the entirety of Mesa Verde National Park was included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in October 1966.26

In 1978, UNESCO designated the park a World Heritage Site. Chapin Mesa is within the boundary of the designated area, but the significance of the designation pertains to the Ancestral Pueblo archeological sites and not to the Chapin Mesa (or “historic-era” buildings.27

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum and Quarters 1 (Superintendent’s residence) are included within the Mesa Verde Administrative District, which became a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1987.28 The NHL district includes most buildings east of Headquarters Loop Road: Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum, Quarters 1, the post office, chief ranger’s office (previously the community building), park headquarters (previously the administration building), and offices for interpretive staff (originally the ranger dorm, and later the research library).29

The park completed a Cultural Landscape Inventory in 2007 and updated it in 2012.30 In 2021, Bruce Noble and James Steely drafted a Multiple Property Documentation Form and a NRHP nomination for the Chapin Mesa Village Historic District. The nomination boundary includes all other Quarters (2-8), the historic hospital (now concession building), and other historic site features.31 While not yet approved, the district would be a logical and significant expansion the adjacent Administrative District NHL. All buildings within the proposed district are already listed in the Cultural Resource Inventory System (CRIS).32

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SUMMARY OF DESIGNATED RESOURCES IN CHAPIN MESA VILLAGE

Entries with gray text are not included in the scope of this report.

NAME MEVE # TYPE CONSTRUCTION

DATE(S)

CONTRIBUTING? DESIGNATION

Research Library (Ranger’s Club)

9 Building 1925, 1928, 1929, 1932, 1934

Contributing *MVAD, 1987

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum

13 Building 1923, 1936 Contributing MVAD, 1987

Chief Ranger’s Office (Community Building)

14 Building 1927, 1936 Contributing MVAD, 1987

Headquarters (Administration)

15 Building 1923, 1928, 1939 Contributing MVAD, 1987

Post Office 45 Building 1923, 1936 Contributing MVAD, 1987

Quarters 1 1 Building 1921, 1928, 1935 Contributing MVAD, 1987

Quarters 2 2 Building 1930, 1935 Contributing **CMVHD, Quarters 3 3 Building 1924, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Quarters 4 4 Building 1930, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Quarters 5 5 Building 1926, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Quarters 6 6 Building 1933, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Quarters 7 7 Building 1932, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Quarters 8 8 Building 1923, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Hospital (Concession Building)

10 Building 1926 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Fewkes Cabin 12 Building 1916, 1927 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Amphitheater Structure c.1925, 1939 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Tennis Court Structure c.1925, 1937 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Headquarters Loop Road Structure 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Round Parking Lot Structure 1934-1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Internal Lanes Structure 1923, 1935 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

Village District Landscape w/ Trails

Site 1923-1939 Contributing CMVHD, 2021

HVAC Building 231 Building 2004 Noncontributing CMVHD, 2021

SHPO #s for Quarters 1 and Museum - Part of: 5MT9790, 5MT23530 SHPO #s for Quarters 2 through 8 - Part of: 5MT13631, 5MT23530

*Mesa Verde Administrative District National Historic Landmark, 1987

**Chapin Mesa Village Historic District [draft], 2021

9Introduction

ENDNOTES

1. Harrison, “National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Mesa Verde Administrative District.”

2. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

3. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr.

4. Harrison, “National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Mesa Verde Administrative District.”

5. National Park Service, “Foundation Document: Mesa Verde National Park Colorado.”

6. Park and Us, “Important Events in the Development and Preservation of Mesa Verde National Park - Mesa Verde National Park (U.S. National Park Service).”

7. National Park Service, “Foundation Document: Mesa Verde National Park Colorado.”

8. “Jesse Nusbaum (U.S. National Park Service).”

9. “Jesse Nusbaum (U.S. National Park Service).”

10. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

11. Newman and LaFleur, “Mesa Verde Historical Administrative District: An Architectural and Historical Study.”

12. “Jesse Nusbaum (U.S. National Park Service)”; Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

13. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft)”; National Park Service, “‘Q1 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q2 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q3 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q4 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q5 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q6 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q7 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “Quarters #8 Fixed Property Record”; National Park Service, “‘Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory.”

14. “Jesse Nusbaum (U.S. National Park Service).”

15. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

16. New Mexico Museum of Art, “About Us.”

17. NPS, “White Sands National Park History.”

18. Laura Harrison, “Mesa Verde Administrative District,” 6-7.

19. “Jesse Nusbaum (U.S. National Park Service)”; Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

20. National Park Service, “‘Q1 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q2 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q3 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q4 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q5 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q6 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q7 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory.”

21. National Park Service, “‘Q1 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q2 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q3 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q4 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q5 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Q6 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”;

National Park Service, “‘Q7 Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “‘Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum Narrative Description,’ Historic Resources Inventory”; National Park Service, “Quarters #8 Fixed Property Record.”

22. Dickey, “Mesa Verde Viga Tail Replacement Methodology.”

23. Architectural Conservation Laboratory, “Mesa Verde National Park Quarters 5 Historic Structures Report”;

Architectural Conservation Laboratory, “Mesa Verde National Park Quarters 6 Historic Structures Report.”

24. National Park Service and Colorado State Historic Preservation Office, “Memorandum of Agreement Between Mesa Verde National Park and the Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding the Rehabilitation of Quarters #5, Quarters #6, and Quarters #41 in Mesa Verde National Park Montezuma County, Colorado.”

25. “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form:

Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

26. National Park Service, “Cultural Landscapes Inventory:

Headquarters Loop Mesa Verde National Park.”

27. Centre, “Mesa Verde National Park Map.”

28. Hanson, “‘Mesa Verde Administrative District.’ Draft National Historic Landmark Addendum.”

29. Harrison, “National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Mesa Verde Administrative District.”

30. National Park Service, “Cultural Landscapes Inventory:

Headquarters Loop Mesa Verde National Park.”

31. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr., “National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (Draft).”

32. Steely and Noble, Bruce J. Jr.

10 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

11Introduction

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum, loking northeast

This Historic Preservation Guide is divided into four main sections:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION

The introduction discusses the project, historical background, assessment and treatment methodologies, and recommended additional studies.

PART 2: RESOURCE DATA

Part 2 provides a high-level overview of each building and the overall site, including narrative descriptions, site and building plans, construction chronologies, and a list of applicable site and building components.

Character-defining features are noted for each building.

PART 3: CURRENT CONDITIONS

Part 3 documents existing conditions noted at each building and at the overall site. Conditions are documented on exterior elevation diagrams and in narrative format, as applicable. Overall conditions are defined as follows:

• Good: Component is in good, operable condition.

Minimal routine maintenance may be required such as refinishing or cleaning.

• Fair: Component is in sound structural condition with superficial deterioration requiring a low-level repair. Further neglect of condition may result in progression of the material condition to poor.

• Poor: Component is in severe condition experiencing deterioration and/or rot or is at the end of its useful life, rendering the material unsafe or insufficient. Repairs required may include substantial or full component replacement.

PART 4: TREATMENT GUIDE

Each site and building component is assessed in detail in the following sections:

• Component Description, including existing variations, historical configuration, and character-defining status.

• Treatment Guidelines: Guidelines are provided to define criteria for appropriate treatments at each component.

• Maintenance: A table outlines maintenance tasks and their frequency.

PART 5: APPENDIX

The Appendix contains the Bibliography, Maintenance Schedule, Viga Repair Details, and interior condition assessment field forms.

Report Organization

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13Introduction

Hennebery Eddy Architects assessing conditions at Quarters 1, looking west

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

An on-site inspection of the existing conditions and context was carried out by Hennebery Eddy Architects, DHM Design (landscape), DCI Engineers (structural), 360 Engineering (mechanical), and Interface Engineers (electrical & fire) on May 22-25, 2023.

Calibre Engineering (civil) was not in attendance as they were able to gather the information needed during a previous scoping site visit held in October 2022. Access was provided to the site, roofs, exterior, and interior of the buildings. Weather conditions were sunny with a daytime high of 80 degrees F. Visible conditions were photo-documented and recorded using field assessment forms developed for this project. No destructive investigation was undertaken.

Recommendations for overall treatment, use, component treatment, and maintenance align with the preferred ultimate treatment of Rehabilitation and are in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and NPS Cultural Resource Management Guidelines.

Visual Assessment

Exterior building materials and features were visually assessed from the ground and roofs. All readily visible material and feature conditions were documented.

Tablet Technology

Conditions were photo-documented and recorded digitally using mobile tablet technology. Exterior deficiencies were annotated on floor plan and building elevation drawings drafted by Hennebery Eddy Architects.

Non-Destructive Investigation

Non-Destructive Investigation (NDI) methods were used by the assessment team to obtain a higher level of condition data where useful and feasible. NDI findings aided in identifying causes of deterioration, severity, and conditions that might require further destructive investigation. NDI methods that were used on site included:

• Sounding (tap testing)

• Probing

Material & Condition Diagrams

Conditions are diagrammed on existing elevation drawings, summarizing the location and approximate area of observed deficiencies. The diagrams illustrate a majority of the deficiencies but are not all inclusive.

Complete conditions are detailed in the narrative sections for each material and component. Detailed condition mapping recorded during the on-site investigation is also included in the Appendix.

Assessment & Treatment Methodology

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Assessment & Treatment Methodology (cont’d)Introduction

TREATMENT GUIDELINE METHODOLOGY

All treatment and maintenance recommendations in this report are in accordance with the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes.

The Standards pertain to historic buildings of all materials, construction types, sizes, and occupancy and include the exterior and the interior of historic buildings. The Standards also encompass related landscape features and the building’s site and environment, as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction. The Standards for Rehabilitation are as follows:

1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.

3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials.

Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

The Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes provide guidance to cultural landscape stewards and design teams prior to and during the planning and implementation of project work.

Historic and Character-Defining Features

The period of significance for the Chapin Mesa Village Historic District (includes Quarters 2-8), as identified in the draft National Register nomination form dated May 9, 2023, is 1923 - 1939. The periods of significance for the Mesa Verde Administrative District NHL (includes Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum and Quarters 1) are 1900-1924 and 1925- 1949. These periods are used throughout the report to identify features as “historic” or “non-historic.”

Similarly, character-defining features are features that communicate the significance of the property during the identified period of significance.

15Introduction

Assessment & Treatment Methodology (cont’d)Introduction

SCOPE OF RECOMMENDATIONS

This report is intended to provide historical and building data, site and building condition information, and treatment and maintenance guidelines that meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. It is not intended as a construction document. Guidelines require further development and specifications for construction.

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17Introduction

Viga and latilla ceiling at Quarters 1 porch, looking northeast

Recommended Additional Studies

The following additional studies are recommended to inform future rehabilitation work:

MORTAR ANALYSIS

• Analyze mortar samples at multiple locations:

Professional mortar analysis is recommended to determine an appropriate mortar mix at each exterior component. Determine the original mortar formula and identify a compatible modern formula that matches the original in composition, color, and texture. Park staff noted that different mortar mixes have been previously used successfully at different components:

Earthen mortar with added colorant is used under protected porches; Portland cement with colorant is used at exposed parapet caps. The park has recently used pigments from Solomon Colors.

• Document mortar selections: Once appropriate mortar mix is established, mortar mix should be documented on file with both Cultural Resources and Facilities Management.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

• Evaluation of roof structure: Verify the adequacy of all rafter and ceiling joist connections to transfer loads to exterior walls and intermediate bearing members below. Ensure positive connections between framing members and supports below with installation of hardware such as clips and straps. Analyze both the rafters and ceiling joists under design roof dead and snow loads to determine adequacy of existing members.

• Evaluation of log vigas: Analyze log vigas under design loads to evaluate adequacy for supporting roof structure above, where applicable. If log vigas prove to be insufficient for loads from rafters above, new beam supports can be installed within the interstitial roof space to provide bearing supports for rafters above.

• Evaluation of timber lintels: Analyze deflected lintels for design loads and replace with adequate wood or composite steel and wood lintel members as required.

• Assessment of interior footings: At Quarters 5 and 6, evaluate the adequacy of interior concrete footings to support the design of interior bearing wall and column loads and provide additional footings as needed.

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

• Assessment of foundation settlement: Complete geotechnical report to understand if settlement is ongoing. If settlement is ongoing, DCI will work with geotechnical engineer for remediation.

[Complete: Settlement does not appear to be ongoing.]

• Assessment of percolation rate: Test the percolation rate of the soil and depth of existing bedrock to inform the foundation drain design.

[Complete.] https://www.solomoncolors.com/

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Recommended Additional Studies (cont’d)Introduction

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

• Determine what baseboard type (if any) is original and character-defining.

• Determine which style of fireplaces were present in quarters buildings during the period of significance.

• Determine which interior light fixtures are original.

• Determine which wood floors are original.

• Determine whether culverts in the study area are CCC-constructed.

VIDEO INSPECTION

• Video inspection of the storm sewer system is recommended to determine its condition and routing.

• Video inspection of sanitary sewer mains is recommended to determine their condition.

ACCESSIBILITY

• Perform an accessibility study for the Museum and its courtyard. Determine if an accessible route exists (or could be established) from the parking area to the Museum, and if an accessible route can be provided to the courtyard.

OTHER

• Identify wood species at floors.

• Locate existing telecom routing, and inspect existing telecom pedestals and pathways to determine feasibility of use as raceway for new site telecom cabling.

• If addition of a cell tower is desired in the vicinity, require a study to identify an appropriate site.

• If addition of PV infrastructure is desired for power generation, require a study to identify appropriate sites.

1. 1 | Introduction

2. Resource Data

Resource Data2

This section contains background information, physical descriptions, construction history, and diagrams for each building and for the overall site.

View of Quarters 1, looking west

20 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

21Part 2 - Resource Data

Resource Data Site Map

0 100 200100

1000 25 50

CHAPIN MESA

ARCHEOLOGICAL

MUSEUM (BUILDING 13)

QUARTERS 1

SERVICE DRIVE

QUARTERS 2

QUARTERS 3

QUARTERS 4

H

EAD

Q U

ARTERS LO

O

P RO

AD

QUARTERS 5

QUARTERS 6

QUARTERS 7

QUARTERS 8

Note: This map shows only the buildings addressed in this HPG. Other park buildings present within this area are not pictured.

22 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

23Part 2 - Resource Data

Resource Data

DESCRIPTION

A need to protect indigenous artifacts led to the construction of the Museum in 1925. Located on the eastern edge of Chapin Mesa, the building has views of the Spruce Tree House cliff dwelling and canyon similar to Quarters 1. The original building was roughly rectangular with projecting bays to the south, east, and west and a covered entry “portal” porch at the southwest corner. In 1935, the CCC built a large addition to the museum’s north end that included more exhibition spaces, an auditorium, administrative offices, and a basement. The resulting form is irregular with a large central courtyard around the exhibit halls, a secondary entrance at the auditorium, and a multi-story volume defined by the slope of the site. The slope also creates a daylight basement that receives sun from the east.

The Museum has undergone several upgrades and remodels since 1935 but retains most of the character-defining features found in other buildings and residences. Additionally, the Museum contains features and details not included in other park buildings, including: clerestory windows in the double-height auditorium, ornate exposed viga/ latilla interior ceiling in the auditorium, brass zig-zag ventilation grates, and wood zapatas (corbels) framing the exterior portales.

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

FMSS Number: 46066

CRIS Number: 1169371

Dates of Construction: 1925, 1936

Historic Function: Museum

Current Function: Museum

NR Status: Mesa Verde Administrative District National Historic Landmark, Contributing

Museum, looking northeast

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Bldg 13)

Museum, looking west

24 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Bldg 13) (cont’d)Resource Data

Flagstone porch with viga and latilla ceiling, west elevation, looking north

Light fixture on west porch

Museum library, 1941 (Photo provided by NPS)

Fireplace in lobby

Auditorium. The ceiling design and balcony closely match those found in the main room of the museum at White Sands National Park (1938).

Aerial view (Google Earth)

25Part 2 - Resource Data

EXISTING SITE DIAGRAM

D WH

FFLLOOOORR PPLLAANN LLEEGGEENNDD

(E) BRICK WALL

(E) WATER HEATERWH

RADON VENT

(E) WOOD WALL

(E) CONCRETE WALL

(E) STONE WALL

(N) WOOD WALL

REPAIRED AREA/COMPONENT

(N) DOWNSPOUT(N)DS

ROOF SLOPE ( X" RISE / X" RUN)SLOPE

(E) VENT

(E) DOWNSPOUT(E)DS

FFLLOOOORR PPLLAANN NNOOTTEESS

1. SEE SHEET G-003 FOR GENERAL NOTES AND SYMBOLS.

2. SEE DEMOLITION DRAWINGS FOR DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE

INFORMATION.

3. SEE SHEET A901 FOR WINDOW & DOOR SCHEDULE.

4. DIMENSIONS ARE TO FACE OF FINISH (EXISTING WALLS).

5. DIMENSIONS AND REFERENCE TAGS ARE SHOWN ON

ENLARGED PLANS WHEN ENLARGED PLANS ARE PROVIDED.

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TITLE OF SHEETSUB SHEET NO.DESIGNED:

TECH REVIEW:

DATE:

PMIS NO.

SHEET

DRAWING NO.

OF

307/168637

REHABILITATE AND STABILIZE CHAPIN MESA

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES IN MESA

VERDE NATIONAL PARK

DRAWN:

STAMP

PLACEHOLDER

01 - EXISITING FLOOR

PLAN

Checker

Author

Designer

01-AD1.2 218998

6/12/2023

PHASE

SCALE OF FEET

0 4 84

1/4" = 1'-0"

2 BLDG 1 - LEVEL 0 - BASEMENT

Reflects 2023 conditions 300 157.5

26 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

27Part 2 - Resource Data

EXISTING FLOOR PLAN - LEVEL 1

Reflects 2023 conditions

DN

DN

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DN

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(N)D

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SUB SHEET NO.DESIGNED:

TECH REVIEW:

DATE:

DRAWN:

STAMP

PLACEHOLDER

A u to d es k

D o cs T

N P S

M E V E

R eh a b s/ T_ N P S

M E V E

R E H A B A R C .r vt

Checker

Author

Designer

13A 9/6/2023

100% DRAFT SCHEMATIC DESIGN

BLDG 13A - LEVEL 1 - MUSEUM - Sheet 13-AD1.1

COPY 001

120 3 6 scale of feet

28 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

EXISTING FLOOR PLAN - BASEMENT

Reflects 2023 conditions

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BLDG 13 - BASEMENT - MUESUM Copy 1

Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Bldg 13) (cont’d)Resource Data

120 3 6

29Part 2 - Resource Data

CONSTRUCTION CHRONOLOGY

Date Event

1925 Supt. Jesse Nusbaum and wife Aileen Nusbaum build museum. The museum opened in the spring of 1925. A water shortage in 1924 delayed construction.1

1935-36 Building Addition - Large addition built by the CCC at north end on the building, including courtyard, auditorium, north display rooms, offices, and basement.2

After 1936 Carpet was added over the concrete floors of the bookstore (room 21) after 1936.3

After 1936 Interior lintels were painted a light cream color.4

After 1936 The reception area in Exhibit A (room 2) was moved from the east wall to the north wall and low walls between the Lobby (room 1) and Exhibit A (room 2) were removed.5

After 1936 The opening between the Lobby (room 1) and the bookstore (room 21) was narrowed and a door added.6

After 1936 The entry doors to the Lobby (room 1) were replaced after 1936.7

1958 New radiators in Offices No. 1, 2 & 3; New pipelines to run on ceiling of basement.8

Between 1958-1977

Door to Auditorium storage room 16 added.9

1961 New roof structure (steel joist open trusses) above Exhibit E (room 18); Reroof approx. 3-1/4 squares of roof at Office 7; new parapet flashing at Exhibit E and Office 7.10

1963 The original wood frame windows were replaced with aluminum slider windows.11

After 1977 Bathroom partitions were removed and replaced with grab bars.12

After 1977 The stairs from the Lobby (room 1) to the bookstore (room 21) were removed.13

1979 Empire Electric Company installed a new underground service conduit to the museum as part of the cyclic maintenance rewiring program. The museum was rewired. Work included new service, outside disconnect, distribution panel, receptacles, lights and switches. Historic tin chandeliers were rewired and reinstalled. A plastic baseboard wireway was used to put additional receptacles in offices and in the display area, meeting modern lighting and display requirements. The entire interior was replastered where needed and repainted.

Exhaust vents were installed in the diorama room.14

1981 Wood exterior divided-light replacement windows were installed.15

1983 At Exhibit E (room 18): New ceiling structure (double 2x8 stringers); Replace select vigas;

Remove and replace stone masonry as required to install new vigas; Repaint interior walls;

New built-up roof, 2x6 T&G decking, and parapet flashing.16

30 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

Date Event

1983 The museum auditorium was repainted, a false wall removed, original light fixtures reinstalled and generally restored to its condition in the 1930s. A curtain wall was installed at the back of the auditorium to block out light from the entrance doors. Repainting the entire Museum began in the fall. This also includes reestablishing the red border at the floor throughout the building. Lobby informational signs were repainted and refurbished.17

1989 Non-historic aluminum windows replaced with wood casement windows. The replacement casement windows open out instead of in and the muntins are slightly wider than the originals.18

1994 Fire suppression system – relocated environmental control module from the basement to main floor; pipes relocated above the present museum ceiling.19

1995 New fire protection system and electrical upgrades.20

1995 Waterline replacement to interior drinking fountain.21

1997 General Note #1 from plans dated May 2016:

Majority of (E) roof membrane system was installed in 1997 was manufactured by Seal- Dry USA, Inc. It is a 50-mil thickness. Small section of roof was replaced in 2012 with PVC membrane system.22

2012 Roof Area above Exhibit E (room 18): Remove roof covering, replace wood nailers on top chord of open web steel joists, remove flashing at roof vents, remove water damaged structural wood T&G decking, remove fascia boards, remove flashing at parapet walls and chimneys. Install new PVC roof membrane system, cover board, and install new fascia and flashing Entire Roof Area: Repair scuppers.23

2012 Viga Inventory Plan24

2014 Fire suppression system repairs and security/fire/smoke system installed.25

2015 HDPE trench drain installed by direction drill along the north, south and west exterior walls of the museum and the north exterior wall of the courtyard.26

2015 New ventilators routed through basement and auditorium.27

2016 Entire Roof Area (except over Exhibit B (room 18)): Remove roofing membrane system and components including rigid insulation, down to the structural wood T&G decking, remove roof mounted fan and replace with rainproof vent cover, remove flashing at roof vents, remove water damaged T&G decking, remove flashing at parapet walls and chimneys. Install new PVC roof membrane system on 1/2” cover board on 4” Poly ISO rigid insulation (tapered as required), install new flashing at roof penetrations, repair mortar cap, and install new PVC clad metal scupper liner.28

31Part 2 - Resource Data

Date Event

2017 Install circuits, electrical conduit, receptacles, and sensors for a future heat trace system at roof.29

2017-2018 Vigas repaired with epoxy wood consolidant, or replaced with Douglas fir viga tail.30

2023 ABAAS ramps, stairs and railings were added between Exhibit B (room 4) and Exhibit C (room 5), Exhibit D (room 17) and Exhibit E (room 18), and Exhibit G (room 20) and Bookstore (room 21).

Undated Fluorescent lighting was added throughout the museum.

32 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

COMPONENT INDEX

The following building and site components are present at Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum (Building 13).

CDF denotes character-defining features.

Underlined headings are clickable links to the corresponding treatment guidelines.

Exterior Form & Room Configuration CDF

Roofs

• Roof Form & Shape CDF

• Roof & Ceiling Structure CDF*

• Roof Coverings

Chimneys

• Sandstone Chimneys CDF

Roof Drainage

• Canales CDF

• Gutters & Downspouts

Vigas & Latillas

• Vigas CDF

• Latillas CDF

Exterior Wood Components

• Lintels CDF

• Zapatas CDF

• Columns CDF

Exterior Walls

• Mortared Sandstone Walls CDF

• Sandstone Parapets CDF

Vents

• Crawlspace Vents CDF

• Attic Vents CDF

Windows

• Decorative Exterior Wood Window Grilles CDF

• Wood Outswing Replacement Windows

Exterior Doors CDF

Stoops

• Stone Stoops CDF

Porches

• Open Porches CDF

Foundations

• Mortared Sandstone Foundations CDF

Pest Management Strategies

Interior Ceilings

• Plaster Ceilings CDF

• Viga & Latilla Ceilings CDF

• Acoustical Ceiling Tile (ACT)

Interior Walls

• Interior Wall Framing CDF

Interior Woodwork

• Wood Lintels CDF

• Baseboards CDF

• Window & Door Trim CDF

Interior Doors CDF*

Circulation

• Stairs CDF

• Ramps

Fireplaces CDF

Floors

• Floor Structure CDF*

Systems Mechanical Systems

Plumbing Systems

Electrical Systems

Exterior Light Fixtures CDF*

Interior Light Fixtures CDF*

Telecommunications

Fire Protection

*CDF status varies

33Part 2 - Resource Data

Site

See Overall Site (page 103) for additional site components.

Water Management

• Splash Pads

Paths

• Flagstone Paths CDF

• Asphalt Paths CDF

Steps & Stairs

• Stone Steps CDF

• Concrete Stairs

Landscape Walls

• Dry-Stacked Boulder Retaining Walls CDF

• Mortared Retaining Walls CDF

• Free-Standing Stone Walls CDF

Vegetation

• Planted Vegetation from 1920s-30s CDF

• Courtyard Garden at Museum CDF

Small-Scale Features

• Sandstone Curbs CDF

• Boulder Edges CDF

• Light Boxes Along Asphalt Trails CDF

• Monuments

34 National Park Service | HPG - Chapin Mesa Village Historic District | September 2023

35Part 2 - Resource Data

Resource Data Quarters 1

Quarters 1, looking southwestQuarters 1, looking west

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

FMSS Number: 46040

CRIS Number: 1169329

Dates of Construction: 1921, 1928, 1940

Historic Function: Superintendent’s residence

Current Function: Residence

NR Status: Mesa Verde Administrative District National Historic Landmark, Contributing

DESCRIPTION

Jesse Nusbaum constructed Quarters #1 in 1921 with additions in 1928 and 1940. It is the oldest residence in Chapin Mesa and has served historically as the Superintendent’s residence.