NAICS Subsector 331: Primary Metal Manufacturing
Subsector
Definition
Industries in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector smelt and/or refine ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap, using electrometallurgical and other process metallurgical techniques. Establishments in this subsector also manufacture metal alloys and superalloys by introducing other chemical elements to pure metals. The output of smelting and refining, usually in ingot form, is used in rolling, drawing, and extruding operations to make sheet, strip, bar, rod, or wire, and in molten form to make castings and other basic metal products.
Read the full definition
Primary manufacturing of ferrous and nonferrous metals begins with ore or concentrate as the primary input. Establishments manufacturing primary metals from ore and/or concentrate remain classified in the primary smelting, primary refining, or iron and steel mill industries regardless of the form of their output. Establishments primarily engaged in secondary smelting and/or secondary refining recover ferrous and nonferrous metals from scrap and/or dross.
The output of the secondary smelting and/or secondary refining industries is limited to shapes such as ingot or billet that will be further processed. Recovery of metals from scrap often occurs in establishments that are primarily engaged in activities, such as rolling, drawing, extruding, or similar processes. Excluded from the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ferrous and nonferrous forgings (except ferrous forgings made in steel mills) and stampings.
Although forging, stamping, and casting are all methods used to make metal shapes, forging and stamping do not use molten metals and are included in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Establishments primarily engaged in operating coke ovens are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing.
Government contracts for this product: PSC 9660 Precious Metals Primary Forms
Code facts
- Part of
-
- 31-33
- Codes under it
- 5
- Contract awards
- 5,820 In the last 12 months
- Contract obligations
- $2,495,509,466 In FY2025
NAICS codes and definitions come from the U.S. Census Bureau and contract spending from SAM.gov/FPDS.
Contract obligations by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Obligated |
|---|---|
| FY2027 To date | $237,731,014 |
| FY2026 | $3,041,720,546 |
| FY2025 | $2,495,509,466 |
| FY2024 | $2,448,213,686 |
| FY2023 | $3,767,905,676 |
Top contractors by obligations
| Rank | Contractor | Obligated, FY2026–FY2027 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stonex Financial LTD | $1,293,090,698 | |
| 2 | Asahi Refining USA Inc. | $571,611,254 | |
| 3 | Glencore LTD. | $451,063,187 | |
| 4 | Wieland Rolled Products North America, LLC | $180,590,240 | |
| 5 | PMX Industries, Inc. | $137,349,203 | |
| 6 | Cbmm North America, Inc. | $100,145,490 | |
| 7 | Cliffs Steel Inc. | $99,990,000 | |
| 8 | Coins \'N Things, Inc. | $80,539,292 | |
| 9 | United States Antimony Corporation | $47,378,195 | |
| 10 | A-Mark Precious Metals, Inc. | $46,073,890 |
See the full FY2025 ranking of NAICS 331 contractors, by parent company.
Top funding agencies by obligations
| Rank | Agency | Obligated, FY2026–FY2027 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Department of the Treasury | $2,390,144,181 | |
| 2 | Defense Logistics Agency | $838,987,050 | |
| 3 | Department of Veterans Affairs | $15,129,080 | |
| 4 | Department of the Navy | $12,482,443 | |
| 5 | Department of the Army | $11,295,611 | |
| 6 | Department of Homeland Security | $4,269,091 | |
| 7 | Department of Justice | $1,684,327 | |
| 8 | Air Force | $1,521,331 | |
| 9 | Department of the Interior | $805,625 | |
| 10 | General Services Administration | $798,458 |
Top PSC codes by obligations
| Rank | PSC code | Obligated, FY2026–FY2027 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9660 Precious Metals Primary Forms | $2,073,465,271 | |
| 2 | 9650 Nonferrous Base Metal Refinery and Intermediate Forms | $522,326,318 | |
| 3 | 9535 Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Foil: Nonferrous Base Metal | $328,281,863 | |
| 4 | 9640 Iron and Steel Primary and Semifinished Products | $201,641,434 | |
| 5 | 9630 Additive Metal Materials | $51,636,401 | |
| 6 | 9930 Memorials; Cemeterial and Mortuary Equipment and Supplies | $15,129,080 | |
| 7 | 4710 Pipe, Tube and Rigid Tubing | $11,738,901 | |
| 8 | 6145 Wire and Cable, Electrical | $9,493,004 | |
| 9 | 9515 Plate, Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Leaf | $8,541,320 | |
| 10 | 5450 Miscellaneous Prefabricated Structures | $6,410,429 |
Contract obligations by state
| Rank | Place of performance | Obligated, last 12 months | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Utah | $532,715,251 | |
| 2 | New York | $502,206,733 | |
| 3 | Kentucky | $156,356,670 | |
| 4 | Indiana | $130,321,296 | |
| 5 | Iowa | $117,167,115 | |
| 6 | Texas | $102,071,644 | |
| 7 | Massachusetts | $82,969,532 | |
| 8 | California | $48,101,746 | |
| 9 | Montana | $47,374,938 | |
| 10 | Pennsylvania | $38,134,707 | |
| 11 | Florida | $18,368,154 | |
| 12 | Illinois | $10,309,672 | |
| 13 | Virginia | $8,444,246 | |
| 14 | Nevada | $4,903,524 | |
| 15 | Connecticut | $4,813,690 | |
| 16 | New Jersey | $3,357,829 | |
| 17 | Michigan | $2,732,317 | |
| 18 | Oklahoma | $2,597,181 | |
| 19 | Arizona | $2,421,484 | |
| 20 | Ohio | $2,058,577 | |
| 21 | Maryland | $1,748,686 | |
| 22 | Wisconsin | $1,505,039 | |
| 23 | Washington | $1,241,740 | |
| 24 | Nebraska | $1,229,795 | |
| 25 | Georgia | $1,157,572 | |
| 26 | Tennessee | $1,091,853 | |
| 27 | Minnesota | $896,998 | |
| 28 | Alabama | $665,267 | |
| 29 | Louisiana | $614,809 | |
| 30 | Arkansas | $610,881 | |
| 31 | Maine | $444,417 | |
| 32 | Oregon | $413,829 | |
| 33 | Missouri | $236,043 | |
| 34 | South Dakota | $133,142 | |
| 35 | Wyoming | $127,260 | |
| 36 | Idaho | $114,648 | |
| 37 | Colorado | $83,450 | |
| 38 | New Hampshire | $75,678 | |
| 39 | New Mexico | $56,000 | |
| 40 | District of Columbia | $40,058 | |
| 41 | North Dakota | $35,238 | |
| 42 | South Carolina | $34,637 | |
| 43 | North Carolina | $11,668 | |
| 44 | West Virginia | $8,958 | |
| 45 | Delaware | $7,480 | |
| 46 | Vermont | $4,794 |
Show all 46
Shares are of everything obligated under NAICS 331 in the last 12 months before deobligations, including work performed abroad or with no place of performance on record.
Contract opportunities
Show 40 more
Latest 50 of 24,204 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Codes under 331
Quick answers
What is NAICS 331?
NAICS 331 is Primary Metal Manufacturing, a subsector in NAICS 31-33, Manufacturing.
What codes are under NAICS 331?
NAICS 331 has 5 codes under it with their own GovTribe pages, including 3311 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing, 3312 Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel and 3313 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing.
How much do federal agencies spend under NAICS 331?
Federal contracts under NAICS 331 obligated $2,495,509,466 in fiscal year 2025 and $11,991,080,389 in fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
Who are the largest contractors under NAICS 331?
The contractors with the most obligated under NAICS 331 in fiscal years 2026 and 2027 are Stonex Financial LTD ($1,293,090,698), Asahi Refining USA Inc. ($571,611,254) and Glencore LTD. ($451,063,187).
Which agencies buy the most under NAICS 331?
The agencies that obligated the most under NAICS 331 in fiscal years 2026 and 2027 are Department of the Treasury ($2,390,144,181), Defense Logistics Agency ($838,987,050) and Department of Veterans Affairs ($15,129,080).
Which PSC codes are used with NAICS 331?
The PSC codes with the most obligated under NAICS 331 in fiscal years 2026 and 2027 are 9660 Precious Metals Primary Forms; 9650 Nonferrous Base Metal Refinery and Intermediate Forms; and 9535 Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Foil: Nonferrous Base Metal.
Where is the work under NAICS 331 performed?
By place of performance, the states with the most contract obligations under NAICS 331 over the last 12 months are Utah ($532,715,251), New York ($502,206,733) and Kentucky ($156,356,670).
What is the latest contract opportunity under NAICS 331?
The latest contract opportunity under NAICS 331 is Lid, filter BB end, solicitation from Construction and Equipment (DLA), posted November 11, 2026.
On GovTribe
See everything under NAICS 331
- Federal contract opportunities, awards and IDVs under this code
- Funding analysis by contractor, agency and set-aside
- Contacts who buy under this code
- Ask GovTribe AI about this code