Amendment 0004 - OU6 Final Remedial Investigation Report (Vol 1 and 2).pdf

RI02967F

FINAL

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION

VOLUME I OF II

RAYMARK - OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

Note: This Report includes revisions to EPA’s previous April 2004 Remedial Investigation Report

RESPONSE ACTION CONTRACT (RAC), REGION I

For U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

By Tetra Tech NUS, Inc.

EPA Contract No. 68-W6-0045 EPA Work Assignment No. 112-RICO-01H3

TtNUS Project No. N4106

June 2005

TETRA TECH NUS, INC.

SDMS DocID 242203

June 2005

Readers, please note:

This document, Raymark - 0 U 6 - Additional Properties, Final Remedial Investigation Report dated June 2005 is an update to a report with the same title dated April 2004.

The April 2004 report was updated because additional sampling was performed at three properties: DPW Lot, 35 Third Ave, and 251 East Main Street. This additional sampling was done in an effort to further delineate areas at these properties that had been found to contain waste from Raymark.

This June 2005 update contains all of the original findings contained in the original April 2004 report. The only changes that have been made are the updated data and related text, figures, and tables. Pages in this update that have been revised are denoted with a "-R" suffix in the file name at the very bottom left of each revised page.

The above information is provided in an attempt to address any confusion over the two versions of this report. The April 2004 report should be considered obsolete. It has not been referenced in any way in this update.

This updated report, Raymark - 0 U 6 - Additional Properties, Final Remedial Investigation Report dated June 2005 is a complete summary of all available information and is the final report for this operable unit.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION

RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

ACRONYMS

ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... E-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Purpose of Report ......................................................................................1-1

1.2 Report Organization ................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Background ................................................................................................ 1-3

1.3.1 History of Raymark Facility and Environs ................................... 1-3

1.3.2 Raymark Superfund Site Description and Setting....................... 1-5

1.3.3 Other Raymark Related Activities ...............................................1-6

2.0 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OU6 STUDY AREA................................................. 2-1

2.1 Identification of Properties..........................................................................2-2

2.2 Definition of Raymark Waste...................................................................... 2-3

2.3 Raymark Waste Area .................................................................................2-7

2.4 Physical Characteristics of the OU6 Study Area......................................2-10

2.4.1 Surface Features and Land Use ............................................... 2-10

2.4.2 Surficial Geology.......................................................................2-11

2.4.3 Climate .....................................................................................2-12

2.5 Nature and Extent of Contamination – General Approach.......................2-13

2.5.1 Potential Sources of Contamination ......................................... 2-13

2.5.2 Overview of Chemical Compounds Detected ...........................2-14

2.5.3 Background Concentrations .....................................................2-18

2.5.4 Approach for Evaluating Analytical Results ..............................2-19

2.6 Contaminant Fate and Transport – General Approach ............................2-20

2.6.1 Fate and Transport of Contaminants in Soils .......................... 2-22

2.7 Human Health Risk Assessment..............................................................2-25

2.7.1 Overview of the Risk Assessment Process .............................. 2-27

2.7.2 Data Evaluation Methodology ...................................................2-29

2.7.3 Exposure Assessment ..............................................................2-36

2.7.4 Toxicity Assessment ................................................................. 2-51

2.7.5 Risk Characterization Methodology ..........................................2-57

2.7.6 Uncertainties Analysis .............................................................. 2-62

2.8 Ecological Risk Evaluation ....................................................................... 2-71

2.8.1 General Ecological Setting ....................................................... 2-72

3.0 PROPERTY EVALUATIONS................................................................................3-1

3.1 Lockwood Avenue Property ....................................................................... 3-2

3.1.1 Property Description ................................................................... 3-2

3.1.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................. 3-2

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)

RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

3.1.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination............................................ 3-4

3.1.4 Fate and Transport ...................................................................... 3-8

3.1.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment................................... 3-8

3.1.6 Ecological Evaluation................................................................. 3-22

3.1.7 Summary.................................................................................... 3-22

3.2 200 Ferry Boulevard.................................................................................. 3-24

3.2.1 Property Description .................................................................. 3-24

3.2.2 Physical Characteristics............................................................. 3-24

3.2.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination.......................................... 3-26

3.2.4 Fate and Transport .................................................................... 3-29

3.2.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment................................. 3-29

3.2.6 Ecological Evaluation................................................................. 3-37

3.2.7 Summary.................................................................................... 3-37

3.3 230 Ferry Boulevard ................................................................................. 3-39

3.3.1 Property Description .................................................................. 3-39

3.3.2 Physical Characteristics............................................................. 3-40

3.3.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination.......................................... 3-42

3.3.4 Fate and Transport .................................................................... 3-45

3.3.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................ 3-46

3.3.6 Ecological Evaluation................................................................. 3-56

3.3.7 Summary ................................................................................... 3-57

3.4 250 Ferry Boulevard ................................................................................. 3-58

3.4.1 Property Description .................................................................. 3-58

3.4.2 Physical Characteristics............................................................. 3-58

3.4.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination.......................................... 3-60

3.4.4 Fate and Transport .................................................................... 3-64

3.4.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................ 3-64

3.4.6 Ecological Evaluation................................................................. 3-74

3.4.7 Summary ................................................................................... 3-74

3.5 280 Ferry Boulevard ................................................................................. 3-76

3.5.1 Property Description .................................................................. 3-76

3.5.2 Physical Characteristics............................................................. 3-77

3.5.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination.......................................... 3-78

3.5.4 Fate and Transport .................................................................... 3-82

3.5.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................ 3-83

3.5.6 Ecological Evaluation................................................................. 3-93

3.5.7 Summary ................................................................................... 3-93

3.6 300 Ferry Boulevard ................................................................................. 3-95

3.6.1 Property Description .................................................................. 3-95

3.6.2 Physical Characteristics............................................................. 3-95

3.6.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination.......................................... 3-97

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

3.6.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-101

3.6.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-101

3.6.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-111

3.6.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-111

3.7 Lot Behind 326 Ferry Boulevard ..............................................................3-113

3.7.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-113

3.7.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-113

3.7.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-115

3.7.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-119

3.7.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-120

3.7.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-129

3.7.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-130

3.8 Vacant Lot at Housatonic Avenue ............................................................3-131

3.8.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-131

3.8.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-131

3.8.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-133

3.8.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-137

3.8.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-137

3.8.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-148

3.8.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-148

3.9 326 Ferry Boulevard..................................................................................3-150

3.9.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-150

3.9.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-150

3.9.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-151

3.9.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-154

3.9.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-155

3.9.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-163

3.9.7 Summary ..................................................................................3-164

3.10 576 East Broadway ..................................................................................3-165

3.10.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-165

3.10.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-166

3.10.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-167

3.10.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-171

3.10.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-171

3.10.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-182

3.10.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-182

3.11 600 East Broadway ...................................................................................3-184

3.11.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-184

3.11.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-184

3.11.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-186

3.11.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-190

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

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SECTION PAGE

3.11.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-190

3.11.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-200

3.11.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-201

3.12 Vacant DOT Lot Abutting I-95 .................................................................3-202

3.12.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-202

3.12.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-202

3.12.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-204

3.12.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-207

3.12.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-208

3.12.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-217

3.12.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-218

3.13 CT Right-of-Way .......................................................................................3-219

3.13.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-219

3.13.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-220

3.13.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-221

3.13.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-224

3.13.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-225

3.13.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-239

3.13.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-239

3.14 304 East Main Street.................................................................................3-241

3.14.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-241

3.14.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-241

3.14.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-243

3.14.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-246

3.14.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-247

3.14.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-256

3.14.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-257

3.15 340 East Main Street.................................................................................3-258

3.15.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-258

3.15.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-258

3.15.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-260

3.15.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-262

3.15.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-263

3.15.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-272

3.15.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-272

3.16 380 East Main Street ................................................................................3-273

3.16.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-273

3.16.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-273

3.16.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-274

3.16.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-277

3.16.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-278

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

3.16.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-284

3.16.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-284

3.17 250 East Main Street ................................................................................3-286

3.17.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-286

3.17.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-286

3.17.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-288

3.17.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-291

3.17.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-291

3.17.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-300

3.17.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-301

3.18 DPW Lot ...................................................................................................3-302

3.18.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-302

3.18.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-303

3.18.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-304

3.18.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-307

3.18.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-307

3.18.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-315

3.18.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-315

3.19 251 East Main Street ................................................................................3-316

3.19.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-316

3.19.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-316

3.19.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-317

3.19.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-320

3.19.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-321

3.19.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-326

3.19.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-326

3.20 Beacon Point Area ....................................................................................3-327

3.20.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-327

3.20.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-328

3.20.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-329

3.20.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-332

3.20.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-333

3.20.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-343

3.20.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-344

3.21 1 Beacon Point Road ...............................................................................3-345

3.21.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-345

3.21.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-345

3.21.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-347

3.21.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-350

3.21.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-350

3.21.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-360

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

3.21.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-361

3.22 Airport Property North of Marine Basin .....................................................3-362

3.22.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-362

3.22.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-362

3.22.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-364

3.22.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-367

3.22.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-367

3.22.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-377

3.22.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-377

3.23 Wooster Park ............................................................................................3-378

3.23.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-378

3.23.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-378

3.23.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-380

3.23.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-383

3.23.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-383

3.23.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-394

3.23.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-394

3.24 Third Avenue Property ..............................................................................3-395

3.24.1 Property Description ..................................................................3-395

3.24.2 Physical Characteristics.............................................................3-395

3.24.3 Nature and Extent of Contamination..........................................3-396

3.24.4 Fate and Transport ....................................................................3-400

3.24.5 Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment ................................3-401

3.24.6 Ecological Evaluation.................................................................3-411

3.24.7 Summary ...................................................................................3-411

4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..........................................................................4-1

4.1 Nature and Extent of Contamination Summary.............................................4-1

4.1.1 Nature of the Contamination..........................................................4-1

4.1.2 Extent of Contamination ................................................................4-2

4.1.3 Asbestos ........................................................................................4-2

4.1.4 Dioxins ...........................................................................................4-2

4.1.5 Metals ............................................................................................4-3

4.1.6 Pesticides ......................................................................................4-3

4.1.7 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) .................................................4-3

4.1.8 Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) .................................4-3

4.1.9 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) ............................................4-4

4.2 Contaminant Fate and Transport Summary..................................................4-4

4.3 Risk Assessment Summary ..........................................................................4-5

4.3.1 Human Health Risk Assessment ..................................................4-5

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

SECTION PAGE

4.3.2 Ecological Risk Evaluation.............................................................4-8

4.4 Conclusions.................................................................................................4-80

TABLES

NUMBER

1-1 List of Commercial Properties

2-1 Chemical Compounds Used or Handled at the Raymark Facility

2-2 Summary of Background Concentrations in Soil

3-1 Lockwood Avenue Property - Soil Analytical Results

3-2 200 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-3 230 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-4 250 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-5 280 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-6 300 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-7 Lot behind 326 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-8 Vacant Lot at Housatonic Avenue - Soil Analytical Results

3-9 326 Ferry Boulevard - Soil Analytical Results

3-10 576 East Broadway - Soil Analytical Results

3-11 600 East Broadway - Soil Analytical Results

3-12 Vacant DOT Lot Abutting I-95 - Soil Analytical Results

3-13 CT Right-of-Way - Soil Analytical Results

3-14 304 East Main Street - Soil Analytical Results

3-15 340 East Main Street - Soil Analytical Results

3-16 380 East Main Street - Soil Analytical Results

3-17 250 East Main Street - Soil Analytical Results

3-18 DPW Lot - Soil Analytical Results

3-19 251 East Main Street - Soil Analytical Results

3-20 Beacon Point Area - Soil Analytical Results

3-21 1 Beacon Point Road - Soil Analytical Results

3-22 Airport Property North of Marine Basin - Soil Analytical Results

3-23 Wooster Park - Soil Analytical Results

3-24 Third Avenue Property - Soil Analytical Results

4-1 Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards

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RAYMARK – OU6 – ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

FIGURES

NUMBER

Site Locus

Location of Properties

Property Evaluation Flow Chart

Flow Chart for Identifying Raymark Waste in Soil

Lockwood Avenue Property

200 Ferry Boulevard

230 Ferry Boulevard

250 Ferry Boulevard

280 Ferry Boulevard

300 Ferry Boulevard

Lot Behind 326 Ferry Boulevard

Vacant Lot at Housatonic Avenue

326 Ferry Boulevard

576 East Broadway

600 East Broadway

Vacant DOT Lot Abutting I-95

CT Right-of-Way

304 East Main Street

340 East Main Street

380 East Main Street

250 East Main Street

DPW Lot

251 East Main Street

Beacon Point Area

1 Beacon Point Road

Airport Property North of Marine Basin

Wooster Park

Third Avenue Property

1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-24

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Appendix A - Boring Logs Appendix B - Human Health Risk Evaluation Appendix C - Analytical Results Appendix D – Field Investigations

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ACRONYMS

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry AVS/SEM acid volatile sulphide/simultaneously extractable metals bgs below ground surface CDD chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins CDF chlorinated dibenzofurans CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CLP contract laboratory program cm centimeter COPC chemicals of potential concern CSI comprehensive site investigation CSF cancer slope factor CT DEC Connecticut Direct Exposure Criteria CT DEP Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection CT DPHAS Connecticut Department of Public Health and Addiction Services CT PMC Connecticut Pollutant Mobility Criteria CT RSR Connecticut Remediation Standard Regulation DABS Dermal Absorption Factors DHHS Department of Health and Human Services dL Deciliter DNAPL dense non-aqueous phase liquid DOT Department of Transportation DPW Department of Public Works ECG electrocardiograph ELI Environmental Laboratories, Inc.

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPC exposure point concentrations ERA ecological risk assessment ESI expanded site inspection FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FID flame ionization detector FRW fraction of property estimated to contain Raymark waste FS Feasibility Study GA/GAA State of Connecticut Classification for Drinking Water source GB State of Connecticut Classification for Non-drinking Water source GC/ECD gas chromatograph with electron capture detection GPR ground penetrating radar GPS Global Positioning System HEAST Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables HHEM Human Health Evaluation Manual HHRA human health risk assessment HI hazard index HQ hazard quotient IEUBK Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model ILCR incremental lifetime cancer risk IRIS Integrated Risk Information System kg kilogram LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level µg microgram

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ACRONYMS (cont.)

MEP multiple extraction procedure mg milligram mph miles per hour NAPL non-aqueous phase liquid NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan NERL New England Regional Laboratory NESHAP National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NGVD

NOAA

NOAEL

NTCRA

OSWER

OU

PAH

PCB

PID

ppb ppm

PRG

RAF

RAGS

RCRA

RfC RfD

RI

RME

ROD

SARA

SAS

SPLP

SRI

SSL

SVOC

TAL

TCDD

TCL

TCLP

TEF

TERC

TEQ

TOC

TtNUS

UCL

USGS

VOC

VSP

XRF

yr

National Geodetic Vertical Datum National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration no observed adverse effect level Non-time critical response action Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response operable unit polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon polychlorinated biphenyl photoionization detector parts per billion parts per million preliminary remediation goal relative adsorption factor Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Resource Conservation and Recovery Act reference concentration reference dose remedial investigation reasonable maximum exposure Record of Decision Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act special analytical services synthetic precipitation leaching procedure Strategic Redevelopment Initiative soil screening level semi-volatile organic compound target analyte list 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin target compound list toxicity characteristic leaching procedure toxicity equivalence factor Total Environmental Restoration Contract toxicity equivalent total organic carbon TetraTech NUS upper confidence limit United States Geological Society volatile organic compound vertical sampling program x-ray fluorescence year

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ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Remedial Investigation (RI) report for the Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund Site – Operable

Unit (OU) 6 - Additional Properties Study Area has been prepared by Tetra Tech NUS, Inc. (TtNUS), as authorized by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Work Assignment No. 112-

RICO-01H3, Contract No. 68-W8-0045. This RI report presents the findings of field investigations undertaken over a 10-year period (1993-2003) to locate additional properties in Stratford, CT that may or may not contain Raymark waste. The results of these field investigations have identified 24 properties that have been impacted by waste from the former Raymark Facility. A comprehensive

Feasibility Study (FS) identifying the cleanup options being considered for these 24 properties and other areas within the Raymark site will be issued as a separate document.

This RI report is structured as follows: Section 1 provides background information regarding the overall Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund Site; Section 2 discusses the establishment of the OU6 study area, including an explanation of the Raymark waste definition; Section 3 is a property-by-property presentation of the sampling information and location of Raymark waste on each of the 24 properties; and Section 4 is a summary of the RI report. This RI report was developed for soils contamination and does not include assessment of other media, such as sediments, surface water, and groundwater.

The interpretation of the data and information compiled for each of the 24 properties included in this

RI report indicates that:

• In addition to the Raymark waste indicator contaminants (chysotile asbestos, lead, and either copper or polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs) - Aroclor 1268 only), fill throughout the OU6 study area is also contaminated with volatile organic contaminants (VOCs), semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs), pesticides, other PCBs, dioxins, furans, and metals.

• Although contamination is ubiquitous across the OU6 study area, the contaminants and concentrations are not uniformly distributed, due, primarily, to irregular dumping practices.

The sample location maps in Section 3 identify the estimated Raymark waste areas on each of the 24 properties.

• Asbestos is present at concentrations greater than 1% at all 24 properties. This fact alone may be sufficient to justify remedial actions. The presence of pavement and vegetative

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cover at most of the OU6 properties reduces the potential inhalation exposures to asbestos;

however, disturbances of asbestos-containing soil through digging will increase the potential for airborne asbestos exposures and associated inhalation risks. This underscores the importance of avoiding disturbances of asbestos-containing soils prior to remediation and using health protective measures during remediation. Asbestos was not quantified as part of the estimated potential risks to human health.

• Potential risks to human health from estimated areas of Raymark waste are in excess of EPA acceptable limits or levels of concern based on estimates of hazard indices, cancer risk, and/or modeled blood lead levels at 14 of the 24 properties. Cancer risks at 6 additional properties fall within EPA’s target risk range of 10-4 to 10-6.

• Although no quantitative ecological risk assessment was performed as part of this RI, based on available data, minimal ecological risk is assumed for the properties within the OU6 study area, assuming erosion and migration of wastes are controlled.

A small number of additional properties still need to be investigated as the result of access issues at specific properties that were previously included in the over 200 properties evaluated initially as part of OU6. These properties will be evaluated in the future by EPA to determine the potential presence of Raymark waste.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Remedial Investigation (RI) Report (report) evaluates the nature and extent of contamination in the soils from 24 properties that resulted from past disposal practices of the Raymark Industries, Inc.

Facility (former Raymark Facility or Facility), located in Stratford, Fairfield County, Connecticut

(Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1). Tetra Tech NUS, Inc. (TtNUS) prepared this report for the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under a Response Action Contract (RAC) Work Assignment

No. 112-RICO-01H3, Contract No. 68-W6-0045, to partially fulfill the requirements for Raymark

Operable Unit No. 6 (OU6) – Additional Properties. This RI report was developed based on the approved Draft Work Plan Option Period, June 2001, and approved Draft Work Plan, Amendment

No. 2, July 2002, and subsequent amendments.

As requested by EPA, this RI incorporates information compiled in the Final Area I Remedial

Investigation, Raymark – Ferry Creek OU3 (TtNUS, October 1999b), the Draft Final Area II Remedial

Investigation, Raymark – Ferry Creek OU3 (TtNUS, November 2000a) and the Draft Final Area III

Remedial Investigation, Raymark – Ferry Creek OU3 (TtNUS, November 2000b). Additional efforts to evaluate groundwater contamination beneath and downgradient of the former Raymark Facility are being conducted by TtNUS under Raymark - Operable Unit No. 2 (OU2-Groundwater), Work

Assignment No. 126-RICO-01H3. This RI was prepared in accordance with the Interim Final

Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies under CERCLA (EPA, 1988), and is consistent with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

(SARA); and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP).

1.1 Purpose of Report

This report documents the investigations performed, and evaluates the nature and extent of soil contamination, and associated public health and environmental risks, within 24 properties where waste from the former Raymark Facility has come to be located. Figure 1-2 identifies the location of each of these 24 properties, and Table 1-1 lists the 24 properties.

The purpose of this report is to provide the documentation necessary to support a Feasibility Study

(FS) and the selection of a source control remedy in a Record of Decision (ROD).

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The overall objectives of this RI report are to:

Compile and evaluate applicable soil data needed to characterize the conditions at each property and to determine the nature and extent of contamination in the soil impacted by waste from the Raymark Facility;

Evaluate the risks to human health and the environment at each property;

Use existing information to summarize ecological conditions at the properties, where available; and

Serve as the data resource for developing, screening, and evaluating a range of potential alternative remedial actions that address the contamination within the OU6 study area and support a comprehensive Feasibility Study.

1.2 Report Organization

This report contains a discussion of investigation activities, results, and interpretations, references, tables, and figures for each property, and appendices. Appendix A contains the boring logs, Appendix B contains supplemental and backup data for the Human Health Risk Evaluation, and

Appendix C contains the analytical data used to produce this report. Appendix D contains a discussion of the field investigations associated with this OU6 RI.

This report is organized as follows:

Section 1, Introduction, discusses the purpose and scope of the report, summarizes the background and history of the Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund Site, and presents the physical characteristics of the overall Raymark Superfund site.

Section 2, Establishment of the OU6 Study Area, presents the identification of properties evaluated, the development of the definition of Raymark waste, the description of the

Raymark waste area used for each property, a physical description of the general setting of the area around the properties, and the general approach for identifying the nature and

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extent of contamination, determining the fate and transport mode of contaminants, and assessing the human health and ecological risks within the study area.

Section 3, Property Evaluations, presents a discussion of the physical characteristics of each of the 24 properties included in the OU6 study area, the known nature and extent of contamination on each property, the fate and transport of that contamination, and the estimated potential risks to human health and the environment.

Section 4, Summary and Conclusions, summarizes Section 3 and states conclusions reached about the contaminated areas for each property.

1.3 Background

This section summarizes the history of the former Raymark Facility, describes the Raymark

Superfund Site, and identifies other activities associated with the former Raymark Facility. Refer to the OU1 Final Remedial Investigation Report (HNUS, 1995) for further details on Facility operating history, environmental activities, permits, and compliance history.

1.3.1 History of Raymark Facility and Environs

The Raymark Facility, formerly named Raybestos - Manhattan Company, was located at 75 East

Main Street in Stratford, Fairfield County, Connecticut, at latitude 41o12’02.5”N and longitude 73 o

07’14.0”W (see Figure 1-1). The Raymark Facility operated from 1919 until 1989, when the manufacturing plant was shut down and permanently closed; however, the property was not cleaned up until 1997. A remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) for the Raymark Facility was completed in 1995 (HNUS, 1995). Subsequent to the completion of the RI/FS, EPA designated the facility as Operable Unit No. 1 (OU1). In 1996 and 1997, as part of the property cleanup activities, the Facility buildings were demolished and a permanent cap was placed over the contaminated areas on the property. Based on Stratford tax map information, the Facility occupied 33.4 acres.

Raymark manufactured friction materials containing asbestos and non-asbestos components, metals, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and various adhesives. Primary products were gasket material, sheet packing, and friction materials including clutch facings, transmission plates, and brake linings.

As a result of these activities, soils at the Facility were contaminated primarily with asbestos, lead, copper, and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs).

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During the facility’s 70 years of operation, it was common practice to dispose of manufacturing waste as “fill” material both at the Raymark Facility, as well as at various locations in Stratford. The manufacturing wastes from various plant operations were used to fill low-lying areas on-site to create additional space for facility expansion. Based on aerial photographs and reported knowledge of site activities, on-site disposal occurred between 1919 and 1984, and progressed essentially from north to south, across the Raymark Facility. As a result of disposal of these manufacturing wastes on the property, soils at the facility became contaminated primarily with asbestos, lead, copper, and PCBs.

New buildings and parking areas were constructed over these filled areas as the manufacturing facility expanded. Raymark also offered manufacturing wastes as “free fill” to employees, residents, and the town.

The Raymark Facility was underlain by an extensive manmade drainage network. Water and wastes from the manufacturing operations were collected and diverted into the facility drainage system, which also collected stormwater runoff. These liquids were transported through the drainage system network, mixed with lagoon wastewaters, and then discharged to Ferry Creek.

Solids were allowed to settle in Lagoon Nos. 1, 2, and 3 prior to discharge of clarified wastewater and unsettled solids to Lagoon No. 4. Lagoon No. 4 discharged directly into Ferry Creek. Discharge of wastewater to Lagoon Nos. 1, 2, and 3 ceased in 1984. These lagoons were closed in December

1992 and January 1993. During the fall of 1994, stormwater drainage that had exited the Raymark

Facility through Lagoon No. 4 was diverted around this lagoon and connected directly to the storm sewer. The storm sewer ultimately discharged to Ferry Creek. Lagoon No. 4 was closed in early

1995, prior to the placement of the permanent cap over the property.

During the operation of the lagoons, the settled material in the lagoons was periodically removed by dredging. During the facility's 70 years of operation, it was common practice to dispose of both this dredged lagoon waste and other manufacturing waste as fill material (referred to as waste in this report) both at the Raymark Facility and at various locations in Stratford. Several of the locations that received waste are included within the area designated as the OU6 study area for this RI report

(Figure 1-2).

A number of these off-the-facility locations, where Raymark waste was disposed, were contaminated with asbestos, lead, PCBs, and/or other contaminants at levels that posed a potential threat to public

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health. To abate the potential health threat to residential properties, residential locations were remediated under EPA CERCLA time-critical removal actions during 1993 to 1996. The excavated material from these residential locations was placed under a permanent cap at the Raymark Facility.

Raymark waste identified at one municipal property, Wooster Middle School, was also excavated, stored, and ultimately placed under a permanent cap at the former Raymark Facility. Additional properties have been identified as locations where Raymark waste was disposed; these 24 properties are the subject of this RI report.

Based on this information, EPA listed the former Raymark Facility and properties that contain waste from the Raymark Facility, on the National Priorities List (NPL) on January 18, 1994. Listing on the

NPL authorizes the expenditure of CERCLA funds. The property was granted a final listing status on

April 25, 1995.

1.3.2 Raymark Superfund Site Description and Setting

Contaminated areas associated with Raymark Superfund Site have been divided into nine operable units. EPA created these nine operable units (OUs) to help manage the cleanup process. The nine operable units are as follows:

OU1 Raymark Facility

OU2 Groundwater

OU3 Upper Ferry Creek and Surrounding Wetlands

OU4 Raybestos Memorial Field

OU5 Shore Road Area

OU6 Additional Properties Study Area

OU7 Lower Ferry Creek, Selby Pond, and Housatonic River wetlands

OU8 Beacon Point Area and Elm Street Wetlands

OU9 Short Beach Park and Stratford Landfill

The area identified as the OU6 study area includes 24 properties impacted by waste from the former

Raymark Facility (see Section 2.1 for a discussion on the establishment of the OU6 study area).

These properties are not all contiguous to each other and are scattered, mainly along the eastern edge of Stratford, running north to south (see Figure 1-2). The OU6 study area encompasses a total of 157.1 acres (see Table 1-1). Fourteen of the 24 properties identified in this RI report were

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previously evaluated within the areas described in the Raymark – Ferry Creek (OU3) investigations.

The OU3 evaluations did not evaluate properties individually, rather the 14 properties were included in the larger areas identified as A-1, A-2, and A-3 in the Final Area I Remedial Investigation, Raymark – Ferry Creek (OU3) (TtNUS, 1999b); Area B in the Ferry Creek OU3 Draft Final RI, Area II

(TtNUS, 2000a); and Area D in the Ferry Creek OU3 Draft Final RI, Area III (TtNUS, 2000b). These

OU3 investigations evaluated these 14 properties as part of a larger investigation of soil and sediments around them. EPA subsequently decided to divide its efforts into soil-only properties and sediment-only areas. This meant that the 14 properties included as part of OU3 were re-evaluated individually as part of the soil-only evaluation under this OU6 RI report. The remaining 8 properties included in this OU6 RI report are outside of the Ferry Creek OU3 study area and are located throughout the town.

Three water bodies in the OU6 study area abut some of the 24 properties: the Housatonic River, Ferry Creek, and Bruce Brook. Each is located on Figure 1-2 and on the appropriate Section 3 figures.

1.3.3 Other Raymark Related Activities

On-going activities in the vicinity of the Raymark Superfund Site that are related to the investigations conducted to support this RI include:

Raymark Facility Closure (OU1) – Raymark waste from residential properties was brought back to the former Raymark Facility and placed under a permanent cap by EPA under the

U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Total Environmental Restoration Contract (TERC) in 1997. A soil vapor extraction system is in place to capture the bulk of the volatile organic contaminants (VOCs), especially toluene, remaining under the cap. A dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) extraction system is removing separate phase NAPL (predominately

1,1,1-trichloroethane), which is collected in the sump portion of several extraction wells.

This property is now privately owned, and has been redeveloped as a shopping center.

Operation and maintenance activities are being conducted by the Connecticut Department of

Environmental Protection (CT DEP).

Groundwater RI Activities (OU2) – An RI is being prepared for Raymark - OU2 to evaluate groundwater contamination under and downgradient of the former Raymark Facility. The

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OU2 RI is being conducted concurrently with this OU6 RI. A Draft RI for the OU2 RI was submitted to EPA in November 2000 (TtNUS, 2000c). Additional groundwater investigations were completed in the spring and summer of 2003. A revised RI report will be issued during the winter/spring 2004 with a separate FS for OU2 to follow shortly thereafter.

Raymark Ferry Creek RI Activities (OU3) – This operable unit encompasses the areas also known as OU7 and OU8. Three RIs (OU3 (Final), OU7 (Draft Final), and OU8 (Draft Final)) were completed in 1999, 2000, and 2000, respectively (TtNUS, 1999b, 2000a, and 2000b).

This OU will be included in a comprehensive FS for OU3 (including OU7 and OU8),…