Appendix_K_-_FGS-GL_(Environmental_Protection).pdf

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

for

Environmental Protection by

United States Forces in Greenland

(FGS-GL)

Prepared By

Headquarters Air Force Space Command Department of Defense Environmental Executive Agent for Greenland

24 July 2003

GREENLAND

Final Governing Standards ii July 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................... ii

APPENDICES and TABLES ............................................................................................................. iv

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. vi

C1. CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW ................................................................................................1-1

C1.1. Scope and Applicability ...........................................................................................1-1 C1.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................1-2 C1.3. Testing....................................................................................................................1-2 C1.4. Responsibilities .......................................................................................................1-2 C1.5. Waivers ..................................................................................................................1-3 C1.6. General Provisions ...................................................................................................1-3 C1.7. Environmental Executive Agent ...............................................................................1-4

C2. CHAPTER 2 - AIR EMISSIONS.........................................................................................2-1

C2.1. Scope......................................................................................................................2-1 C2.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................2-1 C2.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................2-2

C3. CHAPTER 3 - DRINKING WATER....................................................................................3-1

C3.1. Scope......................................................................................................................3-1 C3.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................3-1 C3.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................3-3

C4. CHAPTER 4 - WASTEWATER..........................................................................................4-1

C4.1. Scope......................................................................................................................4-1 C4.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................4-1 C4.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................4-3

C5. CHAPTER 5 - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL .........................................................................5-1

C5.1. Scope......................................................................................................................5-1 C5.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................5-1 C5.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................5-2

C6. CHAPTER 6 - HAZARDOUS WASTE................................................................................6-1

C6.1. Scope......................................................................................................................6-1 C6.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................6-1 C6.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................6-2

C7. CHAPTER 7 - SOLID WASTE............................................................................................7-1

C7.1. Scope......................................................................................................................7-1 C7.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................7-1 C7.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................7-3

Final Governing Standards iii July 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Page

C8. CHAPTER 8 - MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT..........................................................8-1

C8.1. Scope......................................................................................................................8-1 C8.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................8-1 C8.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................8-2

C9. CHAPTER 9 - PETROLEUM, OIL AND LUBRICANTS.....................................................9-1

C9.1. Scope......................................................................................................................9-1 C9.2. Definitions ..............................................................................................................9-1 C9.3. Criteria ....................................................................................................................9-2

C10. CHAPTER 10 - NOISE - RESERVED............................................................................... 10-1

C11. CHAPTER 11 - PESTICIDES............................................................................................ 11-1

C11.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 11-1 C11.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 11-1 C11.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 11-2

C12. CHAPTER 12 - HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES............................................ 12-1

C12.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 12-1 C12.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 12-1 C12.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 12-2

C13. CHAPTER 13 - NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ...................... 13-1

C13.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 13-1 C13.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 13-1 C13.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 13-1

C14. CHAPTER 14 - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ....................................................... 14-1

C14.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 14-1 C14.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 14-1 C14.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 14-2

C15. CHAPTER 15 - ASBESTOS.............................................................................................. 15-1

C15.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 15-1 C15.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 15-1 C15.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 15-1

C16. CHAPTER 16 - RADON - RESERVED............................................................................. 16-1

C17. CHAPTER 17 - LEAD-BASED PAINT ............................................................................. 17-1

C17.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 17-1 C17.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 17-1 C17.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 17-3

C18. CHAPTER 18 - SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING............................... 18-1

C18.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 18-1 C18.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 18-1 C18.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 18-2

Final Governing Standards iv July 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Page

C19. CHAPTER 19 - UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS..................................................... 19-1

C19.1. Scope.................................................................................................................... 19-1 C19.2. Definitions ............................................................................................................ 19-1 C19.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 19-2

APPENDICES

C20. CHAPTER 20 - APPENDIX 1 (AP1) - CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

AND LISTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS................... 20-1

C21. CHAPTER 21 - APPENDIX 2 (AP2) - DETERMINATION OF WORST CASE

DISCHARGE PLANNING VOLUME............................................................................... 21-1

TABLES

Table C2.T1. Emission Standards for N/SM Steam Generating Units.........................................2-5 Table C2.T2. Class I and II Ozone Depleting Substances..........................................................2-5 Table C3.T1. Surface Water Treatment Requirements ..............................................................3-9 Table C3.T2. Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency............................................................... 3-10 Table C3.T3. Inorganic Chemical MCLs ............................................................................... 3-11 Table C3.T4. Inorganics Monitoring Requirements ................................................................ 3-12 Table C3.T5. Recommended Fluoride Concentrations at Different Temperatures..................... 3-13 Table C3.T6. Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper Water Quality Parameters.......... 3-13 Table C3.T7. Synthetic Organic Chemical MCLs................................................................... 3-14 Table C3.T8. Synthetic Organic Chemical Monitoring Requirements ...................................... 3-16 Table C3.T9. Total Trihalomethane Monitoring Requirements................................................ 3-16 Table C3.T10. Radionuclide MCLs and Monitoring Requirements............................................ 3-17 Table C3.T11. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 0.5ºC or Lower . 3-18 Table C3.T12. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 5.0ºC ................ 3-20 Table C3.T13. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 10ºC ................. 3-22 Table C3.T14. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 15ºC ................. 3-24 Table C3.T15. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 20ºC ................. 3-26 Table C3.T16. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 25ºC ................. 3-28 Table C3.T17. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine ..................................... 3-30 Table C3.T18. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chlorine Dioxide ....................... 3-30 Table C3.T19. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine Dioxide pH 6-9 ............. 3-30 Table C3.T20. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Ozone ....................................... 3-30 Table C3.T21. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Ozone......................................... 3-31 Table C3.T22. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chloramine pH 6-9 .................... 3-31 Table C3.T23. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Chloramine ........................................ 3-31 Table C3.T24. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by UV.................................................... 3-31 Table C4.T1. Components of Total Toxic Organics..................................................................4-9 Table C4.T2. Monitoring Requirements................................................................................. 4-10 Table C4.T3. Best Management Practices.............................................................................. 4-11

Final Governing Standards v July 2003

TABLES (continued)

Page Table C5.T1. Typical Hazardous Materials Characteristics .......................................................5-4 Table C8.T1. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Infectious Medical Waste ............................8-5 Table C13.T1. Threatened and Endangered Animals ................................................................ 13-3 Table C13.T2. Threatened and Endangered Plants.................................................................... 13-7 Table AP1.T1. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for the Toxicity Characteristic ........... 20-5 Table AP1.T2. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for Non-Wastewater ......................... 20-6 Table AP1.T3. Listed Hazardous Wastes from Non-Specific Sources ........................................ 20-7 Table AP1.T4. List of Hazardous Waste/Substances/Materials ................................................ 20-11

Final Governing Standards vi July 2003

REFERENCES

(a) DoD 4715.5-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document (OEBGD),” 15 March

(b) EUCOM Directive 80-1, “Environmental Security,” 6 January 2001

(c) DoD Instruction 4715.5, "Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations,"

April 22, 1996

(d) Executive Order 12344, "Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program," February 1, 1982

(e) Section 7158 of title 42, United States Code

(f) Executive Order 12114, "Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions," January 4,

(g) DoD Instruction 4715.4, "Pollution Prevention," June 18, 1996

(h) DoD 8910.1-M, “DoD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements,” June 1998

(i) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 141.26(b), "Monitoring Frequency for Radioactivity in

Community Water Systems," current edition

(j) DoD 6050.5-H, "Department of Defense Hazardous Chemical Warning Labeling System," January

(k) Defense Logistics Agency Instruction 4145.11, Army Technical Manual 38-410, Naval Supply

Publication 573, Air Force Joint Manual 23-209, and Marine Corps Order 4450.12A, "Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials," January 13, 1999

(l) Air Force Joint Manual 24-204, Army Technical Order 38-250, Naval Supply Publication 505, Marine Corps Order P4030.19E, and Defense Logistics Agency Manual 4145.3, "Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments," March 1, 1997

(m) DoD Directive 6050.7, "Environmental Effects in the United States of DoD Actions," March 31,

(n) DoD 4160.21-M, "Defense Materiel Disposition Manual," August 18, 1997, authorized by DoD 4140.1-R, "Department of Defense Materiel Management Regulation," May 1998

(o) DoD Instruction 6050.5, "DoD Hazard Communication Program," October 29, 1990

(p) DoD Directive 4001.1, "Installation Management," September 4, 1986

(q) Naval Facility Manual of Operation-213, current Air Force Policy, and Army Technical Manual

5-634, "Solid Waste Management," May 1990

(r) DoD 4150.7-M, "DoD Pest Management Training and Certification Manual," April 24, 1997

(s) Military Handbook 1028/8A, "Design of Pest Management Facilities," November 1, 1991

(t) DoD Instruction 6055.1, "DoD Occupational Safety and Health Program,” August 19, 1998

(u) DoD Instruction 6055.5, “Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health,” January 10, 1989

(v) Chapter 53 of Section 2643 of title 15, United States Code

(w) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 763, "Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools," current edition

(x) DoD Instruction 4715.8, “Environmental Remediation for DoD Activities Overseas,” February 2, GREENLAND-1 Overview

Final Governing Standards 1-1 July 2003

C1. CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. Scope and Applicability

C1.1.1. The primary purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide specific standards for environmental protection at Department of Defense (DoD) installations, facilities, and activities in Greenland. It has been prepared by Headquarters United States Air Force Space Command (HQ AFSPC), as the DoD Environmental Executive Agent, to meet the requirements of DoD Instruction

4715.5. These FGS are based primarily upon the generally accepted environmental standards for DoD installations in the U.S., but also take into account U.S. legal obligations in Greenland as well as generally applicable host nation environmental standards. These FGS are designed to serve as a single and complete source of the environmental protection practices U.S. forces must follow at their installations in Greenland.

C1.1.2. The Greenland Home Rule (GHR) Authority has the primary role for environmental protection in Greenland. Base staff should coordinate all correspondence with the GHR Authority with AFSPC/CEV. Requests for environmental information from the GHR and Denmark should be coordinated with AFSPC/CEV. Base staff should notify AFSPC/CEV when either the GHR or Denmark access the base to do an environmental inspection. Also, the U.S. and Denmark have signed bilateral agreements which impose additional requirements on waste disposal. Base staff should notify AFSPC/CEV on waste disposal issues prior to contacting GHR, to ensure all U.S. treaty obligations are met.

C1.1.3. This publication’s predecessor, “Final Governing Standards for Environmental Protection by United States Forces in Greenland,” September 1994, is hereby canceled.

C1.1.4. These FGS are effective upon issuance and are mandatory by all DoD Components, pursuant to DoD Instruction 4715.5. Each component with personnel stationed in a foreign country has issued the appropriate regulations to make compliance with these standards an enforceable military duty. The Heads of the DoD Components may only issue supplementary standards when deemed necessary to provide for unique requirements within their organizations.

C1.1.5. This document does not apply to:

C1.1.5.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices and other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.1.5.2. Leased, joint use and similar facilities to the extent that DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

C1.1.5.3. Operations of U.S. military vessels or the operations of U.S. military aircraft, or off-installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas, and when United States forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the United States. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives and Instructions, and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. However, these Standards apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and U.S. military

Final Governing Standards 1-2 July 2003 aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material;

C1.1.5.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under E.O. 12344 and conducted pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 7158;

C1.1.5.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by DoD's past activities, conducted in accordance with DoD Instruction 4715.8; and, C1.1.5.6. Environmental analyses conducted under E.O. 12114.

C1.2. Definitions

For purposes of these FGS, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.2.1. Existing facility. Any facility and/or building, source or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.2.2. Environmental Executive Agent. United States Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), Peterson AFB, Colorado Springs, USA.

C1.2.3. Host Nation. Throughout this document the term "host nation" refers to Greenland.

C1.2.4. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.2.5. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C1.3. Testing. Testing is often called for in the FGS. When no specific testing protocol is specified, any Danish or U.S. method recognized by appropriate professional or technical organizations may be used.

When a specific method is called for, that method will be used unless the Environmental Executive Agent approves an alternate method. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement the FGS should normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a U.S. or Danish authority for the applicable test method. In the absence of a laboratory that has been so certified, laboratory analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has established reliable compliance with quality assurance standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

C1.4. Responsibilities. The responsibilities for developing and maintaining these FGS are described below. These responsibilities are further outlined in DoD Instruction 4715.5.

C1.4.1. Headquarters European Command (EUCOM) will:

C1.4.1.1. Approve the FGS document; and

C1.4.1.2. Resolve any disputes between other DoD Components and the DoD Environmental Executive Agent regarding the FGS.

C1.4.2. The DoD Environmental Executive Agent for Greenland, HQ AFSPC, will:

C1.4.2.1. Develop and maintain the FGS in accordance with DoD Instruction 4715.5;

Final Governing Standards 1-3 July 2003

C1.4.2.2. Distribute the FGS and any subsequent amendments or guidance to the service components and DoD agencies with installations in Greenland;

C1.4.2.3. Forward a copy of revised FGS via EUCOM to the Military Departments and the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installations and Environment [DUSD(IE)] for information;

C1.4.2.4. Consult with host nation authorities on environmental issues, as required to maintain effective cooperation on environmental matters;

C1.4.2.5. Resolve requests for waivers from DoD Components; and

C1.4.2.6. Keep DoD Components informed of current environmental developments and trends.

C1.4.3. DoD Components will:

C1.4.3.1. Ensure that actions by DoD Components at installations in Greenland, as well as planning, budgeting, programming, and execution, comply with these standards;

C1.4.3.2. Designate Component Commanders or other officials who are authorized to apply for waivers or initiate appeals; and

C1.4.3.3. Attain compliance with the FGS using pollution prevention as the preferred means where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements.

C1.5. Waivers. If compliance with these FGS at particular installations or facilities would seriously impair operations, adversely affect relations with Greenland authorities, or require substantial expenditure of funds at an installation that has been identified for closure or at an installation that has been identified for a realignment that would remove the requirement, a DoD Component may ask the Environmental Executive Agent to waive the particular standard. Waivers are not required if compliance projects have been programmed by the service components but remain unfunded. Waivers may not be granted to standards if noncompliance would constitute a breach of applicable U.S. law with extraterritorial effect or applicable international agreements. A description of the waiver process is provided below. These procedures are further outlined in DoD Instruction 4715.5 and EUCOM Directive 80-1.

C1.5.1. The installation commander will forward waiver requests to the Environmental Executive Agent via the Component chain of command. Waiver requests should specify, at a minimum:

C1.5.1.1. The particular standard for which a waiver is requested;

C1.5.1.2. The extent of the relief requested and the period that the waiver will be in effect;

C1.5.1.3. The anticipated impact of the waiver, if any, on human health and the environment or relations with Greenland authorities over the period of the waiver; and

C1.5.1.4. The justification for the waiver and if a complete waiver of the standard is requested, why a partial and/or temporary deviation would not be sufficient.

C1.5.2. The Environmental Executive Agent will consult with the relevant DoD Components and USEUCOM and grant or deny the request for waiver in whole, in part, or conditionally. Waivers may require periodic reviews and reporting. Where the waiver or deviation is from a host nation standard, the DoD Environmental Executive Agent should normally consult through the appropriate U.S. Diplomatic

Final Governing Standards 1-4 July 2003

Mission (or other agencies established by applicable international agreements) with the responsible host nation authority.

C1.5.3. In the event the EEA denies a waiver, the DoD Component may appeal to DUSD(IE) for reconsideration.

C1.6. General Provisions. These FGS do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, the DoD, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although the FGS refers to other DoD Directives and Instructions, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in DoD Instruction 4715.5. These FGS do not change other DoD Directives or Instructions or alter DoD policies.

C1.7. Environmental Executive Agent

C1.7.1. The DoD Environmental Executive Agent for these FGS is the HQ AFSPC Civil Engineer.

Waiver requests should be sent to:

The AFSPC Civil Engineer 150 Vandenberg Street, Suite 1105 Peterson AFB, CO 80914-4150

C1.7.2. Questions or comments pertaining to this FGS should be directed to the HQ AFSPC/CEV staff at:

Foreign Country Environmental Programs Manager

HQ AFSPC/CEVC

150 Vandenberg Street, Suite 1105 Peterson AFB, CO 80914-4150

Telephone:

DSN: 692-5291

Commercial: (719) 554-5291

Fax:

DSN: 692-3849

Commercial: (719) 554-3849

C1.7.3. These FGS are available on the DoD Internet address: www.denix.osd.mil.

GREENLAND-2 Air Emissions

Final Governing Standards 2-1 July 2003

C2. CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. Scope

This Chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of “Solid Waste” are contained in Chapter 7, “Spill Prevention and Response Plans” in Chapter 18, and “Radon” in Chapter 16 (RESERVED).

C2.2. Definitions

C2.2.1. Coal Refuse. Waste products of coal mining, cleanings and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm, gob, etc.) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.2. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soils and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.3. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.4. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

C2.2.5. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.6. Motor Vehicle . Any commercially-available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.7. New Source. Any facility/building, source or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.2.8. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Those substances listed in Table C2.T2.

C2.2.9. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.10. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.11. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

Final Governing Standards 2-2 July 2003

C2.2.12. Steam generating unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.13. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.14. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent generating solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.15. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. Criteria

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards for New or Substantially Modified (N/SM) Units. The following criteria apply to N/SM units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater or equal to 10 million Btu/hr.

C2.3.1.1.1. N/SM steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in Table C2.T1. At all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For N/SM units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel.

Use this data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO 2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide

(CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring for N/SM Units. N/SM steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or NOX standards in C2.T1. must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than 30 million Btu/hr: Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil-fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than 100 million Btu/hr: Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.2. Incinerators. The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting hazardous waste, or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6 for information regarding hazardous waste disposal.

C2.3.2.1. Incinerators (Non-medical). All N/SM incinerators that have the capacity to burn more than 50 tons per day (tpd) must be designed to meet the following particulate standard: 0.18 grams per dry standard cubic meter (g/dscm) (0.08 grains per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf)) corrected to 12 percent CO2.

Final Governing Standards 2-3 July 2003

C2.3.2.2. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All N/SM sewage sludge incinerators that burn more than 1 tpd of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.3. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to new and existing units. These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Existing sources must comply by 15 March 2005. Refer to Chapter 8 for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.3.1. All new and existing MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP).

C2.3.2.3.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber

C2.3.2.3.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 1400-1600°F.

C2.3.2.3.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 1800-2200°F.

C2.3.2.3.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds.

C2.3.2.3.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to new and existing dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

Existing sources must comply by 15 March 2003.

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from existing PCE dry cleaning machines, at installations that use more than 2000 gallons per year of PCE (installation wide) in their dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, or, if already installed, a carbon absorber. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All new PCE dry cleaning systems must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. The following standards apply to new and existing tanks. Existing sources must comply by 15 March 2003.

C2.3.4.1. Ventilation exhaust from new and existing tanks must be controlled by a wet scrubber, composite mesh-pad eliminator, fiber bed filter, or equivalent control device capable of limiting emissions to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm). Control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Alternatively, in lieu of control devices, decorative chromium and chromium anodize tanks may use chemical tank additives to prevent the surface tension from exceeding 45 dynes per

Final Governing Standards 2-4 July 2003 centimeter provided that the surface tension is monitored prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to new and existing solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5 percent by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01- 6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents. Existing sources must comply by 15 March 2003. (Note: 1,1,1-trichloroethane is an ozone depleting substance that will eventually be phased out of existence.)

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1" water layer or a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

C2.3.6. Units Containing an Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) Listed in Table C2.T2. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS from refrigeration and fire suppression equipment.

C2.3.6.1. ODS Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs or services to appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment, operated by trained personnel.

C2.3.6.2. ODS Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Do not intentionally release any class I or class II ODS refrigerant in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.3. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Do not intentionally release halons into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does not apply to the following halon releases:

C2.3.6.3.1. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.3.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.3.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available;

release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality; failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and, a simulant agent cannot be used.

Final Governing Standards 2-5 July 2003

C2.3.7. Motor vehicles. This criteria applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.6.

C2.3.7.1. Inspect all vehicles every two years to ensure that no one has tampered with the factory-installed emission control equipment.

C2.3.7.2. If available on the local economy, use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

Table C2.T1. Emission Standards for N/SM Steam Generating Unitsa

Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity 10 – 100 million BTU/hr Size >100 million BTU/hr

Fuel Type PM Opacityb SO2 c PM Opacityb SO2 c NOX d

Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20 Gaseous - Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50 Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50e 0.10 20% 0.80 0.30 Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70 Other Solid Fuel f 0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards do not apply during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a six-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one six-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel sulfur content.

SO2 emissions (lb/ million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing at least 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/ million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight percent) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

F. OTHER SOLID FUELS INCLUDE WOOD OR WASTE DERIVED

Final Governing Standards 2-6 July 2003

Table C2.T2. Class I and II Ozone Depleting Substances

Class I CFC - 11 CFC - 114 CFC - 215 Halon - 1211 CFC - 12 CFC - 115 CFC - 216 Halon - 1301 CFC - 13 CFC - 211 CFC - 217 Halon - 2402 CFC - 111 CFC - 212 CFC - 500 Carbon Tetrachloride CFC - 112 CFC - 213 CFC - 502 Methyl Chloroform CFC - 113 CFC - 214 CFC - 503 Methyl Bromide Class II

HCFC - 21 HCFC - 133 HCFC - 226 HCFC - 243

HCFC - 22 HCFC – 141(b) HCFC - 231 HCFC - 244 HCFC - 31 HCFC – 142(b) HCFC - 232 HCFC - 251

HCFC - 121 HCFC - 221 HCFC - 233 HCFC - 252

HCFC - 122 HCFC - 222 HCFC - 234 HCFC - 253

HCFC - 123 HCFC - 223 HCFC - 235 HCFC - 261

HCFC - 124 HCFC - 224 HCFC - 241 HCFC - 262

HCFC - 131 HCFC - 225 HCFC - 242 HCFC - 271

HCFC - 132

GREENLAND-3 Drinking Water

Final Governing Standards 3-1 July 2003

C3. CHAPTER 3

DRINKING WATER

C3.1. Scope

This Chapter contains criteria for providing potable water.

C3.2. Definitions

C3.2.1. Action Level. The concentration of a substance in water that establishes appropriate treatment for a water system.

C3.2.2. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater component commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues necessary to provide safe drinking water at the component’s installations.

C3.2.3. Community Water System (CWS). A public water system having at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or which regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.

C3.2.4. Concentration Time (CT). The product of residual disinfectant concentration, C, in mg/L determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time, T, in minutes.

CT values appear in Tables C3.T11 through C3.T24.

C3.2.5. Conventional Treatment. Water treatment including chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.

C3.2.6. Diatomaceous Earth Filtration. A water treatment process of passing water through a precoat of diatomaceous earth deposited on a support membrane while additional diatomaceous earth is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the precoat, resulting in substantial particulate removal from the water.

C3.2.7. Direct Filtration. Water treatment including chemical coagulation, possibly flocculation, and filtration, but not sedimentation.

C3.2.8. Disinfectant. Any oxidant, including but not limited to, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone, intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms in water, or ultraviolet (UV) light technologies with equivalent to or better performance than an oxidant.

C3.2.9. DoD Water System. A public water system or non-public water system.

C3.2.10. Emergency Assessment. An evaluation of the susceptibility of the water source, treatment, storage and distribution system(s) to disruption of service from natural disasters, accidents, and sabotage.

C3.2.11. First Draw Sample . A one-liter sample of tap water that has been standing in plumbing at least six hours and is collected without flushing the tap.

C3.2.12. Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDISW). Any water below the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other microorganisms, algae, or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia; or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water

Final Governing Standards 3-2 July 2003 characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.

C3.2.13. Lead-free. A maximum lead content of 0.2% for solder and flux, and 8.0% for pipes and fittings.

C3.2.14. Lead Service Line. A service line made of lead that connects the water main to the building inlet, and any lead pigtail, gooseneck, or other fitting that is connected to such line.

C3.2.15. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a public water system except for turbidity for which the maximum permissible level is measured after filtration. Contaminants added to the water under circumstances controlled by the user, except those resulting from the corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded.

C3.2.16. Non-Public Water System (NPWS). A system that does not meet the definition of a public water system; for example, a well serving a building with less than 25 people.

C3.2.17. Non-Transient, Non-Community (NTNC) Water System. A public water system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year.

C3.2.18. Point-of-Entry (POE) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a facility to reduce contaminants in drinking water throughout the facility.

C3.2.19. Point-of-Use (POU) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to a tap to reduce contaminants in drinking water at that tap.

C3.2.20. Potable Water. Water that has been examined and treated to meet the standards in this Chapter, and has been approved as potable by the appropriate DoD medical authority.

C3.2.21. Public Water System (PWS). A system for providing piped water to the public for human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 year round residents. This term includes both "community water systems" that serve year-round residents and "non-community systems" along with any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the operator of such systems, and any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control that are used primarily in connection with such systems. A non-community system is used by intermittent users or travelers and is sub-classified into a non-transient, non-community or NTNC system and a transient, non-community or TNC system. A NTNC system could be a school or factory with its own water supply where the same people drink the water throughout the year, but not 24-hours a day. A TNC system example is a motel with its own well.

C3.2.22. Sanitary Survey. An on-site review of the water source, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance of a public water system to evaluate the adequacy of such elements for producing and distributing potable water.

C3.2.23. Slow Sand Filtration. Water treatment process where raw water passes through a bed of sand at a low velocity (1.2 ft/hr), resulting in particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms.

C3.2.24. Total Trihalomethanes. The sum of the concentration in mg/L of chloroform, bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and bromodichloromethane.

Final Governing Standards 3-3 July 2003

C3.2.25. Transient, Non-Community (TNC) Water System. A noncommunity water system that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year.

C3.2.26. Underground Injection. A subsurface emplacement through a bored, drilled, driven or dug well where the depth is greater than the largest surface dimension, whenever a principle function of the well is the emplacement of any fluid.

C3.2.27. Vulnerability Assessment. An evaluation by DoD that shows contaminants of concern either have not been used in a watershed area or the source of water for the system is not susceptible to contamination. Susceptibility is based on prior occurrence, vulnerability assessment results, environmental persistence and transport of the contaminants, and any wellhead protection program results.

C3.3. Criteria

C3.3.1. DoD water systems, regardless of whether they produce or purchase water, will:

C3.3.1.1. Maintain a map/drawing of the complete potable water system.

C3.3.1.2. Update the potable water system master plan at least every 5 years.

C3.3.1.3. Protect all water supply aquifers (groundwater) and surface water sources from contamination by suitable placement and construction of wells, by suitable placing of the new intake (heading) to all water treatment facilities, by…