Amd 5 Attach 5 water.pdf

ATTACHMENT 5

DOD MANUAL 4715.05, VOLUME 3, OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL

BASELINE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:

WATER

SPE603-22-R-0506

NAS SOUDA BAY, GREECE

DOD MANUAL 4715.05, VOLUME 3

OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: WATER

Originating Component: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment

Effective: June 29, 2020

Releasability: Cleared for public release. Available on the Directives Division Website at http://www.esd.whs.mil/DD/.

Approved by: W. Jordan Gillis, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment

Purpose: This manual, known as the OEBGD, is composed of multiple volumes, each addressing specific areas of environmental management such as conservation; air and toxics; water; hazardous materials, storage tanks, spills, and pesticides; and waste. In accordance with the authority in DoD

Directives (DoDDs) 5134.01 and 4715.1E and the July 13, 2018 Deputy Secretary of Defense

Memorandum, and the requirements in DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.05:

This manual:

o Implements policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides standards to protect human health and the environment on enduring installations under DoD control outside the United States.

o Considers and, where relevant, incorporates generally accepted federal environmental standards applicable to DoD installations, facilities, and actions in the United States, and incorporates requirements of U.S. law that have extraterritorial application to the DoD.

o Is used by DoD lead environmental components (LECs) to establish and update final governing standards (FGSs).

o Establishes baseline environmental standards for installations in countries for which an FGS is not required or has not been developed.

This volume identifies environmental standards for installations to ensure:

o The safety of water that is provided for human consumption.

o The control of discharges of wastewater and stormwater into the waters of the host nation (HN)

DoDM 4715.05-V3, June 29, 2020

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: WATER

Section 1: General Issuance Information

1.1. Applicability

1.2. Policy

Section 2: Responsibilities

2.1. DoD Component Heads

2.2. Combatant Commanders

2.3. Commander, United States European Command (USEUCOM

Section 3: General OEBGD Guidance

3.1. Use of This Volume and FGSs

3.2. Water Management

3.3. Effective Dates

3.4. Noncompliance Terminology

3.5. Sampling and Analytical Considerations

3.6. Recordkeeping

3.7. Related Programs

Section 4: Drinking Water

4.1. Introduction

4.2. General

4.3. Personnel Qualifications

4.4. Coliform Bacteria Requirements

4.5. Inorganic Chemical Requirements

4.6. Fluoride Requirements

4.7. Lead and Copper Requirements

4.8. Organic Chemical Requirements

4.9. Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproducts (DDBP) Requirements

4.10. Radionuclide Requirements

4.11. Surface Water Treatment Requirements

4.12. Groundwater Treatment Requirements

4.13. Filter Backwash Requirements

4.14. Alternative Water Supplies

4.15. Consumer Confidence Reports

4.16. Notification Requirements

Appendix 4A: Drinking Water Disinfection Tables

Section 5: Wastewater and Stormwater

5.1. Introduction

5.2. General

5.3. Effluent Limitations for Direct Discharges of Non-industrial Pollutants

5.4. Effluent Limitations for Non-Categorical Industrial Indirect Discharges

5.5. Effluent Limitations for Categorical Industrial Discharges, Direct or Indirect

5.6. Pesticides

5.7. Cooling Water Intake Structures

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 3

5.8. Septic Systems

5.9. Cesspools

5.10. Sludge Disposal

5.11. Underground Injection Wells

5.12. Stormwater Management

Glossary

G.1. Acronyms

G.2. Definitions

References

TABLES

Table 1. Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency Table 2. Inorganic Chemical MCLs

Table 3. Inorganic Chemical Monitoring Requirements Table 4. Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper Water Quality Parameters

Table 5. Organic Chemical MCLs Table 6. Organic Chemical Monitoring Requirements

Table 7. DDBP Monitoring Requirements

Table 8. Radionuclide MCLs

Table 9. Bin Classification for Filtered Systems

Table 10. Additional Treatment for Cryptosporidium Inactivation

Table 11. Microbial Toolbox

Table 12. Estimated Baffling Factors

Table 13. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 0.5 C [32.9 F] or Lower

Table 14. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 5.0 C [41 F]

Table 15. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 10 C [50 F]

Table 16. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 15 C [59 F]

Table 17. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 20 C [68 F]

Table 18. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 25 C [77 F]

Table 19. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine

Table 20. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chlorine Dioxide

Table 21. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine Dioxide pH 6-9

Table 22. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Ozone

Table 23. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Ozone

Table 24. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chloramine pH 6-9

Table 25. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Chloramine

Table 26. UV Dose for Viruses Inactivation Credit (mJ/cm2)

Table 27. CT Values (mg•min/L) for Cryptosporidium Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide

Table 28. CT Values (mg•min/L) for Cryptosporidium Inactivation by Ozone

Table 29. UV Dose for Cryptosporidium Inactivation Credit

Table 30. DWTS Discharge Monitoring Requirements

Table 31. Standards for Electroplating Facilities Discharging Less than 38,000 LPD

[10,000 GPD]

Table 32. Components of TTO

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 4

Table 33. Wastewater Standards for Electroplating Facilities Discharging 38,000 LPD

[10,000 GPD] or More

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 5

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION

1.1. APPLICABILITY.

a. This volume applies to:

(1) OSD, the Military Departments, the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of

Staff (CJCS) and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities within the DoD (referred to collectively in this issuance as the “DoD

Components”).

(2) Actions of the DoD Components on installations, as defined in DoDI 4715.05, under

DoD control outside the United States.

(3) Support functions for U.S. military vessels, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles provided by the DoD Components, including management and disposal of off-loaded waste or hazardous materials.

b. Does not apply to:

(1) U.S. military vessels, ships, aircraft, or space vehicles.

(2) Off-installation training.

(3) Contingency locations, which are addressed in DoDI 4715.22.

(4) Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, in accordance with Executive Order (E.O.) 12344 and conducted pursuant to Section 7158 of

Title 42, United States Code.

(5) Actions to remediate environmental contamination, which are addressed in

DoDI 4715.08.

(6) Environmental analyses conducted in accordance with E.O. 12114.

(7) DoD installations that do not have the potential to affect the natural environment

(e.g., activities that are primarily administrative) or where, in consultation with the Assistant

Secretary of Sustainment (ASD(S)), the geographic Combatant Commander has determined that no significant force health protection or environmental threats exist.

(8) Activities, systems, operations, and areas where DoD has no authority or responsibility including cooperative security locations.

c. Does not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, DoD, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals.

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 6

Although this manual refers to other DoDDs, DoDIs, and DoD manuals, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those issuances as required to implement the policies in

DoDI 4715.05. This manual does not change other DoDDs, DoDIs, or DoD manuals or alter

DoD policies. Conflicts, issues, or concerns related to the country-specific FGS or this manual should be presented to the LEC or the Combatant Commander, as appropriate.

1.2. POLICY.

In accordance with the policy in DoDI 4715.05, the DoD:

a. Manages and applies installation assets to sustain the DoD national defense mission; uses environmental, safety, and occupational health management systems in mission planning and execution across all military operations and activities; and ensures all organizations plan, program, and budget to manage the environmental, safety, and occupational health risks that their activities generate.

b. Establishes, maintains, and complies with the FGSs to protect human health and the environment for those foreign countries identified by the Under Secretary of Defense for

Acquisition and Sustainment or listed in the Appendix to Enclosure 3 of DoDI 4715.05. The

FGSs will reconcile the requirements of applicable international agreements and applicable HN environmental standards with E.O. 12088 and this manual.

SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES 7

SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. DOD COMPONENT HEADS.

The DoD Component heads:

a. Apply this volume when no FGS applies.

b. Plan, program, and budget to meet the standards contained in this volume.

2.2. COMBATANT COMMANDERS.

In addition to the responsibilities in Paragraph 2.1., and through the CJCS, the Combatant

Commanders:

a. Provide general oversight and coordination with the DoD LECs, as necessary, to carry out their missions in accordance with this volume.

b. Adjudicate requests for exceptions to the requirements of this volume in accordance with

DoDI 4715.05, when the Military Department requesting the exception is also the DoD LEC.

When the Combatant Commander is the DoD LEC and requests an exception, the request is elevated to the ASD(S) for adjudication.

2.3. COMMANDER, UNITED STATES EUROPEAN COMMAND (USEUCOM).

The Commander, USEUCOM, is designated as the DoD Theater Environmental Coordinator for

Europe due to the unique construct and influence of the European Union. In addition to the responsibilities in Paragraphs 2.1. and 2.2., the Commander, USEUCOM, oversees the consistent application of this volume at installations within the European Union and geographically located within the USEUCOM area of responsibility. Additional guidance is provided in Enclosure 4 of

DoDI 4715.05.

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE 8

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE

3.1. USE OF THIS VOLUME AND FGSS.

DoD LECs use this volume to conduct the comparative analysis of water required to develop each country-specific FGS. The comparative analysis considers HN environmental standards, international agreements, and the standards found in this volume, with the more protective standard being used to establish the FGS. The FGSs ensure consistent application of environmental standards for all installations operated by DoD Components within an HN.

Compliance with the standards of this volume is achieved by complying with the current FGSs, since the standards of this volume are reflected in the FGSs. In cases where updates or revisions to this volume have not yet been considered and incorporated into an FGS, installations must comply with the more protective standard, whether it is found in this volume or the FGS.

a. For DoD Components on DoD installations in foreign countries for which FGSs are not required, or have yet to be established, installations must comply with applicable international agreements, applicable HN environmental standards pursuant to Section 1-801 of E.O. 12088, and this volume. In cases of conflicting requirements, the DoD Components will normally comply with the standard that is more protective of human health and the environment.

b. DoD Components will consult with the DoD LEC or, if no DoD LEC is designated, with the applicable Combatant Commander on actions that could seriously affect mission, involve a substantial commitment of funds, or set a precedent.

3.2. WATER MANAGEMENT.

This volume contains standards for the management of drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater on DoD installations outside the United States. These standards apply to all facilities, tenants, operations, and activities under DoD control on the installation.

3.3. EFFECTIVE DATES.

Standards identified in this manual are effective immediately upon publication. Installations and

DoD Components must plan, program, and budget in accordance with Section 6 of Enclosure 3 of DoDI 4715.05.3.4. NONCOMPLIANCE TERMINOLOGY.Terms such as

“noncompliance,” “out of compliance,” “violation,” “exceedance,” “nonconformity,” and

“nonconformance” are used synonymously to describe the condition of failing to meet a standard or a specific limit or value within a standard in this manual.

3.5. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

a. In many cases, standards of this manual are based on specific monitoring, sampling, and analytical methods that must be considered when determining compliance or comparing with HN standards.

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE 9

b. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement the FGS or this volume must normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a U.S. or HN regulatory authority, or accredited through the DoD Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program, for the applicable test method and follows required quality assurance and quality control protocol. In the absence of a certified laboratory, analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has an established reliable record of quality assurance compliance with standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

c. Field sample and data collection must be conducted by personnel with demonstrated experience in the applicable test method and sampling. All procedures used for testing, quality assurance, and reporting of results should be those commonly accepted in the field of air pollution control.

3.6. RECORDKEEPING.

All records generated while implementing the standards in this manual must be maintained by installations in accordance with the FGS, this manual, DoDI 5015.02, and DoD Component policies.

3.7. RELATED PROGRAMS.

Additional guidance about related programs and initiatives that may apply outside the United

States is included in other DoD policies and issuances.

a. Pollution prevention is addressed in DoDD 4715.1E and DoDIs 4715.23 and 4150.07.

b. Management of emerging contaminants perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid are addressed in the June 10, 2016 ASD(S) Memorandum.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 10

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER

4.1. INTRODUCTION.

This section contains standards on the safety of water provided for human consumption. It includes requirements for DoD non-public water systems (NPWSs) and requirements for DoD public water systems (PWSs) that produce water, as well as those that purchase or are provided water from an HN PWS.

4.2. GENERAL.

Installation commanders are responsible for ensuring that water provided for human consumption is safe, regardless of whether the water is produced by the installation or obtained from an HN PWS. Applicability of specific standards in this section is delineated by the classification of the system(s) providing water on the installation. DoD systems are classified as either NPWSs or PWSs, with PWSs further classified as community water systems (CWSs), non-transient, non-community water systems (NTNCWSs), and transient, non-community water systems (TNCWSs) (see Glossary definition of PWS). Samples taken to conform to the standards of this section must be validated by independent testing or validated supplier testing.

a. NPWSs.

DoD NPWSs must be monitored for coliform bacteria (total coliforms and E. coli), at a minimum, and disinfectant residuals periodically (e.g., quarterly, or before and during operation of an infrequently or seasonally used NPWS) in accordance with the appropriate DoD medical authority. DoD NPWSs are not required to meet any of the additional requirements of this section.

b. PWSs.

DoD PWSs must provide proper monitoring and treatment for all water provided for human consumption in accordance with the requirements of this section. For drinking water that is purchased or otherwise provided from an HN treatment plant or other source, Paragraphs 4.2.b.(1) through (5) are only applicable within the installation fenceline.

Additionally, DoD PWSs must meet the following general standards:

(1) Design, Operation, and Maintenance.

(a) Implement and comply with the design, operation, and maintenance guidelines in accordance with Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-230-01, UFC 3-230-02, and UFC 3-230-03.

(b) Maintain a map or drawing of the complete PWS.

(c) Perform water distribution system operation and maintenance practices:

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 11

1. Maintain a detectable disinfectant residual throughout the water distribution system, except where determined unnecessary by the appropriate DoD medical authority.

2. Implement proper procedures for repairing and replacing mains, including disinfection and bacteriological testing.

3. Conduct an annual water main flushing program.

4. Properly operate and maintain storage tanks and reservoirs, including cleaning and inspection.

5. Maintain distribution system components, including hydrants and valves.

6. Maintain a continuous positive pressure of at least 138 kilopascals [20 pounds per square inch] in the water distribution system.

(d) Establish a cross-connection control and backflow prevention program.

(e) Use only lead-free pipe, pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, solder, and flux in the installation or repair of water systems and plumbing systems for drinking water.

(2) Documentation and Recordkeeping

Maintain all corrective actions, monitoring, and analytical records for at least 3 years, except:

(a) Bacteriological records – 5 years (except source water Cryptosporidium and E.

coli).

(b) Cryptosporidium and E. coli source water records – 10 years.

(c) Chemical records – 10 years.

(d) Cross-connection and backflow prevention testing and repair records – 10 years.

(3) Source Water Protection.

(a) Protect all groundwater and surface water sources of drinking water from contamination by operations on DoD installations by:

1. Suitable placement and construction of wells.

2. Suitable placement of the new intake (heading) to all water treatment facilities.

3. Proper siting and maintaining septic systems and on-site treatment units.

4. Appropriate land use management.

5. Appropriate stormwater management.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 12

6. Appropriate wellhead protection program.

(b) Conduct sanitary surveys of the water system at least every 3 years for surface water systems, as well as groundwater under the influence of surface water, and every 5 years for systems using groundwater, or as warranted. Sanitary surveys consist of an on-site inspection of the water source, treatment, distribution system, finished water storage, pumping facilities and controls, monitoring and reporting data, system management and operation, and compliance with operator requirements. Requirements for sanitary surveys state that off-installation surveys should be coordinated with the HN authorities.

(c) Manage underground injection on DoD installations to protect underground water supply sources. Installations must not dispose of hazardous waste or wastewater by underground injection (does not preclude the disposal of sanitary wastewater in septic systems and small capacity cesspools that have been sited, constructed, and operated with the approval of appropriate DoD authorities).

(d) Conduct (and update as necessary) vulnerability assessments that include, but are not limited to, a review of:

1. Pipes and constructed conveyances; physical barriers; water collection, pretreatment, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities; and electronic, computer, or other automated systems used by the DoD PWS.

2. Use, storage, or handling of various chemicals.

3. Operation and maintenance of the water storage, treatment, and distribution systems.

(4) Contingency Plan.

Develop and update, as necessary, an emergency contingency plan to ensure the provision of water fit for human consumption despite interruptions from natural disasters and service interruptions. At a minimum, the plan must identify:

(a) Plans, procedures, and equipment that can be implemented or used in the event of an intentional or unintentional disruption.

(b) Key personnel.

(c) Procedures to restore service, including supplemental sampling procedures.

(d) Procedures to isolate damaged lines.

(e) Alternative water supplies.

(f) Installation public notification procedures.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 13

(5) Source Water Sampling for DoD PWSs with HN PWS Sources.

DoD PWSs that purchase or are provided water from an HN PWS, and that are required to perform source water sampling in accordance with Paragraphs 4.7., 4.9., and 4.11., must perform sampling at the point of entry to the installation before any additional treatment by the installation.

4.3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS.

a. The appropriate installation point of contact must designate an operator in responsible charge to be the certified operator who makes decisions regarding the daily operational activities of a PWS, water treatment facility, or distribution system, that directly impact the quality or quantity of drinking water.

b. Operators in responsible charge must:

(1) Be appropriately trained according to the level of complexity of the DoD PWS they operate and oversee.

(2) Be certified by having successfully completed, and been licensed through, a U.S.

State-approved water system operator certification course, a similar HN course, or a course that meets industry standards and practices.

(3) Maintain current certification for the duration of the appointment.

4.4. COLIFORM BACTERIA REQUIREMENTS.

a. Monitoring Program.

DoD PWSs must comply with the total coliform-related operational evaluation level (OEL) and E. coli maximum contaminant level (MCL). Each DoD PWS must develop and maintain a written sample siting plan that is representative of water throughout the distribution system. The plan must identify routine and repeat sampling sites and a sample collection schedule. Total coliform samples must be collected in accordance with the written sample siting plan.

(1) The total coliform-related OEL is exceeded whenever more than 5 percent of samples per month for a system examining 40 or more samples a month, or two or more samples per month when a system analyzes less than 40 samples per month, are confirmed positive for total coliforms.

(2) The MCL for E. coli is exceeded whenever:

(a) A routine E. coli positive sample is followed by a repeat total coliform positive sample or a repeat E. coli positive sample.

(b) A routine total coliform positive sample is followed by any repeat sample that is positive for E. coli.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 14

(c) Any required repeat samples are not collected following an E. coli positive routine sample.

(d) Any repeat total coliform positive sample is not tested for E. coli.

(3) Whenever the OEL or E. coli MCL is exceeded, complete an assessment to determine if any sanitary defects exist and, if found, take corrective action.

b. Monitoring Plan and Sampling.

Each DoD PWS must develop and maintain a written monitoring plan and collect routine samples in accordance with the monitoring frequency provided in Table 1. Seasonal DoD PWSs that do not maintain positive pressure throughout the distribution system must develop a startup plan to be completed before providing water at the beginning of the season.

Table 1. Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency

POPULATION

SERVED

NUMBER OF

SAMPLESa

POPULATION

SERVED

NUMBER OF

SAMPLESa

25 to 1,000b 1 59,001 to 70,000 70

1,001 to 2,500 2 70,001 to 83,000 80

2,501 to 3,300 3 83,001 to 96,000 90

3,301 to 4,100 4 96,001 to 130,000 100

4,101 to 4,900c 5 130,001 to 220,000 120

4,901 to 5,800 6 220,001 to 320,000 150

5,801 to 6,700 7 320,001 to 450,000 180

6,701 to 7,600 8 450,001 to 600,000 210

7,601 to 8,500 9 600,001 to 780,000 240

8,501 to 12,900 10 780,001 to 970,000 270

12,901 to 17,200 15 970,001 to 1,230,000 300

17,201 to 21,500 20 1,230,001 to 1,520,000 330

21,501 to 25,000 25 1,520,001 to 1,850,000 360

25,001 to 33,000 30 1,850,001 to 2,270,000 390

33,001 to 41,000 40 2,270,001 to 3,020,000 420

41,001 to 50,000 50 3,020,001 to 3,960,000 450

50,001 to 59,000 60 3,960,001 or more 480 a Minimum number of routine samples per month.

b A non-community water system (NCWS) using groundwater and serving a population of 1,000 or less may monitor once in each calendar quarter during which the system provides water, provided a sanitary survey conducted within the last 5 years shows the system is supplied solely by a protected groundwater source and free of sanitary defects.

c Systems that use groundwater, serve a population of less than 4,900, and collect samples from different sites may collect all samples on a single day. All other systems must collect samples at regular intervals throughout the month.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 15

c. Follow-up Sampling and Assessment.

(1) A DoD PWS with initial samples testing positive for total coliforms must collect repeat samples as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours of being notified of the positive result. Repeat sample locations are required at the same tap as the original sample plus an upstream and downstream sample, each within five service connections of the original tap.

Monitoring must continue until total coliforms are no longer detected or the system determines the OEL has been exceeded and an assessment is initiated.

(2) When any routine or repeat sample tests positive for total coliforms, it must be tested for E. coli. E. coli testing can be foregone on a total coliform positive sample if E. coli is assumed to be present.

(3) If a DoD PWS has an indication of coliform contamination (e.g., as a result of an

OEL exceedance, E. coli MCL violation, performance failure), it must be assessed to determine if any sanitary defects exist. If sanitary defects are found, the system must take corrective action.

d. Notification.

If a DoD PWS has exceeded the total coliform-related OEL or E. coli MCL, the PWS must complete the notification in accordance with Paragraph 4.16. as follows:

(1) Total Coliform-Related OEL. Notify the appropriate DoD medical authority within

24 hours of the DoD PWS receiving notification of an exceedance of the OEL. There is no requirement to notify the public of exceedance of the OEL if the OEL was not triggered by an E.

coli MCL exceedance.

(2) E. coli MCL. Notify the appropriate DoD medical authority as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the same day the command responsible for operating the DoD PWS is notified of the result. Because an acute risk to public health may exist, the installation public must be notified as soon as possible, but not later than 24 hours after the command responsible for operating the DoD PWS is notified of the test result.

4.5. INORGANIC CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS.

a. DoD PWSs must ensure that the water distributed for human consumption does not exceed inorganic chemical MCLs provided in Table 2, as applicable based on the system classification.

Table 2. Inorganic Chemical MCLs

CONTAMINANT

MCL

(mg/L unless otherwise noted)

Arsenica 0.010

Antimonya 0.006

Asbestosa 7 million fibers/liter (longer than 10 micrometers)

Bariuma 2.0

Berylliuma 0.004

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 16

CONTAMINANT

MCL

(mg/L unless otherwise noted)

Cadmiuma 0.005

Chromiuma 0.1

Cyanidea 0.2 (as free cyanide)

Fluorideb 4.0

Fluoride (Secondary MCL)c 2.0

Mercurya 0.002

Nickeld

Nitratee 10 (as N)

Nitritee 1 (as N)

Total Nitrite and Nitratee 10 (as N)

Seleniuma 0.05

Sodiumd

Thalliuma 0.002 mg/L = milligram per liter a MCLs apply to CWSs and NTNCWSs.

b MCL applies only to CWSs.

c Fluoride secondary MCL applies to CWSs for notification purposes only.

d No MCL established or in effect. Monitoring is required so that concentration levels can be made available on request. Sodium and nickel levels must be reported to the DoD medical authority on receipt of analysis.

e MCLs apply to CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TNCWSs.

(1) Except for nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and nitrite, for systems monitored quarterly or more frequently, a system is out of compliance if the annual running average concentration of an inorganic chemical exceeds the MCL.

(2) For systems monitored annually or less frequently, a system is out of compliance if a single sample exceeds the MCL.

(3) For nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and nitrite, system compliance is determined by averaging the single sample that exceeds the MCL with its confirmation sample; if this average exceeds the MCL, the system is out of compliance.

b. Systems must be monitored for inorganic chemicals at the frequency provided in Table 3.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 17

Table 3. Inorganic Chemical Monitoring Requirements

CONTAMINANT

GROUNDWATER

BASELINE

REQUIREMENT

SURFACE

WATER

BASELINE

REQUIREMENT

TRIGGER

THAT

INCREASES

MONITORING

REDUCED

MONITORIN

G

Arsenic 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Antimony 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Barium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Beryllium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Cadmium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Chromium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Cyanide 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Fluoride 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Mercury 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Nickel 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample

Selenium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Thallium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample >MCL

Sodium 1 sample/every 3 years

Annual sample

Asbestosa 1 sample/every 9 years

1 sample/every 9 years

>MCL Yes

Total

Nitrate/Nitrite

Annual sample Quarterly ≥50% Nitrite

MCL

Nitrate Annual sampleb Quarterlyb ≥50% MCLc Yesd

Nitrite Annual sampleb Quarterlyb ≥50% MCLc Yese

Corrosivityf Once Once

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 18

Table 4. Inorganic Chemical Monitoring Requirements, Continued

CONTAMINANT

GROUNDWATER

BASELINE

REQUIREMENT

SURFACE

WATER

BASELINE

REQUIREMENT

TRIGGER

THAT

INCREASES

MONITORING

REDUCED

MONITORIN

G a Necessity for analysis is predicated upon a sanitary survey conducted by the PWS.

b Any sampling point with an analytical value greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/L as N (50 percent of the nitrite MCL) must begin sampling for nitrate and nitrite separately. Since nitrite readily converts to nitrate, a system can conclude that if the total nitrate/nitrite value of a sample is less than 50 percent of the nitrite MCL, then the value of nitrite in the sample would also be below 50 percent of its MCL.

c Increased monitoring frequency must be quarterly for at least 1 year following any one sample for nitrate or nitrite in which the concentration is greater than or equal to 50 percent of the MCL. Groundwater systems may return to baseline monitoring requirements if all sample results are less than the nitrate or nitrite MCLs.

d The appropriate DoD medical authority may reduce repeat sampling frequency for surface water systems to annually if after 1 year results are less than 50 percent of the MCL.

e The appropriate DoD medical authority may reduce repeat sampling frequency to one annual sample if results are less than

50 percent of the MCL.

f PWSs must be analyzed to determine the corrosivity entering the distribution system. Two samples (one mid-winter and one mid-summer) must be collected at the entry point of the distribution system for systems using surface water and groundwater under the direct influence (GWUDI). One sample must be collected for systems using only groundwater. Corrosivity characteristics of the water must include measurements of pH, calcium, hardness, alkalinity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index.

(1) Sampling Location.

After any application of treatment, a minimum of one sample must be taken from water systems at every entry point to the distribution system or in the distribution system at a point that is representative.

(2) Increased Monitoring.

Increased monitoring must be performed quarterly and must begin in the next quarter after receipt of the sample result that triggered increased monitoring. Increased quarterly monitoring requires a minimum of two consecutive quarterly samples for groundwater systems and at least four consecutive quarterly samples for surface water systems. If all results are less than the increased monitoring trigger criteria, then the system may return to baseline monitoring requirements. Additional increased monitoring requirements relating to nitrate and nitrite are specified in Table 3.

c. If a DoD PWS is out of compliance, the installation must complete the notification in accordance with Paragraph 4.16. as soon as possible. If the nitrate, nitrite, or total nitrate and nitrite MCLs are exceeded, it is considered an acute health risk and the installation must complete the notification to:

(1) The appropriate DoD medical authority as soon as possible, but in no case later than the end of the same day the command responsible for operating the PWS is notified of the result.

(2) The installation public as soon as possible, but not later than 72 hours after the command responsible for operating the DoD PWS is notified of the test result. If the installation

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 19

is only monitoring annually on the basis of direction from the appropriate DoD medical authority, it must immediately increase monitoring in accordance with Table 3 until corrective actions are completed and authorities determine the system is reliable and consistent.

4.6. FLUORIDE REQUIREMENTS.

a. DoD PWSs adding fluoride (i.e., practicing fluoridation) for dental health should fluoridate to 0.7 mg/L unless fluoridation is prohibited or restricted by HN regulations.

(1) Where HN regulations do not allow fluoridation to a concentration of 0.7 mg/L, fluoridate to the concentration specified by HN regulations.

(2) Where HN regulations specify fluoride concentrations within a range, fluoridate to a concentration within the range that is closest to 0.7 mg/L.

b. DoD PWSs practicing fluoridation must sample at least daily for operational control of fluoridation. They must also analyze samples collected in the distribution system in conjunction with bacteriological samples. The command responsible for operating the DoD PWS must consider the presence of populations at risk for dental health effects and ensure fluoride is maintained throughout the distribution system when determining which bacteriological sampling sites will be monitored for fluoride.

c. DoD PWSs must be monitored for fluoride at the entry point to the distribution system as specified in Table 3 to determine compliance with the fluoride MCL.

d. An installation commander responsible for a DoD CWS must ensure that the fluoride content of drinking water does not exceed the MCL of 4 mg/L and should ensure the fluoride content does not exceed the secondary MCL of 2.0 mg/L, as stated in Table 2.

(1) If any sample exceeds the MCL, the installation must complete the notification requirements specified in Paragraph 4.16.

(2) If fluoride exceeds the secondary MCL, but not the MCL, the command responsible for operating the DoD CWSs must notify the appropriate DoD medical authority within 14 calendar days and the installation public within 1 year, in accordance with Paragraph 4.16.

Notification of the installation public must be included in the annual consumer confidence report.

4.7. LEAD AND COPPER REQUIREMENTS.

DoD CWSs and NTNCWSs must not exceed action levels (distinguished from the MCL) of

0.015 mg/L of lead or 1.3 mg/L of copper in more than 10 percent of tap water samples collected during any monitoring period. An action level exceedance triggers other requirements that include water quality parameter monitoring, corrosion control treatment, source water monitoring and treatment, public education, and lead service line replacement.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 20

a. Affected DoD systems must conduct monitoring in accordance with Table 4. DoD installations and facilities must sample or ensure sampling is completed regardless of system ownership. High-risk sampling sites must be targeted by conducting a materials evaluation of the distribution system. Sampling sites must be selected based on a hierarchical approach.

Table 5. Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper Water Quality Parameters

POPULATION

SERVED

NO. OF SITES FOR

STANDARD

MONITORINGa

NO. OF SITES FOR

REDUCED

MONITORINGb

NO. OF SITES FOR

WATER QUALITY

PARAMETERSc

>100,000 100 50 25

10,001 - 100,000 60 30 10

3,301 - 10,000 40 20 3

501 - 3,300 20 10 2

101 - 500 10 5 1

<100 5 5 1 a Every 6 months for lead and copper.

b Annually for lead and copper if action levels are met during each of two consecutive 6-month monitoring periods. Any small- or medium-sized system (serving a population of less than

50,000) that meets the lead and copper action levels during 3 consecutive years may reduce the monitoring for lead and copper from annually to once every 3 years. Annual or triennial sampling must be conducted during the four warmest months of the year.

c This monitoring must be conducted by all large systems (serving a population of greater than

50,000). Small- and medium-sized systems must monitor water quality parameters when action levels are exceeded. Samples must be representative of water quality throughout the distribution system and include a sample from the entry to the distribution system. Samples must be taken in duplicate for pH, alkalinity, calcium, conductivity or total dissolved solids, and water temperatures to allow a corrosivity determination (via a Langelier Saturation Index or other appropriate saturation index); additional parameters are orthophosphate when a phosphate inhibitor is used and silica when a silicate inhibitor is used.

(1) For CWS, priority is given to single-family residences that contain copper pipe with lead solder installed after 1982, contain lead pipes, or are served by lead service lines; then, structures, including multi-family residences with the foregoing characteristics; and, finally, residences and structures with copper pipe with lead solder installed before 1983.

(2) NTNCWS sampling sites must consist of structures that contain copper pipe with lead solder installed after 1982, contain lead pipes, or are served by lead service lines. First draw samples must be collected from a cold water kitchen or bathroom tap; nonresidential samples must be taken at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption.

b. The installation must provide public notification, including corrective actions that may be taken, concerning the lead content of materials used in distribution or plumbing systems or the corrosivity of water that has caused leaching, which indicates a potential health threat if exposed to leaded water.

c. Action levels are exceeded based on the 90th percentile level. The 90th percentile level is calculated by multiplying the number of valid samples sorted in ascending order by 0.9 (e.g., 10

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 21

samples x 0.9 = 9; thus, use 9th highest lead and copper test results to compare to action level). If an action level is exceeded, the installation must:

(1) Collect additional monitoring of water quality parameters as specified in Table 4.

(2) Pursue optimal corrosion control treatment.

(a) If action levels are exceeded after implementation of applicable corrosion control and source water treatment, lead service lines must be replaced if the lead service lines cause the lead action level to be exceeded.

(b) Discontinue lead service line replacement whenever lead monitoring results do not exceed the action level in tap samples for two consecutive 6-month monitoring periods.

(c) Return to the standard monitoring schedule identified in Table 4.

d. The installation commander must implement an education program for installation personnel (including United States and HN) within 60 days after the end of the monitoring period in which the action level was exceeded and must complete the notification in accordance with Paragraph 4.16. as soon as possible, but in no case later than 14 calendar days after the violation.

4.8. ORGANIC CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS.

a. DoD CWSs and NTNCWSs must ensure that synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in water distributed to people do not exceed the MCLs delineated in Table 5.

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 22

Table 6. Organic Chemical MCLs

ORGANIC CHEMICALS mg/L DETECTION LIMIT, mg/L

SOCs

Alachlor 0.002 0.0002

Atrazine 0.003 0.0001

Benzo[a]pyrene 0.0002 0.00002

Carbofuran 0.04 0.0009

Chlordane 0.002 0.0002

Dalapon 0.2 0.001

2,4-D 0.07 0.0001

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 0.0002 0.00002

Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate 0.4 0.0006

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.006 0.0006

Dinoseb 0.007 0.0002

Diquat 0.02 0.0004

Endrin 0.002 0.00001

Endothall 0.1 0.009

Ethylene dibromide (EDB) 0.00005 0.00001

Glyphosate 0.7 0.006

Heptachlor 0.0004 0.00004

Heptachlorepoxide 0.0002 0.00002

Hexachlorobenzene 0.001 0.0001

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 0.0001

Lindane 0.0002 0.00002

Methoxychlor 0.04 0.0001

Oxamyl (Vydate) 0.2 0.002

PCBs (as decachlorobiphenyls) 0.0005 0.0001

Pentachlorophenol 0.001 0.00004

Picloram 0.5 0.0001

Simazine 0.004 0.00007

2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) 0.00000003 0.000000005

Toxaphene 0.003 0.001

2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.05 0.0002

VOCs

Benzene 0.005 0.0005

Carbon tetrachloride 0.005 0.0005 o-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 0.0005 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.07 0.0005 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 0.0005

1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.007 0.0005

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.20 0.0005

1,2-Dichloroethane 0.005 0.0005

Dichloromethane 0.005 0.0005

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.005 0.0005

1,2,4-Trichloro-benzene 0.07 0.0005

1,2-Dichloropropane 0.005 0.0005

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 23

Table 5. Organic Chemical MCLs, Continued

ORGANIC CHEMICALS mg/L DETECTION LIMIT, mg/L

VOCs

Ethylbenzene 0.7 0.0005

Monochlorobenzene 0.1 0.0005 para-Dichlorobenzene 0.075 0.0005

Styrene 0.1 0.0005

Tetrachloroethylene 0.005 0.0005

Trichloroethylene 0.005 0.0005

Toluene 1.0 0.0005

Vinyl chloride 0.002 0.0005

Xylene (total) 10 0.0005

OTHER ORGANICS

Acrylamide treatment technique 0.05% dosed at 1 part per milliona

Epichlorohydrin treatment technique 0.01% dosed at 20 parts per milliona

PCB = polychlorinated biphenyl a Only applies when adding these polymer flocculants to the treatment process. No sampling is required; the system certifies that dosing is within specified limits.

(1) Systems monitoring quarterly or more frequently are out of compliance if the annual running average concentration of an organic chemical, for each sample point, exceeds the MCL.

(2) Systems monitoring annually or less frequently with a detection greater than the

MCL are not out of compliance until an annual average is calculated and exceeds the MCL. The annual average is based on the annual or less frequent sample result and the quarterly monitoring sample results, required under the increased monitoring criteria delineated in Table 6.

b. CWSs and NTNCWSs must be monitored for SOCs and VOCs according to the schedule stated in Table 6.

Table 6. Organic Chemical Monitoring Requirements

CONTAMINA

NT

BASE MONITORING FREQUENCY TRIGGER FOR

INCREASED

MONITORING

REDUCED

MONITORIN

G

GROUNDWATER

SURFACE

WATER

VOCs One sample every 3 years

Annual >0.0005 mg/L Yesa, b

SOCs

Four consecutive quarterly samples every 3 years

Four consecutive quarterly samples every 3 years

>Detection limitc Yesb, d a Systems that have demonstrated they are reliably and consistently below MCLs may reduce monitoring to annually (one sample every year). After 3 years of annual samples with no detections, systems may return to the base monitoring frequency.

b Monitoring frequency may be reduced if warranted based on a sanitary survey of the PWS.

c Detection limits provided in Table 5 or as determined by the best available testing methods.

d For systems monitoring at the base monitoring frequency with one round of no detections (e.g., 4 consecutive quarters with no detections) may further reduce monitoring frequency to the following: systems serving a population greater than 3,300 may reduce to two consecutive quarterly samples within 1 year during a period of 3 years; systems serving a population less than

3,300 may reduce to one sample every 3 years.

Emmanouil.Kefalog.GR Highlight

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 24

(1) New DoD CWSs or NTNCWSs beginning operation must initially collect four consecutive quarterly samples to determine compliance with established VOC and SOC MCLs.

New systems with no detections during the initial sampling event must continue monitoring at the base monitoring frequencies in Table 6.

(2) CWSs and NTNCWSs must choose sampling location in accordance with the following:

(a) Groundwater systems must take a minimum of one sample at every entry point that is representative of each well after treatment.

(b) Surface water systems must take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system at a point that is representative of each source after treatment.

(3) A CWS or NTNCWS monitoring at the base monitoring frequency or a reduced monitoring frequency that exceeds the trigger for increased monitoring in any one sample must continue or immediately begin quarterly monitoring. Monitoring must continue until the system demonstrates that it is reliably and consistently below the MCLs (i.e., when there is enough confidence that future sampling results will be sufficiently below the MCL to justify reducing the quarterly monitoring frequency). For example, water systems with widely varying analytical results or analytical results that are just below the MCL would not meet this criterion.

(a) Groundwater systems must have a minimum of two consecutive quarterly samples with no detections or detections below the MCL to demonstrate the system is reliably and consistently below MCLs.

(b) Surface water systems must have a minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples with no detections or detections below the MCL to demonstrate the system is reliably and consistently below MCLs.

(4) A CWS or NTNCWS that detects a VOC or SOC above the MCL must continue or immediately begin quarterly monitoring and continue monitoring for a minimum of 4 consecutive quarters, until a system demonstrates that it is reliably and consistently below the

MCL.

c. If a CWS or NTNCWS is out of compliance, the notification in accordance with

Paragraph 4.16. must be completed as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after the violation. The installation must continue monitoring, as noted in Table 6, and must continue until the installation commander determines the system is back in compliance and all necessary corrective measures have been implemented.

4.9. DISINFECTANT/DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (DDBP) REQUIREMENTS.

a. DDBP Precursor Requirements.

DoD PWSs with surface water and GWUDI as the source water:

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 25

(1) Using conventional filtration treatment must monitor each treatment plant water source for total organic carbon (TOC) on a monthly basis. Samples must be taken from the source water before treatment and the treated water (i.e., paired samples) not later than the point of combined filter effluent turbidity monitoring. Source water alkalinity must also be monitored at the same time. Systems with average treated water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/L for 2 consecutive years, or less than 1.0 mg/L for 1 year, may reduce TOC and alkalinity to one paired sample per plant per quarter.

(2) Not using conventional filtration treatment must monitor only source water TOC before any treatment on a monthly basis. Source water TOC must be monitored quarterly for systems on reduced total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5) monitoring frequences.

b. DDBP Requirements for CWSs and NTNCWSs.

DoD CWSs and NTNCWSs that add a disinfectant (i.e., an oxidant, such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, or ozone) to any part of their treatment process, including disinfectant added by a local water supplier, must meet the following requirements.

(1) Comply with the following MCLs and maximum residual disinfectant levels

(MRDLs):

(a) TTHM MCL of 0.080 mg/L

(b) HAA5 MCL of 0.060 mg/L

(c) Chlorite MCL of 1.0 mg/L

(d) Bromate MCL of 0.010 mg/L

(e) Chlorine MRDL of 4.0 mg/L (as Cl2)

(f) Chloramines MRDL of 4.0 mg/L (as Cl2)

(2) Noncompliance is determined as:

(a) For TTHM or HAA5, when any locational running annual average (LRAA), computed quarterly for each sampling location, exceeds the MCL.

(b) For chlorite, when the average concentration of any three-sample set (i.e., one monthly sample set from within the distribution system) exceeds the MCL.

(c) For bromate, when a running yearly average of samples, computed quarterly, exceeds the MCL.

(d) For chlorine or chloramine, when a running yearly average of monthly averages of all samples, computed quarterly, exceeds the MRDL. Operators may increase residual disinfectant levels of chlorine or chloramines in the distribution system to a level and for a time

SECTION 4: DRINKING WATER 26

necessary to protect public health to address specific microbiological contamination problems caused by circumstances such as distribution line breaks, storm runoff events, source water contamination, or cross connections.

(e) For chlorine dioxide, when:

1. Any daily sample from the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the

MRDL and if one or more of the three samples taken the following day from within the distribution system exceeds the MRDL, or the system fails to take any distribution system samples. The MRDL for chlorine dioxide may be exceeded for short periods to address specific microbiological contamination problems.

2. Any two consecutive daily samples exceed the MRDL even if none of the distribution samples exceed the MRDL.

3. Monitoring is not performed at the entrance to the distribution system on the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL.

(3) Routinely monitor TTHM, HAA5, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, chlorine, and ozone in…