Specification 32 13 14.13 Concrete Paving for Airfields and Other Heavy Duty Pavements_Amendment 0006.pdf

Repair Flightline Apron 2023AFMACC

SECTION 32 13 14.13

CONCRETE PAVING FOR AIRFIELDS AND OTHER HEAVY DUTY PAVEMENTS

11/22

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 UNIT PRICES

1.1.1 Measurements

The quantity of concrete to be paid for will be the volume of concrete in cubic yards including thickened edges , where required, placed in the completed and accepted pavement. Concrete will be measured in place in the completed and accepted pavement only within the neat line dimensions shown in the plan and cross section. No deductions will be made for rounded or beveled edges or the space occupied by pavement reinforcement, dowel bars, or electrical conduits, nor for any void, or other structure extending into or through the pavement slab, measuring 3 cubic feet or less in volume. No other allowance for concrete will be made unless placed in specified locations in accordance with the approved contract modification. The quantity of other materials specified herein, and used in the construction of the work covered by this section, will not be measured for payment, but will be considered a subsidiary obligation, covered under the price per cubic yard for concrete. Joint sealing materials are covered in Section 32 01 19.61 SEALING OF JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENT or 32 13 73.19 COMPRESSION CONCRETE PAVING JOINT SEALANT.

1.1.2 Payments

1.1.2.1 Lump Sum

The quantity of concrete will be paid for and included in the lump-sum contract price. If less than 100 percent payment is due based on the pay factors stipulated below, a unit price of 450 per cubic yard will be used for purposes of calculating the payment reduction. Payment will constitute full compensation for all materials, equipment, plant and tools, and for all labor and other incidentals necessary to complete the concrete pavement, except for other items specified herein for separate payment.

1.1.3 Payment of Lots

When a lot of material fails to meet the specification requirements, that lot will be accepted at a reduced price or be removed and replaced. The lowest computed percent payment determined for any pavement characteristic discussed below (for example, thickness, grade, and surface smoothness) becomes the actual percent payment for that lot. The actual percent payment will be applied to the unit price and the measured quantity of concrete in the lot to determine actual payment. Use results of strength tests to control concreting operations. Strength will be evaluated, but will not be considered for payment adjustment. Remove and replace any sublot not meeting the required 'Concrete Strength for Final Acceptance' at no additional cost to the Government.

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1.1.4 Payment Adjustment for Smoothness

1.1.4.1 Straightedge Testing

Record location and deviation from straightedge for all measurements.

Determine the computed percent payment for straightedge testing by entering Table 1.

TABLE 1

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR SMOOTHNESS USING STRAIGHTEDGE

Deviation from straightedge for all measurements made within a lot exceed the tolerance specified in paragraph SURFACE

SMOOTHNESS by:

Computed Percent Payment

Less than or equal to 5.0 percent 100

More than 5.0 percent but Less than or equal to 10.0 percent, after any reduction of high spots or removal and replacement

More than 10.0 percent but Less than or equal to 15.0 percent

More than 15.0 percent but Less than or equal to 20.0 percent

More than 20.0 percent Remove and Replace

1.1.4.2 Profilograph Testing

Record location and data from all profilograph measurements. Determine the computed percent payment for profilograph smoothness by entering Table 2.

TABLE 2

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR SMOOTHNESS USING PROFILOGRAPH

Profile Index of a 0.1 mile segment of a lot exceeds the tolerance specified in paragraph

SURFACE SMOOTHNESS by:

Computed Percent Payment

Less than 1.0 inch per mile 100

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 2

TABLE 2

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR SMOOTHNESS USING PROFILOGRAPH

Profile Index of a 0.1 mile segment of a lot exceeds the tolerance specified in paragraph

SURFACE SMOOTHNESS by:

Computed Percent Payment

1.0 inch per mile but Less than 2.0 inches per mile , after any reduction of high spots or removal and replacement

2.0 inches per mile but Less than 3.0 inches per mile

3.0 inches per mile but Less than 4.0 inches per mile

4.0 inches per mile or more Remove and Replace

1.1.4.3 Aircraft Arresting Systems

The 200 feet of airfield pavement on both the approach and departure sides of the arresting system pendant is a critical area. Consider this area as a separate lot for payment adjustment for smoothness. Protruding objects and undulating surfaces are detrimental to successful tailhook engagements and are not allowable. No exceedance of the tolerances specified in paragraph STRAIGHTEDGE TESTING is acceptable. Remove and replace pavements exceeding the tolerances.

1.1.5 Payment Adjustment for Plan Grade

Determine the computed percent payment for plan grade by entering TABLE 3.

TABLE 3

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PLAN GRADE

Percent of all measurements made within a lot are outside the specified tolerance

Computed Percent Payment

Less than or equal to 5.0 100

More than 5.0 but Less than or equal to 10.0

More than 10.0 but Less than 20

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TABLE 3

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PLAN GRADE

Percent of all measurements made within a lot are outside the specified tolerance

Computed Percent Payment

More than 20.0 but Less than 50

50 or more Remove and Replace

1.1.6 Payment Adjustment for Thickness

Using the Average Thickness of the lot, determine the computed percent payment for thickness by entering Table 4.

TABLE 4

PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR THICKNESS

Deficiency in Thickness Determined by cores inches

Computed Percent Payment

Pavements Equal To or Greater Than 8 inches Thick

Pavements Less Than 8 inches Thick

0.00 to 0.24 100 100

0.25 to 0.49 75 65

0.50 to 0.74 50 Remove and Replace

0.75 or greater Remove and Replace Remove and Replace

Where either of the two cores from a sublot show a thickness deficiency of

0.75 inch or greater, drill two more cores in the sublot and compute the average thickness of the four cores. If this average shows a thickness deficiency of 0.75 inch or more remove the entire sublot.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO M 182 (2005; R 2017) Standard Specification for Burlap Cloth Made from Jute or Kenaf and Cotton Mats

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AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE (ACI)

ACI 211.1 (1991; R 2009) Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight and Mass Concrete

ACI 214R (2011) Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete

ACI 305R (2020) Guide to Hot Weather Concreting

ACI 306R (2016) Guide to Cold Weather Concreting

ACI 325.14R (2017) Guide for Design and Proportioning of Concrete Mixtures for Pavements

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A184/A184M (2019) Standard Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A615/A615M (2022) Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A996/A996M (2016) Standard Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A1064/A1064M (2017) Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete

ASTM A1078/A1078M (2019) Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Dowels in Concrete Pavement

ASTM C31/C31M (2022) Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

ASTM C33/C33M (2018) Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C78/C78M (2022) Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

ASTM C88 (2018) Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C94/C94M (2022a) Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C114 (2015) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement

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ASTM C117 (2017) Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

ASTM C123/C123M (2014) Standard Test Method for Lightweight Particles in Aggregate

ASTM C125 (2021a) Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C131/C131M (2020) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C136/C136M (2019) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM C138/C138M (2017a) Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ASTM C142/C142M (2017) Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates

ASTM C143/C143M (2020) Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C150/C150M (2022) Standard Specification for Portland Cement

ASTM C172/C172M (2017) Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete

ASTM C174/C174M (2017) Standard Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Concrete Elements Using Drilled Concrete Cores

ASTM C192/C192M (2019) Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory

ASTM C231/C231M (2022) Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

ASTM C260/C260M (2010a; R 2016) Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C294 (2012; R 2017) Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C295/C295M (2019) Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete

ASTM C457/C457M (2016) Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete

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ASTM C494/C494M (2019; E 2022) Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C618 (2022) Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

ASTM C881/C881M (2020a) Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete

ASTM C989/C989M (2022) Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars

ASTM C1017/C1017M (2013; E 2015) Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete

ASTM C1064/C1064M (2017) Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C1077 (2017) Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C1260 (2021) Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C1567 (2021) Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C1602/C1602M (2022) Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM C1895 (2020) Standard Test Method for Determination of Mohs Scratch Hardness

ASTM D75/D75M (2019) Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

ASTM D1752 (2018) Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber, Cork and Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

ASTM D2995 (1999; R 2009) Determining Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors

ASTM D3665 (2012; R 2017) Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials

ASTM D4791 (2019) Flat Particles, Elongated

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Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate

ASTM E1274 (2018) Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Roughness Using a Profilograph

NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION (NRMCA)

NRMCA QC 3 (2015) Quality Control Manual: Section 3, Plant Certifications Checklist:

Certification of Ready Mixed Concrete Production Facilities

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

COE CRD-C 55 (1992) Test Method for Within-Batch Uniformity of Freshly Mixed Concrete

COE CRD-C 130 (2001) Standard Recommended Practice for Estimating Scratch Hardness of Coarse Aggregate Particles

COE CRD-C 143 (1962) Specifications for Meters for Automatic Indication of Moisture in Fine Aggregate

COE CRD-C 300 (1990) Specifications for Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete

COE CRD-C 521 (1981) Standard Test Method for Frequency and Amplitude of Vibrators for Concrete

COE CRD-C 662 (2009) Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials, Lithium Nitrate Admixture and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

TSPWG M 3-250-04.97-05 (2019) Proportioning Concrete Mixtures with Graded Aggregates for Rigid Airfield Pavements

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for Contractor Quality Control approval. Submittals with an "S" are for inclusion in the Sustainability eNotebook, in conformance to Section 01 33 29 SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS AND REPORTING. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00

SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Proposed Techniques ; G

Preliminary Proposed Proportioning ; G

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Pavement Quality Control Plan ; G

Stringless Technology ; G

SD-03 Product Data

Diamond Grinding Plan ; G

Dowels ; G

Dowel Bar Assemblies ; G

Equipment ; G

Concrete Patching Mixture ; GCore Backfill Material ; G

SD-05 Design Data

Proportioning Studies ; G

SD-06 Test Reports

Batch Plant Manufacturer's Inspection Report ; G

Slipform Paver Manufacturer's Inspection Report ; G

Sampling and Testing ; G

Diamond Grinding of PCC Surfaces ; G

Mixer Performance (Uniformity) Testing ; G

Repair Recommendations Plan ; G

Paving Lot Report ; G

SD-07 Certificates

Contractor Quality Control (CQC) Staff ; G

Laboratory Accreditation and Validation ; G

Commercial Laboratory ; G

NRMCA Certificate of Conformance

Petrographer Resume ; G

Licensed Surveyor ; G

Concrete Batch Plant Operator ; G

Profilograph Operator ; G

1.4 QUALITY CONTROL

1.4.1 Contractor Quality Control (CQC) Staff

Reference Section 01 45 00.00 20 QUALITY CONTROL for general CQC personnel

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 9 qualification requirements. In addition, submit specific CQC personnel qualification requirements listed below. Submit qualifications and resumes for the Concrete Paving CQC Manager and petrographer. Submit certification for all CQC personnel assigned to concrete construction for their respective position:

a. Identify an individual within the onsite work organization as the Concrete Paving CQC Manager, who is responsible for overall management of concrete paving CQC and has the authority to act in all concrete paving CQC matters including authority to stop concrete paving work which is out of compliance.

The minimum requirements for the Concrete Paving CQC Manager consist of 8 years airfield concrete paving experience similar to work required under this contract with a minimum of 3 years in a concrete paving CQC role. The Concrete Paving CQC Manager is a separate person, and is in addition to the QC Manager identified in Section

01 45 00.00 20 QUALITY CONTROL.

b. Assistant Quality Control Systems Manager: The minimum requirements for the AQCSM consist of being a graduate engineer or graduate of construction management, with a minimum of 3 years airfield pavement construction experience. Potential candidates not meeting the educational degree requirements listed in this paragraph, but having a minimum of 5 years of airfield pavement construction experience may also be submitted. All candidates shall be subject to Government review and approval before any phases of the project may begin. The Assistant Quality Control Systems Manager must be dedicated to this project and be on-site during all paving operations.

c. CQC personnel responsible for inspection of concrete paving operations: ACI Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector. The ACI Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector is required to be present at the paving site during all paving operations, with the exception of the initial saw cutting operation. The QC manager is required to be present during initial saw cutting operations.

d. CQC staff is required to oversee all aspects of sawing operations (sawing, flushing, vacuuming, checking for random cracking, lighting).

e. Lead Foreman or Journeyman of the Concrete Placing, Finishing, and Curing Crews: ACI Advanced Concrete Flatwork Finisher .

f . Batch Plant Manufacturer's Representative: A technical representative from the batch plant manufacturer is required to be on-site during the test section construction and when a stop is required per Table 17 to inspect and make necessary adjustments to all components of the batch plant including but not limited to aggregate bin weighing operations, water metering, cement and fly ash weighing devices. All necessary inspections and adjustments by the manufacturer technical representative are required to be performed prior to uniformity testing. Submit a written Batch Plant Manufacturer's Inspection Report signed by the technical representative noting all inspection items and corrections and stating the batch plant is capable of producing the volume of concrete as required herein.

g. Field Testing Technicians: ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician, Grade I.

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h. Slipform Paving Equipment Manufacturer's Representative: A technical representative of the slipform paving equipment manufacturer is required to be on-site during the test section construction to inspect and make corrections to the paving equipment to provide proper operations. Perform a complete and full hydraulic flow test of the vibrator system prior to the test section being placed. Submit a written Slipform Paver Manufacturer's Inspection Report signed by the manufacturer's technical representative noting all inspections, corrections, and flow tests have been performed and the paver is in a condition to perform the required work.

i . Laboratory Testing Technicians: ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician and ACI Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician, Level 1 or 2.

1.4.2 Other Staff

Submit for approval the qualifications and resumes for the following staff:

a. Petrographer: Bachelor of Science degree in geology or petrography, trained in petrographic examination of concrete aggregate according to ASTM C294 and ASTM C295/C295M and trained in identification of the specific deleterious materials and tests identified in this specification. Detail the education, training and experience related to the project-specific test methods and deleterious materials in the Petrographer Resume and submit at least 20 days before petrographic and deleterious materials examination is to commence .

b. Licensed Surveyor : Perform all survey work under the supervision of a Licensed Surveyor.

c. Concrete Batch Plant Operator : National Ready Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA) Plant Manager certification.

d. Profilograph Operator : Certification by equipment manufacturer or a state Department of Transportation .

1.4.3 Laboratory Accreditation and Validation

Provide laboratory and testing facilities. Submit evidence of accreditation or validation of the commercial laboratory by an independent evaluation authority, indicating conformance to ASTM C1077, including all applicable test procedures identified in this specification. If multiple laboratories are proposed, identify which tests will be conducted by each.

Submit accreditation documentation a minimum of 30 days before any specified testing is performed. The laboratories performing the tests are required to be accredited in accordance with ASTM C1077, including ASTM C78/C78M and ASTM C1260. Provide current accreditation and include all the required and optional test methods, as specified within all technical portions of the specificaitons . All laboratories performing testing, including parent, satelite and on-site, must be accredited or validated.

1.4.3.1 Aggregate Testing and Mix Proportioning

Aggregate testing and mixture proportioning studies are required to be performed by a commercial laboratory.

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1.4.3.2 Acceptance Testing

Provide all materials, labor, and facilities required for molding, curing, testing, and protecting test specimens at the paving site and in the laboratory. Provide steel molds for molding the beam specimens. Provide on-site temperature-controlled concrete curing facilities. Provide and maintain boxes or other facilities suitable for storing and curing the specimens at the paving site while in the mold within the temperature range stipulated by ASTM C31/C31M. Provide flexural loading equipment in accordance with ASTM C78/C78M. Provide compressive loading equipment in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M as determined by the testing laboratory .

1.4.3.3 Contractor Pavement Quality Control Plan

Submit the Pavement Quality Control Plan . The Pavement Quality Control Plan is specific to this specification and supplements the overall Quality Control Plan required by 01 45 00.00 20 . Do not produce portland cement concrete pavement for payment until the pavement quality control plan has been approved. In the pavement quality control plan, address all elements which affect the quality of the pavement including, but not limited to:

a. Condition of underlying course

b. Condition of adjacent pavement and dowels

c. Aggregate production

The aggregate production shall include a workplan outlining the location of the aggregate sources, aggregate sampling, tests that will be performed on material in accordance with this specification, etc.

d. Aggregate Stockpile management and aggregate grading Stockpile management shall include methods for dealing with the aggregate stockpile location and designation, aggregate contamination and cross-contamination and aggregate segregation.

e. Uniformity test plan The quality control plan shall include a uniformity test plan which shall show at a minimum: date, location and time of test;

the applicable testing criteria and standards that will be followed; a chronological outline of the steps that will comprise the uniformity test; and a copy of completed uniformity test results sheet that was performed on a past project.

f . Mix proportions and batching operations

g. Transportation

Description of plastic concrete transportation method.

Transportation methodology should also reference and reflect selected placement technique. Transportaion methodology should account for type of underlying material and the potential existence of utility penetration and other obstacles.

Transportation methodology shall include safety measures to ensure construction safety and maintain a FOD free area when constructing near active airfield pavements.

h. Placing and consolidation i . Placing dowels and tie bars j . Finishing and texturing

k. Curing l . Sawcutting Joints

m. CQC Testing and Inspection

The quality control plan shall include evidence of CQC sampling and testing from past projects. This can be accomplished through past testing logs and reports of corrective action from previous projects. A short narritive describing the proecedure of dealing

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 12 with corrective action should also be included. If none exist, a written outline of the testing requirements and procedure for remedial actions shall be submitted. All items shall be reviewed and approved by the contracting officer.

n. Inclement / Hot / Cold Weather Plans

1.4.3.4 Laboratory Inspection

The Government will inspect all laboratories requiring validation for equipment and test procedures prior to the start of any concreting operations for conformance to ASTM C1077. Schedule and provide payment for laboratory inspections. Additional payment or a time extension due to failure to acquire the required laboratory validation is not allowed. The laboratory is to maintain this certification for the duration of the project.

1.4.4 Preconstruction Testing of Materials

All sampling and testing is required to be performed using an approved commercial laboratory or, for cementitious materials and chemical admixtures, a laboratory maintained by the manufacturer of the material.

Materials are not allowed to be used until notice of acceptance has been given. Additional payment or extension of time due to failure of any material to meet project requirements, or for any additional sampling or testing required is not allowed. Additional tests may be performed by the Government; such Government testing does not relieve any required testing responsibilities.

1.4.4.1 Aggregates

Sample aggregates in the presence of a Government Representative. Obtain samples representative of the materials to be used for the project in accordance with ASTM D75/D75M. Perform all aggregate tests no earlier than 6 months prior to test section construction.

1.4.4.2 Chemical Admixtures, Curing Compounds and Epoxies

At least 30 days before the material is used, submit certified copies of test results for the specific lots or batches to be used on the project.

Provide test results less than 5 years old prior to use in the work.

Retest chemical admixtures that have been in storage for longer than 6 months or that have been subjected to temperatures outside of manufacturer requirements. Reject if test results do not meet the Level 2 proof of compliance requirements of ASTM C494/C494M.

1.4.4.3 Testing of Cementitious Materials

All materials referenced under paragraph CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS will be accepted on the basis of manufacturer's certification of compliance, accompanied by mill test reports showing that the material in each shipment meets the requirements of the specification under which it is provided. Provide mill test reports no more than 1 month old, prior to use in the work. Do not use cementitious materials until notice of acceptance has been given. Cementitious materials may be subjected to testing by the Government from samples obtained at the mill, at transfer points, or at the project site. If tests prove that a cementitious material that has been delivered is unsatisfactory, promptly remove it from the project site. Retest cementitious material that has not been used within 6 months after testing, and reject if test results do not meet

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 13 manufacturer requirements.

1.4.5 Testing During Construction

During construction, sample and test aggregates, cementitious materials, and concrete as specified herein. The Government will sample and test concrete and ingredient materials as considered appropriate. Provide facilities and labor necessary for procurement of representative test samples. Testing by the Government does not relieve the specified testing requirements.

1.4.6 Test Section

1.4.6.1 General

a. After all plant, personnel, material, equipment, paving schedule, and uniformity testing submittals have been reviewed and approved, the test section paving can be scheduled.

b. Construct a separate test section for each placement method proposed for use. Construct a separate test section for each paver and each batch plant proposed for use.

c. Up to 15 days, but not more than 60 days, prior to construction of the concrete pavement, construct a test section as part of the production paving area at an outer edge as indicated on the drawings. Construct the pilot lane and fill-in lane test sections on separate days using the approved mixture proportions. Aggregate proportioning changes may be required due to specification requirements not being met.

d. Construct the test section matching the thickest pavement section and underlying structure required in the work. Use the same equipment, materials, and construction techniques on the test sections as proposed for use in all subsequent work. The underlying layers must be reviewed and approved by the Government prior to paving of the test section.

e. Perform underlying layer preparation, concrete production, placing, consolidating, texturing, curing, construction of joints, and all testing in accordance with applicable provisions of this specification.

f. Use the test sections to develop and demonstrate the proposed techniques of mixing, hauling, placing, consolidating, finishing, texturing, curing, initial saw cutting, start-up procedures, sampling, testing methods, plant operations, and the preparation of the construction joints for production paving. Report per requirements of paragraph Reports.

1.4.6.2 Pilot Lane

Construct the test section consisting of one continuous paving lane at least 400 feet long and to the same thickness as the thickest portion of pavement shown on the Drawings. The test section may not exceed 180 m 600 feet; all pavement placed for the test section before or after 130 m 400 feet of continuously acceptable placement must be removed. Construct at the same lane width as that required for use in the project. If doweled longitudinal construction joints are required in any of the production pavements, install them full length along one side of the test lane

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 14 throughout the test section.

1.4.6.3 Fill-In Lane

A fill-in lane is defined as full width concrete placement using two adjacent lanes as forms. Consider the first 400 feet of the initial production fill-in lane as a test section for purposes of testing and evaluation. All requirements for the test section are applicable. Obtain cores from the fill-in lane side of the longitudinal construction joint with the pilot lane.

1.4.6.4 Testing and Inspection

a. Provide aggregate, fresh concrete, and hardened concrete sampling and testing in accordance with paragraph Testing and Inspection by Contractor and Table 17. Provide inspection of the hardened concrete for surface smoothness, plan grade, edge slump and joint face deformation in accordance with the specifications. Provide a test section report in accordance with paragraph Reports.

b. Provide sampling and testing of the fresh air content of the concrete on samples obtained before and after the paver. Provide stationing references so samples before and after the paver can be obtained from the same location. After the paver, obtain a composite sample to the full depth of the placement. Obtain one sample from along the vibrator path and the second from between vibrators at each of two locations across the pavement width. Sample no closer than 24 inches from the edge of the slab. Obtain samples from the interior of the slab from a work bridge spanning the lane width. Immediately fill voids resulting from sample collection with freshly mixed concrete, strike off, consolidate with an internal vibrator, and refinish.

c. No more than three working days after completion of the test sections, procure and evaluate eight cores with a minimum diameter of 6 inches by full depth cut from points selected in the test sections by the Government on a basis of two cores per sublot. Evaluate cores in accordance with paragraph: Evaluation of Cores.

1.4.6.5 Acceptance of Test Section

a. Construct the test sections meeting the specification requirements including plastic and hardened concrete properties, surface texture, thickness, grade, smoothness, joint face deformation, edge slump, and plan joint alignment.

b. Compare the air contents taken before and after the paver to evaluate air loss through the paver. Limit the difference between before and after values within the tolerances of the design air content indicated in paragraph Air Content. Evaluate values exceeding this tolerance by determining the air void spacing and air void content in accordance with ASTM C457/C457M on core samples obtained on the same longitudinal line two/six meters/feet ahead of the sampling location as the fresh sample. Adjust the mix design air content behind the paver to meet the design air content and inspect the vibrators.

c. Do not commence production paving until the results on aggregates and concrete, including evaluation of cores, and all pavement measurements for edge slump, joint face deformation, actual plan grade, surface smoothness, and thickness have been submitted and approved, and the

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 15 payment calculation has been submitted for information only. Remove test sections which do not meet specification requirements and conduct additional test sections, as required. If an acceptable test section is unable to be constructed by slipform paving, repair or replace the slipform paving equipment, or complete the paving using fixed-forms and equipment as required by the specification. Pavement accepted as a production lot will be evaluated and paid as specified in PART 1 GENERAL. The contractor will not be allowed to continue paving at their own risk.

1.4.7 Acceptability of Work

The materials and the pavement itself will be accepted on the basis of production testing. The Government may make check tests to validate the results of the production testing. If the results of the production testing vary by less than 2.0 percent of the Government's test results, the results of the production testing will be used. If the results of the Government and production tests vary by 2.0 percent, but less than 4.0 percent, the average of the two will be considered the value to be used.

If these vary by 4.0 percent or more, carefully evaluate each sampling and testing procedure and obtain another series of Government and production tests on duplicate samples of material. If these vary by 4.0 percent or more, use the results of the tests made by the Government and the Government will continue check testing of this item on a continuous basis until the two sets of tests agree within less than 4.0 percent on a regular basis. Testing performed by the Government does not relieve the specified testing requirements.

1.4.8 Acceptance Requirements

1.4.8.1 Pavement Lots

A lot is that quantity of construction to be evaluated for acceptance with specification requirements. A lot is equal to production paving not to exceed 1000 cubic yards . In order to evaluate thickness, divide each lot into sublots not to exceed 250 cubic yards . Make grade determinations on the lot as a whole. Make surface smoothness determinations on every 0.1 mile segment in each lot. Select sample locations on a random basis in accordance with ASTM D3665. Areas of pavement placed with hand methods are considered a separate lot for evaluation. When operational conditions cause a lot to be terminated before the specified four sublots have been completed, use the following procedure to adjust the lot size and number of tests for the lot. Where three sublots have been completed, they constitute a lot. Where one or two sublots have been completed, incorporate them into the next lot (except for the last lot), and the total number of sublots used and acceptance criteria adjusted accordingly.

1.4.8.2 Evaluation

Provide all sampling and testing required for acceptance and payment adjustment, including batch tickets with all required acceptance testing.

Individuals performing sampling, testing and inspection duties are required to meet the requirements of paragraph: Contractor Quality Control Staff. The Government reserves the right to direct additional samples and tests for any area which appears to deviate from the specification requirements. Testing in these areas are in addition to the sublot or lot testing, and the requirements for these areas are the same as those for a sublot or lot. Provide facilities, and where directed personnel, to assist in obtaining samples for any Government testing.

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1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.5.1 Bulk Cementitious Materials

Provide all cementitious materials in bulk at a temperature, as delivered to storage at the site, not exceeding 150 degrees F . Provide sufficient cementitious materials in storage to sustain continuous operation of the concrete mixing plant while the pavement is being placed. Provide separate facilities to prevent any intermixing during unloading, transporting, storing, and handling of each type of cementitious material.

1.5.2 Aggregate Materials

Store aggregate at the site of the batching and mixing plant avoiding breakage, segregation, intermixing or contamination by foreign materials.

Store each size of aggregate from each source separately and allow the fine aggregate and the smallest size coarse aggregate to drain. Provide a minimum 24 inch thick sacrificial layer left undisturbed for each aggregate stored on ground or provide a paved or chemically stabilized surface course beneath the stockpiles. Maintain sufficient aggregate at the site at all times to permit continuous uninterrupted operation of the mixing plant at the time concrete pavement is being placed. Do not allow tracked equipment on coarse aggregate stockpiles.

1.5.3 Other Materials

Store reinforcing bars and accessories above the ground on supports.

Store all materials to avoid contamination and deterioration.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This section is intended to stand alone for construction of concrete pavement. However, where the construction covered herein interfaces with other sections, construct each interface to conform to the requirements of both this section and the other section, including tolerances for both.

2.1.1 SURFACE SMOOTHNESS

Use the profilograph method for all longitudinal testing, except for paving lanes less than 200 feet in length. Use the straightedge method for transverse testing, for longitudinal testing where the length of each pavement lane is less than 200 feet , and at the ends of the paving limits for the project. Smoothness requirements do not apply over crowns, drainage structures, or similar penetrations. Maintain detailed notes of the testing results and provide a copy to the Government after each day's testing.

2.1.1.1 Straightedge Testing

Provide the finished surfaces of the pavements with no abrupt change of 1/4 inch or more, and all pavements within the limits specified when checked with an approved 12 foot straightedge. Report measurements to the nearest 1/16 inch. Provide all other airfield areas with a variation from a straight edge not greater than 1/4 inch in either the longitudinal or transverse direction.

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 17

2.1.1.2 Profilograph Testing

Provide the finished surfaces of the pavements with no abrupt change of 1/4 inch or more, and each 0.1 mile segment of each pavement lot with a Profile Index not greater than specified when tested with an approved California-type profilograph. Provide runways and taxiways with a Profile index not greater than 7 inches per mile in the longitudinal direction.

Provide runway and taxiway transverse smoothness measured with the straightedge method and the straightedge requirements in accordance with paragraph Straightedge Testing. Provide all other airfield areas with a Profile Index not greater than 9 inches per mile in the longitudinal direction.

2.1.1.3 Bumps ("Must Grind" Areas)

Reduce any bumps ("must grind" areas) shown on the profilograph trace or by straightedge measurements which exceed 0.4 inch in height by diamond grinding in accordance with paragraph DIAMOND GRINDING OF PCC SURFACES below until they do not exceed 0.3 inch when retested. Taper such diamond grinding in all directions to provide smooth transitions to areas not requiring diamond grinding.

2.1.1.4 Testing Method

After the concrete has hardened sufficiently to permit walking thereon, but not later than 48 hours after placement, test the entire surface of the pavement in each lot in such a manner as to reveal all surface irregularities exceeding the tolerances specified above. If any pavement areas are diamond ground, retest these areas immediately after diamond grinding. Test the entire area of the pavement in both a longitudinal and a transverse direction on parallel lines. Perform the transverse lines 15 feet or less apart, as directed. Perform the longitudinal lines at the 1/8th point in from each side of the lane and at the centerline of each paving lane shown on the drawings, regardless of whether multiple lanes are allowed to be paved at the same time. Also test other areas having obvious deviations. Perform longitudinal testing lines continuous across all joints. Perform transverse testing lines for pilot lanes carried to construction joint lines and for fill-in lanes carried 24 inches across construction joints, and the readings in this area applied to the fill-in lane. Perform straightedge testing of the longitudinal edges of slipformed pilot lanes before paving fill-in lanes as specified below.

2.1.1.4.1 Straightedge Testing

Hold the straightedge in contact with the surface and move ahead one-half the length of the straightedge for each successive measurement. Determine the amount of surface irregularity by placing the freestanding (unleveled) straightedge on the pavement surface and measuring the maximum gap between the straightedge and the pavement surface. Determine measurements along the entire length of the straight edge.

2.1.1.4.2 Profilograph Testing

Perform profilograph testing using approved California profilograph and procedures described in ASTM E1274. Utilize electronic recording and automatic computerized reduction of data equipment to indicate "must-grind" bumps and the Profile Index for each 0.1 mile segment of the pavement lot. Accommodate grade breaks on aprons by breaking the profile segment into short sections and repositioning the blanking band on each

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 18 section. Provide the "blanking band" of 0.2 inch wide and the "bump template" span 1 inch with an offset of 0.4 inch . Count the profilograph testing of the last 30 feet of a paving lane in the longitudinal direction from each day's paving operation on the following day's continuation lane. Compute the profile index for each pass of the profilograph (3 per lane) in each 0.1 mile segment. The profile index for each segment is the average of the profile indices for each pass in each segment. Scale and proportion profilographs of unequal lengths to an equivalent 0.1 mile as outlined in the ASTM E1274. Provide a copy of the reduced tapes or digital record to the Government at the end of each day's testing.

2.1.2 Edge Slump and Joint Face Deformation

2.1.2.1 Edge Slump

When slip-form paving is used, provide a maximum of 15.0 percent of each free edge of each pavement panel with a maximum edge slump of 1/4 inch and none of the free edge of the pavement lot with an edge slump exceeding 3/8 inch . (A pavement panel is defined as a lane width by the length between two adjacent transverse contraction joints. The free edge of the pavement is the linear measurement of pavement panel edge originally constructed as non-adjacent to any existing pavement; for example, 100 feet of pilot lane originally constructed as a separate lane, would have 100 feet of free edge on each side; 100 feet of fill-in lane would have no free edge.)

The area affected by the downward movement of the concrete along the pavement edge is a maximum of 18 inches back from the edge.

2.1.2.2 Joint Face Deformation

Provide a vertical joint face with a surface within the maximum limits shown in Table 5. Provide the offset measurements from all five Joint Face Deformation Limits from Table 5 at the specified testing frequency.

Properly reference all recorded measurements in accordance with paving lane identification and stationing, and submit a report within 10 days after measurement is made. Identify areas requiring replacement within the report.

TABLE 5

JOINT FACE DEFORMATION LIMITS

Offset from Straightedge Applied Longitudinally to Pavement Surface (a)

Offset from Straightedge Applied Longitudinally to Vertical Face (b)

Offset from Straightedge Applied Top to Bottom Against the Joint Face (c)

Abrupt Offset in Any Direction (d)

Offset of Joint Face from True Vertical (e)

Airfield Pavement

1/8 inch 1/4 inch 3/8 inch 1/4 inch 1 inch per 12 inches

All Other Pavement

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TABLE 5

JOINT FACE DEFORMATION LIMITS

Offset from Straightedge Applied Longitudinally to Pavement Surface (a)

Offset from Straightedge Applied Longitudinally to Vertical Face (b)

Offset from Straightedge Applied Top to Bottom Against the Joint Face (c)

Abrupt Offset in Any Direction (d)

Offset of Joint Face from True Vertical (e)

1/4 inch All other items same as airfield pavement

(a) Measurement is taken by placing the straightedge longitudinally on the pavement surface 1 inch from the free edge. Record the longitudinal joint face deformation of the joint on a continuous line 1 inch back from the joint line using the 12 foot straightedge advanced one-half its length for each reading.

(b) Measurement is taken by applying the straightedge longitudinally along the center of the vertical joint face. Record the longitudinal joint face deformation using the 12 foot straightedge advanced one-half its length for each reading.

(c) Measurement places a 3/8 inch spacer attached to a straightedge and spaced approximately equal to the thickness of the concrete being measured. The offset from straightedge with spacers is measured by placing the spacers against the top and bottom of the vertical concrete face. Record measurements at 5 foot spacings.

(d) Check for abrupt offsets at any location that an abrupt change in the joint face plane appears to be present through use of a 12 foot straightedge.

(e) Measurement of the offset from the joint face to a level in the true vertical position against the joint face. Record measurements at 5 foot spacings.

2.1.2.3 Edge Slump Determination

Test the pavement surface to determine edge slump immediately after the concrete has hardened sufficiently to permit walking thereon. Perform testing with a minimum 12 foot straightedge to reveal irregularities exceeding the edge slump tolerance specified above. Determine the vertical edge slump at each free edge of each slipformed paving lane constructed. Place the straightedge transverse to the direction of paving and the end of the straightedge located at the edge of the paving lane.

Record measurements at 5 to 10 foot spacings, as directed, commencing at the header where paving was started. Initially record measurements at 5 foot intervals in each lane. When no deficiencies are present after 5 measurements, the interval may be increased. The maximum interval is 10 feet . When any deficiencies exist, return the interval to 5 feet .

Perform other tests of the exposed joint face to produce a uniform, true vertical joint face. Properly reference all recorded measurements in

SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 20 accordance with paving lane identification and stationing, and submit a report within 10 days after placement and before and adjacent pavement lanes are constructed . Identify areas requiring replacement within the report.

2.1.2.4 Excessive Edge Slump or Joint Face Deformation

When edge slump or joint face deformation exceeding the limits specified above is encountered on either side of the paving lane, record additional straightedge measurements to define the linear limits of the excessive slump or joint face deformation. Remove and replace concrete slabs having excessive edge slump or joint deformation to the next transverse joint in conformance with paragraph REPAIR, REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF NEWLY CONSTRUCTED SLABS. Discontinue use of slip-form paving equipment and procedures that fail to consistently provide edges within the specified tolerances on edge slump and joint face deformation and construct by means of standard paving procedures using fixed forms.

2.1.3 Plan Grade

Within 5 days after paving of each lot, test the finished surface of the pavement area by running lines of levels at intervals corresponding with every longitudinal and transverse joint to determine the elevation at each joint intersection. Record the results of this survey and provide a copy signed by a registered professional land surveyor to the Government at the completion of the survey of each lot. Provide finished surfaces of all airfield pavements that vary less than 1/2 inch above or below the plan grade line or elevation indicated. The above deviations from the approved grade line and elevation are not permitted in areas where closer conformance with the planned grade and elevation is required for the proper functioning of appurtenant structures. Provide finished surfaces of new abutting pavements that coincide at their juncture. Provide horizontal control of the finished surfaces of all airfield pavements that vary not more than 1/2 inch from the plan joint alignment indicated.

2.1.4 Flexural Strength

Each lot of pavement will be evaluated for acceptance for flexural strength in accordance with paragraph Sampling and Testing and paragraph Computations.

2.1.4.1 Sampling and Testing

For acceptance, obtain one composite sample of concrete from each sublot in accordance with ASTM C172/C172M from one batch or truckload. Fabricate and cure test beams 6 x 6 inches in accordance with ASTM C31/C31M; and test at 14 days in accordance with ASTM C78/C78M. Test two beams per sublot (8 per lot).

2.1.4.2 Computations

Average the eight 14-day strength tests for the lot. Use the average strength in accordance with paragraph Concrete Strength For Final Acceptance.

2.1.5 Thickness

Each lot of pavement will be evaluated for acceptance and payment adjustment in accordance with the following procedure. Drill two cores, SECTION 32 13 14.13 Page 21 between 4 and 6 inches in diameter, from the pavement, per sublot (8 per lot). Drill the cores within 3 days after lot placement, fill the core holes with an approved concrete patching mixture , and respray the cored areas with curing compound. Prevent the core hole from drying or damage until backfilled. Complete backfillng of core hole during the subsequent production placement or within 5 calendar days, whichever occurs first.

Record eight measurements of thickness around the circumference of each core and one in the center, in accordance with ASTM C174/C174M. Provide the results with the thickness measurement data.