16. Enivronmental Final Governing Standards Ascension Island.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

WASHINGTON DC

OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY

MEMORANDUM FOR AFCEC/CZ

FROM: SAF/IEE

1665 Air Force Pentagon Washington, DC 20330-1665

SUBJECT: Approval of Revised Environmental Governing Standards for the Ascension Island

Per your request, the revised Final Governing Standards for Ascension Island (FGS-AI) is approved in accordance with the DODI 4715.05, Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States. The FGS-AI should be distributed for implementation by all DOD entitites on Ascension Island.

MARK A. CORRELL, P.E.

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Environment, Safety and Infrastructure)

Attachment:

1. FGS-AI_Nov 2019

Cc:

AFIMSC Det 4/CC

AFRICOM/ACJ4

AFLOA-JACE/FSC

AFSPC/JA/JAI

USAFE/JA/JAI

US Diplomatic Mission – Ascension Island

CORRELL.MARK

.A.1157490385

Digitally signed by

CORRELL.MARK.A.1157490385

Date: 2020.05.11 11:50:38 -04'00'

May 11, 2020

US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

ASCENSION ISLAND

Prepared by the

Air Force Civil Engineer Center Technical Support-Environmental Quality Branch on behalf of the

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure)

November 2019

This Page Intentionally Blank

FGS-Ascension Island Executive Summary

October 2019

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DoDI 4715.05, Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States, establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for managing environmental compliance to protect human health and safety outside the United States (US) on installations under DoD control. The DoDI designates Lead Environmental Components (LECs) for specific countries and geographic locations outside the US and tasks them to perform various duties. Those duties include establishing and maintaining specific environmental compliance requirements all DoD installations located in the LEC's assigned country must obey. DoDI 4715.05 designates the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) as the LEC for Ascension Island (AI) and authorizes SECAF to delegate LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to an appropriate general-level commander. At the present time, SECAF has delegated LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure). In accordance with Air Force Instruction 32-7091, Environmental Management Outside the United States, the Air Force Installation Management Support Center, Detachment 4, Civil Engineer Division (AFIMSC, Det4/CEI) provides support to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure) in the performance of LEC responsibilities, to include updating Final Governing Standards (FGS).

FGS for a country are environmental compliance standards that include substantive provisions (e.g., technical limits on air emissions or wastewater discharges) and specific management practices (e.g., recordkeeping and reporting requirements) that apply to all DoD installations located in that country unless an exemption or exception applies. In accordance with DoDI 4715.05, FGS do not address remediation of environmental contamination from DoD activities and do not address environmental project planning requirements (i.e., environmental impacts analysis process). Because they apply to all DoD installations on Ascension Island, the FGS-AI updates described below were developed based on teamwork, cooperation, and consultation among DoD Service Component representatives within the US European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility and the EUCOM Theater Environmental Coordinator.

The 2019 FGS-AI development was the 1st instance of the document. All chapters are current with a legislative cutoff date of 30 September 2017.

Revalidations and Updates IAW DODI 4715.05, Encl 3 (4)(f)

Action Date Posted By Version 1: Initial Development (Legislative cutoff date of September 2017) Nov 2019 SECAF/IEE

FGS-Ascension Island Executive Summary

FGS-Ascension Island Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 – OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Applicability .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Exemptions ............................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.4 Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Permits and Reporting............................................................................................................ 1-2

1.6 Website References ................................................................................................................ 1-3

1.7 Additional Information .......................................................................................................... 1-3

1.8 Lead Environmental Component ........................................................................................... 1-4

CHAPTER 2 – AIR EMISSIONS ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 2-5

CHAPTER 3 – DRINKING WATER ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 3-4

CHAPTER 4 – WASTEWATER ................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 4-4

CHAPTER 5 – HAZARDOUS MATERIAL .............................................................................. 5-1

5.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 5-2

CHAPTER 6 – HAZARDOUS WASTE ..................................................................................... 6-1

6.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 6-3

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 7 – SOLID WASTE .................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 7-5

CHAPTER 8 – MEDICAL WASTE ........................................................................................... 8-1

8.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 8-1

8.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 8-2

CHAPTER 9 – PETROLEUM, OIL, AND LUBRICANTS (POL) ............................................ 9-1

9.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 9-3

CHAPTER 10 – RESERVED .................................................................................................... 10-1

CHAPTER 11 – PESTICIDES .................................................................................................. 11-1

11.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 11-1

11.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 11-3

CHAPTER 12 – HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES .............................................. 12-1

12.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 12-1

12.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 12-3

CHAPTER 13 – NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES....................... 13-1

13.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 13-1

13.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 13-2

CHAPTER 14 – POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs) .............................................. 14-1

14.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 14-1

14.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 14-3

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 15 – ASBESTOS .................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 15-1

15.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 15-2

CHAPTER 16 – RESERVED .................................................................................................... 16-1

CHAPTER 17 – LEAD-BASED PAINT. ................................................................................. 17-1

17.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 17-1

17.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 17-1

17.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 17-3

CHAPTER 18 – SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING ............................... 18-1

18.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 18-1

18.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 18-1

18.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

CHAPTER 19 – UNDERGROUNG STORAGE TANKS (USTs) ........................................... 19-1

19.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 19-1

19.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 19-1

19.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 19-3

APPENDICES

Appendix AP1 – List of Hazardous Waste / Substances / Materials for Spill Reporting ......... AP-1

Appendix AP2 – Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume ......................... AP-2

FGS-AI Chapter 1, Overview

1-1 October 2019

CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW

C1.1. SCOPE

The primary purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide specific standards for environmental compliance at Department of Defense (DoD) installations in Ascension Island.

This document implements DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.05, "Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States" and is based on DoD 4715.05-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document” (OEBGD).

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. This document provides environmental standards for actions for DoD Components at installations in Ascension Island.

C1.2.2. Activities and installations shall notify the Lead Environmental Component (LEC) of any directly conflicting DoD component policies or directives they discover before imposing criteria more protective than provided in these FGS.

C1.2.3. DoD components shall not enter into agreements with Ascension Island authorities at any level that establish criteria for compliance with environmental criteria different than provided in these FGS without the prior written approval of the LEC.

C1.2.4. Owned, leased, and joint use facilities that are operated or maintained by DoD Components must comply with these standards when, and to the extent that, the Component controls the operation or maintenance activity(ies).

C1.2.5. At leased facilities operated and maintained by others, DoD Components may opt to require compliance with these standards by the lessor or contractor. In any case, lessors and contractors must fully comply with Ascension Island legal requirements.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS. These standards do not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices, and other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

C1.3.3. Operations of United States (US) military vessels or the operations of US military aircraft, or off installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational

1-2 October 2019 deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas, and when U.S. forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the United States. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives (DoDD) and DoDIs, and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. However, this FGS does apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and U.S. military aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material.

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (EO) 12344 “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” and conducted pursuant to 42 US Code (USC) 7158.

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the Department of Defense's past activities.

C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under E.O. 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions.”

C1.4. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this document, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater Component Commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues at the Component’s installations.

C1.4.2. Existing Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.3. Installation. A base, camp, post, station, yard, center or other activity (e.g., a geographically separated unit) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a Military Department that is located outside the US and outside any territory, commonwealth, or possession of the US.

C1.4.4. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project with a construction start date on or after 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.5. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C1.5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.5.1. DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with these FGS at least once every 3 years at all major installations.

1-3 October 2019

C1.5.2. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with these FGS.

C1.5.3. Unless otherwise specified, all record keeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in accordance with DoDI 8910.01-M, Volume 1, “DoD Information Collections Manual: Procedures for DoD Internal Information Collections.”

C1.5.4. These standards do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the US, the DoD, or any of its Components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although this document refers to other DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in DoD Instruction 4715.05. This document does not change other DoDDs or DoDIs or alter DoD policies.

C1.6. LEAD ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

The LEC for these FGS is the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure). However, the point of contact for environmental compliance issues is the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Environmental Directorate, Technical Support Division - Environmental Quality Branch (AFCEC/CZTQ).

Questions or comments pertaining to this FGS should be directed to AFCEC/CZTQ at:

AFCEC/CZTQ

2261 Hughes Ave Suite 155 Lackland AFB, TX 78236-9853

Telephone:

DSN 312-945-2332

Commercial +210-925-2332

Email:

afcec.cztq.workflow@us.af.mil mailto:afcec.cztq.workflow@us.af.mil

FGS-AI Chapter 2, Air Emissions

2-1 October 2019

- AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of solid waste are contained in Chapter 7, “Solid Waste.” Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Coal Refuse. Waste products from coal mining, cleaning, and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm and gob) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.2. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soil and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.3. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.4. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.5. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

C2.2.6. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). A compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.7. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.8. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to, passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles.

2-2 October 2019

C2.2.9. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.10. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel.

Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge;

wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.11. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Those substances listed in Table C2.T2.

C2.2.12. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.13. Perfluorocarbon (PFC). A compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.14. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.15. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

C2.2.16. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1, C2.3.2, C2.3.3, C2.3.4, or C2.3.5 designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.17. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.18. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which

2-3 October 2019 exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.19. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.20. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input capacity ≥ 2.93 megawatts (MW) (10 million British thermal units per hour [Btu/hr]).

C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in Table C2.T1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or nitrogen oxides (NOX) standards in C2.T1 must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 8.8 MW (30 million Btu/hr): Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity

> 29.3 MW (100 million Btu/hr): NOX and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.2. Incinerators. The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste,” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

2-4 October 2019

C2.3.2.1. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). All CISWI units must comply with the applicable emission standards in Table C2.T3 and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.2. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Each MWC unit must comply with the applicable emission standards in Table C2.T3 and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.3. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All sewage sludge incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn more than 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge, must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 grams per kilogram (g/kg) dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.4. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to all units.

These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste Management,” for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.4.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.4.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.4.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 850-871°C (1400-1600°F).

C2.3.2.4.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 982-1205°C (1800- 2200°F).

C2.3.2.4.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds.

C2.3.2.4.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable

Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all dry-cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use more than 9,460 liters (2,000 US gallons) per year of PCE (installation wide) in dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of

2-5 October 2019 the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions:

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard meter (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft2); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01- 6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

C2.3.6. Units Containing ODS Listed in Table C2.T2. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS, HFCs, and perfluorocarbons (PFC) from refrigeration equipment and ODS from fire suppression equipment.

C2.3.6.1. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling

2-6 October 2019 equipment operated by trained personnel. Refrigerant technicians shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or Ascension Island equivalent.

C2.3.6.2. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerant shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.3. Refrigerant Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.6.3.1. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Commercial refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.2. Industrial Process Refrigeration Equipment. Industrial process refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.3. Comfort Cooling Appliances. Comfort cooling appliances normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant and not covered by subparagraphs C2.3.6.3.1 or C2.3.6.3.2 must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 15% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.4. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does NOT apply to the following halon releases:

C2.3.6.4.1. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.4.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.4.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality; failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the

2-7 October 2019 environment; and a simulant agent cannot be used.

C2.3.7. Motor Vehicles. These criteria applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.8.

C2.3.7.1. All vehicles shall be inspected every two years to ensure that no tampering with factory-installed emission control equipment has occurred.

C2.3.7.2. If available on the local economy, use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

C2.3.8. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.8.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated from either of the following two criteria:

C2.3.8.1.1. Hg = H + 1.5L, where H is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). A structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5L of the structure envelope but not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.8.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features at least 40% in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, “nearby” means not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ht) of the feature, not to exceed 3.2 km (2 miles) if such feature achieves a height (Ht) 0.8 km (0.5 miles) from the stack that is at least 40% of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulae provided in C2.3.8.1.1 or 26 meters (85.3 feet), whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

2-8 October 2019

Table C2.T1. Emission Standards for Steam Generating Unitsa Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity

2.93 – 29.3 MW

(10 – 100 million BTU/hr) Size >29.3 MW

(Size >100 million BTU/hr) Fuel Type PM Opacityb SO2c PM Opacityb SO2c NOXd Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20 Gaseous - Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50 Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50e 0.10 20% 0.80 0.30 Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70 Other Solid Fuel f 0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A

Notes:

N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards apply to units constructed or substantially modified after 1 October 1994. Standards do not apply during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a six-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one six-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel sulfur content. SO2 emissions (lb/million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing at least 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/ million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight percent) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

f. Other solid fuels include wood or waste derived fuels.

2-9 October 2019

Table C2.T2. Class I and II Ozone Depleting Substances Class I

CFC - 11 CFC - 114 CFC - 215 Halon - 1211 CFC - 12 CFC - 115 CFC - 216 Halon - 1301 CFC - 13 CFC - 211 CFC - 217 Halon - 2402 CFC - 111 CFC - 212 Carbon Tetrachloride CFC - 112 CFC - 213 Methyl Chloroform CFC - 113 CFC - 214 Methyl Bromide CHFBr2 C2H2F3Br C3HF6Br C3H3F4Br HBFC-2201 (CHF2Br) C2H3FBr2 C3H2FBr5 C3H4FBr3 CH2FBr C2H3F2Br C3H2F2Br4 C3H4F2Br2 C2HFBr4 C2H4FBr C3H2F3Br3 C3H4F3Br C2HF2Br3 C3HFBr6 C3H2F4Br2 C3H5FBr2 C2HF3Br2 C3HF2Br5 C3H2F5Br C3H5F2Br C2HF4Br C3HF3Br4 C3H3FBr4 C3H6FBr C2H2FBr3 C3HF4Br3 C3H3F2Br3 Chlorobromomethane C2H2F2Br2 C3HF5Br2 C3H3F3Br2

Class II HCFC – 21 HCFC – 133a HCFC – 225cb HCFC – 243 HCFC – 22 HCFC – 141b HCFC – 226 HCFC – 244 HCFC – 31 HCFC – 142b HCFC – 231 HCFC – 251

HCFC – 121 HCFC – 151 HCFC – 232 HCFC – 252

HCFC – 122 HCFC – 221 HCFC - 233 HCFC – 253

HCFC – 123 HCFC – 222 HCFC – 234 HCFC – 261

HCFC – 124 HCFC – 223 HCFC – 235 HCFC – 262

HCFC – 131 HCFC – 224 HCFC – 241 HCFC – 271

HCFC – 132b HCFC – 225ca HCFC – 242

Note: All isomers of the above chemicals are ODS, except isomers of (1,1,1-trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform)) such as 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

2-10 October 2019

Table C2.T3. Emission Standards for Incinerators

Pollutant Emission Standards1 Incinerator Type Existing MWC units2 MWC units that begin new construction or undergo substantial modification2 CISWI units

Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd >250 tpd 35-250 tpd >250tpd All units Particulate 70 mg/dscm 27 mg/dscm 24 mg/dscm 70 mg/dscm Opacity 10% 10% 10% NOx N/A See Note 3 500 ppmv 150 ppmv 388 ppmv SO2 50% reduction or 77 ppmv 75% reduction or 29 ppmv 80% reduction or 30 ppmv 20 ppmv Dioxins/furans 125 ng/dscm See Note 4 13 ng/dscm 0.41 ng/dscm Cadmium 0.10 mg/dscm 0.040 mg/dscm 0.020 mg/dscm 0.004 mg/dscm Lead 1.6 mg/dscm 0.44 mg/dscm 0.20 mg/dscm 0.04 mg/dscm Mercury 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 0.47 mg/dscm HCl 50% reduction or 250 ppmv 95% reduction or 29 ppmv 80% reduction or 30 ppmv 95% reduction or 25 ppmv 62 ppmv Fugitive ash 5% of hourly observation period 5% of hourly observation period N/A

Notes:

1 Emission standard concentrations (mg/dscm, ppmv) are corrected to 7% oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. mg/dscm = milligram per dry standard meter³, ng = nanogram, ppmv = parts per million by volume.

2 Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC units.

3 NOx limits for units rated > 250 tons/day (tpd) capacity: mass burn refractory-no limit; mass burn waterwall-205 ppmv; mass burn rotary waterwall:

250 ppmv; refuse-derived fuel combustor-250 ppmv; fluidized bed combustor-180 ppmv.

4 Dioxins/furans limits for units rated >250 tpd capacity: MWC with electrostatic precipitator (ESP)-60 ng/dscm; MWC with non-ESP-30 ng/dscm.

2-11 October 2019

Table C2.T4. Carbon Monoxide Operating Limits for Incinerators1

Incinerator Type Existing MWC units2 MWC units that begin new construction or undergo substantial modification2

CISWI units

Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd >250 tpd 35-250 tpd >250tpd All units Fluidized bed 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) 100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

157 ppmv

Fluidized bed, mixed fuel (wood/refuse-derived fuel) 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) 200 ppmv (24-hr avg)

100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

Mass burn rotary refractory 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) 100 ppmv (24-hr avg) Mass burn rotary waterfall 250 ppmv (24-hr avg) 100 ppmv (24-hr avg) Mass burn waterfall and refractory 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel) 150 ppmv (4-hr avg) 150 ppmv (4-hr avg) Modular starved-air and excess air 50 ppmv (4-hr avg) 50 ppmv (4-hr avg) Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired (coal/refuse-derived fuel) 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) 150 ppmv (24-hr avg) Stoker, refuse-derived fuel 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) 150 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Notes:

1 Compliance is determined by continuous emission monitoring systems.

2 Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC units.

FGS-AI Chapter 3, Drinking Water

3-1 October 2019

- DRINKING WATER

C3.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains criteria for providing potable water.

C3.2. DEFINITIONS

C3.2.1. Action Level. The concentration of a substance in water that establishes appropriate treatment for a water system.

C3.2.2. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater DoD Component commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues necessary to provide safe drinking water at the DoD Component’s installations.

C3.2.3. Concentration/Time (CT). The product of residual disinfectant concentration, C, in milligrams per liter (mg/L) determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time, T, in minutes. CT values appear in Tables C3.T11 through C3.T24.

C3.2.4. Conventional Treatment. Water treatment, including chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.

C3.2.5. Diatomaceous Earth Filtration. A water treatment process of passing water through a precoat of diatomaceous earth deposited onto a support membrane while additional diatomaceous earth is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the precoat, resulting in substantial particulate removal from the water.

C3.2.6. Direct Filtration. Water treatment, including chemical coagulation, possibly flocculation, and filtration, but not sedimentation.

C3.2.7. Disinfectant. Any oxidant, including but not limited to, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone, intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms in water.

C3.2.8. DoD Water System. A public or non-public water system.

C3.2.9. Emergency Assessment. Evaluation of the susceptibility of the water source, treatment, storage and distribution system(s) to disruption of service caused by natural disasters, accidents, and sabotage.

C3.2.10. First Draw Sample. A one-liter sample of tap water that has been standing in plumbing at least six hours and is collected without flushing the tap.

C3.2.11. Haloacetic Acids. The sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 3-2 October 2019 monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant figures after addition.

C3.2.12. Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDISW). Any water below the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other microorganisms, algae, or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia; or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.

C3.2.13. Lead-free. A maximum lead content of 0.2% for solder and flux, and 8.0% for pipes and fittings.

C3.2.14. Lead Service Line. A service line made of lead that connects the water main to the building inlet, and any lead pigtail, gooseneck, or other fitting that is connected to such line.

C3.2.15. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a public water system except for turbidity for which the maximum permissible level is measured after filtration. Contaminants added to the water under circumstances controlled by the user, except those resulting from the corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded.

C3.2.16. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL). The level of a disinfectant added for water treatment measured at the consumer’s tap, which may not be exceeded without the unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects.

C3.2.17. Point-of-Entry (POE) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a facility to reduce contaminants in drinking water throughout the facility.

C3.2.18. Point-of-Use (POU) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to a tap to reduce contaminants in drinking water at that tap.

C3.2.19. Potable Water. Water that has been examined and…