11. Installation Development and Design (ID2) SJAFB (90 pages) dated Mar-11.pdf

ID2

A7PS

Installati on Development and Design (ID2)

AIR COMBAT COMMAND

March 2011

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACC/A7PS

i Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Page

1 Introduction .............................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience ....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.1 Applicability ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1.2 Audience .................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Development and Design—A Holistic Approach..................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2.1 HQ ACC/A7P ............................................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.3 Development and Design—Requirements and Evaluation Metrics ........................................................................ 1-3

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.2 Installation Requirements........................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development and Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics ................................... 1-3

1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board Evaluations ................................................................................................................. 1-4

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation Metrics and Evaluations ......................................................................................... 1-4

1.4 Organization of this Document ................................................................................................................................ 1-4

2 Installation Image ..................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Installation Context .................................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 Installation Design Goals ........................................................................................................................................ 2-3

2.3 Image Elements ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3.1 Paths .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3.2 Edges ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.3.3 Nodes ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.3.4 Landmarks ................................................................................................................................................. 2-8

2.3.5 Districts ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.3.6 Mission/Industrial District ......................................................................................................................... 2-10

2.3.7 Community Center District ....................................................................................................................... 2-10

2.3.8 Transition Areas Between Districts .......................................................................................................... 2-12

3 Development Considerations ................................................. 3-1

3.1 Reuse Opportunities ............................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Infill Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.1 Infill Site #1 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.2.2 Infill Site #2 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-5

3.2.3 Infill Site #3 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-5

3.3 Circulation ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.1 Vehicle Circulation ..................................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.2 Pedestrian Circulation ................................................................................................................................ 3-6

3.4 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.5 Land Use ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-8

3.6 Sustainability Initiatives ........................................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.6.1 Natural Area Preservation .......................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.6.2 Energy Conservation Initiatives ................................................................................................................. 3-8

3.6.3 Water Conservation Initiatives ................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.6.4 Waste Reduction Initiatives ........................................................................................................................ 3-9

3.7 Constraints ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-10

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ii Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Page

4 Illustrative Plan ......................................................................... 4-1

5 Development and Design Guidelines ..................................... 5-1

5.1 Sustainable Design and High-Performance Green Buildings ................................................................................. 5-1

5.2 Site Development .................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.1 Solar Orientation and Building Siting ......................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.2 Open Space ............................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.3 Access ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-4

5.2.4 Parking ....................................................................................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.5 Landscape .................................................................................................................................................. 5-6

5.3 Energy and Utilities ................................................................................................................................................. 5-8

5.3.1 Heating and Cooling ................................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.3.2 Metering and Controls ................................................................................................................................ 5-9

5.3.3 Water Utilities ............................................................................................................................................. 5-9

5.3.4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 5-10

5.3.5 Storm Water ............................................................................................................................................. 5-10

5.4 Architectural Design .............................................................................................................................................. 5-11

5.4.1 Architectural Order ................................................................................................................................... 5-11

5.4.2 Architectural Elements ............................................................................................................................. 5-15

5.4.3 Additional Architectural Direction ............................................................................................................. 5-18

6 List of Acronyms ...................................................................... 6-1

A Figures .................................................................................... A-1

B Site and Facility Guidelines ................................................... B-1

B.1 Installation Functional/Technical Constraints and Considerations ......................................................................... B-1 B.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1.2 Brand Name References............................................................................................................................ B-1 B.1.3 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1.4 Site Planning .............................................................................................................................................. B-1 B.1.5 Roofs and Gutters/Downspouts ................................................................................................................. B-2 B.1.6 Entrances ................................................................................................................................................... B-2 B.1.7 Exterior Walls ............................................................................................................................................. B-2 B.1.8 Windows and Doors ................................................................................................................................... B-3 B.1.9 Finish Hardware ......................................................................................................................................... B-3

B.2 Site Design .............................................................................................................................................................. B-3 B.2.1 Vehicular Circulation .................................................................................................................................. B-3 B.2.2 Parking ....................................................................................................................................................... B-4 B.2.3 Pedestrian Circulation ................................................................................................................................ B-4 B.2.4 Site Lighting ............................................................................................................................................... B-5 B.2.5 Fences and Screens .................................................................................................................................. B-6 B.2.6 Site Furnishings ......................................................................................................................................... B-7

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iii Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

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B.3 Landscape ............................................................................................................................................................... B-9 B.3.1 Existing Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... B-9 B.3.2 Landscape Materials .................................................................................................................................. B-9 B.3.3 Irrigation System ........................................................................................................................................ B-9 B.3.4 Energy Conservation .................................................................................................................................. B-9 B.3.5 Street Trees ............................................................................................................................................... B-9 B.3.6 Planting Design ........................................................................................................................................ B-10 B.3.7 Parking Lot Landscaping ......................................................................................................................... B-10 B.3.8 Visual Screening ...................................................................................................................................... B-11 B.3.9 Equipment Screening ............................................................................................................................... B-11 B.3.10 Foundation Planting ................................................................................................................................. B-11 B.3.11 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................. B-11 B.3.12 Courtyards and Entrances ....................................................................................................................... B-11 B.3.13 Landscape Materials ................................................................................................................................ B-12 B.3.14 Planting Beds ........................................................................................................................................... B-12 B.3.15 Plant Materials ......................................................................................................................................... B-12

B.4 Signage ................................................................................................................................................................. B-12 B.4.1 Exterior Signs ........................................................................................................................................... B-12 B.4.2 Interior Signs ............................................................................................................................................ B-15

B.5 Self-Help ................................................................................................................................................................ B-16 B.5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................... B-16 B.5.2 The Self-Help Process ............................................................................................................................. B-16

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iv Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

List of Figures Page

1-1 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 2-1 Installation Image Elements .................................................................................................................................... 2-5 2-2 Design Districts ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-9 3-1 Infill Sites ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-3 3-2 Infill Sites ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-4 3-3 Circulation ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-7 3-4 Composite Constraints .......................................................................................................................................... 3-11 4-1 Illustrative Site Plan ................................................................................................................................................. 4-3 4-2 Infill Development Area View .................................................................................................................................. 4-5 4-3 Illustrative Plan Subarea #1 .................................................................................................................................... 4-7 4-4 Illustrative Plan Subarea #2 .................................................................................................................................... 4-9 4-5 Illustrative Plan Subarea #3 .................................................................................................................................. 4-11 5-1 Building Orientation ................................................................................................................................................. 5-2 A-1 Water Distribution .................................................................................................................................................... A-3 A-2 Sanitary Sewer Distribution ..................................................................................................................................... A-4 A-3 Electric Distribution ................................................................................................................................................. A-5 A-4 Natural Gas Distribution .......................................................................................................................................... A-6 A-5 Existing Land Use ................................................................................................................................................... A-7 B-1 Tight grouping of buildings encourages pedestrian circulation ............................................................................... B-1 B-2 Red brick on Housing Office ................................................................................................................................... B-2 B-3 Integrally colored and textured concrete masonry units on Fighter Squadron Operations building ....................... B-2 B-4 Colonnades and overhangs shade building exterior and reduce cooling loads ..................................................... B-3 B-5 Example of good site planning ................................................................................................................................ B-4 B-6 Landscape screening between street and parking area ......................................................................................... B-4 B-7 Well-lit paths encourage pedestrian circulation ...................................................................................................... B-4 B-8 Jogging trail is well shaded by trees ....................................................................................................................... B-5 B-9 Passive surveillance of paths increases pedestrian safety ..................................................................................... B-5 B-10 Fixture for parking lot and area lighting ................................................................................................................... B-5 B-11 Cobrahead street lights ........................................................................................................................................... B-5 B-12 Masonry screen wall matches adjacent building in dormitory area ........................................................................ B-6 B-13 Dumpster enclosure matches concrete masonry units of adjacent 916th Headquarters building .......................... B-6 B-14 Metal panel privacy fence screens storage areas and mechanical equipment ...................................................... B-6 B-15 Brown bench made from recycled material ............................................................................................................. B-7 B-16 Trash can/ash receptacle of pre-cast exposed aggregate concrete ....................................................................... B-7 B-17 Pedestrian pockets provide areas for socializing along paths ................................................................................ B-7 B-18 Street trees provide shade on sidewalks and help delineate roadways ............................................................... B-10 B-19 Maintain clear sight lines at intersections ............................................................................................................. B-10 B-20 Good parking design improves the visual landscape ........................................................................................... B-10 B-21 Use of both trees and shrubs provides shade and screens parking from the street ............................................ B-10 B-22 Landscaping improves the appearance of metal fencing ..................................................................................... B-11 B-23 Section showing layering of foundation plantings ................................................................................................. B-11 B-24 Use plant materials to enclose outdoor spaces .................................................................................................... B-11 B-25 Landscape to accentuate building entry ............................................................................................................... B-11 B-26 Use of concrete edging around planting bed at the Housing Office ..................................................................... B-12

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INTRODUCTION ACC/A7PS

1-1 Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

1 Introduction

This document addresses planning, design and construction criteria guidance for Seymour Johnson Air Force Base (SJAFB) so that implementing Sustainable Development and High Performance Green Building Design (SD&HPGBD) objectives become primary considerations along with building site, context, program needs, and function

Located in Goldsboro, North Carolina (Figure 1-1), the host unit at SJAFB is the 4th Fighter Wing (FW) which currently flies F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft. A primary tenant at SJAFB is the 916th Air Refueling Wing (ARW), Air Force Reserve, which operates KC-135 aircraft.

The mission of the 4 FW “…is to put airpower on-target, on-time for America.

The strategic vision for the installation is to “Provide infrastructure and facilities at SJAFB to allow the 4 FW and 916 ARW to support the long-term strategies of Global Strike, Global Response, Global Mobility, and Homeland Security.”

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience

Current guidance removes design process short-circuits by realigning constraints, changing mandates into a performance framework and limiting prescriptive requirements to those critical in meeting Command and Installation functional requirements. Prior editions of design guidance, both at the Command level and the Installation level, relied heavily on mandates and prescriptive formula relating to the building form, aesthetics and materials, and this often narrowed design phase investigations into plan arrangement exercises.

Installation-level development and design guidance focuses on the identification of regional and local design characteristics, common building methods and preferences, architectural context, landscape standards, infill and building density opportunities, future vision and the establishment of installation centric preferences and strategies. Building aesthetics and character cannot be fully established prior to conducting the concept charrette, as aesthetics develop and evolve in response to multiple drivers. Designing and then evaluating aesthetics and architectural character is highly subjective and has to be approached on a project-by-project basis.

Companion information to this document is provided in the form of an Installation 3D mass model, photographic log database and the Installation Sustainability Assessment (ISA). The Installation 3D mass model is dimensionally accurate and reflects overall building massing, height and form. The photographic log database includes all structures on the installation, with the exception of family housing units and utility sheds.

The ISA serves to provide a current-state snapshot of the Installation’s “green posture” and will serve as a way to measure changes over time; indicators should change for the better over time as more green design strategies and processes are put into place.

1.1.1 Applicability

Publication of this document serves to supersede previous installation-level design guidance. All external references to installation-level guidance documents now refer to the Installation Development and Design Handbook (ID2). The ID2 serves to inform Future Year Development Plan (FYDP) site selections, Area Development Plan (ADP) designs, Requirements Document (RD) investigations, and Concept Charrette Document (CCD) packages. The ID2 will be summarized in the installation Electronic General Plan (eGP).

Architect-Engineer (A-E) Scope of Work descriptions, Request for Proposal (RFP) solicitation and, Design-Bid- Build (D-B-B) and Design-Build (D-B) contracts shall explicitly identify HQ ACC/A7P sustainable development and high performance green building design requirements and objectives as functional requirements.

The ID2 shall not be referenced in Design and/or Construction solicitations as establishing mandates relative to facility aesthetics, character, or form. All Design and/or Construction solicitation packages shall include contract provisions citing the ID2 as containing broad considerations and shall require government review of design proposals in the source selection trade off and evaluation process. Contractor’s responsiveness to ID2 considerations shall carry weight as a significant evaluation factor in determining the overall acceptability and value of the proposal to the government.

1.1.2 Audience

This document provides criteria and considerations used in the planning, development and design of projects and are in addition to technical criteria readily available to professional architects, planners, engineers, and interior designers. This document and companion information sources shall be used as primary reference in all planning/siting considerations, building renovation projects and new construction projects.

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Ohio

Georgiama

Virginia ndiana

Kentucky essee

Pennsylvania

North Carolina

South Carolina

West Virginia

Maryland

Goldsboro

Louisville

Richmond

Cincinnati

Charleston

Blacksburg

Atlanta

Knoxville

Spartanburg Charlotte

Charleston

Savannah

Raleigh

Greensboro

Richmond

Baltimore Dover

Norfolk

Washington

Seymour Johnson

AFB

SEYMOUR JOHNSON AIR FORCE BASE

Vicinity Map

Figure 1-1

Seymour Johnson

AFB

Seymour Johnson

AFB

Atlantic Ocean

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1-3 Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

1.2 Development and Design—

A Holistic Approach

1.2.1 HQ ACC/A7P

The Command’s vision is to lead by example and serve as a role model for sustainable development and high performance green building design in the Air Force, DoD, and the federal government. When “Green Design” is infused into every facet and decision, immediate and long-range benefits including healthier working environments, reduction of the installation’s carbon footprint and enhancing the enduring quality of facilities while lowering the total cost of facility ownership will be realized. To this end, development and design strategies must consider a myriad of factors and influences and ensure solutions are appropriate to the site, sensitive to the built and natural context, reflective of functional needs, responsive to aesthetic considerations and that they embody green building design.

Green design is not optional. Implementing green building design (functional constraints) objectives is required to produce a complete and usable facility or a complete and usable improvement to an existing facility.

A green building design approach forms the functional and technical foundation for all performance requirements, development consideration, and design constraints made, referenced, or otherwise used in this document.

“Green Design” is synonymous with “Quality Design.”

Quality design strategies produce results that conserve energy; make efficient use of resources; produce visually appealing structures; reduce environmental degradation;

create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, enduring, and productive; and shrink the environmental impact of our operations.

1.3 Development and

Design—Requirements and Evaluation Metrics

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements

Command-level requirements are described in ACC Instruction, Installation Development, and Design (publication forthcoming). This document establishes sustainable development and high performance green building design objectives as primary functional constraints, prescribes HQ ACC/A7P review and oversight processes, identifies architectural and engineering design considerations, and promulgates performance and prescriptive constraints.

1.3.2 Installation Requirements

The ID2 aligns with Command-level guidance and is intended to be a vital component in developing strategies appropriate to smart growth development and the building site, sensitive to the built context, reflective of building program and scale and responsive to object/background importance. It should also fully implement sustainable development and high performance green design objectives. The ID2 describes constraints and identifies objectives necessary to accomplish quality design. Topics and focus areas include installation context, architectural context, an Illustrative Plan, overarching development and design guidelines, site selection and development considerations, landscape design issues, architectural design objectives and technical constraints.

Technical constraints can be generally categorized either as “Non-negotiable,” such as compatibility with existing fire-alarm communication or keying systems, or “Negotiable,” such as a brick blend generally used throughout the installation. “Non-Negotiable” constraints should not directly or indirectly predetermine building aesthetics, character, or form or limit/restrict investigation of high performance green building design strategies.

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development

and Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics Projects meeting threshold levels established in the ACC Instruction (publication forthcoming) will be evaluated by the HQ ACC Development and Design Review Board (D2 Board). D2 Board evaluations seek to validate conformance with requirements established by Command-level guidance and in this document and seek to validate adherence to principles of quality design, such as optimizing benefits from site selection and energy use, protecting and conserving water resources, utilizing environmentally preferable products, enhancing indoor environmental quality and optimizing operational and maintenance practices. All development and design solutions must embody an “appropriate response” and reflect a responsible use of public funds.

Evaluations of aesthetics and architectural design are inherently subjective, and the D2 Board reserves latitude in evaluating design strategies on a project-by-project basis. Design aesthetics, architectural character, and appropriate building form cannot be prescriptively determined in advance of conducting a concept development charrette, as these characteristics arise only after consideration and synthesis of all design drivers. Setting aesthetic preconditions short-circuits design development and will be avoided.

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1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board Evaluations

D2 Board evaluations may produce recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory), or a combination of both. In extreme cases, D2 Board directives may include project stoppage in order to address continued or critical failure in meeting functional constraints.

Directives must be implemented, unless in very rare and extenuating circumstances a waiver is first endorsed by the D2 Board and then approved by HQ ACC/A7. Waiver requests must be submitted by the BCE Squadron Commander and must clearly document the basis for non-compliance and describe actions that will be taken to offset the deviation. Issuance of a waiver does not establish precedent or a basis for justifying other projects’ non-compliance.

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation

Metrics and Evaluations Installation metrics are those used by the D2 Board with additional interest in evaluating the implementation of installation-centric technical requirements. Installation evaluations may result in recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory), or a combination of both.

1.4 Organization

of this Document

This ID2 Handbook is organized into five main chapters:

Chapter 1, Introduction—Familiarizes the reader with the need, scope and applicability, requirements and organization of the document.

Chapter 2, Installation Image—Provides insight into the existing conditions found on base, specifically in areas where new development can be accommodated.

Chapter 3, Development Considerations—Provides information regarding opportunities and constraints found within the development areas.

Chapter 4, Illustrative Plan—Provides a view of potential development opportunities in the next 10 - 20 years

Chapter 5, Development and Design Guidelines— Highlights approaches to areas of SD&HPGBD, site development and architectural design.

Appendices—Identify specific technical considerations and constraints and other supporting materials.

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INSTALLATION IMAGE ACC/A7PS

2-1 Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

2 Installation Image

This section presents a discussion of the installation context, which identifies the natural and man-made conditions/resources present at the installation. It is within these conditions that planning, design and construction decision are made. The context discussion is followed by a discussion of design goals that help define the future “image of the base.” Also evaluated are the physical elements of the installation that make up the current “image” of the base. These elements include paths, edges, nodes, landmarks, and districts. This report uses the element framework established in Kevin Lynch’s The Image of the City, which was first published in 1960 by the M.I.T. Press.

The physical elements that make up an image of a community or military installation form an impression of the installation for military and civilian personnel, families, and visitors. The sense of place that is established through the combination of paths, edges, nodes, and landmarks adds to the quality of life for installation residents and workers. The way these elements are treated can add to the knowledge or perception of the important locations on the installation and provide visual directions for traversing the installation.

A well-established hierarchy of roads (or paths) provides a driver with strong clues as to whether they are in the right location. An important element of road hierarchy is how the streetscape is treated. Roads should be limited, serve a defined purpose and, in most instances, the streetscape should be shared with pedestrians.

The hierarchy of paths also extends to the pedestrian environment. Paths should provide a pleasant way to walk, bike or jog throughout the installation and should be designed appropriately for their task, which ranges from simple access to a building to an installation-wide bike trail or pedestrian plazas and walkways in high-density nodes.

Edges can physically separate areas and function but can also form screens to reduce or eliminate views of certain areas. Edges can also be used to frame a visitor’s perspective of an installation, frame nodes, and highlight landmarks.

Nodes are associated with multiple image elements, such as locations where decisions are made or locations that draw higher densities of people. A node is, in many cases, distinctly different from many other locations on an installation because that area is a relatively constant center of gravity for social or work-related gatherings. Nodes can be highlighted and identified through the establishment of a landmark.

Although signage is necessary to assist people in wayfinding, landmarks are an important way to direct people from one place to another. Landmarks serve many purposes, from inspirational to simple, functional structures. Height, scale, and site are typical elements of a landmark; however, they are not always used to the maximum extent.

Pedestrian pathway with crosswalk.

The static displays at Heritage Park are prominent landmarks at the installation.

2.1 Installation Context

Planning, design and construction decisions need to be based on the fundamental tenets of sustainable design1 and require an understanding of natural resource conditions from the region to the site, the needs of

1Sustainability is generally considered to be the integration of ecology, sociology, and economics in addressing master planning and building design; however, master planning and design for military installations requires additional considerations. Sustainable planning and design solutions for military installations such as SJAFB are directly linked to mission sustainment, quality of life for personnel and families, conservation of natural resources and economic realities.

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2-2 Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2) personnel to effectively complete their tasks, the needs of families for a safe and healthy community and the fiscal constraints that all federal agencies must adhere

to. In addition to guidance provided in this report, master planners and designers need to be familiar with all other relevant reports such as the SJAFB General Plan (GP), Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP), Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP), and many others. The SJAFB GP will direct the reader to all relevant documents. The following is a brief overview of SJAFB, which is culled from relevant SJAFB documents.

SJAFB occupies 3,233 acres (5 square miles) of land within the city limits of Goldsboro, North Carolina (Figure 1-1). It is approximately 50 miles southeast of Raleigh, on the Neuse River. Highway 70 runs north of the base and Highway 117 lies to the west of the base.

According to the most recent census information, the current population of Goldsboro is about 38,000, and the population of surrounding Wayne County is approximately 114,000. Residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial land uses occur adjacent to the installation.

SJAFB is located on relatively flat land at the center of the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina, approximately 65 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The topography includes the floodplain of the Neuse River, a higher terrace of the river, and a still higher terrace that may also be of riverine origin.

As in most Coastal Plain river valleys, the Neuse River valley is not symmetrical. The river flows along the south side of the watershed, with the southern drainage divide located about four miles to the southwest. The Neuse River at the western boundary of the base and Stoney Creek along the northern boundary of the base are Clean Water Act Section 303(d) listed impaired water bodies. The northern portion of the base discharges directly to Stoney Creek which is a tributary to the Neuse River and most of the southern portion of the base discharges directly to the Neuse River. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen has been established for the Neuse River Basin as well as a program for nitrogen control.

The vegetative habitat on SJAFB is small and fragmented; there are no known federally listed threatened and endangered species on the base.

Elevations on the base vary from approximately 45 to 110 feet, gradually sloping downward from the northeast to the southwest. The greatest relief is along Stoney Creek, where it flows through the higher terrace. (Refer to the General Plan for flood zone information.)

A soil survey of Wayne County indicates the presence of fifteen different soil series on base, reflecting the differing ages of the landscape and the variety of soil drainage created by the topography.

Eastern North Carolina has a temperate climate with long, humid summers and short, mild winters with frontal storm systems and cold spells. Precipitation averages 50 inches annually, with the greatest monthly rainfall occurring in the spring. Snow is infrequent.

Seymour Johnson’s location, near the Atlantic Coast, creates the potential for serious damage due to hurricanes and tropical storms. Hurricane season runs from June to November.

Solar Altitude Angles

The following is location information for SJAFB:

Latitude = 3520’ North Longitude = 7750’ West Altitude Above Sea Level = 100 feet Winter Outdoor Design Temperature = 22 F Heating Degree Days = 2,771 (based on 65 F) Cooling Degree Days = 1,922 (based on 65 F) Sun Altitude Angles: Noon on 21 December = 31

Noon on 21 June = 77 USDA Plant Hardiness = Zone 8 Annual Precipitation = 50 inches Wind Power Classification = 1 (weakest winds) Annual Clear Days = 111 Annual Cloudy Day = 149

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2-3 Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

2.2 Installation Design Goals

The 4 FW established four architectural and planning goals that provide the overall guidance for land development, including land use, facility sitings, and infrastructure development. The design guidelines in this document have been developed in response to those goals as well as the Command’s goal for a holistic approach to sustainable design and development:

Create buildings that project a corporate image for the Air Force.

Develop a campus atmosphere at Seymour Johnson.

Establish a style which responds to the architectural context of the region.

Create architectural standards that are compatible with the existing built and natural environment.

Create a Corporate Image

“Corporate image” can be interpreted in a variety of ways. The SJAFB Installation Design and Development guidelines have been formulated to express an installation character that projects an image of efficiency and permanence. Common building forms and materials will allow individual buildings to appear as part of a larger whole. Logical vehicular circulation and an emphasis on creating highly visible building entrances will help develop the image of buildings within a corporate office park.

“Corporate image” also includes worker satisfaction as a priority. The design guidelines contain provisions for operable windows in all offices and living areas. The addition of site lighting, site furnishings, and outdoor break areas will also benefit building occupants.

Base main entrance sign.

As well, “corporate image” includes the landscaping of a site. The design guidelines consider carefully designed landscaping as one of the most effective means of achieving visual harmony on a base-wide scale. A base street tree program can mitigate the negative impact of older, incompatible buildings. Landscape guidelines that encourage use of a limited number of regionally suitable species will help unify the entire base.

Develop a Campus Atmosphere

As part of developing a campus atmosphere, the design guidelines suggest that a focus on the pedestrian is critical to the creation of a campus environment. The guidelines propose methods for mitigating the negative impact of the automobile by separating parking from building entrances and linking buildings with shaded pedestrian paths. A carefully designed network of paths connecting living, working, shopping, and recreational facilities will increase pedestrian activity and help to overcome the perception that “it’s too far to walk.”

The design guidelines also encourage clearly defined entrances and gathering places for recreation and socializing for successful campus buildings. The recommended building materials and fenestration patterns are designed to provide human scale on all buildings, another feature common to successful campus architecture.

Respond to Regional Architecture

Since the 18th century, settlers in eastern North Carolina have adapted buildings to the local climate of hot, humid summers and temperate winters by incorporating moderately pitched roofs and large, deep porches to provide protection from the summer sun. Buildings were constructed of locally harvested woods and brick made from local clays. As in the other original colonies, early roofing materials were wood shingles. As technology developed, many structures incorporated metal roofing.

The Dining Facility is a dominant building in the center of the dormitory campus.

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2-4 Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Many of the design concepts of colonial architecture are still important today. Thick masonry walls help keep dwellings cool in the summer by slowing heat transfer, and operable windows can be used to provide natural ventilation. One- and two-story buildings with sloping metal roofs, entrance porches, and walls of locally manufactured masonry continue the tradition of an architectural style that developed in response to the local environment.

House near Hertford, North Carolina, circa 1800. The Tudor Manor House of New England is adapted to the southern climate through use of a shallow-pitched roof and a two-story, metal-roofed porch.

Create Architectural Standards that are Compatible with Existing Built and Natural Conditions

The Seymour Johnson ID2 has been developed with the consideration that most facilities on base will remain in use for many years. A major objective of the document is to identify positive architectural features that should be replicated in future development to promote visually compatible within districts.

In the past, base leadership has followed a plan to use red brick and dark bronze metal roofs on dormitories, community buildings, and other facilities in the central part of the base. This document supports this vision, but allows for flexibility in design to achieve SD&HPGBD objectives.

Renovated dormitories and many other facilities in the Community Area make use of red brick walls and dark bronze metal roofing.

Constructed of beige split-face concrete masonry with dark bronze metal roof, the 916th Wing Headquarters is an example of compatible development in the Mission/Industrial area.

This ID2 also seeks to promote infill development that, in turn, provides greater opportunities for the application of natural and man-made green infrastructure systems.

2.3 Image Elements

Installation image elements include paths, edges, nodes, landmarks, and districts. They form the basic pattern of the installation form and the way personnel and visitors perceive and relate to the installation. Figure 2-1 illustrates the overall pattern of elements at SJAFB.

2.3.1 Paths

Paths can be essentially defined as movement corridors.

On SJAFB, paths include roads, sidewalks and walk/bike trails. They function as basic orientation to the installation by providing the means to access most areas on base. Beyond their basic utility as a conveyor of people, paths provide the traveler with visual experiences with the other elements that comprise the installation image.

The primary paths at SJAFB are the arterial roads, which are Wright…