Appendix P - Pest Management Plan.pdf

Thule Air Base, Greenland 31 May 2019

A074 PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN

Thule Air Base, Greenland

FINAL

A074 Pest Management Plan

Thule Air Base, Greenland 2 31 May 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 DEFINITIONS

2 LETTER OF INSTRUCTION

3 GENERAL

3.1 Purpose

3.2 Organizations and Responsibilities

4 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

4.1 Legal Mandate

4.2 IPM Operations

4.3 Mechanical/Physical Control

4.4 Cultural Control

4.5 Biological Control

4.6 Chemical Control

4.7 IPM Outlines

5 PRIORITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT WORK

5.1 Public Health Pests

5.2 Pests Found in and Around Buildings

5.3 Structural Pests

5.4 Noxious or Invasive Plants and Animals

5.5 Undesirable Vegetation

5.6 Golf Course Pests

5.7 Quarantine and Regulated Pests

5.8 Vertebrate Pests

5.9 Aerial Applications

6 HEALTH AND SAFETY

6.1 Medical Surveillance of Pest Management Personnel

6.2 Hazard Communication

6.3 Personnel Protective Equipment

6.4 Fire Protection

6.5 Pest Management Vehicle(s)

6.6 Protection of the Public

6.7 Pesticide Shop Health, Safety, and Hazard Surveys

6.8 Pesticide Procurement

Thule Air Base, Greenland 3 31 May 2019

7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

7.1 Sensitive Areas

7.2 Endangered or Protected Species and Critical Habitats

7.3 Cultural and Historical Sites

7.4 Environmental Documentation

7.5 Pesticide Spills and Remediation

7.6 Pesticide General Permit (NPDES)

8 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

8.1 Pest Management Operations

8.2 Contracts or Quality Assurance

8.3 Out-leases (agricultural and housing)

8.4 Inter-service Support Agreements

8.5 Reports and Records

8.6 Training and Certification

8.7 Pesticide Security

8.8 Emergency Disease Vector Surveillance and Control

8.9 Coordination (DoD, other Federal, State, and local)

9 SALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PESTICIDES

APPENDIX 1: IPM OUTLINE - BED BUGS

APPENDIX 2: IPM OUTLINE - MOSQUITOES

APPENDIX 3: IPM OUTLINE - ARCTIC FOXES

APPENDIX 4: PEST MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE RECORD

Thule Air Base, Greenland 4 31 May 2019

1 DEFINITIONS

BMC – Base Maintenance Contractor (Vectrus Services A/S).

ESOHC – Environmental Safety Occupational Health Council.

FGS – Final Governing Standards, 24 July 2003.

Hazardous Substances – A substance, which is defined as either hazardous materials or haz-ardous waste, in accordance with Appendix 1 of the FGS.

HMMP – Hazardous Material Management Program.

IPM – Integrated Pest Management. A planned program, incorporating continuous monitoring, education, recordkeeping, and communication to prevent pests and disease vectors from causing unacceptable damage to operations, people, property, materiel, or the environment. IPM uses targeted, sustainable (effective, economical, environmentally sound) methods including educa-tion, habitat modification, biological control, genetic control, cultural control, mechanical control, physical control, regulatory control, and where necessary, the judicious use of least-hazardous pesticides.

Pesticide – Any substance or mixture of substances, including biological control agents, that may prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests and are specifically labeled for use by the EPA. Also, any substance or mixture of substances used as a plant regulator, defoliant, desiccant, disinfect-ant, or biocide.

Pests – Arthropods, birds, rodents, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, algae, snails, marine bor-ers, snakes, weeds, and other organisms (except for human or animal disease-causing organ-isms) that adversely affect readiness, military operations, or the well-being of personnel and ani-mals; attack or damage real property, supplies, equipment, or vegetation; or are otherwise unde-sirable.

PMP – Pest Management Plan. A long-range, comprehensive installation planning and opera-tional document that establishes the strategy and methods for conducting a safe, effective and environmentally sound integrated pest management program. Written PMPs are required as a means of establishing and implementing an integrated pest management program.

Thule AB – Thule Air Base.

VS – Vectrus Services A/S.

VS/ESH – Vectrus Services A/S Environment Safety and Health.

Waters of the Host Nation – Surface waters including the territorial seas recognized under customary international law. Throughout this document the term “host nation” refers to Greenland.

2 LETTER OF INSTRUCTION

Date:

This plan is current as of 31 May 2019.

Title:

The title of this document is Pest Management Plan. The acronym PMP will be used throughout the document.

Classification:

This document is unclassified.

References:

References referred to in the PMP do not appear in the plan, but they may be accessed through VS/ESH or the Air Force Electronic Publication Library (AFEPL).

• FGS, paragraph C11.3.1.1 and C11.3.1.2.

Related plans that are developed to cover other functions may need to be consulted:

• A065 Historic and Cultural Resources Plan

• A066 Natural Resources Management Plan

• A070 Spill Prevention and Response Plan

• Hazardous Material Management Program

Reviews/changes:

The PMP will be reviewed and updated every 5 years or within 30 days of significant changes.

Distribution:

The final plan is distributed to the BMC Deliverable distribution list, tenant units, US/Danish Con tractors and other organizations performing work at Thule AB.

The provisions of the PMP apply throughout Thule AB and to all personnel. Certain responsibilities are specifically assigned to selected individuals identified in the plan.

Recommended for approval: 22 fVIA"f .'.20 \ 9

Date

Approved by AFSPC:

Date

Thule Air Base, Greenland 5

GITTEDORT EAJENSEN

BMC Environmental Coordinator

Capt THEODORE SCHNESKI AFSPC Pest Management Consultant

3.1 May 2019

Thule Air Base, Greenland 6 31 May 2019

3 GENERAL

3.1 Purpose

The purpose of the PMP is to describe the Thule AB installation and its integrated pest management procedures to prevent pest problems with minimize use of pesticides, outline the resources necessary for surveillance and control, and describe the administrative, safety and environmental requirements of the program.

3.2 Organizations and Responsibilities

In order to ensure pest management in an environmental sound manner, it is important personnel are fully aware of their responsibility as outlined in the following. VS/ESH is the office of primary responsibility for developing and maintaining the PMP. The instructions given in this plan are applicable to all organizations and tenant units at Thule AB. Organizations are authorized to extract and reproduce those sections of the PMP that are essential in the accomplishment of necessary planning and in the preparation of supporting documents and reports.

Installation Commander, 821 ABG/CC The Installation Commander or designated representative has the overall responsibility for the management of pests on Thule AB. The Installation Commander or designated representative will act as chairman for the base ESOHC. The Installation Commander, or designated representative, serves as the On-Scene Commander in all incidents that may require emergency response action.

Public affairs including all notifications to the Danish Liaison Officer (DLO) and/or external offices must be accomplished by or coordinated with the Installation Commander prior to execution.

Danish Liaison Officer (DLO) The DLO serves as the official representative of Denmark and the Greenland Self Rule concerning environmental issues at Thule AB e.g. release and discharges into the waters of the host nation.

AFSPC Pest Management Consultant The AFSPC Pest Management Consultant reviews and approves the PMP.

VS/ESH

The responsibility of the VS/ESH includes:

• Develop and update the PMP

• Implement the PMP in operations

• Document and submit pesticide application data to 21 CES/CEIE

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4 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

4.1 Legal Mandate

This plan provides guidance for operating and maintaining an effective pest management pro-gram. Adherence to the plan will help ensure compliance with pertinent laws and regulations.

The four basic principles described below are the heart of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

These principles are descriptive of the guidance promoted by Air Force policies and regulations.

All pest management efforts will employ the least toxic strategies that will obtain an effective level of control.

4.2 IPM Operations

IPM involves the use of both chemical and non-chemical control techniques to prevent pests from exceeding an acceptable population or damage threshold. Emphasis is placed on minimizing en-vironmental disruption. IPM depends on surveillance to establish the need for control and to mon-itor the effectiveness of management efforts.

Although chemical control is an integral part of IPM, it can be expensive. Therefore, nonchemical control methods, that are typically designed to prevent infestations, are primarily used. Non-chem-ical control methods may initially be more expensive than chemicals but may ultimately be more cost effective. Non-chemical control methods are typically non-toxic, thereby reducing the poten-tial risk to human health and the environment.

4.3 Mechanical/Physical Control

These types of controls alter the environment in which a pest lives and excludes pests from where they are not wanted. Examples of this type of control include: caulking or filling voids to eliminate harborage, using mechanical traps, sticky traps, or glue boards, and using screens and other barriers to prevent entry into buildings.

4.4 Cultural Control

Strategies in this method involve manipulating environmental conditions to suppress or eliminate pests. For example, spreading manure from stables onto fields to dry prevents fly breeding. Elim-ination of food and water for pests, through good sanitary practices and general cleanliness in buildings, breakrooms, storage areas, etc., may prevent pest populations from becoming estab-lished or from increasing beyond a certain size.

Good sanitation practices, the number one solution in most pest control situations, must be the first step in preventing and controlling pest populations.

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4.5 Biological Control

This control strategy uses predators, parasites or disease organisms to control pest populations.

Sterile flies may be released to lower reproduction. Viruses and bacteria may be used which con-trol growth or otherwise kill insects. Parasitic wasps may be introduced to kill eggs, larvae or other life stages. Biological control may be effective in and of itself, but is often used in conjunction with other types of control.

4.6 Chemical Control

Pesticides kill living organisms, whether they are plants or animals. At one time, chemical controls were considered to be the most effective control available, but pest resistance has rendered many pesticides ineffective. In recent years, the trend has been to use pesticides that have limited re-sidual action.

While the use of short residual pesticides reduces human exposure and environmental impact, it may require more frequent application and increase costs for effective control. Since personal protection, special handling, and storage requirements are necessary with the use of pesticides, the overall cost of using chemical controls as the sole means of control can be quite costly when compared with non-chemical control methods.

Although effective when used within a well-managed integrated pest management program chem-ical controls have proven to be ineffective, often worsening the problem in the long run. (Chemical treatments early on in the treatment of invasive plant infestations can be of great use to the pos-sible eradication of those species before long term seed banks are established).

4.7 IPM Outlines

Specific IPM methods for pest surveillance and control at Thule AB can be found in Appendix 1,2 and 3, where each major pest or category of pests is addressed in separate IPM Outlines. New outlines are added if additional pests or sites are encountered that require controls.

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5 PRIORITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT WORK

5.1 Public Health Pests

Ticks may transmit disease between organisms. Tick-borne diseases include: Lyme disease, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and tularemia. Tick paralysis can occur from bites but its occurrence is rare. Venomous stings from bees, hornets, yellow jackets, and wasps may produce allergic reac-tions in some individuals.

None of the above mentioned pests exist in arctic ecosystems. Hence, they have never occurred at Thule AB.

Bedbugs are previously observed in Hotel North Star Inn (building #100). BMC personnel is trained in bedbug inspection and identification. A bedbug infestation is controlled by heat treatment (see Appendix 1).

Mosquitoes are a natural part of the arctic ecosystem. They can be present in very large numbers at Thule AB in late June and throughout July. Bug repellants, window netting and various types of protective headgear are used to reduce the impact of these insects. The items are available at the Base Supply Store (see Appendix 2).

5.2 Pests Found in and Around Buildings

Crawling insects (such as ants, cockroaches, etc.) and spiders may require control in offices, warehouses, food handling facilities and utility buildings.

Ants, cockroaches, etc. do not naturally occur in arctic ecosystems. Hence, no pest control has been required in and around buildings. Though, proper sanitation and housekeeping are empha-sized in order to keep offices, warehouses and utility buildings free of harborage.

Should ants, cockroaches, etc. be discovered, baits would be used to control these pests.

5.3 Structural Pests

Rodents (such as rats, squirrels, mice, etc.), are capable of infesting and damaging structures and electronic components.

Rodent and other structural pest do not naturally occur in arctic ecosystems. Hence, no pest con-trol has been required in and around buildings. Though, proper sanitation and housekeeping are emphasized in order to keep offices, warehouses and utility buildings free of harborage.

Should rats, squirrels, mice, etc. be discovered, traps would be used to control these pests.

5.4 Noxious or Invasive Plants and Animals

The Federal Noxious Weed Act requires Federal agencies to control exotic species on Federal lands. Invasive plants are introduced species that have few, if any, natural controls in the United States and can spread out of control. Invasive plant species also require control as directed by Federal requirements outlined in EO 13112, 3 February 1999, Alien Invasive Species Control.

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These requirements include: preventing the introduction or spread, controlling and monitoring ex-isting populations, and accompanying all actions with the appropriate NEPA documentation.

There are no noxious or invasive plants and animals known to occur at Thule AB. If identified, invasive plants will be controlled mechanically (moving, string trimmers, etc.) and invasive animals will controlled by shooting (Danish Police Officer – DPI).

5.5 Undesirable Vegetation

Undesirable vegetation along fence lines, on road shoulders, paved surfaces, etc., can be con-trolled using appropriate pesticides (herbicides) or controlled mechanically (moving. string trim-mers, etc.).

Arctic ecosystems have limited vegetation. Only native plants exist at Thule AB. They have natural heritage and provide wildlife habitat. Hence, there is no undesirable vegetation at Thule AB.

5.6 Golf Course Pests

Thule AB has 2 golf courses. Both of them are landscaped with gravel and soil with limited vege-tation. Greens are supplied with carpets and mats. No pesticides (herbicides) have ever been used, since no undesirable vegetation occurs.

5.7 Quarantine and Regulated Pests

Arctic foxes are a natural part of the arctic ecosystem. Though, the population is affected by the human civilization at Thule AB and must be regulated. Procedures are established to cover the base landfill household disposals immediately and to prevent feeding the arctic foxes. If monthly landfill inspections reveal the number has become too large, then the population is regulated by shooting. The Danish Police Inspector (DPI) performs the shooting upon request from VS/ESH.

If an arctic fox is suspected to be infected with rabies, it is immediately dispatched. The carcasses are placed in drums and are immediately buried at the base landfill (see Appendix 3).

5.8 Vertebrate Pests

Arctic hares are rarely seen in the Thule Defense Area and hence, not considered nor controlled as pests. Polar bears are only occasionally travelling through the area. Local hunters are licensed to shoot polar bears in accordance with specific annually quotes. If wounded or sick species are identified, the Danish Police Inspector (DPI) optional performs the shooting.

5.9 Aerial Applications

Aerial application of pesticides are not used at Thule AB.

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6 HEALTH AND SAFETY

There are no pesticides or pesticide shop onsite, no certified applicators, and no applications per-formed by installation personnel. Hence, most of the following sections are not applicable.

6.1 Medical Surveillance of Pest Management Personnel

Medical surveillance is provided by Thule Medical Clinic, however there are no pest management personnel at Thule AB.

6.2 Hazard Communication

Training in general hazard communication is provided by VS/ESH to all BMC personnel handling hazardous materials. Training includes labelling, hazard classification, storage, safety data sheets (SDS), etc.

6.3 Personnel Protective Equipment

Items for personnel protection (gloves, googles, respirators, etc.) are available at the Base Supply Store. Though, Items specifically designed for pest management are not available.

6.4 Fire Protection

Fire protection is provided by Thule AB Fire Department. Pesticides are not applied, kept, stored or mixed on Thule AB.

6.5 Pest Management Vehicle(s)

There are no pest management vehicles owned or operated at Thule AB.

6.6 Protection of the Public

Facility managers and building occupants must be notified prior to pesticide applications. When-ever pesticides are applied outdoor or indoor, adequate precautions shall be taken during pesti-cide applications to protect the public.

There are no pesticide applications performed at Thule AB.

6.7 Pesticide Shop Health, Safety, and Hazard Surveys

This paragraph includes air sampling and ventilation systems. Thule AB does not have a pesticide shop.

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6.8 Pesticide Procurement

The procurement of pesticides must be in accordance with AFI32-7086 “Hazardous Material Man-agement” procedures and be documented within Enterprise Environmental Safety Occupational Health Management Information System (EESOH-MIS).

Thule AB does not purchase any pesticides.

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7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Various regulatory, natural and cultural factors need to be addressed and documented in the proper application of this Pest Management Plan. Prior to the use of any pesticides on Thule AB surrounding natural conditions are required to be protected and care must be taken during the application of any approved pesticides that could negatively impact the environment.

7.1 Sensitive Areas

Thule AB is obligated to prevent any pollutant to be discharged into waters of the host nation.

North River and North Star Bay are priorities. Furthermore, wetlands and water areas located within Thule Defense Area are habitats for a variety of wildlife (botany, birds, mammals, etc.).

Lake Crescent is the primary drinking water source for all Thule AB personnel and must be ad-hered to the list of sensitive areas.

7.2 Endangered or Protected Species and Critical Habitats

An inventory of Threatened and Endangered Species/Species of Special Concern for Greenland is listed in the Thule AB Natural Resources Management Plan

CITES is an acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora signed by more than 150 countries worldwide. The aim of the CITES is to protect the endangered species and wildlife of the World through controlling the international trade. More than 30 CITES-species (and a few plant species) live in Greenland and surrounding waters.

The endangered species are listed in three categories:

I (globally endangered species):

This covers species, which are banned from all export. In Greenland this includes:

• Sperm whale

• Bowhead whale

• Fin whale (Razorback)

• Humpback whale

• White-tailed eagle

II and III (endangered and locally endangered species):

• Narwhale

• Beluga whale

• Minke whale

• Killer whale

• Walrus

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• Polar bear

Category II and III covers the whole or any part of a species which can be exported for private, non-commercial use when accompanied by a CITES permit. The CITES permit is issued at most of the shops and outlets selling these products.

Further information about CITES and the endangered species in Greenland and the region around Thule AB can be found on http://www.cites.org. Greenland is a full member of the Washington-convention / CITES.

There are no known endangered/threatened species known to occupy the Thule Defense Area.

7.3 Cultural and Historical Sites

The UNESCO World Heritage List is available on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list. Note that Green-land is included under Denmark, and the only current Greenlandic site on the list is the Ilulissat Icefjord. Currently, there are no protected sites in or around the Thule defense area on these official lists.

However, the FGS extends protection to so-called Earth Fixed Ancient Monuments. An inventory of these is listed in the Thule AB Historic and Cultural Resources Plan.

7.4 Environmental Documentation

In cases regarding pesticide use in sensitive areas (wetlands, endangered/threatened species) the proponent is required to complete an AF Form 813 Request for Environmental Impact Analysis prior to any undertaking.

7.5 Pesticide Spills and Remediation

If a spill of pesticides occurs in another area than the intended for application, the incident must be considered a spill of hazardous substances. Thule AB Spill Prevention and Response Plan specifies procedures to respond and remediate.

7.6 Pesticide General Permit (NPDES)

There are no Waters of the United States on Thule AB; therefore no NPDES Pesticide General Permit is required.

http://www.cites.org/ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list

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8 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

8.1 Pest Management Operations

Pest management operations will be conducted in accordance with IPM Outlines (Appendix 1, 2 and 3).

All application of pesticides at Thule AB will be accomplished by BMC personnel through the Air Force contract. All pesticides used at Thule AB will be selected from the DoD Standard Pesticides List or specifically approved for use by HQ AFSPC.

There are no applications of pesticides at Thule AB.

8.2 Contracts or Quality Assurance

BMC is currently under contract with the Air Force to operate Thule AB. VS/ESH performs quality assurance on site during scheduled treatment applications. 21 CES/CEIE performs quality assur-ance on application compliance.

There are no scheduled treatment applications at Thule AB.

8.3 Out-leases (agricultural and housing)

There are no agricultural or housing out-leases at Thule AB.

8.4 Inter-service Support Agreements

There are Inter-service Support Agreements between BMC and various 3rd party contractors at Thule AB. None of these Inter-service Support Agreements address Pest Management.

8.5 Reports and Records

VS/ESH enters pest application data into the DD Form 1532-1 “Pest Management Maintenance Record”, as directed by 21 CES/CEIE. A copy of the DD Form 1532-1 is submitted quarterly to 21 CES/CEIE and 21 AMDS/SGPB. DD Form 1532-1 is included in Appendix 4.

Thule AB does not currently use pesticides that require reporting on the DD Form 1532-1.

8.6 Training and Certification

All personnel who apply pesticides must be trained and qualified. BMC personnel who apply pes-ticides must pass a certification exam and be certified as a pest control operator in the proper categories as defined in DODI 4150.07 Pest Management Program.

There are no certified pest control operator at Thule AB.

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8.7 Pesticide Security

Pesticides are not kept, stored or mixed on Thule AB; therefore, security for pesticides is not necessary.

8.8 Emergency Disease Vector Surveillance and Control

Not applicable to Thule AB.

8.9 Coordination (DoD, other Federal, State, and local)

Liaison will be maintained between Thule AB and host nation health agencies to determine the prevalence of disease vectors and other public health pests in the areas surrounding the Installa-tion.

All correspondence is coordinated and approved by 821 ABG/CC and 21 CES/CEIE.

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9 SALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PESTICIDES

There are no sales or distribution of pesticides at Thule AB. Personal insect repellants, window netting and various types of protective headgear are available at the Base Supply Store.

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APPENDIX 1: IPM OUTLINE - BED BUGS

Target Life Stage (s) All

Summary Bed bugs are small, oval, flat, reddish brown in-sects. When found in large numbers they can give off a distinctive musty, sweet odor. Male bed bugs have a rounded abdomen. Several species feed on humans. Salivary proteins cause “sensitivity” to repeated bites by large numbers of bed bugs. Bed bugs are nocturnal and harbor in clusters. During the day they hide in cracks and crevices, behind baseboards, bed frames, mattress seams, etc.

Surveillance BMC Housing personnel.

Visual inspection.

As needed (January – December).

Control BMC Housing Supervisor.

Mechanical/Physical and cultural.

Bedding and curtains must be laundered or de-stroyed. Thoroughly vacuum and dispose of bags.

Steam, or destroy contaminated furniture and mat-tresses. Any holes or gaps that can provide har-borages should be sealed.

Control Standard Elimination of bed bugs

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APPENDIX 2: IPM OUTLINE - MOSQUITOES

Summary Mosquitoes have four distinct stages in their life cycle: adult, egg, larvae, and pupae. Both females and males feed on nectar but only females feed on blood. Some are active at night and others dur-ing the day and can travel considerable distances.

Mosquitoes possess the ability to transmit dis-eases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and encephalitis (Remark: Thule AB is located in the arctic area – not in the sub-tropic area).

Surveillance All base personnel.

Visual inspection.

As needed (June – July).

Control All base personnel.

Mechanical/Physical and cultural.

The use of screens and air curtains is recom-mended. Bug repellants, window netting and vari-ous types of protective headgear are used to re-duce the impact of these insects. The items are available at the Base Supply Store.

Control Standard Minimize mosquito bites

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APPENDIX 3: IPM OUTLINE - ARCTIC FOXES

Summary The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small fox na-tive to the Arctic regions of the Northern hemi-sphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome. It is well adapted to living in cold environ-ments, and is best known for its thick, warm fur that is also used as camouflage. On average, Arc-tic foxes only live 3–4 years in the wild. Its body length ranges from 46 to 68 cm (18 to 27 in), with a generally rounded body shape to minimize the escape of body heat.

Surveillance VS/ESH.

Visual inspection.

Monthly (January - December).

Control Danish Police Inspector (DPI)

Mechanical/Physical and cultural.

Procedures are established to cover the base land-fill household disposals immediately and to prevent feeding the arctic foxes. If monthly landfill inspec-tions reveal the number has become too large, then the population is regulated by shooting upon re-quest from VS/ESH.

If an arctic fox is suspected to be infected with ra-bies, it is immediately shot. The bodies are col-lected in drums and buried immediately after dis-posal at the base landfill.

Control Standard Reduce large population and eliminate rabies

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APPENDIX 4: PEST MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE RECORD