01_00_90_05_Geotechnical_Report_DEAL_MainReport.pdf

Department Of The Army New York District Corps of Engineers Jacob K. Javits Federal Building 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278-0090

Contract #W912DS-12-D-0002,Task Order #0015 Geophysical and Geotechnical investigation: Outfall design at Loch Arbour to Elberon, NJ under the Sandy Hook to Barnegat Beach Erosion Control Project

Main Report July 31, 2014

27 GLEN ROAD, NORTH ENTRANCE

SANDY HOOK, CONNECTICUT 06482

P.O. BOX 178, NEWTOWN, CT 06470

(203) 270-8100, FAX (203) 364-0480

www.e4sciences.com i

All interpretations are opinions based on inferences from sonar or other measurements.

We cannot, and do not, guarantee the accuracy or correctness of any interpretation. We shall not, except in the case of gross or willful negligence on our part, be liable or responsible for any loss, costs, damages or expenses incurred or sustained by anyone resulting from any interpretations made by any of our officers, agents or employees.

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Executive Summary

The United States Army Corps of Engineers, New York District (USACE-NAN), will nourish beaches from Loch Arbour to Elberon, New Jersey. To protect the beach nourishment, the USACE-NAN plans to extend outfalls beyond or beneath the beach. The USACE-NAN has assigned the e4sciences-AECOM team to design outfalls for USACE-NAN.

This product consists of an overview and four reports on the four quadrants:

(1) outfalls 45 to 42A

(2) outfalls 41 to 36

(3) outfalls 36B to 29

(4) outfalls 28 through 19

The e4 team performed hydrographic surveys, sonar imaging, standard penetration test (SPT) borings, reflection seismology, photographic inventory, and land surveys in the nearshore, on the beach, and on the ridge. The results produced surface topography and bathymetry, a Quaternary sand isopach map, a Top of Tertiary horizon, and maps of obstructions and debris.

The orthosonographs show sediment reflectivity, remnant piles, outfall debris, rip-rap, and large blocks. The final bathymetry merges the USACE-NAN survey data, e4 single-beam results, and e4 multibeam-scanning results. The field study combined land RTK survey, the LIDAR data, and professional data surveys to provide a complete topographic map of the area.

The orthosonographs and 3D imaging show that the groin heads are significantly larger than exposed subaerially. The orthosonographs reveal submarine exposures of the Tertiary sediments.

The orthosonographs show outfalls, sewer outfalls, and other obstructions to construction.

The sixteen borings (seven in the nearshore and nine on the beach) and the reflection seismology show that the stratigraphy consists of Quaternary sands overlying Tertiary sediments.

Subsurface in the project area consists of a relatively thin (~10ft) veneer of recent loose sands overlying an erosion surface in older more compact and stiff semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments.

The Quaternary sands consist mostly of Holocene beach deposits (Unit E). The average N-value in the Holocene sands measured 15.7. Pleistocene sands (Unit D) were encountered south of Poplar Brook. The average N-value in the Pleistocene sands measured 36.0. There is 1.5ft of clay near the base of the Pleistocene sands. Clay was not encountered in the Holocene sands.

The Tertiary sediments provide a bearing formation. The SPT borings penetrated three units (Unit C, Unit B, Unit A; younger to older) in the Tertiary. The average N-value in the three units measured 15.3, 19.4, and 16.8, respectively. The average plastic index measured in each of three units was 52.8, 19.7, and 3.0, respectively. The Tertiary sediments carry some gravel and fossils.

The three Tertiary units dip toward the southwest. Unit A is exposed in highs on the seafloor.

Units B and C have small irregular lithified rock areas less than 0.5ft thick of green siltstone.

Green siltstone rock fragments occur throughout the beach.

The thin offshore Quaternary sands may limit the possibilities for moving well points seaward.

The sands are fine to medium with permeabilities greater than 10 darcies. The Tertiary sediments have as much as 35% fines; that is, the grain size is less than 74 microns. The Tertiary sediments iii have permeabilities less than 10 millidarcies. That is, there is a three orders-of-magnitude difference in permeability between the Holocene sands and the Tertiary sediments.

At the beach, the thickness of Quaternary sands ranges from 4 to 12ft. In the offshore borings, the sands thicknesses ranged from 2 to 18ft. Offshore at roughly -35ft water depth, the sand thicknesses thin to zero. The offshore surface sands are thinner north of than south of Poplar Brook.

The Top of Tertiary map shows the top horizon of the impermeable and resistive Tertiary sediments.

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Table of Contents Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................... i

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... ii

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ iv

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. iv

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. vii

List of Plates ................................................................................................................................... vii

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Scope of work

Task 2.1.1 Field Services

3.0 Methodology

3.1 Task 2.1.1.1 Bathymetry

3.2 Task 2.1.1.2 Orthosonographs

3.3 Task 2.1.1.3 Borings

3.4 Task 2.1.1.4 Reflection seismology and geological cross sections

3.5 Task 2.1.1.5 LIDAR and land surveys

3.6 Task 2.1.1.6 Reporting

4.0 Results

4.1 Borings

4.2 Stratigraphy

4.3 Bathymetry and sonar

4.4 Seismic and geological cross sections

4.5 Maps

5.0 Quadrant Reports

5.1 Quadrant Report 1. Outfalls from 45 to 42A

5.1.1 Outfalls 44 and 45

5.1.2 Outfall 42A

5.2 Quadrant Report 2. Outfalls from 41 to 36

5.2.1 Outfall 41

5.2.2 Outfall 40

5.2.3 Outfall 36A

5.2.4 Outfall 36

5.3 Quadrant Report 3. Outfalls 36B to 29

5.3.1 Outfall 36B

5.3.2 Outfalls 34, 33, 32, New Outfall #4, and New Outfall #3

5.3.3 Outfall 29

5.4 Quadrant Report 4. Outfalls from 28 to 19

5.4.1 Outfall 28

5.4.2 New Outfall #2 and New Outfall #1

5.4.3 Outfall 19

6.0 Conclusions

Appendix I: Boring logs

Appendix II: Sample analyses

Appendix III: Electronic delivery of survey points

Appendix IV: 11x17 version of plates

List of Figures Figure 1. Location map of area of investigation

Figure 2. Oblique aerial photographs of the areas of Outfall 36B

Figure 3. Oblique aerial photographs of the areas north of 36B and just south of the Outfall 19. .. 5

Figure 4. Time and Tide in nearshore of the area of investigation v

Figure 5. Secondary vessel to measure closer to the beach

Figure 6. Offshore boring in the nearshore

Figure 7. Land borings on the beach

Figure 8. Example boring description

Figure 9. Bathymetry map

Figure 10. Orthosonograph

Figure 11. South to north seismic cross section offshore along marine borings

Figure 12. South to north seismic cross section nearshore along land borings

Figure 13. South to north geological cross section offshore along marine borings

Figure 14. South to north geological cross section

Figure 15. Top of Tertiary

Figure 16. Isopach map of Quaternary sands

Figure 5.1-1. Orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfall 42A to 45

Figure 5.1-2. Bathymetric and Top of Tertiary map from Outfall 42A to 45

Figure 5.1-3. Isopach map of Quaternary sands from Outfall 42A to 45

Figure 5.1-4. Seismic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.1-5. Geological cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.1-6. Detailed orthosonograph of Outfall 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-7. Aerial photographs of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-8. Existing condition of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-9. Existing condition of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-10. Existing condition of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-11. Existing condition of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-12. 3D imaging of outfalls 44 and 45

Figure 5.1-13. Detailed orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfall 42A

Figure 5.1-14. Aerial photographs of Outfall 42A

Figure 5.1-15. Existing conditions for Outfall 42A, Neptune Avenue

Figure 5.1-16. Existing conditions for Outfall 42A, Neptune Avenue

Figure 5.2-1. Orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfall 36 to 41

Figure 5.2-2. Bathymetric and Top of Tertiary map from Outfall 36-41

Figure 5.2-3. Isopach map of Quaternary sands from Outfall 36 to 41

Figure 5.2-4. Seismic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.2-5. Geologic cross section perpendicular to shore

Figure 5.2-6. Detailed orthosonograph of Outfall 41

Figure 5.2-7. Aerial photographs of outfalls 41 and 40

Figure 5.2-8. Existing conditions of outfalls 41

Figure 5.2-9. Existing conditions of Outfall 41

Figure 5.2-10. 3D imaging of Outfall 41

Figure 5.2-11. Detailed orthosonograph in the vicinity of Outfall 40

Figure 5.2-12. Aerial photographs of Outfall 40

Figure 5.2-13. Existing conditions of Outfall 40

Figure 5.2-14. 3D imaging of Outfall 40

Figure 5.2-15. Detailed orthosonograph in the vicinity of Outfall 36A

Figure 5.2-16. Aerial photographs of 36A

Figure 5.2-17. Existing conditions of outfalls 36A

Figure 5.2-18. Existing conditions of outfalls 36A

Figure 5.2-19. Existing conditions of outfalls 36A

Figure 5.2-20. 3D imaging of Outfall 36A

Figure 5.2-21. Detailed orthosonograph in the vicinity of Outfall 36

Figure 5.2-22. Aerial photographs of Outfall 36 vi

Figure 5.2-23. Existing conditions of Outfall 36

Figure 5.2-24. Existing conditions of Outfall 36

Figure 5.2-25. Existing conditions of Outfall 36

Figure 5.2-26. Existing conditions of Outfall 36

Figure 5.2-27. 3D imaging of Outfall 36

Figure 5.3-1. Orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfalls 29 to 36B

Figure 5.3-2. Bathymetric and Top of Tertiary map from Outfalls 29 to 36B

Figure 5.3-3. Isopach map of Quaternary sands from Outfalls 29 to 36B

Figure 5.3-4. Seismic section

Figure 5.3-5. Geologic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.3-6. Detailed orthosonograph of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-7. Aerial photographs of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-8. Existing conditions of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-9. Existing conditions of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-10. Existing conditions of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-11. 3D imaging of Outfall 36B

Figure 5.3-12. 3D imaging of sewer Outfall just south 36B

Figure 5.3-13. Seismic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.3-14. Seismic cross sections showing the Outfall pipe

Figure 5.3-15. Detailed orthosonograph insonified from east & west from Outfalls 32, 33, 34. .. 94

Figure 5.3-16. Aerial photographs of outfalls 34, 33, 32, New Outfall #4, and New Outfall #3. . 95

Figure 5.3-17. Existing conditions of Outfall 34

Figure 5.3-18. Existing conditions of Outfall 34

Figure 5.3-19. Existing conditions of Outfall 34

Figure 5.3-20. Existing conditions of outfalls 33 and 32

Figure 5.3-21. Existing conditions of outfalls 33 and 32

Figure 5.3-22. Aerial photographs of New Outfall #4 and New Outfall #3

Figure 5.3-23. Existing conditions of New Outfall #4 with New Outfall #3 in the background. 102

Figure 5.3-24. Existing condition of New Outfall #3

Figure 5.3-25. 3D imaging of Outfall 34, 33, 32

Figure 5.3-26. Detailed orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfall 29

Figure 5.3-27. Aerial photographs for Outfall 29, Garfield Avenue

Figure 5.3-28. Existing conditions for Outfall 29, Garfield Avenue

Figure 5.3-29. Existing conditions for Outfall 29, Garfield Avenue

Figure 5.3-30. Existing conditions for Outfall 29, Garfield Avenue

Figure 5.3-31. 3D imaging of Outfall 29

Figure 5.4-1. Orthosonograph insonified from east and west from Outfalls 19 to 28

Figure 5.4-2. Bathymetric and Top of Tertiary map from Outfalls 19 to 28

Figure 5.4-3. Isopach map of Quaternary sands from Outfalls 19 to 28

Figure 5.4-4. Seismic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.4-5. Geologic cross section perpendicular to the shore

Figure 5.4-6. Detailed orthosonograph of Outfall 28

Figure 5.4-7. Aerial photographs for Outfall 28, Breakwater Beach Club

Figure 5.4-8. Existing conditions for Outfall 28, Breakwater Beach Club

Figure 5.4-9. Existing conditions for Outfall 28, Breakwater Beach Club

Figure 5.4-10. Beach access, Breakwater Beach Club

Figure 5.4-11. 3D imaging of Outfall 29 and 28

Figure 5.4-12. Detailed orthosonograph of New Outfall #2 and New Outfall #1

Figure 5.4-13. Aerial photographs of New Outfall #2

Figure 5.4-14. Existing conditions of New Outfall #2 vii

Figure 5.4-15. Existing conditions of New Outfall #2

Figure 5.4-16. Aerial photographs of New Outfall #1

Figure 5.4-17. Existing conditions of New Outfall #1

Figure 5.4-18. Existing conditions of New Outfall #1

Figure 5.4-19. 3D imaging of New Outfalls 1 and 2

Figure 5.4-20. Detailed orthosonograph of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-21. Aerial photograph of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-22. Aerial photographs of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-23. Existing conditions of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-24. Existing conditions of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-25. Existing conditions of Outfall 19

Figure 5.4-26. 3D imaging of Outfall 19

List of Tables Table 1. Outfall concept overview

Table 2. Project chronology

Table 3. Boring type and locations

Table 4. Boring characteristics

Table 5. Average grain sizes for each stratigraphic unit

Table 6. Summary of Atterberg limits for each stratigraphic unit

Table 7. Summary of SPT N-values for each stratigraphic unit

Table 5.2-1. Target list for outfalls 36 to 41

Table 5.3-1. Target list for outfalls 36B to 29

Table 5.4-1. Target list for outfalls 28 to 19

List of Plates Plate 1. Location map Plate 2. Seismic cross sections Plate 3. Seismic cross sections Plate 4. Interpreted geological cross section Plate 5. Full area orthosonograph, bathymetry map, isopach map of Quaternary sands Plate 6. Orthosonograph, bathymetry, isopach, and horizon maps for outfalls 45 to 42A Plate 7. Seismic and geological cross sections for outfalls 41 to 42A Plate 8. Orthosonograph, bathymetry, isopach, and horizon maps for outfalls 41 to 36 Plate 9. Seismic and geological cross sections for outfalls 41 to 36 Plate 10. Orthosonograph, bathymetry, isopach, and horizon maps for outfalls 36B to 29 Plate 11. Seismic and geological cross sections for outfalls 36B to 29 Plate 12. Orthosonograph, bathymetry, isopach, and horizon maps for outfalls 28 to 19 Plate 13. Seismic and geological cross sections for outfalls 28 to 19 Plate 14. Outfalls 44 and 45 Plate 15. Outfall 42A Plate 16. Outfall 41 Plate 17. Outfall 40 Plate 18. Outfall 36A Plate 19. Outfall 36 Plate 20. Outfall 36B Plate 21. Outfall 34, Outfall 33, Outfall 32, New Outfall #4, New Outfall #3 Plate 22. Outfall 29 Plate 23. Outfall 28 Plate 24. New Outfall #2, New Outfall #1 Plate 25. Outfalls 19

1.0 Introduction

The United States Army Corps of Engineers, New York District (USACE-NAN), will nourish beaches from Loch Arbour to Elberon, New Jersey. To protect the beach nourishment, the USACE-NAN plans to extend outfalls beyond or beneath the beach. The USACE-NAN has assigned the e4sciences-AECOM team to design outfalls for USACE-NAN. Table 1 lists an overview of the design concepts for each of the outfalls.

Table 1. Outfall concept overview. S denotes areas south of 36B. N denotes areas north of 36B.

Order Outfall Location Size STA Invert NGVD Type

Extension Length Type

S1 45 Corlies Ave., Allenhurst Beach Club pool intake 12" 617+90 3.32’ SS 270' Timber cribbing S2 44 Corlies Ave., Allenhurst Beach Club pool outlet 14" 617+90 6.49’ DIP 296' Timber cribbing S3 42A Neptune Ave., Deal 10" 606+50 9.68’ DIP Replace final section S4 41 Marine Place, Deal 24"* 590+60 12.33’ DIP TBD Timber cribbing S5 40 Deal Esplanade, Deal 30" 586+40 8.72’ C 546' Timber cribbing S6 36A Deal Casino (south of groin notch #3) Pool intake 10" 561+50 SS 200' Timber cribbing S7 36 Phillips Ave., Deal 48" 549+00 0.41’ S 140' Composite cribbing

N8 36B Poplar Brook- Deal 84"x72" 539+60 RCBC 298' Composite cribbing N9 34 Elberon Bathing Club 76"x48" 520+00 2.65’ RCEC 514' Composite cribbing

N10 33 Elberon Bathing Club pool outlet 10" 522+50 0.79’ DIP 585' Timber cribbing N11 32 Elberon Bathing Club pool intake well points 8" 522+50 0.58’ SS 555' Timber cribbing N12 New #4 Elberon Bathing Club site drain 6" PVC Retention system N13 New #3 Elberon Bathing Club parking lot drain 8" PVC Retention system N14 29 Garfield Ave, Elberon 12" 509+20 9.75’ V clay

Reset pipe

N15 28 Breakwater Beach Club pool outlet 8" 502+20 8.51’ DIP Retention system N16 New #2 Ocean Beach Club 15" HDPE Retention system N17 New #1 Ocean Beach Club 15" HDPE Retention system N18 19 Lake Tak- Elberon 72" RCP 540' Composite Cribbing

This product reports the field studies done in support of the design work. The e4 team performed hydrographic surveys, sonar imaging, standard penetration test (SPT) borings, reflection seismology, photographic inventory, and land surveys in the nearshore, on the beach, and on the ridge. The results produced surface topography and bathymetry, a Quaternary sand isopach map, a Top of Tertiary horizon, and maps of obstructions and debris.

Figure 1 is the location map of the entire reach that is approximately 20,000ft south to north along the New Jersey Coast between Belmar and Long Branch. The project is divided into south and north sections (Table 1) between Outfall 36 (south) and Outfall 36B (north). Figure 2 contains aerial photographs of the areas south of Outfall 36B. Figure 3 contains aerial photographs of north areas of project, north of 36.

Table 2 lists the project chronology. The field services were conducted from April 10 to June 30, 2014.

The organization of this product is as follows. The main report is an overview. For the purposes of mapmaking, we divide the project into four quadrants, two in the south and two in the north.

Each of the four secondary reports focuses on a quadrant: (1) 45 to 42A, (2) outfalls 41 to 36, (3) outfalls 36B to 29, and (4) outfalls 28 through 19, respectively. The Appendices I and II contain the boring descriptions and the sample analyses.

Table 2. Project chronology. Note the dates are configured in year, month, and date.

Task Start Finish

(yyyy.mm.dd) (yyyy.mm.dd)

1 Notice to proceed 2014.03.11 2014.03.11 2 QA/QC plan 2014.04.07 2014.04.10 3 Review of existing data 2013.11.11 2014.05.28 4 One call, water borings 2014.04.19 2014.04.19 5 One call, land borings 2014.04.24 2014.04.27 6 Establish benchmarks and baseline 2014.04.24 2014.06.30 7 Land surveys of outfalls, e4 2014.04.21 2014.06.30 8 Jack-up to Deal, NJ 2014.04.21 2014.04.21 9 SPT water borings 2014.04.24 2014.04.26

10 SPT land borings 2014.05.01 2014.05.01 11 Side-scan (outside groins) acquisition 2014.05.06 2014.05.06 12 Side-scan (inside groins) acquisition 2014.05.07 2014.05.07 13 Sub-bottom seismic acquisition 2014.05.06 2014.05.07 14 3D imaging of groins and outfalls acquisition 2014.06.03 2014.06.12 15 Single-beam bathymetry acquisition 2014.06.16 2014.06.16 16 Side-scan (outside groins) processing 2014.05.07 2014.05.21 17 Side-scan (inside groins) processing 2014.05.08 2014.05.21 18 Sub-bottom seismic processing 2014.05.10 2014.05.28 19 Single-beam bathymetry processing 2014.06.18 2014.06.18 20 3D imaging processing 2014.06.19 2014.07.07 21 Geotechnical analysis results 2014.05.01 2014.06.30 22 Interpretation of bathymetry and topography 2014.05.01 2014.06.30 23 Cross section maps 2014.05.01 2014.06.30 24 Aerial flyover 2014.06.27 2014.06.27 25 Professional land surveyor 2014.07.14 2014.07.19 26 Draft report 2014.07.07 2014.07.19

Figure 1. Location map.

Figure 2. South project areas looking north (above) and south (below).

Figure 3. Aerial photographs of the north areas looking south.

2.0 Scope of work

Task 2.1.1 Field Services

The e4sciences-AECOM team performed the following services. The e4-AECOM team provided aerial photos, detailed site structural inventory of the existing outfall terminations, supplemental geotechnical investigation, and supplemental survey of the project locations. The extent and specific scope of this data collection were adjusted during the concept phase after USACE-NAN provided the e4-AECOMteam the previously existing conditions data that had been gathered.

Background. This project will construct the previously unconstructed section of the subject Beach Erosion Control Project that spans from Loch Arbor, NJ (just north of Deal Lake) to Elberon (unincorporated section within the City of Long Branch), just north of Lake Takannassee. The project will consist of approximately 3 miles of constructed beach (which will be constructed to a design berm width of 100’ from the reference line plus 40’ of advance nourishment), extension of outfalls within the constructed reach of beach, and the notching of 6 groins to support littoral transport. There are 9 outfall extensions required, 2 outfalls to be reset at a higher invert elevation, and 5 stormwater retention systems required.

This project was previously designed in 1999-2000, but never constructed. P.L. 113-2 (The Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013), passed in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, appropriates federal funding for Authorized, Not Constructed projects. The Elberon to Loch Arbor reach of the Sandy Hook to Barnegat Beach Erosion Control Project is one of those projects. Due to the amount of time that has passed since previous plans and specifications were developed for this project, USACE will complete a Limited Reevaluation Report for use as a decision document to move forward to full design.

3.0 Methodology

3.1 Task 2.1.1.1 Bathymetry

The bathymetry is a composite from several data sources:

1. USACE-NAN survey branch

2. e4 single beam

3. e4 multibeam scanning

These surveys were taken over a two-month period in April and May of 2014. The USACE surveys were designed to give a beach profile in the vicinity of the each outfall. The e4 surveys were focused on characterizing the area in the vicinity of the outfall. The data sets merged seamlessly, but do note that there are several weeks between the three data sets.

3.2 Task 2.1.1.2 Orthosonographs

The bathymetric, sonar, and seismic surveys were acquired on two boats. Figure 4 shows the e4 Time and Tide survey boat, working offshore in the area of investigation. Figure 5 shows the satellite survey boat that we used to do measurements closer to shore.

The side-scan orthosonographs provide a unique aerial-photograph-like image based on the sonar reflectivity of the mudline. High reflectivity (sands and rock) and roughness are brighter colors.

Low reflectivity (silts and muds) and holes are darker colors.

3.3 Task 2.1.1.3 Borings

Figure 6 shows photographs of the drilling processes on the jack up rig in the offshore of the area of investigation. Aquifer Drilling performed the drilling with Bruce Ward and James Trotta supervising.

Figure 7 shows photographs of drilling onshore with a skid rig (above) and a tripod (below). A total of 16 geotechnical borings were conducted; one for each of the planned outfall extensions.

One call was made to identify utilities. Safety surveys with sonar and seismic measurements to identify location of cables were conducted with magnetic field measurements, side-scan sonar, and sub-bottom profiles.

Dr. W. Bruce Ward, PhD supervised the collection of the 16 core borings in the field. The 16 borings were obtained as SPT cores according to ASTM D1586. The cores were a two-inch outer diameter. Cores compromising the surface of the bottom and sub-bottom and penetrating to a depth of 40 feet below subaqueous surface were obtained by Standard Penetration Test and are representative of the relative position of the bottom and sub-bottom strata. Borings to support construction of the retention systems were conducted to a depth of 25 feet below existing grade.

Falling head permeability tests were also conducted at the location of the retention system borings.

When located over a boring site, e4sciences made every reasonable effort to reach the required depth or to reach penetration refusal. Sample penetration of less than 15 feet was not accepted as a complete sample. Cores were split and photographed with scale. Boring logs for each outfall location were included in the final construction documents.

3.4 Task 2.1.1.4 Reflection seismology and geological cross sections

The seismic surveys produce cross sections of strata between borings. The seismic cross sections identify stratigraphy configuration and regional dip for all of strata. On this basis, we were able to create isopach maps for Quaternary sands and a horizon map for Top of Tertiary.

3.5 Task 2.1.1.5 LIDAR and land surveys

The e4-AECOM team has acquired RTK elevations, LIDAR data, and land surveying to delineate the topography, benchmarks, and the inverts for the area of investigation. The data is incorporated in the maps.

The e4-AECOM team took oblique aerial photographs of each of the outfall sites in order to help with characterization of existing conditions.

3.6 Task 2.1.1.6 Reporting

The e4-AECOM team prepared this secondary report to document the findings of the field services and to archive the information for future use. More detailed information for site characterization is carried in the quadrant reports included in the results. The emphases in these quadrant reports are the objective maps, cross sections, and figures.

Figure 4. Time and Tide working nearshore Deal.

Figure 5. Satellite survey boat for nearshore work.

Figure 6. Standard penetration test drilling neasrshore.

Figure 7. Standard penetration test drilling onshore.

4.0 Results

4.1 Borings

Appendix I contains all sixteen boring descriptions. Figure 8 plots an example boring description.

e4sciences provided a qualitative geologic description of material within the core, located by distance from top of core, and in elevation referenced to 1988 NAVD datum, using Wentworth classification system, and standard USACE core log format, seismology, and gradation analysis of all samples. Table 3 lists the borings acquired and their location.

Table 3. Boring type and locations.

Date completed Easting Northing

Borings Outfalls Class yyyy.mm.dd NJSP, NAD83, ft NJSP, NAD83, ft DNJ-14-01 44, 45 nearshore 2014.04.24 633,462.3 510,871.5 DNJ-14-02 41 nearshore 2014.04.26 634,144.3 513,259.4 DNJ-14-03 40 nearshore 2014.04.26 634,144.9 513,890.9 DNJ-14-04 36A beach 2014.05.09 634,183.7 516,417.6 DNJ-14-05 36 beach 2014.05.08 634,509.6 517,671.0 DNJ-14-06 36 nearshore 2014.04.25 634,874.8 517,717.4 DNJ-14-07 A1/36B nearshore 2014.04.24 635,055.7 518,462.7 DNJ-14-08 A1/36B beach 2014.05.08 634,659.9 518,570.3 DNJ-14-09 32, 33, 34 nearshore 2014.04.25 635,491.8 520,122.6 DNJ-14-10 32, 33 beach 2014.05.01 634,976.5 520,282.7 DNJ-14-11 New Outfall #3 beach 2014.05.01 635,034.6 520,528.6 DNJ-14-12 28 beach 2014.05.02 635,512.1 522,248.9 DNJ-14-13 New Outfall #1 beach 2014.05.02 635,725.7 523,346.2 DNJ-14-14 New Outfall #2 beach 2014.05.02 635,835.0 523,612.9 DNJ-14-15 19 nearshore 2014.04.25 636,712.0 525,798.2 DNJ-14-16 19 beach 2014.05.01 636,269.0 525,987.6

The team collected 16 borings:

• 7 marine borings to 42ft below seafloor near seaward end of outfall pipe extensions

• 5 land borings to 42ft below beach near the landward end of outfall pipe extensions

• 4 borings to 25ft below surface at proposed retention structures

Table 2 lists the units and range of values for the grain sizes per unit. Table 3 lists the Atterberg limits per unit. Table 4 lists the N-values per unit.

Table 4. Boring characteristics.

Easting Northing Elevation

TD elevation

Undisturbed Undisturbed

NJSP, NAD83 NJSP, NAD83 Seafloor/land Total depth NAVD88 Spoons samples range Borings ft ft ft ft ft Number Number ft

DNJ-14-01 633,462.3 510,871.5 -8.7 42.0 -50.7 11 0

DNJ-14-02 634,144.3 513,259.4 -17.5 42.0 -59.5 11 0

DNJ-14-03 634,144.9 513,890.9 -15.3 42.0 -57.3 11 0

DNJ-14-04 634,183.7 516,417.6 1.92 42.0 -40.1 11 0

DNJ-14-05 634,509.6 517,671.0 4.07 42.0 -37.9 11 1

DNJ-14-06 634,874.8 517,717.4 -7.1 42.0 -49.1 11 0 25-27

DNJ-14-07 635,055.7 518,462.7 -11.5 42.0 -53.5 11 0

DNJ-14-08 634,659.9 518,570.3 3.13 47.0 -43.9 13 1 17-19

DNJ-14-09 635,491.8 520,122.6 -18.6 42.0 -60.6 11 0

DNJ-14-10 634,976.5 520,282.7 2.96 42.0 -39.0 11 0

DNJ-14-11 635,034.6 520,528.6 2.98 22.0 -19.0 8 0

DNJ-14-12 635,512.1 522,248.9 2.65 16.0 -13.4 8 0

DNJ-14-13 635,725.7 523,346.2 13.43 42.0 -28.6 11 1 27-29

DNJ-14-14 635,835.0 523,612.9 5.5 27.5 -22.0 9 0

DNJ-14-15 636,712.0 525,798.2 -19.8 42.0 -61.8 11 0

DNJ-14-16 636,269.0 525,987.6 5.1 42.0 -36.9 11 0

Subsurface in the project area consists of relatively thin (~10ft) veneer of recent loose sands overlying an erosion surface in older more compact and stiff semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments.

The Quaternary sands consist mostly of Holocene beach deposits (Unit E). The average N-value in the Holocene sands measured 15.7. Pleistocene sands (Unit D) were encountered south of Poplar Brook. The average N-value in the Pleistocene sands measured 36.0. There is 1.5ft of clay near the base of the Pleistocene sands. Clay was not encountered in the Holocene sands.

The Tertiary sediments provide a bearing formation. The SPT borings penetrated three units (Unit C, Unit B, Unit A; younger to older) in the Tertiary. The average N-value in the three units measured 15.3, 19.4, and 16.8, respectively. The average plastic index measured in each of three units was 52.8, 19.7, and 3.0, respectively. The Tertiary sediments carry some gravel and fossils.

The three Tertiary units dip toward the southwest. Unit A is exposed in highs on the seafloor.

Units B and C have small irregular lithified areas less than 0.5ft thick of green siltstone. Green siltstone rock fragments occur throughout the beach.

The thin offshore Quaternary sands may limit the possibilities for moving well points seaward.

The sands are fine to medium with permeabilities greater than 10 darcies. The Tertiary sediments have as much as 35% fines; that is, the grain size is less than 74 microns. The Tertiary sediments have permeabilities less than 10 millidarcies. That is, there is a three orders-of-magnitude difference in permeability between the Holocene sands and the Tertiary sediments.

At the beach, the thickness of Quaternary sands ranges from 4 to 12ft. In the offshore borings, the sand thicknesses ranged from 2 to 18ft.Offshore at roughly -35ft water depth, the sand thicknesses thin to zero. The offshore surface sands are thinner north of than south of Poplar Brook.

The sample analyses

• 48 sieve analyses

• 22 hydrometer analyses

• 21 Atterberg limits

• 3 shear tests1

4.2 Stratigraphy

The Quaternary sediments consist of two units:

1) Unit E – Holocene beach sands

2) Unit D – Pleistocene sands with thin clays

The Holocene sands vary in grain size from 74 to 1190 microns. Most of the sand (~90%) is medium (1190 to 297 microns) to fine (297 to 74 microns) on the USCS grain-size scale. There is no clay. There are thin layers of gravel not exceeding an inch. On the foreshore, the sands show concentrations of black opaque grains from the swash zone. Shell fragments are abundant. Some fragments of corals were observed on the beach. These fragments appear to be remnants of the Tertiary sediments.

1Three samples preserved in Shelby tubes. Tests on hold awaiting specification of conditions by design team.

Table 5. Average grain sizes for each stratigraphic unit.

Unit

Gravel

Average

Sand

Average

%Coarse Sand

Average

%Medium Sand

Average

%Fine Sand

Average

Fines

Average A 0.5 90.8 1.9 34.8 54.1 8.7 B 0.8 74.8 1.6 11.0 62.3 24.4 C 3.3 61.9 2.0 13.4 46.5 34.7 D 0.2 92.1 0.7 3.1 88.4 7.8 E 6.7 90.7 5.0 42.0 43.7 2.6

The Tertiary strata consist of three units. From youngest to oldest these are:

1) Unit C – Manasquan/or Shark River Fm that are green clayey silts and silty sands

2) Unit B – Manasquan Formation that are dark-gray silty sands and silts

3) Unit A – Vincentown Formation that are compact dense sands

The Tertiary sediments are green because they carry green glauconite sand grains and green silts.

Unit C has as much as 34.7% fines on the USCS grain-size scale; that is, the grain size is less than 74 microns. Unit C is highly burrowed. The Tertiary units contain fragments of coral and other fossils. The Tertiary strata dip gradually to the southwest as observed in the seismic cross section.

Table 6. Summary of Atterberg limits for each stratigraphic unit.

Unit

Liquid Limit Min

Liquid Limit Max

Liquid Limit

Average

Plastic Limit Min

Plastic Limit Max

Plastic Limit

Average

Plastic Index Min

Plastic Index Max

Plastic Index

Average A 20 20 20.0 17 17 17.0 3 3 3.0 B 26 51 39.1 18 22 19.4 7 33 19.7 C 92 107 74.2 17 30 52.8 20 81 52.8

Table 7. Summary of SPT N-values for each stratigraphic unit.

Unit Min N-value Max N-value Average N-value A 6 38 16.8 B 3 56 19.4 C 0 45 15.3 D 16 36 36.0 E 1 70 15.7

4.3 Bathymetry and sonar

Figure 9 plots the bathymetry map for the entire area of investigation. Figure 10 plots the orthosonographs insonified from east and west.

The quadrant reports 1 through 4 contain more detailed images for each quadrant and each outfall.

4.4 Seismic and geological cross sections

Figure 11 plots the south to north offshore seismic cross section along marine borings. Figure 12 plots the south to north seismic nearshore cross section along land borings.

Figure 13 plots the south to north offshore geological cross section with marine and land borings.

Figure 14 plots the south to north geological onshore cross section with land and marine borings.

The quadrant report includes west to east cross sections for each quadrant.

4.5 Maps

With the bathymetry, the borings, and the cross sections, we can produce two geotechnical maps.

Figure 15 plots the Top of Tertiary map. Figure 16 plots the isopach map of Quaternary sand.

Figure 8. Example boring description.

Figure 9. Bathymetry and topographic map with contours. The contours are every half a foot. The hatched area represents beach nourishment.

Figure 10. Orthosonograph

Figure 11. South to north seismic cross section offshore along marine borings.

Figure 12. South to north seismic cross section nearshore along land borings.

Figure 13. South to north geological cross section offshore along marine borings

Figure 14. South to north geological cross section onshore along land borings

Figure 15. Top of Tertiary

Figure 16. Isopach map of Quaternary sand.