W9126G19B3286_DIV_02_Specifications_Appendix_A_Abatement_Guidelines_Part_1_of_2.pdf

CEMP-RT

Engineer Pamphlet 1110-1-11

Department of the Army U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Washington, DC 20314-1000

EP 1110-1-11

15 July 1992/ 30 September 1997

Engineering and Design

ASBESTOS ABATEMENT GUIDELINE

DETAIL SHEETS

Distribution Restriction Statement Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

CE!YIP-RT

Pamphlet No. 1110-1-11

DEPARTivfENT OF THE ARlv1Y U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers Washington, DC 20314-1000

Engineering and Design

EP 1110-1-11

Change 1

30 September 1997

ASBESTOS ABATEMENT GUIDELINE DETAIL SHEETS

1. This Change 1 to EP 1110-1-11, 15 Jul 92:

a. Lists additional OSHA and EPA references.

b. Incorporates the requirements of specific exposure and target risk activities established by

OSHA.

c. Incorporates specific training requirements mandated by the Asbestos Hazard Reauthorization Act.

2. Substitute the attached pages as shown below:

Part

Remove page

1 and 2 5 and 6 27 and 28

Insert page

1 thru 2-a 5 and 6 27 and 28

3. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.

FOR THE CO.MMANDER:

Colonel, Corps ofEngineers Chief of Staff

Errata Sheet

No.1

ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

Asbestos Abatement Guideline Detail Sheets

EP 1110-l-11, Change 1

30 September 1997

22 April 1998

Page 2a: Replace page 2a with the enclosed page.

EP 1110-l-11 Change 1

* and designed. Planners and designers shall ensure the appropriate requirements are considered in abatement specifications for individual projects.

c. Asbestos Training. When the Asbestos Hazardous Emergency Response Act (AHERA) was reauthorized as the Asbestos Hazard Reauthorization Act (ASHARA) it mandated specific training requirements for activities carried out in private and public buildings as well as schools. Specific training requirements for inspectors, management planners, project designers, contractors’ supervisors and workers are found in the EPA Model Accreditation Program (MAP) in 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C.

EPA agreement states may have more stringent requirements. Ensure appropriate requirements are included where necessary for the type of asbestos related activity to be performed. *

d. Building Occupancy. According to Army policy, asbestos should be abated during periods when area occupancy is minimal or prohibited: however, project phasing or other critical factors may cause buildings to be occupied during abatement. If abatement must be scheduled while the building is occupied, the designer must investigate the following items before developing the contract specifications.

(1) The ability to install critical barriers that prevent access into and the exchange of air flow from the abatement-regulated work area to the occupied areas.

(2) The ability to install ventilation systems that will continuously maintain a negative pressure within the contained abatement work area and provide an air change rate of at least four or more air changes per hour within the abatement area, thereby augmenting pressure differential between the abatement area and the occupied area. Air exchange rates must be calculated for the regulated work area in order to

-2a-m US fl.rfJIV Corps of Engineers Office of the Chief of Engineers

CHANGE 1 INCORPORATED

ASBESTOS ABATEMENT GUIDELINE

DETAIL SHEETS

EP 1110-1-11

15 JULY 1992

Pamphlet No. 1110-1-11

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 2031 4-1 000

Engineering and Design

ABATEMENT DETAIL SHEETS

EP 1110-1-11

15 July 1992

1. PURPOSE. This pamphlet provides asbestos abatement Guideline Detail Sheets (Setup and Response Action) that will be used in conjunction with Corps of Engineers Guide Specification for Military Construction CEGS

02080, Asbestos Abatement.

2. APPLICABILITY. This pamphlet applies to all HOUSACE/OCE elements and all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers commands (major subordinate commands, district commands, laboratories, and field operating activities) having civil works and/or military program responsibility.

3. CONTENTS. This pamphlet is divided into three primary parts. Part 1, ASBESTOS ABATEMENT DETAIL

SHEET INSTRUCTIONS, (pages 1-30) provides guidance to specifiers and designers on how to select. modify, and use the detail sheets in the preparation of asbestos abatement solicitations. Part 2, SETUP DETAILS, (pages 31 -60) contains a series of detail drawing sheets with instructions that identify the proper containment and controls to be employed in support of individual abatement work tasks. One or more setup detail sheets are required for each defined abatement work task and are directly dependent upon the required response action detail sheet selected for that work task. Part 3, RESPONSE ACTION DETAILS, (pages 61-1 36) contains a series of detail drawing sheets with instructions that identify the abatement method to be employed

(removal, encapsulation, encasement, enclosure, or repair) and the item to be abated (for example, removal of acoustical wall plastic on masonry). Only one response action detail sheet will be selected for each abatement work task. Each response action detail sheet refers to the appropriate setup detail sheets that are to be used to protect, contain, and control during the performance of the work task.

4. USE OF DETAIL SHEETS. Asbestos abatement in CEGS 02080 entails the removal, encapsulation, encasement, enclosure, and repair of friable and nonfriable asbestos-containing materials. The series of detail drawing sheets must be used in conjunction with the CEGS 02080 in order to identify specific methods of abatement, containment, and control required during the performance of abatement work tasks. These detail sheets take into account all identifiable abatement work tasks that might be requested by Corps of Engineers' customers. Specifiers and designers must select the appropriate detail sheets and modify, as necessary, to fit the unique conditions of each defined abatement task, and then append the selected sheets to asbestos abatement solicitations for use by the Contractor.

FOR THE COMMANDER

*UNTEA

Colonel, Corps of Engineers

Chief of Staff

Table of Contents

PART 1, ASBESTOS ABATEMENT DETAIL SHEET INSTRUCTIONS

1. Purpose ...

2. Applicability .

3. References .

4. Explanation of Abbreviations.

5. Background: Guideline Development .

6. Relative Hazard and Risk Assessment

7. Response Action Options

8. Abatement Decision Alternatives

9. Work Area Containment

1 0. Respiratory Protection

11. Guideline Application: Preparation of Contract Documents

12. Administrative Considerations . .

13. Containment Area Considerations

14. Response Action Selection

1 5. Abatement Design .

16. Replacement Design

17. Cost Estimating

Figure 1. Notification of Demolition and Renovation Sample Format

Figure 2. Waste and Shipment Record Sample Format

Table 1 . Recommended Respirator Selection for Protection Against Asbestos

Table 2. Asbestos Abatement Setup Details

Table 3. Response Action Details

Table 4. Response Action Detail Sheets By Abatement Method

Table 5. Final Air Clearance Requirements .

PART 2, SETUP DETAILS

Air lock

Installation of critical barrier and full containment area (for carpeted floors)

Installation of critical barrier and full containment area (for hard floor surfaces)

Installation of critical barrier and full containment area (for vinyl tile floors)

Single bulkhead containment area .

Double bulkhead containment area .

Mini-containment area

Ventilation of containment area and decontamination unit, using HEPA filters

Containers-double bagging

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15 JUL 92

Page

Sheet Page

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EP 111 0-1 -11

15JUL92

Table of Contents-Continued

PART 2, SETUP DETAILS-Continued

Containers-leak-tight wrapping . . .

Containers-corrugated cardboard boxes

Glove bag

Area warning signs and warning tape

Respiratory protection table

Protective clothing . .

Disposal container label

Decontamination unit signage

Preparation of full containment area for final clearance (for carpeted floors)

Preparation of full containment area for final clearance (for hard-surfaced floors) .

Preparation of containment area for final clearance (for vinyl tile floors)

Certification of final cleaning and visual inspection

Load-out unit floor plan . .

Modified containment area

Decontamination unit floor plan

Decontamination unit piping details

Temporary equipment enclosure

Access tunnel

Asbestos power vacuum collection and removal system

Cleaning and storage . .

Structural critical barrier

PART 3, RESPONSE ACTION DETAILS

Bridging encapsulation of troweled wall plaster

Repair of troweled wall plaster on stud wall

Repair of troweled ceiling or wall plaster on masonry

Removal of troweled wall plaster on masonry .

Removal of troweled wall plaster on stud wall

Bridging encapsulation of solid or acoustical ceiling plaster .

Removal of troweled ceiling plaster on structural substrate .

Removal of troweled ceiling plaster on hung ceiling .

Enclosure of acoustical wall plaster on masonry wall

Bridging encapsulation of acoustical wall plaster

Penetrating encapsulation of acoustical wall and ceiling plaster .

Combination encapsulation of acoustical wall and ceiling plaster

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Sheet Page

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. 9C 41

10 42

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Sheet Page

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Table of Contents~ontinued

PART 3, RESPONSE ACTION DETAILS-Continued

Repair of acoustical ceiling or wall plaster

Removal of acoustical wall plaster on masonry

Enclosure of acoustical ceiling plaster, spray-on fireproofing, and thermal insulation

Removal of acoustical ceiling plaster (nonasbestos substrate)

Removal of miscellaneous asbestos-containing materials

Removal of asbestos decorative paint on plaster

Removal of light curtain

Removal of interior asbestos cement, fiberboard, and drywall panels

Bridging encapsulation of asbestos cement wall, fiberboard, and drywall panels

Removal of asbestos-contaminated masonry for masonry chimney . .

Removal of asbestos-contaminated masonry wall or thermal insulation

Removal of suspended asbestos cement ceiling tile

Removal of asbestos cement architectural products

Removal of suspended acoustical ceiling tile . . .

Removal of glued-on acoustical ceiling and wall tile

Repair of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to concrete floor system

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos-free adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile and chemical dissolution of asbestos-containing adhesives on concrete floor system

Repair of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to wood floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to wood floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to wood floor system by asbestos-free adhesive

Removal of sheet-flooring adhered to wood floor system

Removal of sheet-flooring adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of carpeting (asbestos-containing or -contaminated)

Encasement of fireproofing or thermal insulation of beams and decking

Encasement of fireproofing or thermal insulation on columns

Removal of fireproofing or thermal surface insulation

Encasement of acoustical ceiling insulation

Removal of acoustical ceiling insulation

Enclosing asbest{)s-<:ontaminated soil ~

Penetrating encapsulation of asbestos-contaminated soil

Removal of asbestos-contaminated soil

Removal of built-up roofing and flashing

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EP1110-1-11

15 JUL 92

Sheet Page

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EP 111 0-1-11

15 JUL 92

Table of Contents-Continued

PART 3, RESPONSE ACTION DETAILS-Continued

Removal of roof. shingles, and underlay

Bridging encapsulation of exterior asbestos stucco

Bridging encapsulation of interior asbestos stucco .

Repair of interior asbestos stucco .

Removal of exterior asbestos stucco

Repair of exterior asbestos stucco .

Removal of asbestos cement siding

Removal of asbestos cement roofing

Removal of asbestos-containing walkway cover .

Removal of asbestos-contaminated metal siding

Removal of asbestos cement sunscreen louvers .

Repair of pipe and fitting insulation (using glove bag)

Removal of pipe insulation (using glove bag)

Removal of horizontal pipe insulation (using containment area)

Removal of pipe insulation (using mini-containment area)

Encasement of storage tank or boiler breeching

Bridging encapsulation of storage tank and boiler breeching

Repair of storage tank and boiler breeching

Removal of storage tank and boiler breeching insulation

Removal of pipe-fitting insulation (using glove bag)

Removal of asbestos-insulated electrical wiring

Removal of asbestos-insulated electrical fixture

Removal of boiler firebox insulation

Bridging encapsulation of boiler and piping gaskets

Removal of boiler and piping gaskets .

Repair of duct insulation

Removal of duct insulation

Removal of asbestos cement pipe

Removal of asbestos cement ductwork .

Removal of asbestos flex connector . .

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Sheet Page

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30 Se 97

Part 1, Asbestos Abatement Detail Sheet Instructions

1. PURPOSE. This engineer pamphlet (EP) provides the Setup and Response Detail Sheets that the designer must use in conjunction with CEGS 02080, Asbestos Abatement, when preparing asbestos abatement contract documents.

2. APPLICABILITY. This EP applies to all HQUSACE/OCE elements and all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers commands (major subordinate commands, district commands, laboratories, and field operating activities) having civil works and/or military program responsibility.

* 3. REFERENCES. References which are cited in this engineering pamphlet and/or provide related guidance are listed below. *

a. 40 CFR Part 61, Subparts A and M.

b. 29 CFR Part 1926.1101, Asbestos in Construction.

c. 40 CFR 763, Asbestos.

e. EPA Publication Asbestos/Demolition Decision Tree, 1994.

f. EPA Publication No.340/1-90-018, Asbestos/NESHAP Regulated Asbestos Containing Materials Guidance, December 1990.

g. EPA Publication No. 340/1-90-019, Asbestos/NESHAP Adequately Wet Guidance.

h. EPA Publication No. 20-T-2003, Managing Asbestos in Place, July 1990.

i. Corps of Engineers Guide Specifications (CEGS 02080), Asbestos Abatement.

j. ENVR-EP Memorandum, dated 22 January 1992, subject: Policy Guidance on Interpretation of Revised EPA Asbestos Rule Affecting Demolition and Renovation of Buildings. (available from HQDA, Office of the Director of Environmental Protection).

-1-

Note: EPA documents available from U.S.

Environmental Office Protection Agency, Small Business Ombudsman, 1230 C, 401 M St., S.W.

Washington, DC 20460; 1-800-368-5888.

4. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Abbreviations used in the EP are explained below.

a. ACM ......... asbestos-containing material.

b. CEGS ....... Corps of Engineers Guide Specifications

c. CFR. ......... Code of Federal Regulations

d. CO ............ Contracting Officer

e. COR. ........ Contracting Officer's Representative

f. EP ............. engineer pamphlet

h. HEPA. ....... high efficiency particulate air

I. NESHAP ... National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

j. NIOSH ....... Nationallnstitute of Occupational Safety and Health

k. OSHA. ....... Occupational Safety and Health Administration

I. PCM .......... phase contrast microscopy

m. TEM .......... transmission electron microscopy

5. BACKGROUND: GUIDELINE

DEVELOPMENT.

Historically, asbestos abatement, design has primarily used written specifications for detailing both the scope of work and abatement technologies. As a result, contract documents were lengthy and difficult to follow. Therefore, techniques were modified in order to:

a. Reduce specification content by graphically depicting abatement techniques.

b. Present detail sheets of abatement * techniques common to many response actions.

c. Provide as much information as possible on the detail sheets so that project specific variations can be developed by editing the sheets.

d. Provide a manageable process for guide * specifications by covering several different abatement methods for both friable and nonfriable asbestos-containing material (ACM).

The detail sheets provided in this EP are the product of the combined practical experience of numerous professional design and management sources and must be used in conjunction with

CEGS 02080.

6. RELATIVE HAZARD AND RISK

ASSESSMENT.

The purpose of asbestos abatement is to protect building inhabitants, nearby receptors, and the environment from exposure to and contamination from asbestos fibers. Therefore, before establishing minimum control methods based on relative hazards, the designer must evaluate the potential for the release of asbestos fibers into the indoor and outdoor environment during abatement.

a. Friability.

(1) The most common hazard of assessment factor is the friability of ACM. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for asbestos (40 CFR Part 61, Subparts A and M) and EPA Agreement States implementing NESHAP require strictly controlled response actions for all friable ACM. 40 CFR Part 61, Subparts A and M, CEGS 02080;

and ENVR-EP Memorandum, Policy Guidance on Interpretation of Revised EPA Asbestos Rule Affecting Demolition and Renovation of Buildings, provide detailed guidance relative to friability designation. Controlled removal of friable ACM is normally carried out using wet techniques. EPA Publication No. 340/1-90-019, Asbestos/NESHAP Adequately Wet Guidance, provides specific guidance regarding adequately wet requirements of the revised NESHAP standard.

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(2) In addition, NESHAP requires preconstruction surveys and assessments for planned demolition and/or renovation actions.

Those surveys and assessments are particularly relevant to demolition and/or renovation actions.

Those surveys and assessments are particularly relevant to demolition and/or renovation abatement projects involving nonfriable ACM. NESHAP defines two categories of nonfriable ACM.

Category 1 nonfriable ACM includes resilient floor covering (including ACM floor tile), asphalt roofing materials, packing and gaskets. Category 2 nonfriable ACM includes all other nonfriable ACM, such as asbestos cement roofing tiles, siding, transite board, etc. If specific survey and assessment decision criteria in the NESHAP at 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, are met, categories 1 and 2 nonfriable ACM may be left in place during demolition projects.

(3) When planning customer abatement procedures that involve demolition and/or renovation of nonfriable ACM, the designer must consult with the following before including nonfriable ACM in or excluding nonfriable ACM from abatement documents:

(a) NESHAP asbestos standards.

(b) State and local requirements (both regulatory and local jurisdiction landfill).

(c) Army guidance on this subject (ENVR-EP Memorandum, Policy Guidance on Interpretation of New EPA Asbestos Rule Affecting Demolition and Renovation of Buildings).

(d) Installation guidance on this subject.

(e) Customer requirements.

(f) OSHA Asbestos Standard 29 CFR Part 1926.1101.

b. OSHA Construction. OSHA in 29 CFR Part

1926.1101 has established specific exposure and target risk activities to include Categories I, II, Ill and IV tasks. Requirements in this OSHA regulation, to include state requirements which may be more stringent, will have a significant impact on the manner in which a project is planned *

I

EP 1110-l-11

* and designed. Planners and designers shall ensure the appropriate requirements are considered in abatement specifications for individual projects.

c. Asbestos Training. When the Asbestos Hazardous Emergency Response Act (AHERA) was reauthorized as the Asbestos Hazard Reauthorization Act (ASHARA) it mandated specific training requirements for activities carried out in private and public buildings as well as schools. Specific training requirements for inspectors, management planners, project designers, contractors’ supervisors and workers are found in the EPA Model Accreditation Program (MAP) in 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C.

EPA agreement states may have more stringent requirements. Ensure appropriate requirements are included where necessary for the type of asbestos related activity to be performed. *

d. Building Occupancy. According to Army policy, asbestos should be abated during periods when area occupancy is minimal or prohibited: however, project phasing or other critical factors may cause buildings to be occupied during abatement. If abatement must be scheduled while the building is occupied, the designer must investigate the following items before developing the contract specifications.

(1) The ability to install critical barriers that prevent access into and the exchange of air flow from the abatement-regulated work area to the occupied areas.

(2) The ability to install ventilation systems that will continuously maintain a negative pressure within the contained abatement work area and provide an air change rate of at least four or more air changes per hour within the abatement area, thereby augmenting pressure differential between the abatement area and the occupied area. Air exchange rates must be calculated for the regulated work area in order to

-2a-ensure that air flows into the containment at all times.

(3) The re-examination of fire evacuation routes for compliance with local fire codes.

(4) The ability to safely access building service areas such as electrical panels, rest room facilities, and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems.

(5) The ability to readjust building air-handling systems for isolation of airflow into/from the abatement area.

(6) The need for altered occupant travel paths and/or temporary facilities.

(7) The ability to provide security during and after daily abatement activities.

(8) The development, with the customer, of an occupant awareness program, including a description of the actual project work.

7. RESPONSE ACTION OPTIONS.

a. General. Asbestos abatement is achieved through the appropriate selection of the following five accepted techniques:

( 1 J Removal.

{2} Encapsulation (bridging, penetrating, and combination).

{3) Encasement.

(4) Enclosure.

(5) Repair.

The designer will consult with the customer and evaluate existing conditions of the ACM in order to identify all abatement work tasks and determine which abatement technique will be specified for each identified abatement task to be completed.

b. Removal.

( 1) Of all available abatement techniques, removal offers -the most satisfactory long-term solution. However, cost and the potential for spreading contamination during removal are major considerations. For information about the adverse effects of removal abeitement projects, the

EP1110-1-11

15JUL92

designer should review EPA Publication No.

20-T-2003, Managing Asbestos In Place, which describes in-place management versus removal.

(2) Many response action details for the removal of ACM are presented herein.

c. Encapsulation. The many types of encapsulants fall into two prime categories:

bridging encapsulants and penetrating encapsulants. For friable ACM, either type has a narrow range of application possibilities as an abatement strategy, particularly interior ACM.

Consequently, encapsulation should be limited to those situations where friable ACM is extremely difficult to reach or is relatively thin in depth. If encapsulation is used, the designer must ascertain that the friable ACM has sufficient strength to support itself with the added weight of the encapsulant. Furthermore, many encapsulants will reduce the effective fire rating; therefore, if the friable ACM is fire rated, critical selection of the encapsulant should include the effect on the fire rating. For nonfriable ACM, a broader spectrum of application exists; its use on durable and exterior building products is common.

(1) Bridging Encapsulants. Bridging encapsulants are characterized by their ability to span interstitial spaces and provide a superficial seal. Also, because of their high solids content, these encapsulants commonly provide high-temperature resistance as well. Bridging encapsulants are recommended for application on plaster, stucco, and wall paneling only. Bridging encapsulants are normally applied by airless-spray;

although palm-grade encapsulant is trowel applied. Palm-grade bridging encapsulants, however, are recommended for application only on tank and boiler breeching or boiler and pipe gaskets.

(2) Penetrating Encapsulants.

(a) Penetrating encapsulants have a low solids content and reduce the natural surface tension of the asbestos fibers, thereby aiding absorption. They penetrate beyond the surface of the ACM and bind the asbestos fibers into a relatively hard mass. Silicon-based penetrating encapsulants develop extremely low surface

-3-tension because of their chemical similarity to asbesto5, but their use should be limited to encapsulating acoustical materials in place and asbestos-contaminated soils found in crawl spaces or pipe trenches.

(b) Lock down encapsulants are penetrating encapsulants designed to lock residual asbestos to the surface from which the ACM was removed and the polyethylene sheeting in the containment area. These encapsulants, however, dry into a clear, glossy surface that may interfere with the bonding of new, asbestos-free replacement materials.

(c) Removal encapsulants are a type of silicone-based penetrating encapsulant that do not have curing agents in their formulation, but instead keep the ACM wet-a characteristic particularly helpful in reducing ACM fiber release.

(3) Combination encapsulants. Combination encapsulation involves the sequential application of both a penetrating and then a bridging encapsulant. Repair of asbestos cement roofing panels or wall and ceiling plaster are the only recommended uses.

(4) High-temperature encapsulant. If encapsulants are to be used for a high-temperature application, such as a boiler gasket, a high-temperature encapsulant (2,000 °F, 1 '100 °C,) should be specified. If a low-temperature encapsulant is used for a high-temperature application, it could result in toxic organic emissions and asbestos release. The manufacturer's data sheet can be used to confirm the temperature rating of the encapsulant.

d. Encasement. Encasement is an abatement technique involving a two-step process. First, the

ACM is encapsulated by spraying a penetrating foam onto the ACM. Next, after the foam has cured, a plastic coating, which cures into a hard protective coating, is sprayed onto the foam. If encasement is chosen, the fire rating must be assessed and the ability of ACM to carry the additional weight of the foam and protective coating must be determined. If the ACM is unable to support the added weight, anchors can be installed or an analysis of the capability of the protective coating to bridge between support points can be made. Encasement techniques are recommended only for in situ abatement of spray-on fireproofing and thermal insulation and for hot water storage tanks exposed to weather.

e. Enclosure. The enclosure of ACM involves constructing a permanent, airtight, impermeable barrier surrounding the ACM. Normally, studs are first installed around the ACM without disturbing

it. Next, polyethylene is fastened to the studs, and all perimeter edges and points are sealed with duct tape. Finally, asbestos-free plaster board is attached to the studs. Enclosure should only be used when small amounts of ACM are involved or when access to the ACM is so restricted that a major component of the building would otherwise have to be demolished in order to complete the abatement.

f. Repair. This technique is used to re-establish the integrity of ACM that has deteriorated to a point where the potential for ACM release exists.

Repair as an abatement action is principally directed toward small areas of nonfriable ACM.

Friable ACM, however, can be repaired where removal is not an acceptable alternative.

Furthermore, this technique can be used as a stop-gap measure for small, significantly damaged areas that are expected to be a part of a more permanent abatement action in the future.

8. ABATEMENT DECISION ALTERNATIVES.

Before asbestos abatement begins, the work area must be prepared in a manner that will protect human health and the environment. Since the disturbance of ACM generates airborne asbestos fibers that may remain suspended in the air for a long time and migrate to other areas of the building, work area preparations must be designed to contain fibers during the entire abatement process. Furthermore, the preparations protect interior finishes, equipment, fixtures, etc., from water damage or asbestos contamination, and also help reduce final cleaning procedures.

a. Containment Alternatives. The designer must decide the extent of the protection needed for a specific response action. The items to be considered are (1) the relative risk of the

-4-alternatives, (2) the degree of protection necessary, and (3) the amount of protection the alternative provides. The five basic setup alternatives are listed in (1) through (5) below. The first four alternatives are primarily for interior abatement work; however, situations may occur where they could be applied to an exterior response action as well.

(1) Full-scale contaminant areas (sheets 2,3, and 4).

(2) Small-scale, short-duration abatement areas (sheet 1 0).

(3) Mini contaminant areas (sheets 5, 6, and 7).

(4) Modified contaminant areas (sheet 21 ).

(5) Exterior abatement areas. (These are not defined by a containment area sheet, but are identified on individual Response Action Detail (Sheets).

b. Alternative Requirements.

(1) Each containment alternative has many varitations, since each abatement project presents its own unique requirements.

(2) One such requirement is abatement area sizing. Sizing is based upon site-specific data and requirements. For example, a large abatement area can be subdivided into small containment areas. As each containment area is completed, critical barriers can be installed over the access way of the completed containment area, thereby isolating it from the unabated areas. When abatement is complete, the air can be cleared for the enitre abatement area, thereby minimizing cost. (For air clearance, however, the areas must be contiguous).

(3) Sizing may also be affected by economic analysis. For example, the construction of a bulkhead would probably shrink the size of the abatement area, thereby reducing the size of the high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered fan unit, the amount of plastic installed and disposed, and the decontamination time. Sizing may also be

EP 1110-1-11

Change 1 30 Se 97 affected by phasing considerations.

(4) In essence, area sizing and other requirements of an abatement area can vary widely; choosing the appropriate variation depends upon the good judgement of all parties involved.

9. WORK AREA CONTAINMENT. Airborne asbestos fibers are contained within the work area during abatement by the installation of polyethylene sheeting or strippable coatings on walls, floor, and/or ceiling.

a. Full-Scale Containment

(1) Basic. Full-scale containment is used for large projects involving significant fiber release caused by the quantity and/or friability of the ACM and if the environmental hazard and personal risk is high. (See sheets 2, 3, and 4). Full-scale containment involves the following items:

(a) The protection of all non-ACM surfaces in the work area.

(b) The blocking of all openings, penetrations, passage ways, and critical barriers into and out of the work area with polyethylene or rigid impermeable material.

(c) Material load-out units,

(d) Personnel decontamination units.

(e) HEPA-filtered air exhaust.

(f) High-level of personal protection.

(2) Variations. Under certain conditions, full scale containment may deviate from the items listed in paragraph (1) above. Take, for example, an abatement project response action requiring the removal of vinyl asbestos tile covering 6,000 square feet in a gymnasium. A comprehensive survey and assessment shows the floor tile is in

* poor condition and friable according to EPA NESHAP asbestos rule. The vinyl asbestos tile is very brittle (crumbling) and worn. Because of previous repairs, the floor looks like a patchwork quilt. The vinyl asbestos tile adhesive also contains asbestos. For this situation, both walls

-5-and ceiling are to be protected, and all of the normal protection features are to be applied.

Because the ceiling in the gymnasium is 30 feet high, the Contractor has quoted an alternative proposal in order to comply with all of the design provisions (including critical barriers), except the polyethylene will be installed on the walls up to a height of only 6 feet. The Contractor will use flooding for tile removal and an organic material for adhesive removal. This deviation is an acceptable and practical response action if upon completion, the Contractor cleans all wall and ceiling surfaces above the polyethylene, including lights, backboards, stage, seating, scoreboards, etc.

Final air clearance will provide evidence of the Contractor's success.

* b. Small-Scale, Short Duration Abatement (Rescinded)

c. Mini-Containment.

(1) A mini-containment area provides an airtight enclosure around either a low-or high hazard work area that is of limited size (see detail sheets 5,6, and 7). Mini-containment limits the spread of asbestos fibers to a small area rather than an entire room, and offers a quick and relatively inexpensive enclosure.

(2) The mini-containment area is constructed with a small compartment serving as an air lock that prevents the release of contaminated air to the "clean side." The abatement worker wears two sets of protective clothing. Before leaving the work area, the worker must vacuum the outer protective suit, remove it, and place it in a disposable bag.

Then the worker steps into the air lock, where a clean bucket of water has been placed, and wet wipes the respirator and face and hands with a damp rag. Next the worker removes the respirator and places it in a clean plastic bag. Finally, wearing the inner suit, the worker proceeds to a shower located somewhere else. These personnel decontamination procedures generally, require the following items, as a minimum:

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(a) HEPA vacuum.

(b) Critical barriers.

(c) Full facepiece, negative pressure, air-purifying respirator.

(d) Protective clothing.

(e) Access to a shower or a three-stage decontamination unit.

(3) The mini-containment area can be applied to almost all interior response actions that are limited in scope. For example, a roof leak caused

4 square feet of wall plaster in a hallway to become crumbly and in need of repair. The plaster contains 5-percent chrysotile. The adjacent wall surfaces are painted and in good condition. In analyzing the needs of the response action, it was determined that only a mini-containment area was required. The damaged, friable plaster would be removed with a chisel, a brush, wet techniques, and a HEPA vacuum. It was estimated that removal of the damaged plaster and installation of new plaster would not exceed 4 hours (after installation of the mini-containment enclosure).

After completing the response action work, the worker followed the predetermined personnel decontamination procedures at the enclosure.

d. Modified Containment Areas.

(1 J Modified containment procedures are used only for low-hazard applications (see sheet

21). These procedures generally require the following items as a minimum:

(a) HEPA vacuum

(b) Local exhaust HEPA filtered ventilation unit.

(c) Critical barriers.

(d) Negative pressure, air-purifying respirator.

(e) Protective clothing.

(f) Access to a shower.

(2) Modified containment application is limited to response actions where nonfriable materials can be removed intact, for example, an asbestos cement tabletop or partition. Other projects that would qualify are easily contained

EP1110-1-11

15 JUL 92

operations, such as glove bags. Furthermore, modified containment procedures can be applied to the encapsulation of small, low-hazard items such as flange and boiler gaskets, which are virtually nonfriable because of the relatively small surface area exposure and compressive containment.

(3) The removal of category 2 nonfriable asbestos-containing fiberboard or drywall panels also exemplifies the use of modified containment procedures. Critical barriers, along with a

HEPA-filtered ventilation system that recirculates the air within the work area, are installed.

Polyethylene sheeting is not placed on walls, since the wall material is to be removed, but the sheeting is placed on the floor beneath the work area. A respirator and protective clothing are required. Furthermore, an air lock is attached to the modified containment area (except for glove bag operations) where workers enter, exit, and conduct decontamination procedures as for the mini-containment area. Finally, all exposed workers should also take a shower immediately upon completion of abatement-related work activities.

e. Exterior Abatement Areas.

(1 J Response actions to building exteriors commonly involve the noncontainment removal of category 1 and 2 nonfriable ACM, such as roofing and siding. If done carefully, the probability of any fiber release can be minimized, provided the material does not become friable, that is, crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder, during the removal. Simple breakage during removal does not mean that the abatement must be conducted under containment. If fiber release can be controlled by keeping the ACM nonfriable, then the need for a containment area and most of the associated work restrictions is unnecessary.

(2) When work occurs in an unconfined outdoor air space, access to the work area must be controlled. A boundary zone extending 30 to 40 feet beyond the work area must be delineated (see sheet 1 1 l. Furthermore, all workers should wear, as a minimum, a negative pressure, air-purifying respirator and breathable protective clothing. Workers should also shower immediately

-7-after completion of work. The Contractor's asbestos hazard abatement plan will specify personal protection and decontamination facility requirements for exterior asbestos abatement actions.

f. Glove Bag Operations. The glove bag provides an airtight enclosure around the work area, enabling an abatement worker to remove or repair ACM within a contained area (see sheet

1 0). A glove bag provides safe removal of ACM without the expense of a full-scale room containment. When a glove bag is used, the immediate area must be isolated in order to restrict access, and critical barriers must be installed (see sheet 21 ). A HEPA-filtered vacuum unit supporting the glove bag operation is required. Also, the glove bag may be kept under negative pressure in order to prevent the spread of asbestos if the glove bag leaks. Finally, placing a (nonducted) HEPA-filtered exhaust system in the area of the glove bag operation can help control an accidental fiber release from spreading beyond the established work area.

10. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION.

a. Personal Air Monitoring. OSHA requires that the type of respirator used by the worker be determined by personal air monitoring that quantifies fiber content in the environment where the individual works. The fiber content is determined by collecting air samples in the worker's breathing zone. The samples are taken by a low-volume, battery-powered pump attached at the waist on the worker's belt and connected via polyethylene tubing to a filter cassette connected to the worker's clothing at the breathing zone. Constant air monitoring establishes a time-weighted average and ensures that worker exposure is kept below acceptable levels for a given respirator. The responsibility for personal air monitoring is the abatement

Contractor's.

b. Respirator Types and Protection Factors.

(1 J Detail Sheet 12 describes the respirator types required under various airborne asbestos fiber concentrations. Protection factors take into consideration that any respirator functioning under negative air pressure depends solely upon the seal between the mask and the face. Since that seal is mechanical and likely to leak, the protection factor is appropriately lower for standard half-mask and full facepiece respirators than for powered air-purifying or pressure-demand supplied air respirators operating under positive pressure so that leakage is always outside the breathing zone.

(2) Under no circumstances are single-use disposable dust masks to be used. The minimum level of respiratory protection is the half-facepiece, negative pressure, air-purifying, dual cartridge (HEPA-filtered) respirator, regardless of the type of ACM. Table 1 indicates OSHA protection factors for various types of respirators.

Maximum-use concentrations are based on a proposed OSHA standard of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter (i.e., 0.1 x 10 = 1 fiber/cc).

11. GUIDELINE APPLICATION: PREPARATION OF

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.

a. Guideline Detail Sheet and CEGS 02080 Development and Use. The detail sheets presented in this EP and the CEGS 02080 were · developed as companion guid,:;:ines that must be used together. Furthermo~d, they must be adapted to fit the needs of specific projects.

( 1 J Pictorial representations. The detail sheets provide sketches of desired construction/abatement actions-particularly useful as a guide for Contractors and workers.

Also, since information presented graphically does not have to be included as a part of the contract specification, pictorial representations may very well be "worth a thousand words." However, the sketches do not provide everything needed for contract documents for two reasons: First, graphic details must be generic enough for selective modifications or adaptation to project specific situations. Second, the number of detail sheets must be small enough so that designs can be selected reasonably quickly.

(2) Details versus CEGS 02080. There are many abatement requirements for which pictorial representations are inappropriate, from a practical

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EP1110-1-11

Table 1. Recommended Respirator Selection for Protection Against Asbestos

Re.pinnor Type

Helf fecepiece, air-purifying, HEPA filter I Full facepiece, air-purifying, HEPA filter

Powered air-purifying, loose-fitting helmet or hood, HEPA filter

Powered air-purifying, full facepiece, HEPA filter

Supplied air, continuous flow, loose-fitting helmet or hood

Supplied air, continuous flow. full facepiece.

HEPA escape

Full facepiece, supplied air, pressure demand, HEPA escape

Full facepiece, supplied air, pressure demand, with auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus, pressure demand or continuous flow point of view. The determination of what information would be presented either in the details or in CEGS 02080 was based upon the identification and selection of those abatement procedures that were worker related (instructive graphics) and those that were administrative in nature (written specifications). In combination, the guideline detail sheets and CEGS 02080 effectively respond to all applicable U.S. laws and regulations that can be enforced while the

Contractor is under contract.

(3) Project-specific adaptation. Both the details and CEGS 02080 are generic and must be site adapted to meet project-specific requirements. Practical implementation of these guidelines will lead to the creation of project-specific details and specifications.

b. Guideline Detail Sheet Organization. The guideline detail sheets have been created using descriptive abatement instructions. Both the instructions and graphics contain enough data so that the detaii can be modified for specific

OSHA Protection Factor I Maximum Uae Concentration ~

10 1 fiber/cc

50 6 fibers/cc

I 10 fibers/cc

I

1 0 fibers/cc

100 1 0 fibers/cc

I 10 fibers/cc

1,000 1 00 fibers/cc

1,000 1 00 fibers/cc projects by using manual deletion and editing techniques. The detail sheets are organized into two groups. The first group of 28 sheets, as shown in table 2, presents the techniques and information necessary to set up or prepare an abatement area for any response action. The remaining sheets, as shown in table 3, present specific response actions. The response action detail sheets are organized into three categories:

interior architectural, exterior architectural, and mechanical/electrical applications. In addition, response action details have been segregated by abatement technique (removal, encapsulation, encasement, enclosure, repair) in table 4.

c. CEGS 02080 Development and Use.

(1 J The information in CEGS 02080 is primarily technical in context but administrative in nature because CEGS 02080 was developed to support the detail sheets by providing other pertinent asbestos abatement information. Some worker-related abatement techniques, such as decontamination procedures, were made a

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15JUL92

Table 2. Asbestos Abatement Setup Details

Setup Detail

Air lock

Installation of critical barrier/full containment area

Single bulkhead containment area

Double bulkhead containment area

Mini-containment area

Ventilation of containment area and containment unit, using HEPA filters

Double bagging, leak tight wrapping, paperboard boxes

Glove bag

Area warning markers-signs and boundary warning tape

Respiratory protection table

Protective clothing

Disposal container label

Decontamination unit signage

Full containment area---preparation for final clearance

Certification of final cleaning and visual inspection

Load-out unit floor plan

Modified containment area

Decontamination unit floor plan

Decontamination unit piping details

Temporary equipment enclosure -

Access tunnel

Asbestos power vacuum collection/removal system

Furniture cleaning and storage

Structural critical barrier - -

- 10-

Detail Number

2, 3, 4

SA, 98, 9C

1 1 A, 1 1 8

16, 17, 18

Table 3. Response Action Details

RESPONSE ACTION DETAIL OPTION

ACM Encasement Enclosure Encapsulation bridging penetration combination

Interior Archkectural

Troweled wall plaster 29

Troweled ceiling plaster

Acoustical wall plaster 37 38 39 40

Acoustical ceiling plaster 69 43 34 39 40

Miscellaneous materials

Decorative paint

Lightweight stage curtain

Cement wall panels 49

Fiberboard & drywall panels 49

Masonry wall

Cement ceiling tile

Cement products

Acoustical wall tile

Acoustical ceiling tile

Vinyl floor tile on concrete

Vinyl floor tile on wood

Sheet flooring (wood/cement!

Carpeting

Fireproofing & thermal insulation 66, 67 43

Ceiling insulation 69

Contaminated soil 71 72

Masonry chimney

Repair

30, 31

Removal

.. "' ~ t

32, 33

36, 36

64, 66

57, 68, 69

61, 62

63, 64

61, 68 m -u

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T ~ble 3. Response Action Details-Continued

RESPONSE ACTION DETAIL OPTION

~~ ----~~--·-·r---·

ACM Encasement Enclosure Encapsulation bridging penetration combination

Exterior Architectural

Built-up roofing & flashing

Roof, shingles, & underlay

Stucco 76, 77

Cement roofing and siding

Walkw~y roof/cover

Metal siding

Cement louvers

Mechnical & Electrical

N Horizontal pipe insulation

Vertical pipe insulation

Tank & boiler breaching 90 91

Pipe fittings

Electrical wiring/fixture

Boiler firebox insulation

Boiler & piping gaskets 98

Duct insulation

Cement piping

Cement ductwork

Flex connector ,.

Repair

78, 80

Removal

81' 82

87, 88, 89

87, 88, 89

96, 96

~m

(11""U c~ r _.

c.oO N.!_.

I _.

Table 4. Response Action Detail Sheets By Abatement Method

Removal of troweled wall plaster on masonry

Removal of troweled wall plaster on stud wall

Removal of troweled ceiling plaster on structural substrate

Removal of troweled ceiling plaster on hung ceiling

EP 1110-1-11

15 JUL 92

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32 !t

: 36 :;

~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------1

Removal of acoustical wall plaster on masonry 1 42 ,j

Removal of acoustical ceiling plaster (nonasbestos substrate) 44

Removal of miscellaneous asbestos-containing materials I 45

Removal of asbestos decorative paint on plaster. 46

Removal of light curtain I

Removal of interior asbestos cement, fiberboard, and drywall panels 48

Removal of asbestos-contaminated masonry for masonry chimney 50

Removal of asbestos-contaminated masonry wall or thermal insulation 51 'i

Removal of suspended asbestos cement ceiling tile 52 il l-------------------------------------+--------,1

Removal of asbestos cement architectural products

Removal of suspended acoustical ceiling tile

Removal of glued-on acoustical ceiling and wall tile

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos-free adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile and chemical dissolution of asbestos-containing adhesives on concrete floor system

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to wood floor system by asbestos-containing adhesive

Removal of vinyl asbestos tile adhered to wood floor system by asbestos-free adhesive

Removal of sheet flooring adhered to wood floor system

Removal of asbestos-containing sheet flooring adhered to concrete floor system by asbestos containing adhesive

Removal of carpeting lasbestos-containing or contaminated)

•· 54 r---------------------------------------------------------------------------·~-------------

Removal of fireproofing or thermal surface insulation 68

Removal of acoustical ceiling insulation 70

Removal of asbestos-contaminated soil 73

Removal of built-up roofing and flashing 74

- 13-

Table 4. Response Action Detail Sheets By Abatement Method-Continued

Am-toe Abm..,.,.. Method: Remo~inued l Removal of roof. shingles, and underlay lj ,i Removal of exterior asbestos stucco

'I

~ Removal of asbestos cement siding t Removal of asbestos cement roofing

!t Removal of asbestos-containing walkway cover

!! Removal of asbestos-contaminated metal siding

:1 Removal of asbestos cement sunscreen louvers

!I Removal of horizontal pipe insulation (using…