8560-0006_HillAFB_OU_9_GCA_Bioreactor_OM_Manual_Final_6SEP19.pdf

Hill Air Force Base, Utah

Final

Operable Unit 9 – Site SS090

(Golf Course Area) Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance Manual

SEPTEMBER 2019

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

06-09-2019

2. REPORT TYPE

Final

3. DATES COVERED (From - To) Not applicable

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Operable Unit 9 – Site SS090 (Golf Course Area) Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance Manual Hill Air Force Base, Utah

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

FA8903-09-D-8560-0006

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 6236906 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER None

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

EA Engineering, Science and Technology, Inc., PBC 2363 N. Hill Field Drive, Suite 104 Layton, Utah 84041

REPORT NUMBER

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Air Force Civil Engineer Center 2261 Hughes Avenue, Suite 155 JBSA Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236-9853

AFCEC

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT

NUMBER(S)

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT

This document describes the system components and the operation, maintenance, and monitoring for the bioreactor used to remediate the source area at Operable Unit 9 Site SS090 (Golf Course Area).

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Operation and maintenance, bioreactor, trichloroethene

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION

OF ABSTRACT

18. NUMBER

OF PAGES

19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE

PERSON

Sandra Staigerwald

a. REPORT

UNCLASSIFIED

b. ABSTRACT

UNCLASSIFIED

c. THIS PAGE

UNCLASSIFIED

SAR 220 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)

(385) 393-4982

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

F I N A L

Hill Air Force Base

Operable Unit 9 – Site SS090 (Golf Course Area)

Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance Manual

Contract No: FA8903-09-D-8560 Task Order 0006

Prepared for:

Air Force Civil Engineer Center 2261 Hughes Avenue, Suite 155

JBSA Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236-9853

Prepared by:

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC

2363 N. Hill Field Road, Suite 104 Layton, Utah 84041

SEPTEMBER 2019

OPERABLE UNIT 9 – SITE SS090 (GOLF COURSE AREA) BIOREACTOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FINAL

HILL AIR FORCE BASE, UTAH SEPTEMBER 2019

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Contents

Page

Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... iii Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... iii Appendices ................................................................................................................................................... iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... v

1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Objective of Operation and Maintenance Program .......................................................... 1-1

1.2 Remedial Action Objectives ............................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 General Description of Facilities ..................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Operation and Maintenance Responsibilities ................................................................... 1-2

1.4.1 Hill Air Force Base ............................................................................................. 1-2

1.4.2 Operation and Maintenance Contractor .............................................................. 1-2

1.4.3 Regulatory Agencies ........................................................................................... 1-3

1.5 Summary of Operation and Maintenance Work .............................................................. 1-3

1.6 Manual Use and Organization ......................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.1 Manual Use ......................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.2 Manual Organization .......................................................................................... 1-3

2.0 Remedial Action System Description ........................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Permits ............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 System Description .......................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Bioreactor ........................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.2 Water Infiltration System .................................................................................... 2-2

2.2.3 Piezometer U9-105 ............................................................................................. 2-2

2.2.4 Monitoring Well ................................................................................................. 2-2

2.3 Inspection and Monitoring Overview .............................................................................. 2-3

2.4 System Performance ........................................................................................................ 2-3

2.5 Reporting Requirements .................................................................................................. 2-3

2.5.1 U.S. Air Force Reporting Requirements ............................................................. 2-3

2.5.2 Regulatory and Permit Reporting Requirements ................................................ 2-3

3.0 General Requirements and Site Management ............................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Site-Specific Logistics and Communications .................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Site Security ..................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 Site Access/Notifications ................................................................................................. 3-1

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Page

3.3.1 Contractor General Requirements....................................................................... 3-1

3.3.2 Training and Certificates .................................................................................... 3-2

3.3.3 Conduct ............................................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 Utility Systems ................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.5 Modifications to the System ............................................................................................ 3-2

3.6 Health and Safety ............................................................................................................. 3-2

3.7 Spill Contingency Plan and Countermeasures ................................................................. 3-2

3.8 Waste Management .......................................................................................................... 3-3

3.8.1 Process Wastes .................................................................................................... 3-3

3.8.2 Sampling Wastes................................................................................................. 3-3

3.8.3 Other Wastes ....................................................................................................... 3-4

4.0 Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring ..................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 System Startup ................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Routine Operation and Monitoring .................................................................................. 4-1

4.2.1 Extraction Well and Potable Water Flows and Volume Measurements ............. 4-1

4.2.2 Groundwater Elevations ..................................................................................... 4-1

4.2.3 Groundwater Sampling ....................................................................................... 4-1

4.3 System Maintenance and Inspection ................................................................................ 4-2

4.4 Notifications ..................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.4.1 System Alarms .................................................................................................... 4-2

4.4.2 System Downtime ............................................................................................... 4-2

4.4.3 Security Breach ................................................................................................... 4-2

4.5 Deliverables ..................................................................................................................... 4-2

5.0 Performance Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Metrics ............................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.1.1 Operational Metrics ............................................................................................ 5-1

5.1.2 Performance Metrics ........................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 System Optimization ........................................................................................................ 5-1

6.0 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................ 6-1

7.0 References ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1

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Tables

2-1 Components of the Bioreactor 4-1 Bioreactor Startup Item Inspection List 4-2 Bioreactor Startup and Shutdown Procedures 4-3 Design Values for Bioreactor Operating Parameters 4-4 System Maintenance and Inspection Schedule 6-1 Bioreactor Troubleshooting Guide

Figures

1-1 Site Map 2-1 Bioreactor Plan View 2-2 Process and Instrumentation Diagram for Bioreactor

Appendices

A Bioreactor Cutsheets/System Components B Bioreactor Field Form

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Acronyms and Abbreviations µg/L Microgram(s) per liter

AFB Air Force Base AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center bgs Below ground surface BQAPP Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan

CFR Code of Federal Regulations CZOM Environmental Operations Midwest Region Branch

EA EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

FM Flow meter ft Feet(foot)

GFCI Ground-fault circuit interrupter gpm Gallon(s) per minute

HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

JBSA Joint Base San Antonio

LB Pound mg/L Milligram(s) per liter MIN Minimum

NTS Not to scale

O&M Operation and maintenance OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OU Operable Unit OZ Ounce

PCE Tetrachloroethene PEX Cross-linked polyethylene psi Pound(s) per square inch PSIG Pounds per square inch (gauge) PVC Polyvinyl chloride

RA-O Remedial action-operation RAO Remedial action objective Rd Road ROD Record of Decision

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SAR Same as report SCH Schedule SOP Standard operating procedure

TCE Trichloroethene TOC Total organic carbon TYP Typical

USAF U.S. Air Force USB Universal Serial Bus

YD Yard

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1.0 Introduction

This Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual addresses O&M of the bioreactor installed at Operable Unit (OU) 9 Site SS090 (Golf Course Area), located at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah (Figure 1-1). The bioreactor consists of a groundwater recirculation system that collects groundwater from the source area and discharges it over the bioreactor for treatment and to aid in the distribution of carbon to the deeper contaminated soil in the vadose zone and groundwater beneath the source area soil.

Site SS090 (Golf Course Area) is located along the eastern Base boundary, on the east side of Hubbard Golf Course (Figure 1-1). This site consists of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) contamination in the unsaturated and saturated zones. The sampling data indicate that contaminated soil near the former maintenance building represents the only ongoing source to groundwater

(CH2M HILL 2010).

The OU 9 Record of Decision (ROD) was signed in September 2015. Since 2015, operation and remediation efforts at OU 9 Site SS090 (Golf Course Area) have been in accordance with the ROD (Hill AFB 2015). The remedy for this site includes limited excavation (completed), enhanced bioremediation of PCE and TCE in the saturated and unsaturated zones (including operation of the bioreactor), monitored natural attenuation, and continued implementation of institutional controls to prevent exposure. The bioreactor was selected as part of the remedy to achieve the remedial action objectives (RAOs) established for the site.

1.1 Objective of Operation and Maintenance Program

The primary objective of the O&M program is to operate and maintain the system in a cost-effective manner to ensure contaminated soils and groundwater are contained and do not cause risks to human health or the environment. The purpose of this O&M manual is to present necessary information that can be used by O&M contractors to operate and maintain the bioreactor at OU 9 Site SS090 (Golf Course Area) in a cost-effective manner to remediate soil and groundwater.

1.2 Remedial Action Objectives

The following RAOs specifically pertain to the bioreactor remediation of groundwater:

• Remediate contamination in groundwater to concentrations below maximum contaminant levels within a reasonable timeframe.

• Prevent further degradation of groundwater.

• Prevent further vertical migration of contaminants of concern from the unsaturated zone soil in the source area to the saturated zone at Site SS090 (Golf Course Area).

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1.3 General Description of Facilities

The bioreactor has been active since July 2015 and consists of an excavation with two areas of different depths. The shallow area excavation is 16 feet (ft) by 29 ft and 20 ft deep. The deeper area is 12 ft by 9 ft and 30 ft deep. The excavation was filled with a 40/60 mixture of gravel and mulch (by volume) and sprayed with vegetable oil with recirculation piping. Additionally, carbon substrate (LactOil®) was added to the bottom of the excavation. Pyrite (iron sulfide) also was added and mixed in during the 20 to 30 ft excavation. An extraction well (U9-7-027) was installed with conveyance piping to carry extracted groundwater to the bioreactor recirculation system where it infiltrates through the mulch, gravel, reduced iron, and carbon substrate mixture down to the water table. The design of the bioreactor increases total organic carbon (TOC) in the percolating groundwater and creates an enhanced reductive dichlorination treatment zone through which groundwater leaving the source area flows. The bioreactor was installed within the source area to treat PCE and TCE contamination in the deeper vadose zone soil and groundwater.

1.4 Operation and Maintenance Responsibilities

1.4.1 Hill Air Force Base

Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) Environmental Operations Midwest Region Branch (CZOM) is responsible for the overall cleanup effort at OU 9 including assessing the data collected at OU 9, determining when the RAOs have been achieved, and determining when the bioreactor can be decommissioned. Additionally, AFCEC/CZOM is responsible for regularly assessing bioreactor operation to determine whether changes in the overall operation of the bioreactor are warranted in order to increase the efficiency of the cleanup effort.

AFCEC/CZOM is also responsible for the proper O&M of the bioreactor and delegates O&M tasks to an O&M contractor. Specific contractor O&M responsibilities are discussed in the following sections.

1.4.2 Operation and Maintenance Contractor

The O&M contractor shall ensure that the bioreactor is operated in accordance with the procedures outlined in this O&M Manual, the Remedial Design/Remedial Action Work Plan (EA 2015), and in accordance with AFCEC/CZOM guidance. Specifically, the contractor shall establish target limits or ranges for the following parameters that have been determined to affect system performance and evaluate system data against those targets:

• Water level within the bioreactor

• PCE and TCE concentrations (and/or concentration reductions) in identified performance monitoring well

• TOC concentrations in identified performance monitoring well.

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1.4.3 Regulatory Agencies

The regulatory agencies provide oversight to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) with regard to the overall restoration of contaminated media to ensure protection of human health and the environment. This oversight involves the following:

• Enforcing all legal requirements and the terms of the Hill AFB Federal Facilities Agreement

• Ensuring that the available O&M manual is in place and used at the bioreactor

• Concurrence with the USAF determination that RAOs have been met at the conclusion of the remedial action.

1.5 Summary of Operation and Maintenance Work

The contractor shall conduct the following general tasks during O&M of the bioreactor:

• System O&M tasks (Section 4)

• System performance monitoring (Section 5)

• System troubleshooting (Section 6).

This O&M Manual contains specific tasks, instructions, and procedures for each of the general tasks.

1.6 Manual Use and Organization

1.6.1 Manual Use

This manual serves as a road map to allow quick reference to necessary O&M information. Appendix A of this O&M Manual contains product specification sheets for individual bioreactor components.

1.6.2 Manual Organization

The following list provides a brief summary of the organization and content of this O&M Manual:

• Section 1.0 – Introduction—Provides an introduction to the O&M Manual.

• Section 2.0 – System Description—Presents a description of the bioreactor.

• Section 3.0 – General Requirements—Discusses general system operational requirements.

• Section 4.0 – Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring—Discusses monitoring, system operation tasks and procedures, and maintenance requirements and tasks.

• Section 5.0 – Performance Monitoring—Describes operational monitoring and performance metrics.

• Section 6.0 – Troubleshooting—Presents system troubleshooting procedures.

• Section 7.0 – References—Provides the references used in this O&M Manual.

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• Appendix A – Bioreactor Cutsheets/System Components—Contains bioreactor cutsheets and system component information sheets.

• Appendix B – Bioreactor Field Form—Contains the field form used for monitoring the bioreactor.

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A@A

@A@A

@A

@A

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@A@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

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@A

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@A @A @A

Former Maintenance Building

Former Auxiliary Shed

Hill AFB Boundary

Groundwate r

Flo w Direc tion

Groundwater

Flow Direction

Gr ou nd wa ter Flo w Di rec tio n

See Detail

Bioreactor

Wh eer y R d

Foulois Rd.

Rough St

U8-003

U9-071

U9-070

U9-068

U9-054 U9-053

U9-052

U9-050

U9-049

U9-048

U9-047

U9-028

U9-067A,B

U9-066A,B U9-055A,B

U11-015

U11-013

U9-7-011

U9-7-010

U9-7-005

U9-7-004

U9-7-003

U9-7-002

U9-7-001

U9-105

U9-7-027 U9-7-028

U9-7-007

Septic Tank

MAP INDEX

SLC \\brooksid e file s\GIS_SHARE\ENBG\00_ P roj\A\AirForce\Hill\HillAFB_2012\Ma pFile s\OU9\OM_GCA\Fig 01-01_GIS_OU9_OMg ca _SS090site.m xd AEEC mcotte rb 5/15/2019 09:1210

1 inch e qua ls 250 fe e t

FIGURE 1-1

SITE MAP

OP ERABLE UN IT 9 – SITE SS090 (GOLF COURSE AREA) BIOREACTOR OP ERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

HILL AIR FORCE BASE, UTAH

0 125 250 Fe e t

Source(s):

(1) P CE a nd TCE contours base d on m ost re ce nt conce ntra tion m e a sure d in g round wate r m onitoring we lls as of Se pte m be r 2017. Contours d a she d whe re infe rre d .

Ae ria l im a g e ry provid e d by Hill AFB, 2017.

Acronym(s) and Abbreviation(s):

µg /L = Microg ra m (s) pe r lite r AFB = Air Force Ba se P CE = Tetra chloroe the ne TCE = Trichloroe the ne Note(s):

Ge og ra phic d a ta for the stud y a re a we re proje cte d using coord ina te syste m World Ge od e tic Syste m 1984 Unive rsa l Tra nsve rse Me rcator Zone 12N.

Og d e n

La yton

Roy

Syra cuse

Clinton

Cle a rfie ld

Rive rd a le

South Webe r

Uinta h

South Og d e n

Sunset

Washing ton Te rrace

HILL

AIR FORCE

BASE

MAP

EXTENT

0 2 4 Miles

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

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@ABioreactor U9-105

U9-072

U9-074A,B

U9-073A

U9-7-027

U9-7-009

U9-7-008

U9-7-007

U9-7-006

U9-7-028

U9-7-026

U9-7-017

U9-7-019

U9-7-025 U9-7-024

U9-7-023 U9-7-022

U9-7-021 U9-7-020

U9-7-014 U9-7-015

U9-7-016 U9-7-018

Detail

0 60 120 Fe e t

LEGEND

@A Monitoring We ll

# Injection We ll Hill AFB Bound a ry Se ptic Ta nk

PCE Concentration in Groundwater (1)

5 - 10 µg /L 10 - 100 µg /L

TCE Concentration in Groundwater (1)

5 - 10 µg /L 10 - 100 µg /L

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2.0 Remedial Action System Description

This section discusses the design, operation, and reporting requirements of the bioreactor.

2.1 Permits

Based on the design and operation of the system, no permits are needed for operation of the bioreactor.

2.2 System Description

The primary objective of the bioreactor is to remediate soil in the source zone, mitigating migration of PCE and TCE to groundwater. Groundwater is extracted from the source area extraction well (U9-7-027) and recirculated over the bioreactor for treatment and to aid in the distribution of carbon to the deeper contaminated soil in the vadose zone. Groundwater can be supplemented with potable water from Building 710 if groundwater flow from the extraction well is insufficient. This results in enhanced bioremediation of the residual contaminants in soil and groundwater in the source area. Piezometer U9-105 is constructed within the bioreactor and houses a transducer to measure the groundwater elevation within the bioreactor. Monitoring Well U9-7-028 was installed through the bioreactor and is screened in the saturated zone below the bioreactor.

The bioreactor is divided into four categories to simplify system description and execution of O&M tasks:

• Bioreactor

• Water infiltration system

• Piezometer U9-105

• Monitoring well U9-7-028.

The bioreactor location is shown on Figure 2-1. The bioreactor design is shown on Figure 2-2.

A detailed description of the bioreactor is provided in the following subsection.

2.2.1 Bioreactor

Limited excavation was performed to remove contaminant mass from the source area and allow emplacement of the bioreactor. The bioreactor consists of a mixture of mulch and gravel (approximately 60-percent mulch and 40-percent gravel by volume) that was sprayed with food-grade vegetable oil (approximately 1,760 gallons). Approximately 100 gallons of carbon substrate (LactOil) was also added to the bottom of the bioreactor to supplement the vegetable oil. In addition, pyrite (100 percent passing a 20-mesh screen) was mixed with the mulch and gravel that was placed in the bottom 10 ft of the excavation. Addition of the pyrite is a polishing step to promote abiotic degradation of the PCE and TCE in the recirculated groundwater.

Recirculation piping was installed at the top of the bioreactor, approximately 42 inches below ground surface (bgs). The recirculation piping consisted of 0.5-inch polyvinyl chloride (PVC) piping with 1/8-inch-diameter perforations in the southern half of the bioreactor and 3/16-inch-diameter perforations in the northern half. Two recirculation piping runs were installed: primary and secondary. The piping was perforated every 5 ft. Perforations were sized differently to balance flow across the top of the bioreactor, since more water would tend to flow out of the southern half of the piping, closer to the extraction well, if the perforations were equally sized.

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The recirculation piping and bioreactor were covered with approximately 6 inches of the mulch/gravel blend, followed by a non-woven geotextile (weight of 8 ounces per square yard). The geotextile was topped by approximately 4 ft of clean soil.

2.2.2 Water Infiltration System

The water infiltration system consists of one single extraction well and a source of potable water. The extraction well and associated vault located approximately 8 ft from the southern edge of the bioreactor.

The extraction well consists of 4-inch-diameter schedule 40 PVC installed to a total depth of 66 feet bgs.

The screened interval is 25 feet of 0.020-inch prefabricated slot screen. The submersible pump consists of a Grundfos 5SQE-05-90 pump installed at the bottom of the extraction well. The pump controller (model CU300) and breaker panel were mounted on the north side of Building 710. Power and signal cables are run through 2-inch-diameter conduit between the pump controller and the extraction well.

Additionally, a 1-inch-diameter sloped drain line is located between the bottom of the extraction well vault and the bioreactor. Other equipment in the extraction vault consists of the following:

• Dwyer Plast-O-Matic pressure gauge (0 to 30 pounds per square inch - gauge)

• 1-inch injection port

• 0.25-inch sample port

• 80-mesh (0.007-inch) strainer filter

• Ball valves to isolate the extraction well and primary/secondary recirculation piping

• Personal digital assistant (e.g., iPod) that allows system data to be viewed.

Potable water from Building 710, located to the south of the bioreactor, is used to supplement the extracted groundwater from the bioreactor due to low extraction well flows. The supplemental water system consists of a 0.75-inch-diameter cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) water line running from Building 710 to the bioreactor extraction well. The water line within Building 710 is fitted with a 0.75-inch ball valve and backflow preventer. The potable water runs through a 3M Filtration System located within the extraction well vault to remove chlorine, which could adversely impact the bioreactor performance. The potable water line is connected to the flowmeter to measure total flow through the system and is connected to the re-infiltration system piping.

2.2.3 Piezometer U9-105

Piezometer U9-105 was constructed within the bioreactor. No filter pack was placed around the piezometer. A Mercoid SBLT2 transducer was placed at the bottom of the piezometer to measure the groundwater elevation within the bioreactor. Wiring was run through a 1-inch conduit between the piezometer and the pump controller located on the north side of Building 710 (Figure 2-2).

2.2.4 Monitoring Well

Monitoring Well U9-7-028 was installed through the bioreactor and screened in the saturated zone below the bioreactor. A groundwater sample is collected from the monitoring well semi-annually to monitor the progress of PCE and TCE concentration reduction through enhanced bioremediation in the bioreactor.

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2.3 Inspection and Monitoring Overview

Systematic inspection and monitoring are required to ensure that system components are functioning properly. Inspection involves examining individual system components for flaws. Monitoring consists of periodically checking the system and collecting specified data. Inspection and monitoring routines are addressed in Section 4.

2.4 System Performance

System performance standards are developed to ensure that system operation is meeting design objectives. System performance is evaluated annually by means of the OU 9 Remedial Action- Operations (RA-O) Report, which establishes performance objectives for the selected remedy, defines how performance will be measured (performance metrics), provides expected ranges for each performance metric, and specifies the actions to take if measured values are outside of the expected range.

System performance evaluation is the responsibility of the contractor and will be documented in annual Performance Monitoring Reports. System performance metrics are discussed in Section 5.0.

2.5 Reporting Requirements

2.5.1 U.S. Air Force Reporting Requirements

AFCEC/CZOM must ensure the bioreactor is properly monitored, operated, and maintained, and that performance is meeting system standards. AFCEC/CZOM must be notified of:

• Personnel with site access

• Releases of contaminated groundwater per the Integrated Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Prevention and Emergency Response for Hill AFB (CH2M HILL 2016)

• Major problems encountered (e.g., vandalism, fire, etc.).

2.5.2 Regulatory and Permit Reporting Requirements

AFCEC/CZOM will report the following information to the regulatory agencies:

• PCE, TCE, PCE and TCE degradation products, and TOC concentrations in performance wells (annually)

• Progress of the remedial action (annually)

• Reportable spills as specified in the Integrated Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Prevention and

Emergency Response for Hill AFB, Utah (CH2M HILL 2016).

The regulatory agencies include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), EPA Region 8, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality. Reporting documentation is discussed in Section 4.5.

TABLE 2-1

Components of the Bioreactor Operable Unit 9 –Site SS050 (Golf Course Area) Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance Manual, Hill Air Force Base, Utah

Component Purpose Comments Bioreactor Recirculation piping Conveys extracted groundwater over the bioreactor 0.5-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC perforated every 5 ft Southern half perforations are 0.125 inch and northern half are 0.1875 inch

Bioreactor Treats extracted groundwater Mixture of gravel, mulch, vegetable oil, and pyrite Non-woven geotextile

Extraction System Concrete vault Houses system components 4-ft by 4-ft by 4-ft precast concrete vault with double swing aluminum cover Extraction well and pump Extracts groundwater from the aquifer 4-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC.

Grundfos 5SQE05-180 submersible pump set at 60.75 ft bgs Flexible drop pipe Brings groundwater from the pump to the bioreactor 0.5-inch-diameter flexible PVC

Control panel Houses for pump and level controls, power, switches, and meters

Fiberglass non-metallic enclosure PD6000-6R2 level controller CU300 Grundfos pump controller 120-volt and 5-volt USB electrical outlet

Electrical conduit Supplies system components with sufficient current

Electrical cables encased in 1-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC conduit

Groundwater carrier piping Conveys groundwater from the extraction well to bioreactor

0.75-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC inside concrete vault 0.5-inch-diameter flexible PVC from concrete vault to bioreactor

Potable water carrier piping Conveys potable water from supply line inside Building 710 to the bioreactor

0.75-inch-diameter PEX direct buried from Building 710 to concrete vault 0.75-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC inside concrete vault 0.5-inch-diameter flexible PVC from concrete vault to bioreactor

Potable water filter Removes of chlorine from potable water AquaPure AP904 filtration system Flow totalizer Provides total flow information from extraction well and potable water Kamstrup FlowIQ 2100 ultrasonic water meter for extraction well flow Kamstrup FlowIQ 2100 ultrasonic water meter for potable water flow

Pressure regulator and back flow preventer

Regulates the pressure and prevent back flow of water to main potable water line

0.75-inch Zurn 375XL pressure reducer and backflow preventer

Pressure gauges Measures operational pressure in conveyance lines

0.75-inch watts 0 to 200 psi pressure gauge upgradient of solenoid valve 0.75-inch watts 0 to 30 psi pressure gauge connected to extraction well

Solenoid valve Regulates flow of potable water to the bioreactor

0.75-inch U.S. solid solenoid valve

Tee with sampling valve Allows collection of water sample 0.75-inch-diameter PVC Piezometer U9-105 Piezometer well Houses the transducer 4-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC.

Transducer Measures water elevation within bioreactor SBLT2 transducer

Electrical conduit Supplies extraction well pumps with sufficient current

Electrical cable encased in 1-inch-diameter Schedule 40 PVC conduit

TABLE 2-1

Components of the Bioreactor Operable Unit 9 –Site SS050 (Golf Course Area) Bioreactor Operation and Maintenance Manual, Hill Air Force Base, Utah

Component Purpose Comments Monitoring Well Monitoring well Monitors performance of bioreactor Monitoring Well U9-7-028

NOTES:

bgs = Below ground surface.

ft = Feet(foot).

PEX = Cross-linked polyethylene.

psi = Pound(s) per square inch.

PVC = Polyvinyl chloride.

USB = Universal Serial Bus.

@A

@A

H

ILL A

IR

FO

R C

E B A

SE B

O

U N

D A

RY

CURRENT

MAINTENANCE BUILDING

CURRENT P ESTICIDE

STORAGE SHED

W H

ER

RY

R D

BIOREACTOR

CONTROL P ANEL

Former Maintenance Building

Former Auxiliary Shed

U9-100

U9-072

U9-7-007

U9-7-006

U9-105

U9-7-027

U9-7-028

SLC \\brooksid e file s\GIS_SHARE\ENBG\00_ P roj\A\AirForc e \Hill\HillAFB_2012\MapFile s\OU9\OM_GCA\Fig02-01_GIS_OU9_OMgca_Biore ac tor.mxd CH mc otte rb 5/15/2019 09:22:30

FIGURE 2-1

BIOREACTOR PLAN VIEW

OP ERABLE UNIT 9 – SITE SS090 (GOLF COURSE AREA) BIOREACTOR OP ERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

HILL AIR FORCE BASE, UTAH

Shallow P ortion of Biore ac tor (Mulc h and Grave l, 3 - 20 ft) De e p P ortion of Biore ac tor (Mulc h, Grave l, and P yrite , 20 - 30 ft)

Acronym(s) and Abbreviation(s):

ft = Fe e t(foot) Rd = Road Note(s):

Ge ographic data for the stud y are a we re proje c te d using c oord inate syste m World Ge od e tic Syste m 1984 Unive rsal Transve rse Me rc ator Zone 12N.

Extrac tion We ll Vault Ele c tric al Tre nc h

Source(s):

Image ry from Hill Air Forc e Base , 2017.

Wate r Supply Line Transd uc e r Cond uit Re c irc ulation Syste m Supply Line

1 inc h e q uals 20 fe e t

0 20 40 Fe e t

LEGEND

Aband one d Monitoring We llA

Existing Monitoring We ll@A

Extrac tion We ll Monitoring We ll P ie zome te r

@A

Newly Installed Wells

U9-7-027

BIOREACTOR CELL

U9-7-028

0 FT BGS (GROUND SURFACE)

30 FT BGS

40 FT BGS

50 FT BGS

10 FT BGS

20 FT BGS

30 FT BGS

40 FT BGS

50 FT BGS

FLUSH MOUNT WELL VAULT DETAIL

NTS

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PERFORATED

PIPE RECIRCULATION SYSTEM (0.5-INCH PVC)

WITH TRACE WIRE (10 GAUGE INSULATED

COPPER) ABOVE

SEE

2.0-INCH PERFORMANCE

MONITORING WELL

Drawing: SS090_RDRAWP_PID.DWG Date: Apr 18, 2019 - 3:34pm

0.5-INCH FLEXIBLE

TUBING (2)

60 FT BGS

4.0-INCH EXTRACTION WELL

60 FT BGS

20 FT BGS

10 FT BGS

(RECIRCULATED

WATER)

POWER CABLE IN

2.0-INCH PVC CONDUIT

18 INCHES BELOW

GROUND SURFACE

I N

C H

E S

NATIVE SOIL BACKFILL (CLEAN)

GRAVEL / MULCH / ORGANIC

SUBSTRATE WITH 50 LBS

PYRITE / CUBIC YD

GRUNDFOS 5SQE05-180

SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

NTS

OZ

PSIG

PVC

SCH

TYP

YD

.= NOT TO SCALE.

= OUNCE.

= POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH (GAUGE).

= POLYVINYL CHLORIDE.

= SCHEDULE.

= TYPICAL.

= YARD.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

NORTHSOUTH

4 FT x 4 FT x 4 FT LOCKABLE, WATER-TIGHT

PRECAST CONCRETE VAULT WITH A

DOUBLE SWING ALUMINUM COVER, RATED

FOR MEDIUM-DUTY NON-DELIBERATE

TRAFFIC, ON A BASE OF 0.75-INCH GRAVEL

OR SAND TO PREVENT FROST HEAVE

NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE

(8 OZ/SQUARE YD)

U9-105

GRAVEL/MULCH/ORGANIC

SUBSTRATE

4.0-INCH PIEZOMETER

CONDUIT FOR TRANSDUCER CABLE

(1.0-INCH SCH 40 PVC)

AUGUSTYN-TYPE

FLUSH-MOUNT

COMPLETION

1.0-INCH SCH 40 PVC

DRAIN PIPE

BUILDING

STANDARD 8.0-INCH

BOLT FLUSH MOUNT

GROUNDWATER (TYP)

SBLT2 PRESSURE

TRANSDUCER (0-15 PSIG)

PRESSURE GAUGE

0-60 PSI

0.75-INCH BALL VALVE

CONCRETE FLOOR

EXISTING 0.75-INCH WATER

LINE (COPPER)

12-GAUGE TRACE WIRE

M I N

FIGURE 2-2

OPERATIONAL UNIT 9 - SITE SS090 (GOLF COURSE AREA) BIOREACTOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

HILL AIR FORCE BASE, UTAH

PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM FOR BIOREACTOR

FM

S

12-GAUGE

TRACE WIRE

0.75-INCH

WATERLINE

FROM BLDG 710

BURIED 36" W/

TRACE WIRE

AND WARNING TAPE

TO

BIOREACTOR

0.75-INCH BALL VALVE

FLOW METER

FLOW IQ 2100

EXISTING VAULT

PRESSURE

GAUGE

0-30 PSI

CONTROL BOX

PD6000-6R2

SYSTEM

CONTROLLER

AND CU300 PUMP

CONTROLLER

FOR U9-7-027 AND

ON/OFF SWITCH

PRESSURE

GAUGE

0-200 PSI

EXTRACTION

WELL

(U9-7-027)

0.75-INCH

WASHOUT

BALL VALVE

COUPLER

COUPLER

FM

TO

BIOREACTOR

SOLENOID

VALVE

FLOW METER

FLOW IQ 2100

0.75-INCH

SHUT OFF

BALL VALVE

0.75-INCH

SAMPLE

BALL VALVE

0.5-INCH

FLEX

TUBING

PRESSURE REGULATOR/

BACK FLOW PREVENTION

375 XL RP

SHUT OFF BALL VALVE

FILTER, 20 GPM

M #AP904

BGS

FM

FT

GFCI

GPM

LB

MIN

= BELOW GROUND SURFACE.

= FLOW METER

= FEET (FOOT).

= GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER.

= GALLONS PER MINUTE.

= POUND.

= MINIMUM.

0.75-INCH COPPER LINE

0.75-INCH WATERLINE DIRECT

BURY (PEX)

0.75-INCH SCH 40

PVC

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 3-1

3.0 General Requirements and Site Management

3.1 Site-Specific Logistics and Communications

The OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager will be notified in advance of construction activity. Site work also will be coordinated with the Base Civil Engineer, unions associated with nearby buildings, and building tenants in the area of the system. If the contractor is contacted by the public or on-Base personnel (beyond AFCEC/CZOM and AFCEC/CZOM-led communications), the contractor will notify the OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager.

3.2 Site Security

Site security measures conducted by the contractor for the bioreactor include:

• Close the vault lid and securely fasten in place except when working in the immediate vicinity of the vault. The vault lid may be opened and closed using a 3/8-inch square T-bar or large flat-head screwdriver.

• Cover and securely fasten piezometer and monitoring well when not in use.

• Deter theft and vandalism by securing materials and equipment when not in use.

3.3 Site Access/Notifications

As described in Appendix I of the Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan (BQAPP) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 1: Site Access, Clearance, and Permit Requirements (Hill AFB 2014), all contractor employees performing work at Hill AFB will obtain the required badges or passes authorizing their presence on the Base.

Since the bioreactor is located within the boundaries of Hill AFB, the contractor will be able to access the site 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. However, under normal conditions, the contractor will avoid work at the site between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

The contractor will work with the OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager if there are physical restrictions preventing access to the site.

3.3.1 Contractor General Requirements

All personnel working at the bioreactor shall be familiar with the bioreactor system and this O&M Manual. Personnel involved in activities requiring heavy lifting (greater than 70 pounds) must be physically capable and familiar with proper lifting techniques (i.e., legs bent and back straight).

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 3-2

3.3.2 Training and Certificates

All personnel working at the bioreactor shall be properly trained. This training includes, but is not limited to:

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 40-hour Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) (29 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 1910.120)

• Current OSHA 8-hour HAZWOPER Refresher Course (29 CFR 1910.120).

3.3.3 Conduct

All contractor employees shall present a neat, professional appearance when conducting work at the bioreactor. Under no circumstances shall the contractor or employees volunteer information about system operation or initiate conversation with non-project related USAF personnel or other contractors that may work near the site. If anyone voices questions or concerns, the contractor shall politely listen, indicate the name, title, and phone number of the appropriate AFCEC/CZOM point of contact, and immediately report the incident and details to the OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager.

3.4 Utility Systems

The bioreactor is operated via power from Building 710 and has active utilities. Trash collection and gas utilities are not available at the bioreactor. The contractor shall remove from the site trash generated during site activities in a timely manner.

3.5 Modifications to the System

AFCEC must authorize all modifications to the bioreactor in advance.

3.6 Health and Safety

The contractor shall be responsible for performing O&M tasks in a safe and professional manner. The site is adjacent to a golf course; the contractor should be aware of errant golf balls as a site-specific hazard. The contractor shall develop a site-specific Health and Safety Plan for operation of the bioreactor.

3.7 Spill Contingency Plan and Countermeasures

Should petroleum or any other environmentally-damaging liquid spill on-site, the spill will be reported to the OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager. The contractor’s project supervisor and/or construction manager will work to assess and control the incident. Spill response will be conducted in accordance with the Integrated Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Prevention and Emergency Response for Hill AFB (CH2M HILL 2016). The following measures will be taken (based on applicability to specific spill situations) to properly contain and control damage during a spill event:

• Remove employees/workers from the spill area. Deny any unnecessary and unauthorized entry.

• Stop the source of the discharge.

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 3-3

• Isolate the spill material with caution tape.

• Note the probable route the spilled material is taking, whether or not the material is moving laterally and/or vertically.

• If a considerable amount of material has been spilled, a berm will be constructed.

• If possible, spilled material will be removed with pumps and/or absorbent materials.

• Keep workers upwind (if possible) while addressing the spill.

• Keep combustible materials and liquids away from the spill area.

• Following any spill, prepare and submit a report to the OU 9 AFCEC/CZOM Site Manager documenting the spill event.

3.8 Waste Management

The O&M contractor will follow all applicable regulations when handling and disposing solid and hazardous wastes generated as a result of activities at the bioreactor.

Although USAF can exercise the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act exemption from administrative requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, effort shall be made to dispose hazardous wastes from specific activities (e.g., drilling, spill cleanup, or oil-water separator cleanout) from the site within 90 days from the start date of accumulation.

Accumulated wastes from long-term management and RA-O activities shall be removed from the site for disposal within 1 month of the time the container is full or within 1 year from the accumulation start date, whichever is earlier. For wastes requiring pick-up from the Hill AFB Hazardous Waste Central Facility, the O&M contractor shall notify the Hazardous Waste Central Facility after a waste container is full.

3.8.1 Process Wastes

The O&M contractor shall not institute new processes or make modifications to existing processes that would result in generation of hazardous wastes without receiving prior approval from AFCEC. Normal O&M of the bioreactor should not result in excess water. However, in the event that excess water is generated during O&M (e.g., water removed from the bioreactor), it shall be collected and transported to the Base Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment.

3.8.2 Sampling Wastes

The BQAPP (Hill AFB 2014) specifies sampling and sampling waste procedures. Purge water generated during sampling and water used to decontaminate sampling equipment does not require characterization and shall be transported to the Base Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment. All personal protective equipment used shall be properly disposed at the local landfill via Hill AFB refuse dumpsters.

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 3-4

3.8.3 Other Wastes

Other wastes may include contaminated soil resulting from spills of extracted groundwater to the ground surface. Contaminated soil resulting from spills shall be responded to, handled, and disposed by the O&M contractor in accordance with the Integrated Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Prevention and Emergency Response for Hill AFB (CH2M HILL 2016) and other applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Additionally, the O&M contractor must call 911 (from a landline if possible) to report a spill of 5 gallons or more of a Hazardous Substance or any amount of an Extremely Hazardous Substance (per the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act). When in doubt, call 911 and emergency services will route to the appropriate response team.

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 4-1

4.0 Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring

4.1 System Startup

The bioreactor system operates through a combination of extracted groundwater from the downgradient extraction well and supplementary potable water from Building 710, which runs through recirculation piping over the bioreactor for treatment and to aid in the distribution of carbon to the deeper contaminated soil in the vadose zone. Operation of the system is started through the controller enclosure located on the north side of Building 710. Startup inspection items are presented in Table 4-1. The startup and shutdown procedures are presented in Table 4-2.

4.2 Routine Operation and Monitoring

Routine monitoring requirements are presented in Table 4-3. The purpose of the routine operation and monitoring program is to ensure that the system is operating effectively to meet the RAOs for OU 9, as stated in Section 2. Monthly site visits are required to collect routine monitoring data. The contractor will also perform system operational checks at a frequency necessary to maintain system operation.

4.2.1 Extraction Well and Potable Water Flows and Volume Measurements

Measurements for Extraction Well U9-7-027 and Building 710 potable water will be collected from the respective totalizing flowmeters for each location. Totalizer values for each location will be tracked/recorded once per month.

Pump operating hours and pump starts will be monitored for the extraction well to track submersible pump usage and assess the potential need for pump replacement. Estimated pump life is included in the system information in Appendix A.

System pressure will be monitored to assess pump performance, water flow, and potential pipe fouling.

4.2.2 Groundwater Elevations

Groundwater elevations will be measured monthly at Monitoring Well U9-7-028 and Piezometer U9-105.

Groundwater elevations will be collected as described in Appendix I of the BQAPP SOP 24:

Groundwater Elevation Measurements (Hill AFB 2014).

4.2.3 Groundwater Sampling

Groundwater samples are collected semi-annually from Performance Monitoring Well U9-7-028 and submitted for the following laboratory analyses, per sampling and analysis plan presented as part of the annual RA-O report:

• Volatile organic compounds (EPA Method SW8260B)

• Dissolved gases (methane, ethane, and ethene) (EPA Method RSK-175)

• Dissolved metals (arsenic and manganese) (EPA Method SW6020A)

• TOC (EPA Method 9060A)

\\Eafp\departments\Federal\6236900 AFCEE WERC09\6236906 Hill AFB PBR 4-2

• Sulfide (EPA Method 376.2 or equivalent)

• Nitrate and sulfate (EPA Method 300.0 or equivalent).

Some data (e.g., TOC) may be helpful in assessing the operation of the bioreactor (Section 5.1). The monitoring schedule and analyses are documented in the sampling and analysis plan presented as part of the annual RA-O report. If there are discrepancies between the analyses listed here and the sampling and analysis plan, the sampling and analysis plan takes precedence.

4.3 System Maintenance and Inspection

Maintenance and inspection schedules (monthly, quarterly, and annually) are listed in Table 4-4.

Cutsheets and system component information for individual bioreactor components are included in Appendix A. The bioreactor field form is provided in Appendix B.

The site operator will note and schedule repair and maintenance of equipment as necessary.

4.4 Notifications

4.4.1 System Alarms

The bioreactor is not equipped with any system alarms. The contractor shall check the bioreactor extraction well and supplemental water system for functionality during each site visit.

4.4.2 System Downtime

System downtime should be minimized to the degree practical. The bioreactor system was designed as a recirculating system between the extraction well, supplemented by potable water, and bioreactor, including the subsurface between them.