OSUT_31_32_11_Soil_Surface_Erosion_Control.pdf

OUST-AR RANGE PROJECTS FY19

SECTION 31 32 11

SOIL SURFACE EROSION CONTROL

04/06

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C 140 (2005) Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

ASTM C 39/C 39M (2004a) Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C 42/C 42M (2004) Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete

ASTM D 1248 (2005) Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable

ASTM D 1560 (1992; R 2000) Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus

ASTM D 1682 (1959T; R 1975) Test for Breaking Load and Elongation of Textile Fabrics

ASTM D 1777 (1996; R 2002) Thickness of Textile Materials

ASTM D 2028 (1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)

ASTM D 2844 (2001e1) Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils

ASTM D 3776 (1996; R 2002) Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

ASTM D 3787 (2001) Bursting Strength of Textiles - Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT), Ball Burst Test

ASTM D 3884 (2001e1) Abrasion Resistance of Textile

Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

ASTM D 4355 (2002) Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus

ASTM D 4491 (1999; R 2004) Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity

ASTM D 4533 (2004) Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles

ASTM D 4595 (1986; R 2001) Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method

ASTM D 4632 (1991; R 2003) Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles

ASTM D 4751 (2004) Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile

ASTM D 4833 (2000e1) Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products

ASTM D 4972 (2001) pH of Soils

ASTM D 5035 (1995; R 2003) Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)

ASTM D 5268 (2002) Topsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes

ASTM D 648 (2004) Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position

ASTM D 698 (2000ae1) Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/cu. ft. (600 kN-m/cu. m.))

ASTM D 977 (2003) Emulsified Asphalt

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)

AMS Seed Act (1940; R 1988; R 1998) Federal Seed Act

1.2 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for Contractor Quality Control approval. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section

01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Layout; G Obstructions Below Ground; G Erosion Control; G

Scale drawings defining areas to receive recommended materials as required by federal, state or local regulations.

Seed Establishment Period

Calendar time period for the seed establishment period. When there is more than one seed establishment period, the boundaries of the seeded area covered for each period shall be described.

Maintenance Record

Record of maintenance work performed, of measurements and findings for product failure, recommendations for repair, and products replaced.

SD-03 Product Data

Geosynthetic Binders; G Hydraulic Mulch; G Geotextile Fabrics; G

Manufacturer's literature including physical characteristics, application and installation instructions.

Equipment

A listing of equipment to be used for the application of erosion control materials.

Finished Grade Erosion Control Blankets

Condition of finish grade status prior to installation; location of underground utilities and facilities.

SD-04 Samples

Materials

a. Geosynthetic and synthetic binding material; 1 quart.

b. Standard mulch; 2 pounds.

c. Hydraulic mulch; 2 pounds.

d. Geotextile fabrics; 6 inch square.

e. Erosion control blankets; 6 inch square.

SD-06 Test Reports

Geosynthetic Binders Hydraulic Mulch Geotextile Fabrics Erosion Control Blankets

Certified reports of inspections and laboratory tests, prepared by an independent testing agency, including analysis and interpretation of test results. Each report shall be properly identified. Test methods used and compliance with recognized test standards shall be described.

Sand Gravel

Sieve test results. Sand shall be uniformly graded.

SD-07 Certificates

Fill Material Mulch Hydraulic Mulch Geotextile Fabrics

Prior to delivery of materials, certificates of compliance attesting that materials meet the specified requirements.

Certified copies of the material certificates shall include the following.

For items listed in this section:

a. Certification of recycled content or,

b. Statement of recycled content.

c. Certification of origin including the name, address and telephone number of manufacturer.

Geosynthetic Binders Synthetic Soil Binders

Certification for binders showing EPA registered uses, toxicity levels, and application hazards.

Erosion Control Plan Construction Work Sequence Schedule

Erosion control plan. Construction sequence schedule.

Installer's Qualification

The installer's company name and address; training and experience and or certification.

Recycled Plastic

Individual component and assembled unit structural integrity test; creep tolerance; deflection tolerance; and vertical load test results. The estimated percentage of recovered material content in the material and components. Life-cycle durability.

Seed

Classification, botanical name, common name, percent pure live seed, minimum percent germination and hard seed, maximum percent weed seed content, and date tested.

Asphalt Adhesive Tackifier

Composition.

Wood By-Products

Composition, source, and particle size. Products shall be free from toxic chemicals or hazardous material.

Wood Cellulose Fiber

Certification stating that wood components were obtained from managed forests.

SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data

Maintenance Instructions

Instruction for year-round care of installed material. The Contractor shall include manufacturer supplied spare parts.

1.3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

1.3.1 Standard and Geosynthetic Binder

The standard and geosynthetic binder shall be measured by the square yard of surface area covered. No measurement for payment shall be made for fine grading, trenching or other miscellaneous materials necessary for placement of the binder.

1.3.2 Mulch

Mulch shall be measured by the square yard of surface area covered. No measurement for payment shall be made for binder, dye or other miscellaneous materials or equipment necessary for placement of the mulch.

1.3.3 Hydraulic Mulch

Hydraulic mulch shall be measured by the square yard of surface area covered. Measurement for payment shall include binder, dye or both. No measurement for payment shall be made for other miscellaneous materials or equipment necessary for placement of the hydraulic mulch.

1.3.4 Geotextile Fabric

The geotextile fabrics shall be measured by the square yard of surface area covered. No measurement for payment shall be made for fine grading, trenching or other miscellaneous materials necessary for placement of the fabric.

1.3.5 Erosion Control Blankets

The erosion control blankets shall be measured by the square yard of surface area covered. No measurement for payment shall be made for fine grading, trenching or other miscellaneous materials necessary for placement of the erosion control blankets.

1.3.6 OMITTED

1.3.7 OMITTED

1.4 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The work shall consist of furnishing and installing soil surface erosion control materials, including fine grading, blanketing, stapling, mulching and miscellaneous related work, within project limits and in areas outside the project limits where the soil surface is disturbed from work under this contract at the designated locations. This work shall include all necessary materials, labor, supervision and equipment for installation of a complete system. This section shall be coordinated with the requirements of Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK and Section 32 92 19 SEEDING.

1.5 DELIVERY, INSPECTION, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Materials shall be stored in designated areas and as recommended by the manufacturer protected from the elements, direct exposure, and damage.

Containers shall not be dropped from trucks. Material shall be free of defects that would void required performance or warranty. Geosynthetic binders and synthetic soil binders shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original sealed containers and stored in a secure area.

a. Erosion control blankets and geotextile fabric shall be furnished in rolls with suitable wrapping to protect against moisture and extended ultraviolet exposure prior to placement. Erosion control blanket and geotextile fabric rolls shall be labeled to provide identification sufficient for inventory and quality control purposes.

b. Seed shall be inspected upon arrival at the jobsite for conformity to species and quality. Seed that is wet, moldy, or bears a test date five months or older, shall be rejected.

1.6 SUBSTITUTIONS

Substitutions will not be allowed without written request and approval from the Contracting Officer.

1.7 INSTALLER'S QUALIFICATION

The installer shall be certified by the manufacturer for training and experience installing the material.

1.8 OMITTED

1.9 WARRANTY

Erosion control material shall have a warranty for use and durable condition for project specific installations. Temporary erosion control materials shall carry a minimum eighteen month warranty. Permanent erosion control materials shall carry a minimum three year warranty.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 RECYCLED PLASTIC

Recycled plastic shall contain a minimum 85 percent of recycled post-consumer product. Recycled material shall be constructed or manufactured with a maximum 1/4 inch deflection or creep in any member, according to ASTM D 648 and ASTM D 1248. The components shall be molded of ultraviolet (UV) and color stabilized polyethylene. The material shall consist of a minimum 75 percent plastic profile of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene raw material.

The material shall be non-toxic and have no discernible contaminates such as paper, foil, or wood. The material shall contain a maximum 3 percent air voids and shall be free of splinters, chips, peels, buckling, and cracks. Material shall be resistant to deformation from solar heat gain.

2.2 BINDERS

2.2.1 Synthetic Soil Binders

Calcium chloride, or other standard manufacturer's spray on adhesives designed for dust suppression.

2.2.2 Geosynthetic Binders

Geosynthetic binders shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 1560, ASTM D 2844; and shall be referred to as products manufactured for use as modified emulsions for the purpose of erosion control and soil stabilization. Emulsions shall be manufactured from all natural materials and provide a hard durable finish.

2.3 MULCH

Mulch shall be free from weeds, mold, and other deleterious materials.

Mulch materials shall be native to the region.

2.3.1 Straw

Straw shall be stalks from oats, wheat, rye, barley, or rice, furnished in air-dry condition and with a consistency for placing with commercial mulch-blowing equipment.

2.3.2 Hay

Hay shall be native hay, sudan-grass hay, broomsedge hay, or other herbaceous mowings, furnished in an air-dry condition suitable for placing with commercial mulch-blowing equipment.

2.3.3 Wood Cellulose Fiber

Wood cellulose fiber shall not contain any growth or germination-inhibiting factors and shall be dyed an appropriate color to facilitate placement during application. Composition on air-dry weight basis: a minimum 9 to a maximum 15 percent moisture, and between a minimum 4.5 to a maximum 6.0 pH.

2.3.4 Paper Fiber

Paper fiber mulch shall be recycled news print that is shredded for the purpose of mulching seed.

2.3.5 Shredded Bark

Locally shredded material shall be treated to retard the growth of mold and fungi.

2.3.6 Wood By-Products

Wood locally chipped or ground bark shall be treated to retard the growth of mold and fungi. Gradation: A maximum 2 inch wide by 4 inch long.

2.3.7 Coir

Coir shall be manufactured from 100 percent coconut fiber cured in fresh water for a minimum of 6 months.

2.3.8 Asphalt Adhesive

Asphalt adhesive shall conform to the following: Emulsified asphalt, conforming to ASTM D 977, Grade SS-1; and cutback asphalt, conforming to ASTM D 2028, Designation RC-70.

2.3.9 Mulch Control Netting

Mulch control netting may be constructed of lightweight recycled plastic, cotton, or paper or organic fiber. The recycled plastic shall be a woven or nonwoven polypropylene, nylon, or polyester containing stabilizers and/or inhibitors to make the fabric resistant to deterioration from UV, and with the following properties:

a. Minimum grab tensile strength (TF 25 #1/ASTM D 4632), 180 pounds.

b. Minimum Puncture (TF 25 #4/ASTM D 3787), 75 psi in the weakest direction.

c. Apparent opening sieve size of a minimum 40 and maximum 80 (U.S.

Sieve Size).

d. Minimum Trapezoidal tear strength (TF 25 #2/ASTM D 4533), 50 pounds.

2.3.10 Hydraulic Mulch

Hydraulic mulch shall be made of 100 percent virgin aspen wood fibers.

Wood shall be naturally air-dried to a moisture content of 10.0 percent, plus or minus 3.0 percent. A minimum of 50 percent of the fibers shall be equal to or greater than 0.15 inch in length and a minimum of 75 percent of the fibers shall be retained on a 28 mesh screen. No reprocessed paper fibers shall be included in the hydraulic mulch.Hydraulic mulch shall have the following mixture characteristics:

CHARACTERISTIC (typical) VALUE pH 5.4 + 0.1

Organic Matter (oven dried basis), percent 99.3 within + 0.2 Inorganic Ash (oven dried basis), percent 0.7 within + 0.2 Water Holding Capacity, percent 1,401

2.3.11 Tackifier

Tackifier shall be a blended polyacrylimide material with non-ionic galactomannan of Gramineae endosperm in powder and crystalline form with molecular weights over 250,000. Tackifier shall be pre-packaged in the hydraulic mulch at the rate of 100 ounces per lb of wood fiber.

2.3.12 Dye

Dye shall be a water-activated, green color. Dye shall be pre-packaged in water dissolvable packets in the hydraulic mulch.

2.4 GEOTEXTILE FABRICS

Geotextile fabrics shall be woven of polypropylene filaments formed into a stable network so that the filaments retain their relative position to each other. Sewn seams shall have strength equal to or greater than the geotextile itself. Fabric shall be installed to withstand maximum velocity flows as recommended by the manufacturer. The geotextile shall conform to the following minimum average roll values:

Property Performance Test Method

Weight ASTM D 3776 Thickness ASTM D 1777 Permeability ASTM D 4491 Abrasion Resistance, 58 percent X Type (percent strength 81 percent ASTM D 3884 retained) Tensile Grab Strength 1,467 N X 1, ASTM D 4632 933 N Grab Elongation 15percent X ASTM D 4632 20percent

Burst Strength 5,510 kN/m2 ASTM D 3787 Puncture Strength 733 N ASTM D 4833 Trapezoid Tear 533 N X 533 N ASTM D 4533 Apparent Opening Size 40 US Std Sieve ASTM D 4751 UV Resistance @ 500 hrs 90 percent ASTM D 4355

2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS

2.5.1 Erosion Control Blankets Type I

Type I blankets shall be used for erosion control and vegetation establishment on roadside embankments, abutments, berms, shoulders, and median swales where natural vegetation will provide long term stabilization. Erosion control blankets shall be a machine-produced mat of

100% straw. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with a photodegradable polypropylene netting having an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh and be sewn together on a maximum 1.5 inch centers with degradable thread. The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 100 percent with approximately

. 0.50 lb/yd2 weight

Netting One side only, lightweight photodegradable with approximately 1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

Thread Degradable

Note 1: Photodegradable life a minimum of 2 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 3:1 gradient.

2.5.2 Erosion Control Blankets Type II

Erosion control blankets shall be a machine-produced mat of 100 percent straw. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with a polypropylene netting having an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh with photodegradable accelerators to provide breakdown of the netting within approximately 45 days,depending upon geographic location and elevation. The blanket shall be sewn together on a maximum 1.5 inch centers with degradable thread. The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 100 percent with approximately

0.50 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting One side only, photodegradable with photo accelerators and approximately

1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

Thread Degradable

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 10 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 3:1 gradient.

2.5.3 Erosion Control Blankets Type III

Type III blankets shall be used for erosion control and vegetation establishment on roadside embankments, abutments, berms, shoulders, and median swales where natural vegetation will provide long term stabilization. Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced mat consisting of 70 percent straw and 30 percent coconut fiber. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw and coconut fiber evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with heavyweight photodegradable polypropylene netting having UV additives to delay breakdown and an approximate 5/8 by 5/8 inch mesh, and on the bottom side with a lightweight photodegradable polypropylene netting with an approximate 1/2 inch by 1/2 inch mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together on 1.5 inch centers with degradable thread.

The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 70 percent by approximately

0.35 lb/yd2.

Coconut Fiber 30 percent by approximately

0.15 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting Top side heavyweight photodegradable with UV additives and approximately

3 lb/1,000 ft2 weight

Bottom side lightweight photodegradable with approximately

1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 10 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes with a gradient less than 1.5:1.

2.5.4 Erosion Control Blankets Type IV

Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced mat of 100 percent straw. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top and bottom sides with lightweight photodegradable polypropylene netting having an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together on 1.5 inch centers with degradable thread. The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 100 percent with approximately

0.5 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting Both sides lightweight photodegradable with approximately 1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

Thread Degradable

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 2 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes with a gradient of less than 1.5:1.

2.5.5 Erosion Control Blankets Type V

Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced mat of 100 percent straw. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with polypropylene netting having an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh with photodegradable accelerators to provide breakdown of the netting within approximately 45 days, depending upon geographic location and elevation. The bottom shall be covered with a polypropylene netting having an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh with photo accelerators. The blanket shall be sewn together on 1.5 inch centers with degradable thread.

The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 100 percent with approximately

0.5 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting Top side lightweight photodegradable with photo accelerators with approximately

1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

Thread Bottom side lightweight photodegradable with photo accelerators and approximately

1.64 lb/1,000 ft2 weight.

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 10 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 2:1 gradient.

2.5.6 Erosion Control Blankets Type VI

Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced 100% biodegradable mat with a 100 percent straw fiber matrix. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw fiber evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with a 100 percent biodegradable woven natural organic fiber netting. The netting shall consist of machine directional strands formed from two intertwined yarns with cross directional strands interwoven through the twisted machine strands (commonly referred to as a Leno weave) to form an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together with biodegradable thread on 1.5 inch centers. The erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Matrix 100 percent straw fiber with approximately

0.50 lb/yd2 weight

Netting One side only, Leno woven 100% biodegradable natural organic fiber

Weight approximately 9.3 lb/1,000 ft2.

Thread Biodegradable

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 10 months with a minimum 90 Percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum

Material 2:1 gradient.

2.5.7 Erosion Control Blankets Type VII

Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced 100 percent biodegradable mat with an herbaceous straw fiber matrix. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top and bottom sides with 100 percent biodegradable woven natural fiber netting. The netting shall consist of machine directional strands formed from two intertwined yarns with cross directional strands interwoven through the twisted machine strands (commonly referred to as a Leno weave) to form an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together with biodegradable thread on 1.5 inch centers. The blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Straw 100 percent straw fiber with approximately

0.5 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting Top and bottom sides,Leno woven 100% biodegradable natural organic fiber with approximately

9.3 lb/1,000ft2 weight.

Thread Biodegradable

Note: Photodegradable life a minimum of 18 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 1.5:1 gradient.

2.5.8 Erosion Control Blankets Type VIII

Erosion control blanket shall be a machine-produced 100 percent biodegradable mat with a 70 percent herbaceous straw and 30 percent coconut fiber blend matrix. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the straw and coconut fiber evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top and bottom sides with 100 percent biodegradable woven natural organic fiber netting. The netting shall consist of machine directional strands formed from two intertwined yarns with cross directional strands interwoven through the twisted machine strands (commonly referred to as a Leno weave) to form an approximate 1/2 by 1/2 inch mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together with biodegradable thread on 1.5 inch centers. Straw/Coconut fiber erosion control blanket shall have the following properties:

Material Content

Matrix 70 percent straw fiber with approximately

0.35 lb/yd2 weight. 30 percent coconut fiber cured in fresh water with approximately

0.15 lb/yd2 weight.

Netting Both sides woven 100% biodegradable natural organic fiber with approximately 9.3 lbs/1,000

Material Content ft2 weight.

Thread Biodegradable

NOTE: Photodegradable life a minimum of 24 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 1.5:1 gradient.

2.5.9 Erosion Control Blankets Type IX (Turf Reinforcement Mat)

Permanent erosion control/turf reinforcement mat is constructed of 100 percent coconut fiber stitch bonded between a heavy duty UV stabilized bottom net, and a heavy duty UV stabilized cuspated (crimped) middle netting overlaid with a heavy duty UV stabilized top net. The cuspated netting forms prominent closely spaced ridges across the entire width of the mat. The three nettings are stitched together on 1.5 inch centers with UV stabilized polypropylene thread to form a permanent three dimensional structure. The following list contains further physical properties of the turf erosion control mat.

Property Test Method Value Units

Ground Cover Image Analysis 93 percent Thickness ASTM D 1777 0.63 in Mass Per Unit Area ASTM D 3776 0.92 lb/sy Tensile Strength ASTM D 5035 480 lb/ft Elongation ASTM D 5035 percent Tensile Strength ASTM D 5035 960 lb/ft Elongation ASTM D 5035 31 percent Tensile Strength ASTM D 1682 177 lbs Elongation ASTM D 1682 22 percent Resiliency ASTM D 1777 greater than 80 percent UV Stability* ASTM D 4355 151 lbs 86 percent Color(permanent net) UV Black Porosity(permanent net)Calculated greater than 95 percent Minimum Filament Measured 0.03 in Diameter (permanent net)

NOTE 1: *ASTM D 1682 Tensile Strength and percent Strength Retention of material after 1000 hours of exposure in Xenon-Arc Weatherometer

NOTE 2: Photodegradable life a minimum of 36 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 1:1 gradient.

2.5.10 Erosion Control Blankets Type X (Turf Reinforcement Mat)

Permanent erosion control/turf reinforcement mat shall be constructed of 100 percent UV stabilized high denier polypropylene fiber sewn between a black UV stabilized 1/2 inch mesh polypropylene netting on the top 5 lbs/1000 square ft and a black UV stabilized 5/8 inch mesh polypropylene netting on the bottom 3 lbs/1000 square ft with polypropylene thread. The mat shall be resistant to photo and chemical degradation. The following list contains further physical properties of the turf reinforcement mat.

Property Test Method Value Units

Thickness ASTM D 1777 0.56 in Resiliency 100 PSI-3 cycles 94 percent Mass Per Unit Area ASTM D 3776 11.2 oz/sq yd Tensile Strength ASTM D 4632 35.2 lbs Elongation ASTM D 4632 25.5 percent Tensile Strength ASTM D 4595 259.2 lbs/ft Elongation ASTM D 4595 20.9 percent Tensile Strength ASTM D 5035 300 lbs/ft Elongation ASTM D 5035 51 percent Tensile Strength ASTM D 1682 89 lbs Elongation ASTM D 1682 21 percent UV Stability* ASTM D 4355 81* lbs 90* percent

NOTE 1: *ASTM D 1682 Tensile Strength and percent Strength Retention of material after 1000 hours of exposure in Xenon-Arc Weatherometer.

NOTE 2: Photodegradable life a minimum of 36 months with a minimum 90 percent light penetration. Apply to slopes up to a maximum 1:1 gradient.

2.5.11 OMITTED

2.5.12 Seed

2.5.12.1 Seed Classification

State-certified seed of the latest season's crop shall be provided in original sealed packages bearing the producer's guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixture, purity, germination, hard seed, weed seed content, and inert material. Labels shall be in conformance with AMS Seed Act and applicable state seed laws. The Contractor shall submit the Seed Establishment Period information as specified in the Submittals paragraph.

2.5.12.2 Permanent Seed Species and Mixtures

Refer to Section 32 92 19 SEEDING for permanent seed species and mixtures.

2.5.12.3 Quality

Weed seed shall be a maximum 1 percent by weight of the total mixture.

2.5.13 Staking

Stakes shall be 100 percent biodegradable manufactured from recycled plastic or wood and shall be designed to safely and effectively secure erosion control blankets for temporary or permanent applications. The biodegradable stake shall be fully degradable by biological activity within a reasonable time frame. The bio-plastic resin used in production of the biodegradable stake shall consist of polylactide, a natural, completely biodegradable substance derived from renewable agricultural resources. The biodegradable stake must exhibit ample rigidity to enable being driven into hard ground, with sufficient flexibility to resist shattering. The biodegradable stake shall have serrations on the leg to increase resistance to pull-out from the soil.

2.5.14 Staples

Staples shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.

2.6 OMITTED

2.7 CRUSHED ROCK

Crushed rock shall be crushed run between a minimum 1/2 inches and a maximum 2 inches.

2.8 OMITTED

2.9 OMITTED

2.10 WATER

Unless otherwise directed, water shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Water shall be potable or supplied by an existing irrigation system.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CONDITIONS

The Contractor shall submit a construction work sequence schedule, with the approved erosion control plan a minimum of 30 days prior to start of construction. The work schedule shall coordinate the timing of land disturbing activities with the provision of erosion control measures.

Erosion control operations shall be performed under favorable weather conditions; when excessive moisture, frozen ground or other unsatisfactory conditions prevail, the work shall be stopped as directed. When special conditions warrant a variance to earthwork operations, a revised construction schedule shall be submitted for approval. Erosion control materials shall not be applied in adverse weather conditions which could affect their performance.

3.1.1 Finished Grade

The Contractor shall verify that finished grades are as indicated on the drawings; finish grading and compaction shall be completed in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, prior to the commencement of the work.

The location of underground utilities and facilities in the area of the work shall be verified and marked. Damage to underground utilities and facilities shall be repaired at the Contractor's expense.

3.1.2 Placement of Erosion Control Blankets

Before placing the erosion control blankets, ensure the subgrade has been graded smooth; has no depressed, void areas; is free from obstructions, such as tree roots, projecting stones or other foreign matter. Vehicles shall not be permitted directly on the blankets.

3.1.3 OMITTED

3.1.4 OMITTED

3.2 SITE PREPARATION

3.2.1 Soil Test

Soil shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 5268 and ASTM D 4972 for determining the particle size and mechanical analysis. Sample collection onsite shall be random over the entire site. The test shall determine the soil particle size as compatible for the specified material.

3.2.2 Layout

Erosion control material locations may be adjusted to meet field conditions. When soil tests result in unacceptable particle sizes, a shop drawing shall be submitted indicating the corrective measures.

3.2.3 Protecting Existing Vegetation

When there are established lawns in the work area, the turf shall be covered and/or protected or replaced after construction operations.

Existing trees, shrubs, and plant beds that are to be preserved shall be barricaded along the dripline. Damage to existing trees shall be mitigated by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Government. Damage shall be assessed by a state certified arborist or other approved professional using the National Arborist Association's tree valuation guideline.

3.2.4 Obstructions Below Ground

When obstructions below ground affect the work, shop drawings showing proposed adjustments to placement of erosion control material shall be submitted for approval.

3.3 INSTALLATION

3.3.1 Synthetic Binders

Synthetic binders shall be applied heaviest at edges of areas and at crests of ridges and banks to prevent displacement. Binders shall be applied to the remainder of the area evenly at the rate as recommended by the manufacturer.

3.3.2 Seeding

When seeding is required prior to installing mulch on synthetic grid systems the Contractor shall verify that seeding will be completed in accordance with Sections 31 00 00 EARTHWORK and 32 92 19 SEEDING.

3.3.3 OMITTED

3.3.4 OMITTED

3.3.5 OMITTED

3.3.6 OMITTED

3.3.7 Non-Asphaltic Tackifier

Hydrophilic colloid shall be applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturer, using hydraulic equipment suitable for thoroughly mixing with water. A uniform mixture shall be applied over the area.

3.3.8 OMITTED

3.3.9 Wood Cellulose Fiber, Paper Fiber, and Recycled Paper

Wood cellulose fiber, paper fiber, or recycled paper shall be applied as part of the hydraulic mulch operation.

3.3.10 Hydraulic Mulch Application

3.3.10.1 Unseeded Area

Hydraulic mulch shall be installed as indicated and in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Hydraulic mulch shall be mixed with water at the rate recommended by the manufacturer for the area to be covered.

Mixing shall be done in equipment manufactured specifically for hydraulic mulching work, including an agitator in the mixing tank to keep the mulch evenly disbursed.

3.3.10.2 Seeded Area

For hydraulic seeded areas, mulch shall be applied at the rate of 5 per square yard with the seed and fertilizer, and at the rate of 2 per square yard in a second application of mulch only.

3.3.11 Erosion Control Blankets

a. Erosion control blankets shall be installed as indicated and in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. The extent of erosion control blankets shall be as shown on drawings.

b. Erosion control blankets shall be oriented in vertical strips and anchored with staples, as indicated. Adjacent strips shall be abutted to allow for installation of a common row of staples.

Horizontal joints between erosion control blankets shall be overlapped sufficiently to accommodate a common row of staples with the uphill end on top.

c. Where exposed to overland sheet flow, a trench shall be located at the uphill termination. The erosion control blanket shall be stapled to the bottom of the trench. Backfill and compact the trench as required.

d. Where terminating in a channel containing an installed blanket, the erosion control blanket shall overlap installed blanket sufficiently to accommodate a common row of staples.

3.3.12 OMITTED

3.3.13 OMITTED

3.3.14 OMITTED

3.3.14.1 OMITTED

3.3.14.2 OMITTED

3.3.14.3 OMITTED

3.3.14.4 OMITTED

3.3.14.5 Seeding, Fertilizing, Mulching

Seed shall be installed in accordance with Section 32 92 19 SEEDING.

3.4 CLEAN-UP

Excess material, debris, and waste materials shall be disposed offsite at an approved landfill or recycling center. Adjacent paved areas shall be cleared. Immediately upon completion of the installation in an area, the area shall be protected against traffic or other use by erecting barricades and providing signage as required, or as directed.

3.5 WATERING SEED

Watering shall be started immediately after installing erosion control blanket type XI (revegetation mat). Water shall be applied to supplement rainfall at a sufficient rate to ensure moist soil conditions to a minimum 1 inch depth. Run-off and puddling shall be prevented. Watering trucks shall not be driven over turf areas, unless otherwise directed. Watering of other adjacent areas or plant material shall be prevented.

3.6 MAINTENANCE RECORD

A record shall be furnished describing the maintenance work performed, record of measurements and findings for product failure, recommendations for repair, and products replaced.

3.6.1 Maintenance

Maintenance shall include eradicating weeds; protecting embankments and ditches from surface erosion; maintaining the performance of the erosion control materials and mulch; protecting installed areas from traffic.

3.6.1.1 Maintenance Instructions

Written instructions containing drawings and other necessary information shall be furnished, describing the care of the installed material;

including, when and where maintenance should occur, and the procedures for material replacement.

3.6.1.2 Patching and Replacement

Unless otherwise directed, material shall be placed, seamed or patched as recommended by the manufacturer. Material not meeting the required performance as a result of placement, seaming or patching shall be removed from the site. The Contractor shall replace the unacceptable material at no additional cost to the Government.

3.7 SATISFACTORY STAND OF GRASS PLANTS

When erosion control blanket type XI (revegetation mat) is installed, the grass plants shall be evaluated for species and health when the grass plants are a minimum 1 inch high. A satisfactory stand of grass plants from the revegetation mat area shall be a minimum 10 grass plants per square foot. The total bare spots shall not exceed 2 percent of the total revegetation mat area.

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