P381 Industry Day 2 FINAL 5-20-20.pdf

P-381 Multi Mission Dry Dock #1

Industry Day #2 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNSY)

Kittery, ME

20 MAY 2020

Ground Rules

• These discussions (both in the group setting and during individual one-on-one conversations) are informational and for planning purposes only. This is not a request for proposal. Nothing discussed as part of this event will be evaluated in response to any future requests for proposals.

• Do not provide the government with any proprietary information, trade secrets, or any other information deemed source selection sensitive, or any information that you do not want disseminated to the public.

• Registering for and joining this webinar indicates your understanding and consent to the government making publically available a summary of the information discussed in the morning question and answer period. This session is open to all registered attendees.

*** Any Questions or Comments should be addressed to the Contracting Officer, Philip Cole @ 757-341-1970 / Philip.j.Cole@navy.mil ***

Ground Rules 2

• Rules For Q&A Session –

• Any attendee can submit a question anonymously to the presenters at any time during the presentations.

• All questions will be addressed at the end of this presentation.

• 0900 - 0905 Introductions Philip Cole, Contracting Officer, NAVFAC MIDLANT

• 0905 - 0925 Opening Remarks CAPT Hayes, Commanding Officer, NAVFAC MIDLANT

• 0925 - 0930 Project Schedule and Procurement Highlights Keith Barbish, Deputy Assistant Operations Officer, NAVFAC MIDLANT Michael Insetta, Supervisory Project Manager, NAVFAC MIDLANT

• 0930 - 1045 Technical Presentation Linn Lebel, NAVFAC MIDLANT Design Manager Nate Maher, NAVFAC MIDLANT Supervisory Engineer

• 1045 - 1100 Acquisition Plan and Project Schedule Philip Cole, Contracting Officer, NAVFAC MIDLANT

• 1100 – 1115 Break

• 1115 – 1200 Question and Answer Panel

Group Panel

Industry Day Agenda

• Notify Industry of the upcoming solicitation for the P-381 Multi Mission Drydock, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (FY21-24)

• Inform industry as to the scope, timeline, and possible construction challenges for the PNSY DD Project

• Solicit innovative private sector input to help shape the acquisition strategy, technical solution, and other aspects of the project procurement

• Conduct one-on-one discussions

• NOTE: Everything you see today is a DRAFT and is subject to change

Industry Day Goals

Welcome

CAPT Hayes Commanding Officer

Naval Facilities Engineering Command Mid-Atlantic

Project Schedule

General Schedule Discussion:

–Project schedule must support superflood and operational capabilities during construction.

–Other waterfront site construction will be underway when P381 is awarded

–Project is broken into multiple phases based on Shipyard production, docking evolutions, and construction requirements

–The milestones shown will be incorporated into the contract along with the project phasing.

–To improve schedule, solicitation allows for various construction methods

DD#1E

DD#1N DD#1W

Milestone Date Approx Duration From Previous Milestone (months)

Contract Award (Primary) Feb-21 - In Water Work Permitted Mar-22 13 Interim Milestone Oct-23 19 Interim Milestone Dec-23 2 Complete DD1N Apr-24 4 Interim Milestone Aug-25 16 Interim Milestone Dec-25 4 Complete DD1W Dec-25 0 Mission Need Date / Total Duration

Feb-26 60

Procurement Strategy Project Budget

– $500mil+

Overall Contract Duration

– Approx. 5 years

Two Construction Contracts

– Primary Contract (Multi Mission Dry Dock #1)

– Secondary Contract (Procurement of Two Caissons)

Request for Proposals (2 Separate Solicitation Packages)

– Primary Construction Procurement - One Phase, 2-Step Best Value Source Selection

(BVSS) w/Tradeoffs

• Step 1: Non-Price ~ 60 Days

Planned issue date Jun/Jul 2020 Early review of the pre-final drawings Opportunity to build team, connect w/subs, develop preliminary costs

• Step 2: Price and Small Business Utilization ~ 60 Days Planned issue date Oct/Nov 2020

– Secondary (Caisson) Procurement - Best Value Tradeoffs ~ 60 Days

Procurement Strategy

Primary Multi Mission Dry Dock #1 Proposal Evaluation – BVSS Tradeoffs

– Price: Price will be evaluated equally to non-price

– Non-Price: Corporate Experience, Past Performance, Safety, Small Business, Schedule and Management Approach

• Management Approach and Schedule – Assuming hard milestones are preserved, the Navy is considering allowing contractor proposed alternative means and methods in the following areas:

Dockwall Construction Support of Excavation Temporary Utilities

• Flexibility would be permitted (not required) at the offeror’s preference in the form of alternative approaches to one or more of the items identified above

• Alternative approach concepts will be evaluated per specific Step 1 RFP criteria and if selected, become the responsibility of the offeror to finalize post award

P-381 Multi Mission Dry Dock #1 Technical Information

Linn Lebel, PE Design Manager / Structural Engineer

Naval Facilities Engineering Command Mid-Atlantic Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNSY)

Nate Maher, PE Supervisory Engineer

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNSY)

Located – Approximately one hour from Boston, MA, Portland ME, and Manchester, NH

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Kittery, Maine

Dry Dock

Dry Dock

Dry Dock

Dry Dock 1

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Map

Gate 2 Main Gate

Dry Dock 1 Project

Site

Security/Access Requirements Gate Access

• Two gates access Shipyard

• One contractor inspection area to gain clearance for contractor vehicle

Security Badges

• Two badges required for certain areas of the Shipyard, both include background check

• Dry Dock 1 Area is inside the Controlled Industrial Area (CIA)

• DBIDS – Required for entry into PNSY

• Complete Form NAVSHIPYD PTSMH 5500

• Complete SECNAV Form 5512

• Requires 2 Forms of Acceptable Identification Documents ‐ CNICINST 5530.14A

• Green Badge – Required for entry into CIA

• Requires 2 Forms of Acceptable Identification Documents ‐ CNICINST 5530.14A

• Employees must furnish proof of U.S. citizenship

Cameras, Video Equipment, etc

• Cameras or photographic devices in cell phones, laptop computers, etc. shall not be introduced into or must be disabled before entering NAVSEA controlled spaces (CIA).

• Cameras and video equipment require approval from security.

Security/Access Updates Gate Access

• Contractor vehicle inspection application available to allow contractors to view and plan time of arrival and delivery.

Security Badges

• Extended pass office hours to include nights and weekends upon request. Extended hours are set up to be contract specific.

• Check In Desk at Pass Office to verify paperwork ahead of waiting in line

Ferry Landing Access

• Option to establish ferry landing access points at Berth 2 and/or Berth 7 to direct ferry people across the river and to the Shipyard.

• Badging still required to access base

• Ferry landing requires approval from security and will be only accessible during agreed upon times.

Contractor will be required to establish turnstile and install fencing at location.

CIA Security Enclave

• Fenced in area within the Berth 11, Dry Dock 1, and Berth 1 area.

Security Enclave

• Option for contractor established enclave

• Fenced in area within the Berth 11, Dry Dock 1, and Berth 1 area.

• Fencing, lighting, and turnstiles are required to be installed by contractor with security approval

Project Summary

Solicitation:

•Design Bid Build

• Anticipated RFP Release Date Step 1 ‐ July 2020

Construction Schedule

• Anticipated Award February 2021

• Dry Dock 1 North Complete April 2024

• Dry Dock 1 North Certified July 2024 •Dry Dock 1 West Complete December 2025

• Dry Dock 1 West Certified February 2026

• Contract Completion February 2026

Phased Project

•Project is broken into multiple phases based on Shipyard production, docking evolutions, and construction requirements

•Project contains contractual milestones related to support contract work

•Project maintains superflood capabilities of the Dry Dock 1 Basin and allows movements in and out of Dry Dock 1 throughout the duration.

Ongoing Construction Work

P‐310 Dry Dock 1 Superflood Basin P‐1074 Extend Portal Crane

P‐310 Dry Dock 1 Superflood Basin: Constructs a new 150,000SF superflood basin outside of existing Dry Dock #1, modifies an existing caisson to serve as the superflood basin gate, and constructs new portal crane and railroad rails along Berths 1 and 2.

P‐1074 Extend Portal Crane : Constructs additional portal crane rails at Berths 1 and 2 to support load testing and heavy‐lift capabilities along with various utility improvements to support enhanced maintenance and overhaul capabilities at Dry Dock #1.

Current Status – under construction with planned completion March 2022

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Multi Mission Dry Dock #1

South Closure WallDD1W

Entrance

DD1N

DD1N

Entrance

DD1W

Pump Station

Utility Enclosure

DD1E

Center Wall

Berth 1 Berth 11

Multi Mission Dry Dock #1

General Plan Arrangement

Center Wall Sections

Pumpwell

Existing DD1 Pumpwell

Utility Enclosure

DD1E

Utility EnclosurePump

Station

Entrance Section

DD1N Entrance (P‐381)

DD1W Entrance (P‐310)

Typical Dry Docks Section

DD1N

Berth 11

Center Wall

DD1W

Berth 11 and DD1N Interface

DD1N

Berth 11

Center Wall

Berth 1 and DD1W Interface

DD1W

Berth 1

Center Wall

BREAK

Project Highlights: Underwater Rock Removal and Dredging

• Foundation preparations include rock and soil removal

• Disposal Requirements Soil: permitting underway for offshore disposal or onsite beneficial use of some soil. Remainder will be landfilled.

Rock: Can be re‐used or disposed of at contractor’s discretion.

Rock Removal Area

• Quantities Soil: 41,500 CY Rock (Mechanical Removal): 3,700 CY Rock (Drill and Blast): 7,500 CY

Project Highlights: Pump Station

• Located at the end of the center wall

• Supports all three dry docks pumping systems including: dewatering, drainage, and auxiliary seawater

(ASW)

• Access hatches within roof structure for equipment access

DD1N

Pump Station

DD1W

Project Highlights: Dewatering Pumps

Dewatering Pumps

• Large Sump Pit for Drydock Dewatering

• Two Service Pumps, 1 Standby (space for 4th pump)

• Each Pump: 45,500 GPM Capacity, 600 HP

• Mixed Flow Type Pumps

Dewatering Pumps

Project Highlights: Drainage Pumps

Drainage Pumps

• Tunnel system connects all three dry docks together for drainage

• Embedded drainage pipe along Center wall to service DD1E, connects to Drainage Sump in Pump Station

• Collection points along side of DD1N and DD1W to feed into Drainage Sump in Pump Station

• Three Service Pumps

• Each Pump: 5,000 GPM Capacity, 135 HP

• Submersible Type Pumps

Drainage Pumps

Project Highlights: ASW Pumps

ASW Pumps

• Service ASW system located in Utility Enclosure

• Three Service Pumps, 1 Standby

• Each Pump:

1,000 GPM Capacity, 105 HP

• Submersible Type Pumps

ASW Pumps

Project Highlights: Pump Station Controls System

Electrical/Controls

• Supports all three dry docks dewatering and drainage systems

• Manual and automatic valve operations

• Pumps valves for Dewatering and Drainage controlled locally through

SCADA

• Local control panel tied to existing Shipyard centralized system to monitor water levels.

Project Highlights: Utility Enclosure

DD1N

DD1E

DD1W

Berth 11

Project Highlights: Utility Enclosure

• Four story enclosure with overall Dimensions: 71’ x 64’

• Equipment located below grade, on each floor, and on the roof.

• Utilities serviced include:

• Cooling Towers (Roof)

• Pure Water (3rd Flr)

• High Pressure Air (2nd Flr)

• Electrical Equipment (Gnd Flr)

• Fire Protection Pumps (Gnd Flr)

• All services will extend from the enclosure into the center wall to service both dry docks.

Project Highlights: Utility Tunnel and Systems

Divided Utility Tunnel in Central Wall

• Divided tunnel, electrical separate from mechanical

• Contains: Power cabling systems, Dockside utilities (Fresh water, compressed and high pressure air, etc), and ASW piping

Electrical Tunnel

Mechanical Tunnel

Dry Dock 1N Dry Dock 1W

Project Highlights: Caissons

• Project includes installation of two identical caissons procured under separate contract

• Delivered to site when needed for P‐381

• Overall dimensions 77’ long x 16’ wide x 47’ tall

• Approximate Weight: 600 tons

• Steel hull structure with ballast tanks, operations floor, and weather deck

• Pumps and valves to support flood through, superflood, and ballasting capabilities

• Exterior Appurtenances include cleats, handrail, fenders, ladders, and access hatches.

Project Highlights: Caissons

Caisson

• 2 ‐ Main Ballast tanks

• 4 ‐ 36” ϕ Flood Thru Tubes

• 2 – 12” ϕ Main Ballast Tank Flood Pipes

• 2 ‐ 24” ϕ Super Flood Vertical Turbine Pumps – 60HP, 15,000 GPM capacity

• 2 ‐ 12” ϕ Main Ballast Tank Dewatering Pumps ‐ 40HP, 3,000 GPM capacity

• 4 – 10” ϕ Main Ballast Tank Vents

• Dehumidification System

Project Highlights: Dock Construction

Dock Construction General

• Each dry dock and the pump station/center wall each consist of 9 monoliths connected via tremie seals

• Precast entrance structure monolith

Shoring of Berth 1 and 11

• Shoring of Berth 1 and Berth 11 and excavation of foundation completed ahead of setting precast monoliths into place

Precast Center Wall Float‐In Monolith Construction

• Center Wall Monolith size: varies, largest piece 50’ long x 45’ wide x 60’ tall (approximate)

• Center Wall Monolith weight: varies, largest piece 3,500 tons (approximate)

• Transported/positioned with buoyancy tanks before being place and leveled

Precast Float‐In Dry Dock Floor Slab Monolith Construction

• Dry Dock Floor Slab Monolith size: varies, largest piece 80’ long x 60’ wide x 20’ tall (approximate)

• Dry Dock Floor Slab Monolith weight: varies, largest piece 3,700 tons (approximate)

• Transported/positioned with buoyancy boxes and boxed cofferdams before being place and leveled

• Tremie concrete connections to 4 drilled shafts, connections between precast monoliths and voids within monoliths

• Walls constructed within boxed cofferdam and topping slab placed in‐the‐dry

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

Gate 2 Main Gate

Dry Dock 1 Project

Site

Henderson Point

Prison Point

Building

Prison Annex

On Site Laydown Options

Henderson Point Precast Development Site

• ~7.0 acre site on the Shipyard outside of the CIA available for Contractor use (precast yard, laydown area, batch plant, etc.)

• Required Site Preparation by Contractor:

• Demolish Quarters Building

• Relocate Forklift Facility

• Installation of temp utilities (as required)

• Leveling of site

• Security Tower and access to be maintained

• Renovate Prison annex for storage for both contract and Shipyard

• No in‐water structures permitted and Berth 7B to be reinforced by Contractor prior to use.

Prison Area Material Handling

• ~4.0 acre site located behind the prison.

• Space can be utilized for:

• Decanting of dredge spoils

• Disposal of approved dredge spoils

• Provides direct access for materials barged from the DD1 area

• No in‐water structures permitted

Building 191

• Former barracks, currently unoccupied

• Options to convert into contractor office space or housing space

• Renovations include: general remodeling, life safety upgrades, etc

Building

Prison Annex

Prison Annex

• Currently unoccupied

• Option for storage space

• Renovations include:

elevator installation, floor, window, and roof repairs.

• Use of Henderson Point is contingent on renovation of annex to move Shipyard equipment out of the Henderson Point

Project Phasing – Overview

• Contractor’s work on P‐381 will have time, location & activity constraints that will affect timing and productivity of the work

• These constraints arise from three main sources:

• Normal Shipyard operations – fire lanes, crane operations, utility services

• Regulatory compliance – Work hours, noise‐generating activities (both on‐land & in‐water), handling of dredged material for disposal

• Vessel‐ specific maintenance – standoff distances, prohibition dust or vibration generating activities at certain times/locations

• Constraints vary inside the CIA boundary (red line) and outside

• NAVFAC and the Shipyard are committed to working cooperatively with the Contractor to minimize disruptions to both submarine and contract work

Phasing – General Timeline

Phase 1 – Project Mobilization: Spring 2021 – March 2022

• Work at Henderson Point, Prison Point, Bldg 191, and Prison Annex can begin immediately following Shipyard coordination completed.

• Land‐side work on site utilities in the rail turn‐out area and along DD1 can begin immediately but will be constrained by blasting supported under P310

• In‐water work in the DD#1 Basin can begin March 1, 2022

Phase 2‐ DD#1N Completion: March 2022 – July 2024

• DD#1N and all support functions (center wall, pump station, utility enclosure, utility services, crane rails, etc) are required to be completed and certified

Phase 3‐ DD#1W Completion: July 2024 ‐ February 2026

• DD#1W and all remaining contract scope items are required to be completed and certified

Major Milestones Timeframe

Complete and Certify Dry Dock #1N July 2024

Complete and Certify Dry Dock #1W February 2026

Phasing – Space Breakdown

Landside – Topside berth areas, rail turn‐out, utility enclosure area, etc

Waterside – Space within the basin area and along the berths

Outside CIA Areas ‐ Henderson Pt, Prison Pt, Bldg 191, Prison Annex

Phasing – Milestone Summary

Milestone Approx. Timeframe DD#1 Basin ‐ Landside DD#1 Basin – In‐Water Outside CIA Areas

1. Mobilization NTP to Feb 2022 Work Allowed Work Restricted Work Allowed

2. Interim Milestone Feb 2022 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

3. Restricted Construction Window

Mar 2022 to Oct2023 Work Restricted Work Restricted Work Allowed

4. Interim Milestone Oct 2023 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

5. Construction Window Oct 2023 to Dec 2023 Work Allowed Work Allowed Work Allowed

6. Interim Milestone Dec 2023 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

7. Interim Milestone Dec 2023 to Aug 2025 Work Restricted Work Restricted Work Allowed

8. DD1N Certified July 2024 Work Allowed Work Allowed DD1W side Work Allowed

9. Construction Window July 2024 to Sept 2025 Work Allowed Work Allowed DD1W side Work Allowed

10. Interim Milestone Aug 2025 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

11. Construction Window Aug 2025 to Dec 2025 Work Allowed Work Allowed DD1W side Work Allowed

12. Interim Milestone Sept 2025 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

13. Interim Milestone Dec 2025 Work Allowed No Work Allowed Work Allowed

14. Restricted Construction Window

Dec 2025 to Aug 2027 Work Restricted Work Restricted Work Allowed

15. DD1W Certified Feb 2026 Close‐out work Completed Close‐out Work

DD#1 Basin – Landside/Waterside Work Restriction

1. Work Restriction During Vessel Overhaul – Overhaul Stage 1 – first several months restriction in dock Overhaul Stage 2 ‐ restrictions expand to grey area. No dust producing work permitted in grey area.

Overhaul Stage 3‐ reduce back down to just dry dock.

2. Repeats over duration of contract with each overhaul

Phasing Key

1. Rail Turn‐out and Utilities

2. Dry Docks

3. DD1E Pumpwell

4. Berth 11

5. Berth 1 and Utilities

6. DD1 Utilities

DD#1 Basin – In- Water Requirements

1. Noise generating work within NMFS regulations, not to commence prior to March 2022.

2. Contractor must provide superflood capability in support of each interim milestone listed.

3. No work in basin area during interim milestones. Partial demob required for 1‐2 weeks

Acquisition Strategy

Philip Cole Contracting Officer, One-Phase (Two-Step) Design-Bid-Build Procurement

– Best Value Source Selection (BVSS) using Trade-Off Procedures.

– Evaluated on Non-Price Factors and Price :

1 - Corporate Experience (Step 1) 2 - Management Approach and Schedule (Step 1) 3 - Safety (Step 1) 4 - Past Performance (Step 1) 5 - Small Business Utilization (Step 2)

• Price (Step 2)

–The relative importance of 1, 2, 3 and 5, when combined, is equal to the performance confidence assessment rating (4). All non-price factors, when combined, are approximately equal to price.

– Note: Dates and acquisition strategy are still in refinement, and subject to change.

Source selection evaluation factors will be specifically defined in each solicitation.

Acquisition Strategy

Best Value with Tradeoffs Process

• FAR 15.1 (b) Competitive acquisitions – proposals will be evaluated in an impartial and comprehensive manner, ultimately leading to the selection of the proposal that represents the best value to the Government.

–Best value - the expected outcome of an acquisition that, in the Government's estimation, provides the greatest overall benefit in response to the requirement.

• FAR 15.101-1 – Tradeoff process –Allows award of the project to be made to an offeror other than the lowest priced or other than the highest technically rated.

–The tradeoff process permits cost, price, or past-performance (or any combination thereof) to be used to justify award to an offeror who may not have the lowest priced proposal.

–The perceived benefits of the higher-priced proposal must merit the additional costs.

• FAR 15.305 – Proposal Evaluation –Lays out the process that will be used to evaluate proposals under this solicitation.

Non-Price Factors – Corporate Experience

RELEVANT PROJECT EXPERIENCE

Submit a minimum of one up to a maximum of five relevant construction projects for the offeror that best demonstrates your experience as a prime contractor on relevant projects that are similar in size, scope, and complexity to the RFP completed in calendar years 2011 thru 2020. For the purposes of this evaluation, a relevant project is further defined as:

Size: A final construction cost of $100,000,000 or greater.

Scope: New construction, renovation, or repair of large waterfront facilities including, piers, bulkheads, wharfs, quaywalls, dry docks, bridges, water-retaining structures (locks or dams), off-shore fixed production facilities, or other large marine structures.

New construction, renovation, or repairs of buildings or buildings located on the waterfront will be considered Not Relevant.

Complexity: Experience with 1.) installation of marine deep foundation systems such as drilled shafts or rock socketed structural supports; 2.) marine pile driving such as sheets piles, steel piles, concrete piles, or pre-cast concrete piles; 3.) complex, tightly controlled scheduling, sequencing and/or phasing requirements; and 4.) executing projects in highly congested, urban, or industrial areas with limited construction laydown space.

Non-Price Factors – Management Approach & Schedule

NARRATIVE WORK PLAN

The narrative work plan shall address major elements of work and demonstrate understanding of the scope, all phases and major milestones, technical complexities, and construction schedule required to achieve the work as identified in the solicitation.

Identify activities that may affect the project timeline, including other/off site work activities. In addition, the plan shall address the following technical complexities:

• Phased construction dock structure around Shipyard operations

• Precast construction of the entrance to meet tolerances

• Dredging within the footprint while not impacting adjacent structures or systems

• Construction utility enclosure and connections to existing utility systems

• Procurement of specialty/unique rail components to meet the project milestone dates

Non-Price Factors – Management Approach & Schedule

CRITICAL PATH/MILESTONE SCHEDULE

The project schedule shall illustrate the offeror’s ability to achieve or improve on the contract completion date set out in the RFP including interim completion milestones. The schedule shall demonstrate an understanding of the work, a logical sequence of events to accomplish the work, and contain enough information to identify all of the major milestones, as defined in the RFP.

Non-Price Factors – Safety

• Offerors will provide the last three complete calendar years of EMR, DART and TRC data.

• Offerors will provide a narrative addressing technical approach to safety that addresses the following:

- Method of evaluating safety for subcontractors

- Innovative methods to assure safety

- Description of Safety Management System

- Methodology to execute an effective safety program.

• In addition, the Government will research potential Offeror’s ESAMS and OSHA violations/fines.

Non-Price Factors – Small Business Utilization

• Offerors will provide copies of the most current Individual Subcontracting Reports (ISR’s) associated with each project submitted under the Experience Factor.

• Offerors will provide Small Business and Commitment Strategy which addresses the percentage of work to be self performed as well as anticipated overall small business participation rates to include explanation of how proposed participation rates are established.

Non-Price Factors – Past Performance

• Offerors will submit a completed Past Performance Questionnaire or CPARS evaluation for each project submitted under the Corporate Experience Factor.

• In addition, the Government will review the Past Performance Information Retrieval System using all CAGE/Entity identifier numbers of team members (partnership, joint venture, teaming agreement) to review CPARS, CCASS, etc.

BREAK

Nate Maher Supervisory Engineer

NAVFAC MIDLANT

Linn Lebel Design Manager

NAVFAC MIDLANT

Kimberly Kahler Chief of the Contracting Office

NAVFAC MIDLANT

Phil Cole Supervisory Contract Specialist Contracting Officer

NAVFAC MIDLANT

Mike Govoni Principal/Design Manager Stantec Consulting Services Inc.

Question and Answer Panel

Closing Remarks