BASH_Plan_910_2010 final.pdf

325TH FIGHTER WING (AETC)

TYNDALL AFB FLORIDA 32403-5552

15 JAN 2008

UNCLASSIFIED / FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

325th

FIGHTER

WING

BIRD AIRCRAFT

STRIKE HAZARD

PLAN 910

OPR: 325 FW/SEF

TYNDALL AFB FL

MEMORANDUM FOR SEE DISTRIBUTION (Annex Z)

FROM: 325 FW/XPO

SUBJECT: Tyndall AFB Plan 910

1. Attached is the 325th Fighter Wing Plan 910. This plan replaces the 325th Fighter Wing Plan 910 dated 1 Jun 03 and provides guidance for reducing the wildlife strike hazard where Tyndall AFB conducts normal flying operations.

2. This plan is effective for planning upon receipt and for implementation when directed by the

Commander, 325th Fighter Wing. All addressees should advise 325 FW/SEF of any factors that may prevent the execution of this plan as presented herein. Submit recommendations for changes within 30 days after receipt of this document.

3. Elements of this plan were coordinated with tasked associate units.

4. Supporting plans are not required. This plan will be reviewed initially upon receipt and annually in

December by each agency and level of command tasked by/or responsible for inputs to this document.

Substantive comments will be forwarded to 325 FW/SEF and the ―Record of Annual Review‖ signed.

5. All changes must include the date of the basic plan. The office of primary responsibility (OPR) for this plan is 325th Fighter Wing Flight Safety (325 FW/SEF, DSN 523-4966, FAX DSN 523-9021).

Lee A. Wynne, Maj, USAF

Chief, Wing Plans Readiness

Attachment:

Plan 910 (15 Jan 2008)

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

AIR EDUCATION AND TRAINING COMMAND

TYNDALL AFB PLAN 910

DISTRIBUTION CHANGES

MEMORANDUM FOR 325 FW/XP

FROM: ______________

SUBJECT: Request for change in BASH Plan distribution

1. This headquarters/office/units is in receipt of ______ copy(s) of subject document.

2. Request that our distribution be amended as follows:

_________ be excluded from distribution.

Increase _____ number of copies to _____.

Decrease _____ number of copies to _____.

Change address/office symbol from ________ to ________.

3. Remarks:

(Signature Block of Authorized Rep)

NOTE: Complete and return to the above address ONLY if there are changes and/or comments.

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS/CHANGES/ANNUAL REVIEW

1. The long title of this plan is the Tyndall Air Force Base Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan 910. The short title is the Tyndall AFB Plan 910.

2. This document is UNCLASSIFIED and designated ―FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.‖

3. Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is limited to the preparation of supporting directives, operating instructions, or checklists. Complete plans may be obtained through 325 FW/SEF.

4. The provisions of AFI 10-701, Operations Security (OPSEC) program, AFI 33-211, Communications Security

(COMSEC) Policies, Procedures and Instructions, and AFI 31-401, Information Security, were considered during formation of this plan.

5. All changes will be posted as they are received and recorded.

RECORD OF CHANGES

CHANGE NO. AND DATE DATE POSTED POSTED BY/OFFICE SYMBOL

RECORD OF ANNUAL REVIEW

REVIEWED BY DATE OF REVIEW REMARKS

i

PLAN SUMMARY

1. PURPOSE: To provide a base program designed to minimize local and transient aircraft exposure to potentially hazardous wildlife strikes at or near Tyndall AFB.

2. CONDITION OF EXECUTION: This plan is based on hazards from both indigenous wildlife populations and seasonal bird migration. Implementation of specific portions of the plan is continuous, while other portions require implementation as dictated by bird activity.

3. OPERATIONS TO BE CONDUCTED:

a. Specific operations include:

(1) Establish a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG).

(2) Develop procedures for reporting hazardous wildlife activity and altering/discontinuing flying operations as appropriate. Establish bird watch condition codes and implementation procedures.

(3) Create provisions to disseminate information to all assigned and transient aircrews on specific wildlife hazards and procedures for avoidance.

(4) Conduct actions to eliminate or reduce environmental conditions that attract wildlife to the airfield.

(5) Determine Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) and procedures to disperse wildlife on the airfield.

(6) The establishment of a system to document wildlife hazards and/or strikes on the airfield and the effectiveness of frightening/dispersal devices and eradication.

b. Tasked organizations: As listed in ANNEX A.

c. Supporting plans are required.

4. KEY ASSUMPTIONS: None.

5. OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS: None

6. TIME TO COMMENCE EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS: The plan will become effective upon receipt and will be utilized continuously.

7. COMMAND RELATIONSHIP: Normal

8. LOGISTICS APPRAISAL: This plan is logistically supportable.

9. PERSONNEL APPRAISAL: This plan is feasible based on personnel requirements.

10. CONSOLIDATED LISTING AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SHORTFALL OF LIMITING FACTORS:

None.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Memorandum of Transmittal

Distribution Change/Remarks Memorandum

Security Instructions/Changes/Annual Review ……………………………………………… i

Plan Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………. iii thru iv

Terms/Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………. v

Basic Plan ……………………………………………………………………………………. BP-1 thru BP-3

ANNEX A - TASKED ORGANIZATIONS A-1

ANNEX B - OPERATIONS (TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES) B-1 thru B-10

ANNEX C - AIRFIELD WILDLIFE HAZARDS C-1

Appendix 1 - Current Hazards C-1-1 thru C-1-3

Appendix 2 - Current Reduction Procedures/Techniques C-2-1

Appendix 3 - Background on Wildlife Hazards C-3-1 thru C-3-5

ANNEX K - BIRD HAZARD WARNING SYSTEM K-1 thru K-3

ANNEX L - WILDLIFE DEPREDATION PLAN L-1 thru L-3

Appendix 1 - BASH Shooting Safety Briefing L-1-1

Appendix 2 - Bird Depredation List L-2-1

Appendix 3 - Depredation Permit Statement of Understanding L-3-1

Appendix 4 - Depredation Log L-4-1

Appendix 5 - Depredation Checklist L-5-1

ANNEX M - MAPS AND CHARTS M-1

Appendix 1 - Vegetation and Habitat Map M-1-1

Appendix 2 - Surrounding Area Map M-2-1

Appendix 3 - Low-Level/Auxiliary Field/ Range Map M-3-1

ANNEX S - BIRD AWARENESS MODEL (BAM)/

AVIAN HAZARD ADVISORY SYSTEM (AHAS) S-1 thru S-2

Appendix 1 - BAM Model Sample S-1-1

Appendix 2 - BAM Model Legend S-1-2 iii

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

ANNEX Y - WILDLIFE STRIKE PROCEDURES Y-1 thru Y-2

Appendix 1 - AF Form 853, Bird Strike Report Y-1-1 thru Y-1-2

ANNEX Z - BIRD HAZARD WORKING GROUP AND DISTRIBUTION Z-1

Appendix 1 - Distribution Z-1-1

NOTE: ANNEX D,E,F,G,H,I,J,N,O,P,Q,R,T,U,V,W,X ARE NOT USED

iv

TERMS/ACRONYMS

AM Ops Airfield Management Operations

AGL Above Ground Level

AHAS Avian Hazards Advisory System

BAM Bird Avoidance Model

BASH Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard

BWC Bird Watch Condition

BHWG Bird Hazard Working Group

COMSEC Communication Security

CP Command Post

IAW In Accordance With

OPSEC Operation Security

PIREP Pilot Report

PRECON Pre-construction Briefing

QRC Quick Reference Checklist

RAPCON Radar Approach Control

SOF Supervisor of Flying

USDA/WS United States Dept. of Agriculture / Wildlife Services

Wildlife Undomesticated birds, insects, mammals, and reptiles v

BASIC PLAN

REFERENCES.

a. AFI 91-202/AETC Sup 1, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program

b. AFI 91-204/AETC Sup 1, Investigating and Reporting US Air Force Mishaps

c. AFI 32-7064, Integrated Natural Resources Management

d. AFI 13-213, Airfield Management

e. AFI 32-1053, Pest Management Program

f. FAA Order 5200

g. AFI 91-202, USAF Mishap Prevention Program

h. Field Guide to Regional Birds

i. AFI 32-1026, Planning and Design of Airfields

j. USAF BASH Team

HQ AFSC/SEFW

9700 Avenue G, SE, Bldg. 24499

Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5671 http://www-afsc.saia.af.mil/AFSC/Bash/home.html

k. AFPAM 91-212, Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques

1. SITUATION:

a. An aircraft strike hazard exists at Tyndall AFB and its vicinity due to resident wildlife and migratory bird species. Daily and seasonal movements along with changing plant growing conditions may create various hazardous conditions. This plan establishes procedures to minimize the hazard at Tyndall AFB. No single solution exists to this BASH problem, and a variety of techniques and organizations are involved in the control program. This plan is designed to:

(1) Establish a bird hazard working group (BHWG) IAW AFI 91-202 and designate responsibilities to its members.

(2) Establish procedures to identify potential wildlife strike hazards.

(3) Establish aircraft and airfield operating procedures to avoid strike hazard situations.

(4) Provide a framework for disseminating information to all assigned and transient aircrews on wildlife hazards, and procedures for avoidance and reporting.

(5) Establish guidelines to decrease the airfield attractiveness to wildlife by eliminating, controlling, or reducing environmental factors that support them.

(6) Provide guidelines for dispersing wildlife when they are present on the airfield.

BP-1

(7) Identify organizations / OPRs with authority to upgrade, initiate, or downgrade Bird Watch Conditions.

b. AIRFIELD AND LOCAL AREA: Tyndall AFB occupies 29,276 acres in Bay County Florida, on a narrow peninsula approximately 18 miles long and one to three miles wide. The mean elevation of the base is 3 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Tyndall AFB is drained into several natural creeks, drainage ditches and by tidal action. There are approximately 23,348 acres unimproved land, 1,084 acres semi-improved land and 4,844 acres improved land. There are 213 acres of lakes (including 11 fishponds), 18 miles of beaches on the Gulf of

Mexico, and 110 miles of bays and bayous surrounding Tyndall AFB on the south, west, and north. The primary vegetation adjacent to the main runways is Bahia grass. The drone runway and facilities are located 2 miles to the east. The vegetation in the underdeveloped areas at the west end of Tyndall AFB is Slash Pine and

Sand Pine with some Sand Live Oak, Live Oak, and some undergrowth of Saw Palmetto and Runner Oak. At the East End, the vegetation is primarily Long Leaf Pine and Slash Pine with thick undergrowth of Saw

Palmetto, Gallberry and Wire Grass. The golf course is located approximately four miles southwest of the runways, one mile south of the extended runway centerline. The sewage disposal plant is approximately two miles northwest of the runways on the extended runway centerline. The shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico, East

Bay, and St. Andrew Bay runs irregularly under the downwind and turn-to-final of the Visual Flight Rules

(VFR) traffic pattern. The forested areas, the grasslands on the airfields, ponds, and shoreline provide a large variety of habitats capable of supporting birds and animals hazardous to aircraft.

c. ENROUTE/TRAINING AREA/GUNNERY RANGES/LOW-LEVEL ROUTES: Aircraft flying out of

Tyndall AFB generally use northwest Florida as the primary en route and low-level areas. The training areas are over the Gulf of Mexico and north through southeast of Tyndall AFB, out to 100 NM. The low-level training area covers a large area of Northwest Florida, north and east of Tyndall AFB from 500 to 4000 feet

MSL. The area is woodland with several lakes and swamps. The Apalachicola River passes through the middle of the low-level area. The entire area supports all types of bird activity, which is potentially hazardous to aircraft.

2. EXECUTION: Concept of Operations:

(1) Reducing the wildlife strike hazard at Tyndall AFB requires a cooperative effort between several base organizations. The OPR for coordinating this plan is the 325 FW flight safety.

(2) The Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG)

(a) Function. Collects, compiles and reviews data on wildlife strikes, identifies and recommends actions to reduce hazards. Recommends changes in operational procedures. Prepares informational programs for aircrews. Assists the commander by acting as a point of contact for off-base BASH issues.

(b) Authority. The BHWG submits all recommendations to the Wing CC for approval.

Implementation is through the normal chain of command.

(c) Composition. The chairperson will be the vice wing commander or equivalent. As a minimum, the group will consist of a representative from Wing Flight Safety, Operations Group Commander, Standardization/Evaluation, Airfield Management, Civil Engineering Squadron (Commander, Operations, Natural Resources, Environmental), USDA/WS, associate units, and representatives from other tasked organizations (SEE ANNEX Z)

(d) Meeting Schedule. Semiannually or as requested by members of the BHWG who have identified a problem and has been approved by the chairman of the BHWG. Recommended months for the meetings are March and September. The BHWG should consider the increased strike potential from

November to May, and use the semiannual meetings to address initiatives that enhance BASH program effectiveness. Additionally, BASH concerns are addressed throughout the year during quarterly joint airfield inspections, and Airfield Operations Board meetings. These meetings serve as avenues to

BP-2

convene the BHWG and for BASH concerns arising from construction projects, dramatic increases in wildlife activity, or severe weather that influences migratory routes and the local environment.

(3) Tasks. ANNEX B outlines the general and continuing tasks and responsibilities for each organization.

ANNEX K gives specific operational procedures for varying bird hazard conditions.

3. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS:

a. Administration: Normal

b. Logistics: Normal

4. OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS: None.

5. COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS: Normal.

DARRYL L. ROBERSON, Brig Gen, USAF

Commander, 325th Fighter Wing

ANNEXES:

ANNEX A - Tasked organizations

ANNEX B - Operations (Tasks and Responsibilities)

ANNEX C - Airfield Wildlife Hazards

ANNEX K - Bird Hazard Warning System

ANNEX L - Wildlife Depredation Plan and Procedures

ANNEX M - Maps and Charts

ANNEX S - Bird Awareness Model (BAM)/Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS)

ANNEX Y - Wildlife Strike Procedures

ANNEX Z - Distribution

BP-3

ANNEX A to Tyndall AFB Plan 910

TASKED ORGANIZATIONS

ORGANIZATION

325 FW CC/CV

325 FW/SE/SEF

325 FW/CPM

325 FW/PA

325 OG/CC

Supervisor of Flying (SOF)

325 OG/OGV

325 OSS/CC

325 OSS/OSA

325 OSS/OSAT

325 OSS/OSAA

2 FS/CC

2 FS/SE

95 FS/CC

95 FS/SE

43 FS/CC

43 FS/SE

325 MXG/CC

325 AMXS/CC

325 MXS/CC

325 MOS/CC

325 MXG/MXQ FOD Manager

325 AMXS/MXAA

325 AMXS/MXAB

325 AMXS/MXAC

325 MSG/CC

325 CES/CC

325 CES/CC/CEANN

325 SFS/CC

325 SVS/SVRA

53 WEG/CC/SE/SEF

82 ATRS/CC

83 FWS/CC

Del Jen/Chugach

King Aerospace

USDA/Wildlife Services

A-1

ANNEX B, Tyndall AFB Plan 910

OPERATIONS (TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES)

1. WING/COMMANDER (325 FW/CC):

a. Promotes and emphasizes a BASH program geared to reducing the possibility of wildlife strikes.

b. Ensures wing personnel implement this plan.

c. Approves recommendations of the BHWG.

d. Obtains resources necessary to ensure an effective BASH program.

2. VICE WING COMMANDER (325 FW/CV):

a. Chairs Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) meetings.

b. Coordinates with tasked agencies to ensure execution of this plan.

3. OPERATIONS GROUP COMMANDER (325 OG/CC):

a. Ensures guidelines are in place for declaring, disseminating, and terminating bird watch conditions on

Tyndall AFB, training areas, and low-level routes (ANNEX K).

b. Issues specific guidance and flying restrictions for aircrews and the Supervisor of Flying (SOF) on procedures to be followed under each bird watch condition (ANNEX K).

c. Issues specific guidance to the command post concerning actions required to implement this plan

(ANNEX K).

d. Ensures aircrews that observe increased bird activity contact the SOF.

e. Ensures all proposed new low-level routes and training areas, or changes to existing routes or areas are reviewed for BASH potential.

f. Makes operational changes to avoid areas and times of known hazardous bird concentrations, mission permitting. Considers the following during periods of increased bird activity:

(1) Raise pattern altitude.

(2) Change pattern direction to avoid bird concentrations.

(3) Make BASH awareness a special pilot briefing subject for any flight that takes off or lands within 1 hour of sunset or sunrise.

(4) Limit or prohibit formation takeoffs and landings.

(5) Depart pattern in trail; rejoin above 3000 ft AGL.

(6) Reschedule local training or transition elsewhere.

(7) Raise altitude en-route to low-level or training areas.

(8) Limit time on low-level routes to minimum for training requirements.

(9) Select low-level routes or training areas based on bird hazard data from HQ AFSC/SEFW (Bird

Avoidance Model and Avian Hazard Advisory System for low-level route analysis.)

B-1

(10) Split formation during recovery.

(11) Discontinue formation instrument approaches.

(12) Make full-stop landings.

4. MAINTENANCE GROUP COMMANDER (325 MXG/CC):

a. Issues specific guidance to maintenance personnel for reporting all discovered bird strikes on aircraft to maintenance operations control, quality assurance, and safety.

b. Ensures maintenance personnel complete the AF Form 853 (if bird strike is discovered after the aircrew has departed maintenance debrief), and that procedures are in place to forward the form to Flight Safety.

5. FLIGHT SAFETY (325 FW/SE):

a. Is the OPR for this plan.

b. Monitors base-wide compliance with this plan and ensures all wildlife strikes and hazards are reported IAW

AFI 91-202 and AFI 91-204.

c. Disseminates BASH data to the BHWG and flying units.

d. Provides the BHWG with the current BASH guidance from higher headquarters, the BASH team, and other agencies.

e. Conduct a BHWG meeting at least semi-annually, or sooner when deemed necessary by the BHWG chairperson.

f. Coordinates with aircrews and maintenance personnel for collecting of non-fleshy remains after strikes.

g.. Establishes and maintains a BASH program continuity folder with pertinent BASH information to assure continuity of knowledge with personnel turnover.

h. Establishes a bird hazard awareness program in conjunction with squadron flying unit safety representatives, to include information on local bird hazards, reporting procedures, and instruction on BAM/AHAS use.

i. Ensures aircrews participate in the BASH reduction program by promptly reporting all bird strikes and hazardous wildlife conditions.

j. Ensures associate units (if applicable) are familiar with BASH plan and are trained on reporting procedure.

k. Coordinate on all submitted AF Form 332s, Work Order Request, dealing with work being performed on or near the airfield.

B-2

6. STANDARDIZATION/EVALUATION (325 OG/OGV):

a. Review with OG/CC all proposed guidance for aircrew and the SOF on procedures to be followed under

Birdwatch conditions.

b. Review with 325 OG/CC all proposed new low-level routes and training areas or changes to existing routes/areas for BASH potential.

c. Monitor on a regular basis aircrew preflight briefings to ensure existing BASH is briefed. Ensure aircrew reference AHAS website and Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) during mission planning and brief operational risks involved with low-altitude flying.

d. Reviews with OG/CC potential operational changes to avoid areas and times of known hazardous bird conditions.

7. SQUADRON ASSIGNED FLYING SAFETY OFFICERS (SAFSO):

a. Brief aircrews to promptly report all bird strikes and hazardous conditions per this directive. Bird sightings should be reported to the SOF/Air Traffic Control (ATC) as soon as possible. The following information should be included:

(1) Call sign.

(2) Location.

(3) Altitude.

(4) Time of Sighting

(5) Type of bird (if known).

(6) Approximate number of birds.

(7) Behavior of birds (soaring, migrant, flying to or from a location, etc.)

b. Ensure bird activity data is readily available for briefing aircrews. The SOF will advise each unit of the daily bird condition. Each unit will post the bird condition on a status board and inform all aircrews of any change in status.

c. Ensure unit supervisors, to specifically include Supervisors of Flying (SOF), if applicable, are trained on the

Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) and Avian Hazard Awareness System (AHAS).

d. Ensure that the current bird activity data is available and briefed for each planned phase of flight (BAM, AHAS). Each phase of flight as required based upon mission.

e. Ensure that adequate supplies of BASH report forms are readily available for aircrews.

f. Brief aircrews on seasonal bird hazards and provide access to the BAM and AHAS on squadron mission planning computers. Videos, articles, and other information will be used, as appropriate, to maintain awareness.

g. Ensure cross-country briefings (if applicable) discuss wildlife hazards for the areas and airfields the aircrew will be using.

h. Ensure aircrews are aware of proper flight operations during ―bird watch alert‖ status and BWC LOW, MODERATE, and SEVERE (See Annex K).

B-3

8. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Wildlife Services (WS) a, Primary source for observing conditions that could create a wildlife hazard. Environmental conditions observed in the vicinity of runways that would attract birds (standing water and non-grassy areas) will be reported to Civil Engineers (325 CES/CC) and BHWG.

b. Coordinate with Flight Safety (325 FW/SEF), Base Operation, and maintenance personnel for collection of bird remains after aircraft strikes. All non-damaging bird strike reports will be entered into AFSAS by

USDA/WS. USDA/WS will be provided with a courtesy copy of damaging aircraft-bird strike reports entered into AFSAS by 325 th

FW/SEF. Sends any salvaged bird strike remains to: Smithsonian Institution, Natural

History Building, Division of Birds, ATTN: Carla Dove, NHBE 605 MCR116, 10 th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20560. The 325 FW maintenance operations center (MOC), 3-2340, and the 53 WEG safety office, 3-2134 will be notified of all bird remains discovered that may have been struck by an aircraft (to allow for unit notification as required).

c. Provide wildlife harassment and dispersal during normal contracted duty hours. USDA/WS will contact

Tyndall Tower for clearance prior to all wildlife dispersal or removal activities when near active runways.

During all other airfield dispersal/removal activities USDA/WS will contact AMOPS(325 OSS) before firing pyrotechnics or live ammo. AMOPS will then inform Tyndall Tower and Security Forces Squadron of location and activity (wildlife dispersal or removal).

d. Conduct a Wildlife Hazards Assessment (WHA) that will identify the wildlife patterns on Tyndall AFB. The assessment will meet the FAA CFR 139.337 requirements for a wildlife hazards assessment.

e. Conduct BASH Wildlife Surveys to monitor wildlife activity, recognize threats and provide options to mitigate activity. Notify safety personnel of any reported increase in wildlife activity.

f. Perform periodic airfield perimeter inspections during the hours of darkness to monitor deer populations near

Tyndall and Drone airfields. These inspections will be logged for trend analysis.

g. Maintain database of wildlife activities to be used to identify long term trends and provide comparative information for future survey results.

h. Will provide trapping skills to remove animals (raccoons, foxes, and coyotes,..etc.) from along Tyndall and

Drone airfields.

i. Will train new airfield management personnel on the proper and safe deployment of pyrotechnics, effective harassment techniques and bird identification.

9. CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON COMMANDER (325 CES/CC):

a. Provides natural resources representative to the BHWG to monitor and advise the group of environmental modification. In addition to being a participating member of the BHWG, provide representatives from Grounds, Heavy Repair, Entomology, and Natural Resources. These representatives will provide expertise in their related fields as it relates to the BASH program.

b. Develops procedures for removal or control of wildlife attractants.

c. Initiates surveys and writes environmental impact assessments and statements as required.

d. Corrects environmental conditions that increase BASH potential.

e. Uses land management practices that reduce BASH potential.

g. Modifies airfield habitat consistent with runway lateral and approach zone management criteria per AFI 32-

1026. Habitat reduction to reduce BASH beyond the 1000’ distance criterion is desired and will further reduce

BASH potential.

B-4

h. Incorporates the following practices into the base land management plan:

(1) Managing Grass Height. Maintain a uniform grass height between 7 and 14 inches. Determine mowing frequency as needed to maintain height requirements. Coordinate mowing with periods of low flight activity.

Cut grass before it goes to seed to discourage seed eating birds from utilizing the airfield. Long grass discourages flocking species from entering the airfield because reduced visibility disrupts inter-flock communication and flock integrity and also prevents predator detection. As a rule, do not permit grass to exceed 14 inches as high grass will attract some bird species and rodents, which attracts raptors (birds or prey).

(2) Bahia grass is a good monoculture for use in Florida as it is a warm season grass, resistant to draught, disease and insect attacks. It survives in a variety of soils from sandy to clay and other infertile, dry soils.

Requires some maintenance. The grass will thin out over time and has a low tolerance to many weed control herbicides. It does well in lawns and along highways, and its best used in sunny areas in warm humid regions.

Its roots extend to 8 feet deep.

(3) Controlling Broad-leaf Weeds. Keep broad-leaf weeds to a minimum on the airfield. Apply herbicides, as necessary, to achieve this. Broad-leaved weeds attract a variety of wildlife, may produce seeds or berries, and may limit grass growth. Civil Engineer Pest Management will reduce weeds by using Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) techniques and guidelines established in the MAJCOM approved Base Pest Management

Plan.

(4) Planting Bare Areas. Bare areas are frequently used by birds as resting sites— Areas identified by the Lead

Civil Engineer, BASH program manager, or the Airfield Manager as conducive to bird congregation and posing a BASH potential will be seeded with Argentina Bahia. In geographic locations where conditions do not support turf growth, such as in desert environments, it may be advisable to allow vegetation to remain in a natural state as disturbance may provide exotic conditions attractive to some forms of wildlife. Fertilizing. Selectively stimulate grasses to promote a uniform cover based on soil test results. Irrigation may be required to support turf growth for limited times

(5) Reducing Edge Effect. Edge effect refers to the highly attractive transition zone between two distinct habitat types (e.g., brush to grassland). Maintain the airfield as uniformly as possible to reduce this effect.

(6) Leveling of Airfield. Level or fill high and low spots on the field to reduce attractiveness to birds and prevent standing water. Areas requiring leveling on the airfield will be identified through coordination with the

Lead Civil Engineer and Natural Resources representative.

(7) Removing Dead Vegetation. Remove dead vegetation such as brush piles, grass clippings, etc., from the airfield to eliminate the cover it affords to wildlife.

(8) Removing Dead Birds and Animals. Remove dead birds or other animals from the field to avoid attracting vultures or other birds. Forward non-fleshy remains, which may be caused by collision with aircraft, to flight safety for identification.

(9) Controlling Pests. Invertebrates and rodents provide important food sources for birds. Civil engineering pest management section will periodically survey the airfield to include structures that historically attract rodents and reduce these pests when required. Pest Management will use IPM techniques and EPA approved methods to manage pest infestation throughout the airfield. Coordinate infestation elimination with the animal control section of the Wildlife Management Plan.

(10) Maintaining Culverts and Drainage Ditches. Regularly inspect culverts and ditches and keep them clear and obstacle free. Maintain ditch sides as steep as possible to discourage wading birds and emergent vegetation. Remove vegetation as often as necessary to maintain flow and discourage use by birds or other wildlife.

B-5

(11) Eliminating Standing Water. Eliminating standing water immediately is essential to avoid development of wetlands. Since wetlands are strictly controlled by federal and state laws, coordination with CE or EM is a must before making any modifications to airfield drainage. Coordination with the Lead Civil

Engineer is required prior to altering wetlands. Small ponds or puddles and some large bodies of standing water will be eliminated under the guidance of the lead civil engineer to reduce attractiveness to wildlife. Low spot and ditch maintenance is essential (5 and 9 above).

(12) Employing Erosion Control Vegetation. Use vegetation that is appropriate for the region and supports

BASH reduction philosophy.

(13) Controlling Waste Disposal. Landfills are the most significant attractant to hazardous bird species.

Operate disposal sites according to FAA guidelines and make sure they comply with state and federal laws.

Relocate landfills that do not meet FAA guideline criteria. If landfill relocation is not feasible, make the site as unattractive to birds as possible. Consider:

(a) Maintaining a small working face to minimize exposed wastes.

(b) Incinerating waste.

(c) Operating a landfill as a pit or trench to limit access to birds.

(d) Dumping waste at night or during non-flying periods.

(e) Covering waste material immediately.

(f) Restricting gulls and other birds with overhead wire barriers.

(g) Relocate putrescent wastes.

(h) Using bioacoustics and pyrotechnics to frighten birds away.

(14) Eliminate Roosting Sites. Control blackbird and starling roosts by vegetation management of roost sites where possible. Prune trees to reduce the number of perches available and remove entire trees or stands if necessary. Refer to the Land Management Plan and AFM 86-5 or AFI 126-2.

(15) Bird-proofing Buildings and Hangars. Pigeons, sparrows, and starlings frequently occur in buildings and hangars - exclude them. Denying access by screening windows, closing doors, and blocking entry holes is most effective. Individual building custodians are responsible for bird control in their buildings. Pest Management can be contacted for assistance. When necessary, consider:

(a) Pellet Guns. Shoot birds for a short-term solution. Experience has shown that all birds cannot be removed using this technique. Proper safety equipment and skilled personnel are necessary.

Pellets/BB’s pose a FOD hazards and should not be used in hangars with aircraft present or within 500 feet of aircraft movement areas.

(b) Netting. Install under superstructure to exclude pest birds from roosting areas. Ensure no gaps or holes are present for birds to get through.

(c) Trapping/Removal. Use large cage with food, water and other birds to trap pest birds. Birds can either be released away from the hangar or killed. Permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and

State Wildlife agency are required to kill most birds. (Permits are not required for rock doves

(domestic pigeons), starling, or house sparrows).

(d) Design Features. Consider structures with the support features located on the outside of the building to greatly reduce bird numbers. Consider this design when planning a new hangar.

B-6

(e) Door Coverings. Use netting or plastic strips suspended over the doors to exclude birds. Ensure no tears or holes are present which allow birds access to the hangar.

(f) Sharp Projections. Use in limited areas such as ledges, overhangs, or small places where birds cannot be allowed. Expense prohibits their use over the entire structure.

(g) Night Harassment. Use high pressure air or water to make hangars an undesirable roosting site.

Persistence is the key.

(16) Preventing Other Animal Hazards to Aircraft. Use appropriate trapping and exclusion methods for animals such as wild hogs. Consider fencing for deer control. Some species or individual animals may be removed by shooting. Coordinate with the Wildlife Management Plan (reference AFI 32-7064) and obtain appropriate permits.

(17) On days when active mowing operations will be taking place on the airfield, ensure the Grounds

Maintenance Foreman or representative notifies AMOPS to advise the SOF and ATC personnel.

(18) Provide representative to work with outside agencies when potential hazards arise outside of the base i.e.

dumps, slaughterhouses, etc.

(19) Do not make ―Dove Fields‖ within 5000’ of runway surfaces unless required to be ―open fields‖ for other mission requirements.

(20) Provide Airfield Management and Wing Flight Safety the most current maps and/or diagrams of habitat in the local areas that create a BASH potential.

(21) Ensure wildlife depredation permits are current.

(22) Airfield maintenance criteria diagram:

B-7

Clearcut every 25 years

Maintain

10. SUPERVISOR OF FLYING (SOF):

Per ANNEX K of this plan, the authority to declare bird watch conditions is vested with the SOF during normal flight operations. During all other periods, the Airfield Management, or their designated representative, is the declaring authority.

a. Declare, disseminate, and terminate applicable bird watch conditions (BWC) and/or animal hazards on

TAFB, training areas, and low-level routes. (SEE ANNEX K)

(1) Will use all forms of information (airborne aircraft, tower, transient alert, AM Ops, BAM/AHAS system, etc.) to determine BWC and then relay, by all means available, the BWC to local and transient aircrews.

(2) Will be declaring authority for bird watch conditions LOW and MODERATE (final authority for declaring bird watch condition SEVERE is the Operations Group Commander). Relay change in BWC to

AMOPS and each flying squadron.

(3) Ensure the QRC (if applicable) is run when BWC changes.

(a) Notifies AMOPS and/or USDA/WS to organize a bird dispersal team. This team will be activated at any time when birds on the airfield create hazardous conditions. The bird dispersal team will, as a minimum, have immediate access to bioacoustics and pyrotechnic equipment for bird dispersal. This equipment must be stored where readily available.

b. Be aware of active mowing operations on or near the airfield that result in increased bird activity, and change the bird watch condition as necessary (SEE ANNEX K).

11. AIRFIELD MANAGER (325 OSS/OSAA):

a. During normal airfield surveillance, airfield management will monitor wildlife populations, grass height, drainage ditches, etc., and report problems to the appropriate OPR for modifying the problem. Fill out and submit work orders as necessary to eliminate all discrepancies found during the periodic spot inspections.

These work order requests should be coordinated through Flight Safety and CES.

b. Notifies security police when significant bird scare activities will be necessary on the airfield.

c. Assumes SOF’s BASH duties when airfield is open for operation and SOF is not on duty.

d. Declaration of bird watch condition MODERATE or SEVERE by Airfield Manager should be based on the following:

(1) Information relayed by airborne aircraft.

(2) Observations made by and relayed to AMOPS by Tyndall AFB tower and transient alert personnel.

(3) Observations made by AMOPS personnel.

(4) Observations made by the on duty Flight Safety Officer (FSO), Flight Safety Non-Commissioned

Officer (FSNCO), or other personnel involved with daily flight operations (i.e. fighter squadrons).

e. Will ensure BWC is posted in AM Ops.

f. Will conduct daily airfield survey. Dead wildlife should be removed from the airfield. Wing safety or

USDA/WS should be immediately called to determine if they want carcasses for identification purposes.

B-8

(1) When remains are found within 200 ft of the runway centerline, AMOPS personnel will determine if any transient aircraft could have struck that wildlife. If it is determined that is a possibility, AMOPS personnel will immediately make every attempt to notify the departed transient aircraft by any means available (ATC channels, destination AMOPS, etc.) of the possibility unless another reason for the animal’s death is identified (i.e. predator take, different aircraft involved, etc.).

g. Fill out and submit work orders as necessary to eliminate all discrepancies found during the periodic spot inspections. These work order requests should be coordinated through 325 FW/SEF, and 325 CES (contractors).

h. Will have available Air Force Form 853’s for local and transient aircrews to fill out if a wildlife strike is encountered.

i. Develop procedures for briefing transient aircrew members of known wildlife hazards before departure and assisting transient aircrews that have experienced wildlife strikes in completing the AF Form 853.

j. Forward all completed Air Force Form 853’s to the wing Flight Safety Office.

k. Brief airfield contractors on responsibilities for bird control on or near the airfield during pre-construction

(PRECON) briefings.

l. Notify USDA/WS when bird dispersal is necessary. When WS are unavailable, Airfield Management will respond for bird dispersal. Airfield Management will, as a minimum, have immediate access to bioacoustics and pyrotechnic equipment bird dispersal. This equipment must be stored where readily available.

(1) PYROTECHNICS. Use pyrotechnics such as the 15mm bird banger/screamer siren cartridges that produce a secondary explosion to scare the birds from the area. Pyrotechnics are effective for dispersing most bird species and should also be used for deer, coyotes, and foxes.

(2) DEPREDATION. Occasionally, BASH ―shoots‖ should be used to eradicate nuisance wildlife that pose an immediate threat to the airfield. Depredation is important as a means of reinforcing other scare techniques. If wildlife are not occasionally eradicated, they become habituated to scare techniques, making them non-effective. For depredation procedures see ANNEX L. During normal duty hours, USDA/WS will be contacted to depredate wildlife which threatens airfield operations, human health/safety (3-9503).

IN AN EMERGENCY, request 325 SFS to dispatch an officer to kill wounded animals that pose a threat to airfield operations or flight safety.

m. If all available scare techniques prove to be ineffective and eradication seems necessary, Airfield

Management will contact the SOF and recommend this procedure.

n. If approved by the SOF, call the Natural Resource office for their mandated participation in the eradication process. When a Natural Resource representative is present with all necessary permits, AS A MINIMUM do the following to ensure proper notification and safe coordination:

(1) Obtain the necessary firearm(s) and ammunition.

(2) Obtain clearance from the tower for access to the airfield.

(3) Ensure that the tower has suspended all flying operations.

(4) Contact AMOPS and direct them to put out an eradication advisory via the secondary crash net if necessary.

(5) Confirm that the advisory was given.

(6) Proceed with eradication process.

(7) Remove all wildlife remains from airfield and dispose of properly.

B-9

(8) Notify AMOPS when the eradication/dispersal process is complete.

12. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) TOWER (325 OSS/OSAT):

a. Report observed wildlife activity to the SOF or Airfield Management as appropriate.

b. Issue bird advisories to aircrews as required. Ensure that bird watch conditions greater than LOW are placed on the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) broadcast.

c. Report observed wildlife activity that presents a hazard to flight operations to the duty SOF, or Airfield

Management if no SOF is on duty.

d. Provide USDA/WS and Airfield Management immediate access to the runway under bird watch conditions

MODERATE or SEVERE as required for dispersal actions (SEE ANNEX K).

e. Monitor unidentified raw-return radar targets for possible large-flock bird activity, and provide warning to pilots.

f. Recommends missed approaches or delayed takeoffs/landings when possible bird hazards appear on ATC radar or when observed wildlife activity presents an immediate hazard to those operations.

g. Reviews with OG/CC all proposed new low-level routes, transition routes, training areas and/or changes to existing routes/areas for BASH potential.

13. APPROACH CONTROL (325 OSS/OSAR): Military approach control will provide aircrews with bird activity information from radar data or pilot reports (PIREP’s) when applicable (i.e. aircrew reported bird activity on 10 mile final). Ref: FAAO 7110.65.

14. ASSOCIATE FLYING UNITS. The following associate units will provide a representative on the BHWG and support the base BASH program as appropriate. Responsibilities within the unit will mirror the responsibilities assigned in ANNEX B. Visiting aircraft may elect to process bird remains through the Smithsonian Institute, however, 325

SEF will receive a copy of AF Form 853 for all wildlife strikes.

a. 53 WEG

b. King Aerospace

c. Air 1 d.. Aero club (325 SVS/SVRA)

e. 82 ATRS/83 FWS

15. PUBLIC AFFAIRS (PA). Public affairs will participate as required and upon request will provide a public information program designed to inform base personnel, dependents, and the general public on the hazards and costs of uncontrolled bird activity and the measures being taken to minimize them.

16. WEATHER FLIGHT (325 OSS/OSW): Advises aircrews and SOF when possible bird targets appear on weather radar.

17. BASE MULTIMEDIA SERVICES:

a. Provides photographic services to document bird strikes and related activities as required.

b. Provides graphic support to publicize bird hazards and actions taken to minimize them as required.

18. SECURITY FORCES SQUADRON (325 SFS):

a. Dispatch adequate personnel to kill wounded animals on or near the airfield when requested by the SOF, Airfield Management, or Flight Safety. Coordination will be through 325th Natural Resources.

B-10

ANNEX C, TYNDALL AFB Plan 910

AIRFIELD WILDLIFE HAZARDS

1. GENERAL:

a. Purpose. This annex provides information on specific bird strike hazards, recommendations for countering each hazard, and general background information on wildlife hazards. Each area of information will be addressed in the following appendixes:

(1) Appendix 1. Current wildlife hazards at Tyndall AFB.

(2) Appendix 2. Current procedures/techniques used to eliminate/reduce current threats to airfield operations.

(3) Appendix 3. Background information on wildlife hazards.

b. Mission. See Basic Plan.

2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS. The intent of the BASH program is to reduce the hazards of wildlife to airfield operations. Procedures/techniques found in this plan will be followed to help reduce these hazards. An important part of evaluating these hazards is learning about local bird activities, species that cause hazards, locations of local bird refuges, daily bird movements, seasonal bird populations, potential airfield food sources for birds, etc. After defining the hazards, there are several active and passive techniques that can be successful in reducing bird populations. The following appendices will detail the information needed to evaluate current hazards

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APPENDIX 1 to ANNEX C to Tyndall AFB Plan 910

CURRENT WILDLIFE HAZARDS

1. PURPOSE: This section lists information that will be used to evaluate current wildlife hazards. This will include all species that cause a hazard, locations of local bird refuges, daily bird movements, seasonal bird populations, and possible attractants (AFI 91-202).

2. BIRD HAZARDS.

For each group the following nomenclature is in use – Seasonal appearance Sp – March to May, S – June to

August, F – September to November, W – December to February, R – resident (found year round); Seasonal abundance: a – abundant: numerous and widely distributed, c – common: should be seen or heard in suitable habitat, u – uncommon: present but not certain to be seen, o – occasional: seen only a few times during season, r – rare: seen at intervals of 2 to 5 years. Diurnal= day, nocturnal= night, crepuscular= active at dawn and dusk.

a. Blackbirds, Grackles, Cowbirds, Meadowlarks, and Starlings: R (c) diurnal: These birds are present in varying numbers on TAFB and account for some bird strikes during takeoff and landings. Large flocks of these birds occur during the winter months. Meadowlarks are upland birds attracted to grassy areas adjacent to the runways. In general, the flight pattern of these birds is less than 500 feet and they primarily pose a hazard during takeoff and landings.

b. Doves: R (c) diurnal: At times there are substantial numbers of doves on TAFB. Can be common on the edges of the runways, particularly after construction when an area is replanted or grit is created. Doves usually fly under 500 feet.

c. Goatsuckers (Whip-poor-will) Sp (c) S (c) F (u) crepuscular: These birds are insectivores and pose the greatest danger around lighted fields early in the morning and late in the day. They account for some bird strikes during night flying operations.

d. Grebes – Sp (u) S (u) F (c) W (c) migration nocturnal – These birds are primarily found swimming on bays, lakes and ponds, hazard greatest during migration usually at night.

e. Gulls/Terns: R (c) diurnal: TAFB does not have a population of gulls or terns on the airfield, although they do exist in substantial numbers along the gulf coast and frequently transient (overfly) the airfield in smaller numbers.

f. Herons, Egrets: Herons and Egrets R (a), Cattle egret Sp (c) S (c) F (c) W (u) diurnal - The herons and egrets are birds found along the edges of all types of open waters, hazard primarily is during times when birds are moving from one body of water to another, daytime. Cattle egrets are found in open grassy areas feeding on insects. Although the number of egrets is low on the airfield, their presence is virtually year round and pyrotechnics have been effective in dispersing occasional flocks that have appeared.

g. Loons – Sp (c) S (r) F (u) W (c) migration nocturnal – These birds are primarily found swimming on bay waters, hazard greatest during migration into and out of area usually at night.

h. Pelicans, Cormorants: Pelicans R (a), Cormorants Sp (a) S (c) F (a) W (a) diurnal – Pelicans found in bays and along coast, often seen in low to moderate numbers and at low levels (at or below 500 feet). Cormorants found in bays, lakes and ponds, often seen flying from one body of water to another in low to moderate numbers and at low levels (at or below 500 feet). Greatest hazard found in landing patterns.

i. Plovers: Killdeer R (c), Black-bellied plover Sp (c) S (o) F (c) W (u) diurnal, migration nocturnal: plovers are found in two distinct habitats, killdeer are found in upland habitats and as such can be found near the runways; can be found all year round and nest on the edges of the runways. Black-bellied plovers may be found during the spring and fall migrations in grassy areas with standing water. Heights should be less than 200 feet.

All other plovers are found along the coastal areas and pose little threat above 500 feet.

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j. Raptors (hawks, eagles): Osprey Sp (c) S (c) F (u) W (c); hawks Sp (c) S (c) F (c) W (c); eagles Sp (c) S (u)

F (u) W (c) diurnal - TAFB and the surrounding areas have resident populations of osprey. These territorial raptors are sometimes seen at altitudes of up to 500-700 feet near the approach and departure ends of the main runways. The TAFB resident population is small, although all aircraft must remain vigilant for these large birds

(particularly on hot days when the birds may reach higher altitudes on thermals).

k. Shorebirds: R (c) diurnal, migration nocturnal, highest numbers Sp and F: Normally TAFB does not have a population of these birds on the airfield, although they do exist in substantial numbers along the gulf coast.

l. Swallows Sp (c) S (c) F (c) W (c) diurnal: At least one or more species found throughout the year. These birds are present in varying numbers on TAFB and account for some bird strikes during takeoff and landings.

m. Turkey: R (c) diurnal: Wild Turkey are common to most areas of TAFB, occasionally show up in moderate numbers feeding along the airfield. These birds mainly pose a risk to aircraft landing and taking off at TAFB.

n. Vultures: R (c) diurnal: Vultures are common to most areas of TAFB, occasionally show up in moderate numbers and occasionally reach altitudes in excess of 500 feet, particularly on hot days when the birds may reach higher altitudes on thermals.

o. Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans): Wood duck R (c); all other waterfowl Sp (c) S (o) F (c) W (c) diurnal, migration nocturnal– The wood duck is found on freshwater ponds and lakes and typically flies very early and late during the day below 500 feet. Hazard low near airfield. Most other waterfowl in the immediate Tyndall area are diving ducks found along the coast and in the bays and lakes surrounding Tyndall. Transient flights at or below 500 feet of single to small groups from one body of water to another common during season. Hazard at relatively low altitudes exists during migrations into and out of general area particularly along major bodies of water.

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3. ANIMAL HAZARDS. While concern is mostly centered on birds, several mammalian species also pose threats to flight operations and must be considered. Close coordination with the wildlife management plan is necessary to reduce this type of hazard.

a. Deer. Members of the deer family are occasionally found on airfields. These species are browsers, preferring broad leaf weeds and twigs from shrubs and trees. Do not allow growth of these plants on the airfield. The presence of these plants in surrounding areas will serve to draw these animals from the airfield.

Tall fences (up to 15 feet) can discourage these animals from entering airfields, but due to expense, should only be used in serious cases. On-base hunting will also discourage the presence of deer species. Pyrotechnics should be used to frighten these animals when they are seen on the airfield. Tyndall AFB does not have fencing around the main runways. Deer populations are minimized by yearly ―special‖ hunts. Continued vigilance is necessary to identify deer herds that take up residence in areas near the flightline/runways.