Attachment 12- AFMAN91-203.pdf

AFMAN91-203_AFGM2019-01

3 September 2019

MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION __

MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs

FROM: AF/SE

SUBJECT: Air Force Guidance Memorandum to AFMAN 91-203, Air Force Occupational Safety, Fire and Health Standards

By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, this AF Guidance Memorandum immediately changes AFMAN 91-203, Air Force Occupational Safety, Fire and Health Standards.

Compliance with this Memorandum is mandatory. To the extent its directions are inconsistent with other Air Force publications; the information herein prevails, in accordance with AFI 33- 360, Publications and Forms Management.

In advance of a rewrite of AFMAN 91-203, the Attachment to this Memorandum is updated to provide guidance changes that are effective immediately. An asterisk (*) indicates newly revised material.

The Memorandum becomes void after one-year has elapsed from the date of this

Memorandum, or upon incorporation of an Interim Change or rewrite of AFMAN 91-203, whichever is earlier.

JOHN T. RAUCH, Maj Gen, USAF Chief of Safety

Attachment:

Guidance Changes

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

WASHINGTON, DC

AFMAN91-203_AFGM, 3 September 2019

Attachment Guidance Changes

The below changes to AFMAN 91-203, dated 11 December 2018, are effective immediately.

1.8. First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training. Initial first aid/CPR training shall be accomplished prior to assigning an individual duties where first aid/CPR are requirements of the position. (T-1). All employees requiring CPR training will receive refresher training before current CPR certification expires. (T-1). Unit CPR instructors may be trained by the local Medical Group or trained directly by the American Red Cross or American Heart Association.

Unit CPR instructors will, in turn, train unit personnel. (T-1). If CPR training is not provided by the host medical facility, any instructor receiving training directly from the American Red Cross or American Heart Association will be required to maintain the requirements and pay the costs related to maintaining that certification. (T-1). Training will also include Public Access Defibrillator training IAW AFI 44-177, Public Access Defibrillator Program. (T-1). Note 1: Self-aid and buddy care may be used to fulfill first aid training requirements; however, it does not cover CPR.

Employees performing duties with risk of severe cuts, burns or electrocution, or perform duties in remote locations away from emergency responders will have a plan for immediate medical response pending definitive transfer and care. (T-0). Note 2: Remote location is defined as emergency care that is more than three to four minutes from the workplace.

1.10. Process Safety Management (PSM) of Highly Hazardous Chemicals.

1.10.1. The Air Force implements 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, requirements to prevent or minimize consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable or explosive chemicals. The criteria in 29 CFR 1910.119 shall be used in its entirety for program implementation and application unless otherwise specified. (T-0). PSM also applies to explosives and pyrotechnics, which are defined in AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards.

1.10.3. Responsibilities. The installation Occupational Safety (SEG) office shall:

1.10.3.1. Serve as the focal point for implementing PSM procedures. (T-1).

1.10.3.2. Coordinate installation PSM program and ensure PSM requirements are followed. (T-0).

1.10.3.3. Assess installation operations and advise NAF/SE and MAJCOM/SE of the number and type of operations that fall under the PSM program. (T-1).

1.10.3.4. Lead installation PSM Program Team, which includes representatives from the installation Occupational Safety office, Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE), Hazardous Material Pharmacy (HMP) Program OPR (also called the installation Hazardous Material Management

Process team lead), Civil Engineering (CE), Environmental Management office, Fire Emergency Services (FES) Flight, Readiness Flights and all highly hazardous chemical users as defined in

29 CFR 1910.119. (T-1).

1.10.3.5. Ensure copies (or the location source) of OSHA-required PSM documentation are maintained for OSHA review for the life of the process. (T-0).

2.5.2.3. Modular office furniture electrical systems are normally designed only to provide power to office equipment, e.g., personal computers, monitors, printers, etc. Refer to 29 CFR 1910, Subpart S, Electrical, for additional guidance. Use of appliances for personal convenience, such as refrigerators, coffee makers, microwave ovens, will be requested through the facility manager prior to use to ensure the electrical system can safely accommodate the additional load. (T-2).

Facility managers shall contact their installation CE when assistance is needed. (T-2).

2.5.7. Facility floors, especially raised floors, shall be kept smooth, clean and free of obstructions and slippery materials. (T-0).

2.5.8. Raised floor spaces shall be divided in the same manner as the equipment spaces above the area they serve. (T-0).

2.5.9. Raised floor spaces shall contain a standard or ultra-sensitive smoke detection system in the same manner as the equipment spaces above the area they serve. (T-0).

2.5.10. Raised floor systems shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. (T-0).

2.5.11. Floors shall not be cleaned with flammable or combustible liquids. (T-0). Follow the manufacturer‘s and SDS guidelines when using cleaning agents for floors and facilities.

2.5.12. To prevent buildup of trash and foreign objects, sub-floors under raised floors shall be cleaned periodically, but not less than once every 60 days. (T-1). Sub-floors shall be inspected once each operational day to ensure no flooding or leaking is present, unless the sub-floor area is provided with an automatic water leakage detection system. (T-1). Note: Any change in facility or room use requires reassessment of the cleaning schedule.

2.5.13. Utility trenches shall be kept clean of foreign objects and inspected at least every 60 days. (T-1). If cleaning history shows a longer period between cleanings is feasible, the FES Flight may allow extending the time between cleanings. Note: Any change in facility or room use requires reassessment of the cleaning schedule.

2.11. Manual Material Handling. Accomplish a hazard assessment to identify risks to employees or property and methods to mitigate these hazards, prior to moving equipment or furniture. (T-1). Some possible exposures to mishaps include, but are not limited to:

2.11.1. Movable or detachable parts, such as doors or drawers which must be secured properly prior to moving. (T-1).

2.11.2. Remove items inside doors or drawers to lighten load and prevent shifting or falling hazards.

2.11.3. Secure cords, communication cables or other gear attached to the item to prevent tripping or snagging hazards.

2.11.4. For large or difficult to handle items, secure the load to the hand-truck or dolly with a cargo strap or other fastening device.

2.11.5. Paths of travel must be evaluated for conditions such as slopes, carpeting or other irregularities to ensure safe movement of items. (T-1).

2.11.6. Ensure pathways are cleared and the object being moved will fit through doorways or other required openings. (T-1).

2.11.7. Use more than one person if moving the load up or down slopes or stairs. Note: Team lifting will be used when items are considered to be too heavy for one person or when items are lifted from an awkward position or location. (T-1).

2.11.8. Choose the proper sized and designed dolly for the job.

2.11.9. If the use of an elevator is required, the size and weight of the item and manufacturer’s loading and weight limit requirements must be considered.

2.11.10. Evaluate the need for PPE.

2.11.11. Follow the guidelines in paragraph 2.6 for additional guidance on proper lifting.

4.4.3. Machinery/Equipment. Supervisors shall maintain manufacturer’s manuals for all machinery or equipment under their control or develop local operating instructions, to include job safety, maintenance, lubrication and inspection, and identify operator and maintenance technician responsibilities. (T-1). Supervisors may use manufacturer’s instructions to develop operating instructions or lesson plans to train operators on requirements of specific machinery.

Refer to 29 CFR 1910.212, General Requirements for All Machines, and 29 CFR 1910.263, Bakery Equipment, for additional guidance on machinery. Equipment connected by flexible cords, i.e., extension cords, shall be disconnected when not in use for extended periods of time or at the end of the work shift. (T-1).

6.2.1.6. Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting shall be provided IAW National Fire Protection Association 101, Life Safety Code. (T-0).

6.2.1.7. Data processing rooms located below floors equipped with water sprinkler systems are susceptible to water damage if the sprinkler systems are actuated. Managers shall provide a means of protecting data processing equipment in the event of a water leak or sprinkler activation (time permitting). (T-0). This may be accomplished by strategically locating pre-cut pieces of plastic sheeting within data processing rooms. In the event of a water leak or spill, equipment shall be shut down before it is covered with the plastic sheeting. (T-0). This will reduce the possibility of the equipment overheating and catching on fire. The plastic sheeting shall be removed before restarting equipment. (T-0).

6.2.1.8. A survey of each data processing facility by the installation CE shall be requested to determine if a water hazard exists. (T-1). The building custodian shall keep the completed survey on file and brief incoming personnel during initial safety orientation. (T-1).

6.2.4.4. Fire Extinguisher Purchase and Maintenance. Facility managers and using organizations shall budget for purchase and maintenance of fire extinguishers. (T-3). Note: Not applicable to flightline fire extinguishers.

6.2.4.5. All fire extinguishers shall meet the requirements of National Fire Protection Association 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguisher. (T-1). Note: This includes flightline fire extinguishers.

6.2.4.6. Worker Responsibilities. All employees are responsible for fire extinguishers in their work areas. They shall ensure fire extinguishers are readily accessible with unobstructed access and are used only for the intended purpose. (T-0). FES Flights shall be notified of any fire extinguisher discharge, accidental or intentional. (T-3).

6.2.4.6.1. Deleted.

6.2.4.6.2. Deleted.

6.2.4.6.3. Deleted.

6.2.4.7. Supervisor Responsibilities. Supervisors are responsible for fire extinguishers in areas under their control. They shall:

6.2.4.7.1. Perform visual inspections of fire extinguishers IAW paragraph 6.2.4.7. (T-0).

6.2.4.7.2. Take defective extinguishers to an authorized servicing location, as determined locally and coordinated with the installation FES Flight, for services. (T-0). Fire extinguishers removed from service shall be immediately replaced. (T-1).

6.2.4.7.3. Mount fire extinguishers in or on vehicles or equipment in approved brackets, or otherwise secure them, to prevent damage as directed by TO or other directive. (T-0). Note:

Vehicle fire extinguishers shall only be purchased with the approval of Vehicle Management to ensure the vehicle technical orders and AFIs require the vehicle to carry fire extinguishers. (T-1).

6.2.4.7.4. Deleted.

6.2.4.7.5. Deleted.

6.2.4.7.6. Deleted.

6.2.4.7.7. Deleted.

6.2.4.7.8. Deleted.

6.2.4.8. Visual Inspection. Managers and supervisors at all levels shall ensure a visual inspection is performed and documented monthly for all fire extinguishers under their control. (T-0).

Extinguishers with discrepancies shall be removed from service until repaired. (T-0). This inspection includes: (T-0).

6.2.4.8.1. Extinguisher located in a designated place.

6.2.4.8.2. No obstruction to access or visibility.

6.2.4.8.3. Operating instructions on name plate legible and facing outward.

6.2.4.8.4. Safety seals and/or tamper indicators not broken or missing.

6.2.4.8.5. No obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage or clogged nozzle.

6.2.4.8.6. Pressure gauge reading or indicator in the operable range or position.

6.2.4.8.7. For wheeled units, the condition of the tires, wheels, carriage, hose and nozzle checked.

6.2.4.8.8. Fullness determined by weighing or “hefting.”

7.4.2.5.5. Deleted.

8.5.6. Remote Disconnect Control circuits will comply with requirements found in NFPA 70.

(T-0).

8.11.5.2. Supervisors shall consult with installation occupational safety office to determine if insulating matting is required in their areas of responsibility. (T-3). This includes areas where potential shock hazards exist and additional protection is needed, floor resistance is lowered due to dampness and where employees are exposed to voltages of 50 volts or more. Refer to NFPA 70E, Article 130, Work Involving Electrical Hazards, for additional guidance.

9.1. Scope. This chapter addresses regulations and standards, acquisition, location and installation, maintenance, use and testing of emergency shower and eyewash units. Also included are performance specifications for both permanently-installed and self-contained units. Types of equipment covered are emergency showers, eyewash units, eye and face units, combination units, hand-held drench hoses and eyewash bottles.

9.2. Regulations and Standards.

9.2.1. OSHA Regulation.

9.2.1.1. General Requirements. IAW 29 CFR 1910.151(c) and 29 CFR 1926.50(g), Medical Services and First Aid, where the eyes or body of any employee may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of eyes and body shall be provided in the work area for immediate emergency use. (T-0).

9.2.1.2. Specific Requirements.

9.2.1.2.1. Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.111, Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia.

9.2.1.2.2. Telecommunications. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.268, Telecommunications.

9.2.1.2.3. Batteries and Battery Charging. Refer to 29 CFR 1926.441(a)(6).

9.2.2. UFC 3-420.01, Plumbing Systems.

9.2.2.1. Deleted.

9.2.2.2. Deleted.

9.2.2.3. Deleted.

9.2.3. American National Standards Institute/International Safety Equipment Association (ANSI/ISEA) Z358.1-2004, Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment.

9.3. Equipment - Acquisition.

9.3.1. Emergency shower and eyewash equipment may be locally and centrally procured. The procuring document shall include a requirement that the manufacturer has documented that their equipment meets or exceeds ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2004 specifications. (T-1).

9.3.2. Each request for emergency showers and/or eyewashes shall be evaluated by the installation Occupational Safety and BE offices to determine the need for the installation and proper location of units. (T-1).

9.3.2.1. Rationale for decisions shall be documented and maintained by the respective owner. (T-1).

9.3.2.2. The type of material used, its properties, how the material is dispensed, probability of injury, extent of potential injury and PPE available and used shall be considered in determining the need for the units. (T-0).

9.3.3. Self-contained Units. Units shall be constructed of noncorrosive materials and provide a minimum of 15 minutes continuous flow. (T-1). Stored fluid shall be protected against contaminants and temperature extremes. (T-1). Units may be filled with potable water or a solution approved by either the manufacturer or the installation medical services. Instructions and expiration dates shall be permanently affixed to the unit. (T-1).

9.3.4. Eyewash Bottles. Shall provide an immediate flushing to the eyes. Eyewash bottles are not a replacement for other types of emergency equipment. (T-1). These bottles may be filled with potable water or an eye-flushing solution, either approved by the manufacturer or by the installation medical services. Local procedures shall be developed to prevent these units from being exposed to extreme temperatures. (T-1). Instructions and expiration dates shall be permanently affixed to the unit, if applicable. (T-1).

9.4. Location and Installation.

9.4.1. Location.

9.4.1.1. Eyewash and emergency showers shall be located as near to the hazard as possible with maximum of 10 seconds or 100 feet unobstructed travel from the source of exposure to the unit.

(T-0).

9.4.1.2. Unobstructed means no objects, equipment, furniture or doors lie in the travel path.

(T-1).

9.4.1.3. Path will be well lit. (T-1).

9.4.1.4. The emergency shower and eyewash station will be clearly marked with appropriate signage. (T-1).

9.4.1.5. Recommend emergency shower and eyewash station be located near an emergency exit to allow easy access by emergency responders.

9.4.2. Installation.

9.4.2.1. Permanent plumbed in emergency showers and eyewash stations shall meet UFC 3-420-01. (T-1).

9.4.2.2. Installation must meet manufacturer’s requirements. (T-1).

9.4.2.3. Water pipes servicing the emergency shower and eyewash station shall be protected from freezing or hearting. (T-1).

9.4.2.4. Valves servicing the equipment shall be labeled to prevent inadvertent shut off. (T-1).

9.4.2.5. Water lines must be able to provide enough pressure to meet manufacturer’s requirements for that equipment. (T-1).

9.4.2.6. Water supply used will be free of contaminants and shall not be delivered at extreme temperatures. Temperature shall be maintained between 60o and 100oF. (T-1). This prevents injury to the eyes and ensures personnel will be able to continue to use the equipment and not stop due to temperature discomfort. (T-1).

9.4.2.7. Emergency shower and eyewash stations shall remain activated without the use of the operator’s hands on activated. (T-1). Activation of the equipment shall take one second or less.

(T-1). Once activated, it shall remain on until intentionally shut off. (T-1).

9.4.3. Deleted.

9.4.4. Deleted.

9.4.5. Deleted.

9.4.6. Deleted.

9.5. Maintenance and Testing.

9.5.1. Permanently-installed shower and eyewash units shall be activated by the supervisor weekly to verify operation and to reduce accumulation of bacteria/sediment for time period directed by the manufacturer. (T-1). Maintain manufacturer instructions with the unit. (T-1).

9.5.2. The supervisor or employee shall inspect unit(s) monthly IAW manufacturer’s instructions and document the inspection when completed. (T-1). Coordinate the inspection with weekly activation and thoroughly check for damage, scale accumulation or other defects as required by the manufacturer. Documentation shall be maintained to show date of inspection and name of individual performing the test. (T-0). This documentation may be kept in a log, computerized or affixed to the equipment by tag or label. Exception: Units installed at missile sites, not permanently manned, shall be tested and documented by the team chief during the most frequently performed periodic inspection established for that system. (T-1).

9.5.3. Self-contained units shall be tested and inspected IAW the manufacturer’s instructions and documented. (T-0).

9.5.4. Eyewash bottles shall be tested, refilled, maintained and disposed of IAW the manufacturer’s instructions. (T-0).

9.5.5. All units shall be inspected by the installation Occupational Safety office during the annual facility/workplace inspection for proper placement, installation and documentation of supervisory testing and operation. (T-1).

9.5.6. Installed units that no longer meet the criteria of the manufacturer’s instruction shall be evaluated by the installation occupational safety office for replacement or upgrade. (T-1).

9.6. Training. Workers shall be trained initially and annually thereafter on the location and proper use of the emergency shower and eyewash station. Training shall include:

9.6.1. Locations of each emergency shower and eyewash station in the work center. (T-1).

9.6.2. Ensuring the paths to the emergency shower and eyewash station remains clear and the equipment is properly maintained. (T-1).

9.6.3. Taking proper actions to assist personnel who are exposed and need to use the emergency shower and eyewash station, to include calling for medical assistance. (T-1).

9.6.4. Instructing workers on the proper way to use the station to wash the exposed area(s), i.e., how to get the water into their eyes in the most effective manner. (T-1).

11.3.1.4.3. Machine operators will not wear gloves during operations when manufacturer’s instructions specify that the wear of gloves will increase the chance of injury.

11.4.6. Exhaust Ventilation. Machines that develop fine dust and fumes must be evaluated by installation BE to safeguard workers. (T-0). Refer to AFMAN 48-146, Occupational and Environmental Health Program Management, and 29 CFR 1910.94, Ventilation, for additional guidance.

12.6.3.1. Acquisition. Overhead hoists shall meet design specifications, characteristics and rules of American Society of Mechanical Engineers B30.7, Winches, B30.10, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks and Slings, and B30.16, Overhead Underhung and Stationary Hoists. (T-0). When applicable, a system safety program shall be established. (T-1). Note: Nuclear-certified hoists must also meet requirements in AFMAN 91- 118, Safety Design and Evaluation Criteria for Nuclear Weapon Systems. (T-1).

12.7.2.3.1. Frequent Inspections. A visual inspection shall be performed by the operator or designated person prior to being used and during sling use, as warranted. (T-0). If damage, defects or abuse is detected, the sling shall be removed from service until periodic testing is done. (T-0). This inspection will be documented on AFTO Form 244. (T-1). Refer to paragraph

12.1.1 concerning use of paper forms and automated systems.

12.7.3.1.2. Hooks, rings, oblong or pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links or other attachments shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the alloy steel chain with which they are used. (T-0). The sling shall not be used in excess of the rated capacity of the weakest component. (T-0).

12.7.3.2.5.5. Cracked, deformed or worn end attachments. (T-0).

12.7.3.2.5.7. Corrosion of rope or end attachments. (T-0).

12.7.3.3.6. Metal mesh slings not impregnated with elastomers may be used from minus 20oF to 550oF without decreasing the working load limit. (T-0). Metal mesh slings impregnated with polyvinyl chloride or neoprene may be used only from 0oF to 200oF. (T-0). For operations outside these temperature ranges or for metal mesh slings impregnated with other materials, the sling manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed. (T-0).

13.1.1. General Industry. Fall protection shall be provided whenever employees can fall four (4) feet or more. (T-0). This four (4) foot rule applies to all walking and working surfaces and includes open-sided floors and platforms, wall openings and window wall openings at a stairway landing, floor, platform or balcony with a drop of four (4) feet or more. Refer to 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D – Walking-Working Surfaces, for additional requirements, and paragraph 13.2.4 for types of fall protection.

13.1.2. Construction Operations. Fall protection shall be provided when employees can fall six (6) feet or more during construction operations. (T-0). This six (6) foot rule applies to all walking and working surfaces, including roofs, open-sided floors and platforms, wall openings and window wall openings at a stairway landing, floor, platform or balcony with a drop of six (6) feet or more.

Refer to 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M – Fall Protection (29 CFR 1926.500), for additional requirements.

13.2.2.3. Fall Protection Plans. Fall protection plans are only allowed for residential roofs, leading edge work and precast concrete erection work. A written fall protection plan must be prepared by a qualified person and meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(k). (T-0). This written plan shall be coordinated with the installation Occupational Safety office before the plan and its procedural controls are used. (T-0). Training for the fall protection plan must meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.503(a) and (c). (T-0).

13.2.2.3.1. Deleted.

13.2.2.3.2. Deleted.

13.2.2.3.2.1. Deleted.

13.2.2.3.2.2. Deleted.

13.2.2.3.2.3. Deleted.

13.4.6.3. Horizontal lifelines (Skylines), commonly used in aircraft hangars, wash racks, corrosion control or other aircraft maintenance areas, shall meet the requirements found in 29 CFR 1910.140 and 29 CFR 1926.502. (T-0). Documentation that show the installed horizontal lifelines meet these requirements will be maintained in the workcenter. (T-1).

13.4.6.5. Lanyards. Lanyards of synthetic materials shall have free ends lightly seared to prevent unraveling. (T-0). Knots weaken a lanyard and shall not be used in lanyard end terminations. (T-0).

Lanyards and personal energy absorbers subjected to impact loading from a falling person or weight test shall be removed from service and replaced. (T-0). Refer to paragraphs 13.5.2.8 and

13.6.8.4 for additional guidance. Warning: Wire rope or rope covered wire lanyards, some plastics (such as nylon) and wet lanyards are conductive and shall not be used near electrical hazards.

13.4.6.6. Energy (Shock) Absorber Components. Each personal fall arrest system may include an energy absorber, which shall be designed so activation is obvious, e.g., ripped stitches, telltale strips visible, etc. (T-0). Energy absorbers with any signs of activation shall be removed from service. (T-0).

13.4.6.7. Anchorage. Anchorages will meet requirements in 29 CFR 1910.140 and 29 CFR 1926.502, Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices. (T-0). Documentation demonstrating that the anchorages meet these criteria will be maintained within the workcenter. (T-1).

13.4.6.8.1. Snaphooks and carabiners shall be self-closing, self-locking, designed to take 2 consecutive and deliberate actions (double locking) to open and load rated for at least 5,000 pounds. (T-0).

13.4.6.9. Fall Arrest Components. Fall arresters, as in self-retracting lifelines, shall be automatic in their locking (fall stopping) function. (T-0). Employees shall follow manufacturer’s instructions to test the locking mechanism after connection to their harness/lanyard. (T-0). Self-retracting lifeline systems will be positioned over the employee as the employee moves. (T-0).

Pulling on the lifeline cable to provide more slack without moving the overhead carrier (trolley) will result in a pendulum swing should the employee falls.

13.5.1.2. Employees shall inspect their personal fall arrest systems prior to the first use of the day or shift for mildew, wear, damage and other deterioration. (T-0).

13.5.1.3. Supervisors shall ensure all PFAS components receive a thorough inspection at least quarterly. (T-1). This inspection shall be documented and maintained for at least one year. (T-1).

Exception: Components of a PFAS that have been professionally installed and certified will be inspected IAW manufacturer’s instructions, at the interval recommended by the manufacturer, and by a person qualified to perform the inspection. Inspection shall be documented and maintained. (T-1).

13.6.1. Fall prevention and protection must be considered for maintenance work or storing of equipment at heights. (T-0). At the planning and design phase of a project, fall hazards shall be considered and eliminated whenever possible. (T-0). When elimination or prevention of fall hazards is not feasible, the design must include certified and labeled anchorages IAW 29 CFR 1910.28, 29 CFR 1910.140 and American National Standards Institute Z359.1. (T-0). Where fall protection is required near material handling equipment, care must be taken to prevent potential conflicts. (T-0).

13.6.5. Supervisor, as defined in AFI 91-202, paragraph 1.8.22, shall:

13.6.5.1. Ensure each worker/qualified person/competent person using a fall protection/fall arrest system is trained and evaluated on proper use, application and inspection of fall protection/fall arrest systems. (T-1).

13.6.5.2. Be able to provide recommendations for qualified and competent personnel in the organization. (T-1).

13.6.5.3. Be designated in writing by the unit commander. (T-1).

13.6.6.3. Ensure initial training evaluations are provided to shop personnel on fall protection and fall arrest systems prior to initial use. (T-0). Recurring training evaluations are also required.

Refer to paragraph 13.3 for additional guidance.

13.6.6.5. Prepare and accomplish self-inspection checklist annually IAW TO 00-25-245. (T-1).

Checklist shall include all relevant information on fall protection and fall arrest systems, e.g., proper care, maintaining and inspection of fall protection and fall arrest systems equipment, training program, etc. (T-1). The self-inspection shall be documented and maintained until the next self-inspection is performed. (T-1) Exception: Components of a PFAS that have been professionally installed and certified and is inspected IAW manufacturer's instruction, at the interval recommended by the manufacturer, and by a person qualified to perform the inspection will not require self-inspection. (T-1).

13.6.7. A qualified person, as defined in ANSI/ASSE Z359.0, Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest, shall:

13.6.7.4. Be designated in writing by the commander. (T-1).

13.6.7.5. Keep the documentation of the agreement for the services needed to comply with fall protection requirements, if the services of a qualified person come from outside of the organization. (T-1).

13.6.8. A competent person, as defined by ANSI/ASSE Z359.0, shall:

13.6.8.5. Be designated in writing by the unit commander. (T-1).

13.7.1.1. Type of rescue system, e.g., self-rescue, assisted self-rescue, mechanically aided, FES Flight, outside agency. (T-0).

13.7.2. Supervisors shall ensure employees using a personal fall arrest system are trained to respond to a fall using a suitable rescue plan and system that allows for self-rescue when possible and organized rescue when incapacitated. (T-0). Availability of rescue personnel, ladders or other rescue equipment shall be determined prior to using a fall arrest system. (T-0). Warning:

Hanging in a harness for an extended period of time can be fatal. 29 CFR 1910.140(c)(21) and American National Standards Institute Z359.2, Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program, prescribe prompt rescue, which has been interpreted by OSHA as rescuing the worker prior to serious injury. Rescue timelines can vary based on many issues, however, as stated in American National Standards Institute Z359.2, the overall goal should be less than six (6) minutes to rescue a worker.

13.7.4. Employees suspended in a full body harness often lose consciousness after a fall. This is caused by restrictions in blood flow to the extremities caused by the harness. The rescue plan must ensure a rescue can be affected very quickly to prevent permanent injury or death. (T-0).

14.3.1. Training shall be provided to each affected employee who is required to use PPE when accomplishing any work activity. (T-0). Supervisors shall train each employee IAW 29 CFR

1910.132(f), Training, and applicable manufacturer’s instructions. (T-0). Respiratory training shall be IAW 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection, and AFI 48-137, Respiratory Protection Program. (T-0). Hearing protection shall be IAW AFI 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing Conservation Program.

14.3.1.1. Deleted.

14.3.1.2. Deleted.

14.3.1.3. Deleted.

14.3.1.4. Deleted.

14.3.1.5. Deleted.

14.3.2. Retraining. Affected employees shall be retrained IAW 29 CFR 1910.132(f)(3):

14.3.2.1. Change in their job assignments. (T-0).

14.3.2.2. A change in the work processes that present a new hazard. (T-0).

14.3.2.3. When there is a change type of PPE used. (T-0).

14.3.2.4. Other conditions as specified in 29 CFR 1910.147(f)(3). (T-0).

14.3.3. Supervisor shall document training IAW paragraph 1.7 and AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. (T-1). Respiratory training shall be documented IAW AFI 48-137. (T-1).

14.3.4. Deleted.

14.4.5. Head Protection. Personnel working in areas where there is a potential for injury from falling or fling objects, bumping head against a fixed object or electrical shock or burns shall be provided and use protective helmets. (T-0). Typical examples of these areas are construction sites and warehouses. Protective helmets must comply with American National Standards Institute/International Safety Equipment Association (ANSI/ISEA) Z89.1, Industrial Head Protection, and 29 CFR 1910.135, Head Protection. (T-0). Note: Protective helmets that contain the ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 marking meet the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1.

14.4.9. Hand and Arm Protection. When an employee’s hands or arms are exposed to hazards, such as skin absorption of harmful substances, severe cuts, lacerations, abrasions, punctures, chemical burns or harmful temperature extremes, appropriate hand or arm protection shall be provided and used. (T-0). Sleeves, padded arm protectors, hand pads and other items shall be worn to protect the hands and arms when hot or sharp materials are handled. (T-0). There is a wide assortment of gloves, hand pads, sleeves and wristlets for protection against various hazardous situations. Before purchasing any chemical protective equipment, contact BE, who will evaluate the hazard and provide the necessary specifications such as material type, thickness and coverage area, then ensure the manufacturer's recommended use for the glove matches the particular application and anticipated hazards involved. Supervisors shall select appropriate hand protection based on the characteristics required for the task to be performed, dexterity required, conditions present, duration of use, frequency, physical stresses, limitations of protective clothing and degree of exposure to identified hazards. (T-0).

14.4.11.2. Safety shoes shall be sturdy and have an impact-resistant toe. (T-0). Only shoes meeting or exceeding the requirements found in ANSI Z41 impact standard, as incorporated by reference in 29 CFR 1910.6, Incorporation by Reference, are approved for the Air Force. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.136, Foot Protection, for additional information. Metal insoles in shoes protect against puncture wounds. Additional protection, such as metatarsal guards, may be necessary for some job tasks. Nonskid shoes shall be worn where floors may be wet or slippery. (T-0).

Electrical hazard shoes are not designed to be a replacement for electrically-rated matting in high voltage situations. These shoes are designed to be used when working on low voltage circuits and as a secondary means of protection. Note: When exposed to cold temperatures and foot crushing hazards, if cold weather footwear which also provides crushing protection is not available, personnel shall be issued footwear which protects against the possibility of frostbite.

(T-0).

14.4.12. Chemical Protective Clothing. The purpose of chemical protective clothing and equipment is to shield or isolate individuals from chemical, physical and biological hazards encountered during hazardous materials operations. Many chemicals pose invisible hazards and offer no warning properties. It is important for employees to realize that no single protective clothing item can protect against all hazards. Other protective methods, such as elimination, substitution, engineering or administrative controls, shall be used to limit chemical contact before considering use of PPE. (T-0).

14.4.12.2.2. Requirements. The proper type of chemical protective clothing or equipment depends on job requirements, and includes requirements from TOs, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) and manufacturer’s recommendations. Check with BE before purchasing chemical protective clothing or equipment.

14.4.12.2.2.1. Deleted.

14.4.12.2.2.2. Deleted.

14.4.12.3. Chemical Protective Clothing Limitations. Many chemicals can have adverse effects on protective clothing and gloves. Permeation, a process by which a chemical can pass through PPE, and Degradation, a reduction in the physical properties of PPE, are two examples.

Chemicals allowed to remain on protective clothing or equipment can diffuse through the material, even if it is in storage. Chemical protective clothing that is reused must be cleaned before storage. (T-0). In some cases, it may be more cost effective to select chemical protective clothing with a relatively short breakthrough time (see definitions, Attachment 1), and decontaminate and discard it properly after one use.

14.4.12.3.1. Duration of Exposure. Maximum duration of exposure to a chemical shall be considered when selecting chemical protective clothing. (T-0). Contact BE to determine the appropriate PPE.

14.4.15.2. Personnel exposed to a traffic environment or flightline operations during hours of darkness, periods of reduced visibility or as part of construction, shall be provided and use reflective vests and accessories or shall use organizational clothing with sewn-on reflective tape.

(T-3). Refer to ANSI/ISEA 107, American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel, for additional guidance regarding selection of reflective clothing. Security Forces performing flightline operations are exempt from this requirement per AFI 91-207. Note: Personnel whose job requires them to perform some function in the traffic/flightline environment shall be provided reflective equipment to enhance their visibility, except as previously stated for Security Forces. (T-1).

14.5. Proper Care and Maintenance. Workers shall maintain all PPE IAW with manufacturer’s instructions to include being kept clean and in good repair. (T-0). Previously used PPE shall be disinfected before reissue to another worker. (T-0). Contaminated PPE that cannot be decontaminated shall be disposed of in a manner that protects employees from exposure to hazards. (T-0). Contact BE to determine the appropriate disposal measures.

Functional managers shall ensure disposal of contaminated PPE is consistent with applicable environmental regulations. (T-1). Reusable PPE that can be decontaminated can be stored in resealable or drawstring type bags. Refer to the PPE manufacturer’s instructions, UFC 3-560-01, AFI 32-1064, 29 CFR 1910.137, Table I, and 29 CFR 1910.141, Sanitation, for more information on cleaning specific equipment.

18.1.1. Hydrocarbon fuels consist of aviation fuels, diesel fuels, gasoline, aviation gasoline and natural gas composites used by the Air Force. Hydrocarbon fuels are a fat soluble, which can irritate skin. Fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel and fuel oils have similar characteristics and warrant the same degree of safety as aviation fuels.

18.1.2. TO 42B-1-1, Quality Control of Fuels, provides specifications for fuels. Refer to TO 42B-1-1-14, Fuels for USAF Aircraft, for a complete description of aircraft fuel classifications, characteristics and use.

18.1.3. Fuel Spill Classifications. Fuel spill classification and emergency procedures are described in TO 00-25-172, Ground Servicing of Aircraft and Static Grounding/Bonding.

Cleaning procedures shall be established IAW the installation environmental management office guidance. (T-0).

18.2. Hazards. Fuel can ignite unexpectedly and cause fires or explosions, which may result in property damage, injury and/or loss of life. Ignition sources include open flames such as matches and cigarette lighters, cutting and welding sparks, static electricity, electrical arcing and lightning. Support equipment being operated in any fuels area shall meet the requirements of AFMAN 24-306, Operation of Air Force Government Motor Vehicles, and TO 36-1-191, Technical and Managerial Reference for Motor Vehicle Maintenance. (T-3).

18.2.3.1. Static Electricity. Static electricity can occur when fuel is stable (not flowing) or flowing. Static electricity can be generated by the slightest movement in a stable environment, e.g., in a fuel tank or cell, container, etc. Fuel flowing through hoses or pipe systems can generate an electrostatic charge over 20,000 volts, sufficient to cause an arc or spark when touched. A conductivity additive in commonly used aviation turbine fuels minimizes static buildup during fuel flow. Warning: The additive does not eliminate static electricity in fuel flowing through hoses or pipes, but rather facilitates releasing the built up static charge. This is why proper grounding and bonding of fuel systems, components and equipment is necessary to mitigate the ignition risk posed by static discharge.

18.2.4.1. Filter separator vessels generate static electricity when fuel flows through filters.

Workers should wait at least 30 seconds after flow stops so the static charge can dissipate.

18.2.4.2. Loading Racks and Fillstands. Line strainers with a pore size less than 300 micron with 50 mesh per inch opening generate static charges. Screens with a pore size less than 300 micron with 50 mesh per inch can create static charges. Movement of fuel through piping or hose also generates static charges. Proper grounding and bonding are required to control static buildup and hazards.

21.3.5.9. Deleted.

23.2.7.5. Provide a copy of the list of all confined spaces, permit-required and non-permit, to the installation Confined Space Program Team. (T-1). The list shall include, at a minimum, the number of spaces (quantity), type (with every entry point uniquely identified and listed) and exact location (e.g., grid coordinates, Global Positioning Satellite coordinates, if available, highlighted maps, if necessary). (T-1).

23.3.11. Deleted.

24.2.3.1. Installation unit maintenance commanders and supervisors may identify other job tasks that require CPR/SABC training based on hazards associated with tasks performed. Unit CPR instructors shall meet training requirements described in paragraph 1.8. All personnel requiring CPR/SABC training shall remain current. (T-0).

24.4.4. Jet Intakes. Mechanics entering jet intake sections shall wear appropriate PPE. (T-0). A pocket-less, zipper-less, button-less bunny-suit labeled, “Intakes Only,” and cloth over-booties or stocking feet (Boots may be worn if not restricted for use by TO/MAJCOM and are authorized by MXG). Boots, if worn, must be inspected and FOD removed from boots prior to installing cloth over-booties. (T-2). To minimize heat stress during high heat/humidity conditions, e.g., air temperatures above 85° F, employees in engine intakes may wear half-bunny suits and garments designed for use over trousers. When worn with a pocket-less T-shirt, these items provide the same level of FOD protection as a full bunny suit. Units using half-bunny suits shall have procedures in place to control use. (T-1).

24.4.5.1.3. Face shield. (T-0). Note: Face shield is secondary eye protection and must be worn in conjunction with primary eye protection (goggles). (T-0).

24.4.5.1.4. Gloves (loose fitting), leather, welder’s gauntlet cuff, medium gloves, cloth, work, cotton knit, medium as an insert; or Gloves (loose fitting), leather with glove inserts, wool or equivalent. (T-0). Note: The wool glove insert and cotton knit cloth work gloves used as inserts can be used interchangeably with either welder’s gauntlet cuff leather gloves or leather gloves specified above.

24.4.5.1.5. Apron. (T-0).

24.4.5.1.6. Coveralls, cotton white (mandatory). (T-0).

24.4.5.1.7. Cuff-less trousers. (T-0).

24.4.5.1.8. Long sleeve shirt. (T-0).

24.4.5.1.9. Jacket (optional).

24.4.5.1.10. Leather boots, which fit closely around the top, with rubber soles and heels. (T-0).

24.4.5.1.11. Deleted.

24.4.5.2.3. Face shield. (T-0).

24.4.5.2.4. Gloves (loose fitting), leather, welder’s gauntlet cuff, medium with gloves, cloth, work, cotton knit, medium as an insert; or Gloves (loose fitting), leather with glove inserts, wool.

(T-0). Note: The wool glove insert and cotton knit cloth work gloves used as inserts can be used interchangeably with either welder’s gauntlet cuff leather gloves or leather gloves specified above.

24.4.5.2.5. Apron. (T-0).

24.4.5.2.10. Protective footwear, which fit closely around the top, with rubber soles and heels.

(T-0). Note: A leather boot approximately eight (8) inches in height with close fitting top and rubber soles and heel is recommended, since LOX spills normally subject one’s foot area to a freeze burn exposure hazard. This type footwear when equipped with a hard protective toe area is generally classified as a safety shoe or boot.

24.13.3. Speed Limits. No vehicle (including motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles or tricycles) shall be operated at a speed in excess of that deemed reasonable and prudent for existing traffic, road and weathers. (T-2). Emergency vehicles will not automatically assume the right of way. (T-2).

Installation commanders and aircraft maintenance commanders are responsible for ensuring personnel authorized to drive on the flightline are informed of flightline speed limits. Note:

Vehicles responding to Red Balls (emergency flightline scenarios), exercises and precautionary landings are not authorized to exceed posted flightline speed limits.

24.13.3.1. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.1. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.2. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.3. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.4. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.5. Deleted.

24.13.3.1.6. Deleted.

24.13.12. Follow Me Vehicles. Follow Me vehicles for guiding aircraft shall be equipped with signs, easily visible at night, reading “Stop” and “Follow Me.” (T-1). They shall have two-way radio communication on control tower frequencies. (T-1). When approaching the parking spot, the Follow Me vehicle operator should illuminate the “Stop” signal, move the vehicle from the intended path of aircraft travel, and position it laterally — clear of the aircraft wingtip. The marshaler, who may be the vehicle operator, will guide the aircraft to the parking spot using approved marshaling signals. (T-1). Follow Me vehicles may exceed the 15 mph flightline speed limit when necessary to accommodate the safe taxiing speed of aircraft. Tugs shall not be used as Follow Me vehicles. (T-1).

24.13.13.1. Maneuvering Forklifts and Hi-Lift Trucks. A spotter shall assist operators in determining safe clearances when maneuvering close to aircraft. (T-1). Bumper blocks or vehicle chocks placed on ramps shall be used to prevent backing into aircraft. (T-1). Spotters shall also assist operators when necessary to back the vehicle. (T-1). The driver and spotter shall be able to communicate at all times. (T-1). The spotter shall use luminous wands or flashlights to relay signals to the hi-lift operator during the night unless supplemental lighting is used. (T-1).

Spotters shall be used any time the cargo bed is raised or lowered. (T-1). Forklift carriage operation (i.e., raise/lower, tilt, side shift, etc.) is prohibited while forklift is in motion. Forklifts shall never be driven under an aircraft except when required by the aircraft involved. (T-1).

When traveling long distances and/or when carrying bulky loads, the forklift shall be driven in reverse as the operator’s field of vision is less obstructed. (T-1). Forks of parked forklifts shall be lowered flat on the ground to prevent injury to personnel working or walking in the area. (T-1).

Parked and unattended forklifts shall have operating levers placed in neutral, ignition switched off and handbrake set. (T-1).

24.16.5.2.1. Personal fall arrest systems require an anchorage connection point, connecting hardware components, body and fixed or shock absorbing lanyard, depending on system design.

Anchorage connecting point(s) for each employee will have minimal support strength of 5,000 pounds (22.2 kilo-newton [kN]). (T-0). Vertical and horizontal lifelines shall have a minimal breading strength of 5,000 pounds (22.2 kN). (T-0). Horizontal lifelines shall be designed, installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which maintains a safety factor of at least two. (T-0). Lanyards, D-rings, locking snap-hooks and all components of a fall arrest system will also be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 5,000 pounds (22.2 kN). (T-0). Refer to paragraph 13.2 and 29 CFR

1926.502, Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices, 29 CFR 1910.66, Appendix C, Personal Fall Arrest System, and 29 CFR 1926.104, Safety Belts, Lifelines, and Lanyards, for additional personal fall arrest system guidance. To prevent employee injury or death, personal fall arrest systems shall not be used without a rescue plan. Rescue timelines can vary based on many issues, however, as stated in American National Standards Institute Z359.2, the overall goal should be less than six (6) minutes to rescue a worker. Refer to paragraph 13.7.2 for additional guidance. Caution: Shock absorbing lanyards will not be used in conjunction with self-retracting lifelines, fall limiters, retractable web lanyards or decelerator packs (inertial reel type lifelines) devices. Multi-use or combinations of use can result in two falls and could hinder and/or prevent self-rescue or external rescue. Warning: Hanging in a harness for an extended period of time can be fatal. Supervisors shall ensure employees using a personal fall arrest system can be properly rescued or can rescue themselves should a fall occur. (T-0). Availability of rescue personnel, ladders or other rescue equipment shall be determined prior to using a fall arrest system. (T-0).

25.2.1.12. Ensure industrial shops and sites have a basic first aid kit, or suitable substitute, approved by the installation medical services, available to care for employees injuries until professional help arrives or they can obtain full medical care. (T-1). Refer to Chapter 8, Electrical Safety, for additional guidance.

25.3.6. Asbestos fibers can cause lung diseases such as asbestosis and cancer of the lung. If asbestos is used or already in place, safe handling procedures shall be IAW 29 CFR 1910.1001, Asbestos. (T-0). Employees shall not be exposed to unsafe levels of airborne asbestos. (T-0).

Consult BE prior to all planned asbestos projects.