Attachment 06 - TMB Min Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements.pdf
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This document is the Minimum Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements for the Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Replacement project at the Miami Executive Airport. The key details are:
The wind tunnel testing must conform to ASCE 7-22 and ASCE 49-21 standards. The testing agency must receive FEA model data and a BIM model from the A/E consultant before testing. The maximum lateral drift for the structure is limited to h/600 per FAA standards, utilizing a 100-year mean recurrence interval. The testing agency must construct a scale model, simulate approach flows, and incorporate influential objects and topography. Damping ratios, basic wind speed, exposure, and internal/external wind pressures must be discussed and analyzed. The testing agency must provide equivalent static loads for MWFRS design, C/C wind pressures, and serviceability wind checks. Acceleration responses to wind must also be analyzed and compared to acceptable limits.
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Attachment 06 – Minimum Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements Page 1 of 3
ATTACHMENT 06 – TMB MINIMUM WIND TUNNEL TESTING REQUIREMENTS
Miami Executive Airport
Miami, Fl
Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Replacement
Minimum Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements
March 20, 2024
1. General: Wind tunnel testing shall conform to the requirements of ASCE 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures chapters 31 and C31 and ASCE 49-21 Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other Structures.
2. Initial Design Deliverables: Wind Tunnel Testing Agency shall first receive Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model data from A/E Consultant providing dynamic properties including fundamental modes, mass per level with associated mass moment of inertia (MMI) table(s) and or diagram(s), and mode shapes. In addition, a corresponding BIM model shall be included with this deliverable. The intended structural profiles and behavior characteristics shall be fully understood before commencement.
3. Maximum Lateral Drift: The maximum wind drift limit for the proposed structure shall not exceed a ratio of h/600 per the FAA Terminal Facility Design Standard (TFDS 2.1) table 8-1 due to sensitive electronics and cab glass curtain wall systems mounted at the top of the tower. A 100 year mean recurrence interval shall be utilized for wind drift determination in accordance with the FAA Terminal Facility Design Standard (TFDS 2.1) table 8-2. This limit shall depend on the appropriate concrete modulus of elasticity (Ec) and the transformed, cracked concrete section/reduced effective moment of inertia (Ie) per ACI 318/318R-19.
4. Wind Tunnel Simulations: The Testing Agency shall construct a scale model of the building and associated surrounding environment. The scale shall be selected to satisfy the similarity criteria and maximum blockage ratio given in section 2.2 of ASCE 49-21.
Approach flow simulations shall meet the requirements of section 2.3 of ASCE 49-21. The models shall include influential objects, features, and topography in accordance with sections 2.4 and 2.5 of ASCE 49-21.
5. Damping Ratios: The Testing Agency, in consultation with the A/E, shall select damping ratios for analysis of the strength (MWFRS & C/C Wind Design) and serviceability (acceleration) limit states. The damping ratios shall be selected to appropriately reflect the structural system and the limit state being considered. A range of damping ratios shall be proposed by the Testing Agency to demonstrate the sensitivity of the analysis to the
Attachment 06 – Minimum Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements Page 2 of 3 selected damping ratio, and to provide direction on the possibility of adding damping devices to reduce loads or accelerations if warranted. The report shall provide discussion and justification of the selected values.
6. Basic Wind Speed: Testing Agency shall provide Wind Velocity V Discussion including wind profiles Vz and measurement methods used (see Notes A & B for additional information). This discussion shall include specific references to ASCE 7-16 for Basic Wind Speed with a general comparison of the Basic Wind Speed Maps - particularly if the designated wind speed value differs. Basic wind speed determined from regional climatic data shall meet the requirements of section 26.5.3 of ASCE 7-16. The estimated wind speed shall correspond to a 3000 year MRI for risk category IV structures. See chapter 6 of ASCE 49-21 for further requirements.
7. Exposure and Topography: Testing Agency shall discuss applicable Exposure Categories in accordance with ASCE 7-16 and topographical features that affect the determination of wind loads. The model shall incorporate considerations for exposure and topography as discussed in item 3.
8. Measurement and Analysis Methods: Testing Agency shall discuss measurement and analysis techniques utilized to determine wind loads and affects for the structure. The techniques shall meet the requirements of chapters 3, 4, and 5 of ASCE 49-21 as applicable.
9. Internal Wind Pressures: Testing Agency shall discuss applied internal wind pressure coefficients used for C/C Wind Pressures and for MWFRS Wind Pressures. Internal pressures shall properly correspond with an Open Building, Partially Enclosed Building, or an Enclosed Building (whichever applicable) as defined in ASCE 7-16 Chapter 26. In addition, please refer to ASCE 7-16 Section 26.13 and Table 26.13-1 for details.
10. MWFRS Design: Testing Agency shall provide equivalent static loads at the nominal 3000-year MRI level wind for the identified critical wind cases for strength design. Lateral shears in the principal directions, torsional moments and/or eccentricities shall be provided at each level of the structure. Where applicable load limitations from the wind tunnel testing shall meet the requirements of Section 31.4.4. of ASCE 7-16.
11. C/C Wind Pressures: Testing Agency shall provide exterior envelope pressures based on a nominal 3000-year MRI level wind. The report shall provide diagrams indicating positive and negative pressures for all exterior surfaces. A discussion on appropriate area reduction factors shall be provided where applicable. Where applicable load limitations from the wind tunnel testing shall meet the requirements of Section 31.4.4. of ASCE 7-16.
12. Serviceability Wind Speed: Testing Agency shall provide equivalent static loads at the nominal 100-year MRI level wind for lateral drift checks noted in item 3. Lateral shears in the principal directions, torsional moments and/or eccentricities shall be provided at each
Attachment 06 – Minimum Wind Tunnel Testing Requirements Page 3 of 3 level of the structure. Damping ratios utilized in determining serviceability wind cases shall be provided as discussed in item 5.
13. Acceleration Responses to Wind: Testing Agency shall discuss the acceleration response to wind at the uppermost level and determine the peak wind acceleration Apk, and root mean square acceleration Arms. This data shall be graphed with the damping ratios discussed in Item 4. Apk and Arms shall be graphed separately with respect to mean recurrence intervals in years and compared to acceptable range levels as specified in ISO 6897, ISO 10137, and AISC 2003 Serviceability Limit States Under Wind Load - Table 5.
Furthermore, graphs shall show specific residential and office/commercial limit states of 1 and 10 year MRI’s for Apk and 10 year MRI’s for Arms respectively. In addition, please graphically include the highest, average, and lowest thresholds of motion perception limit states at 5 year MRI per ISO 6897
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