14 Attachment 1-C SNL CA Supplemental Analysis 01.01.2012 57pgs.pdf

DOE/EA-1422-SA-0l

Supplement Analysis for the

· Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment for Sandia National Laboratories/California

[September 2012]

U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration

Sandia Site Office

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COVERSHEET

RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY/NATIONAL

NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

TITLE: Supplement Analysis for the Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment for Sandia National Laboratories/California (DOE/EA-1422-SA-01)

CONTACT: For further information concerning this Supplement Analysis, contact

Ms. Susan Lacy Environmental Team Leader Sandia Site Office National Nuclear Security Administration P. 0. Box 5400, MS 0184 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-5400 Phone: (505) 845-5542 E-mail: susan.lacy@nnsa.doe.gov

Abstract: This Supplement Analysis (SA) determines whether the 2003 Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment (SWEA) for Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA) remains adequate in characterizing potential environmental impacts from the current operation of SNL/CA,. and anticipated operation over the next 5 years. The U.S. Department of Energy issued a Finding of No Significant Impact in March 2003 under any of the alternatives evaluated. For this SA, a screening review was performed for each resource area presented in the SWEA, evaluating new or modified projects or proposals, changed circumstances, and new regulations, to determine whether impacts remain within the envelope of consequences established in the SWEA. Within the screening review, values used for the SWEA Maximum Operations Alternative serve as the primary basis for comparison. Detailed analysis was required for a storm water-related issue - specifically, the amount of impervious surface. It was discovered that the number of acres of impervious surface was underestimated in the SWEA; however, conditions have changed little if any since the SWEA was produced, and no substantial impacts have been observed.

Contents

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ iii

FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................................... v

TABLES ..................................................................................... , .................................................................. v

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... vi

METRIC CONVERSION CHART ........................................................................................................... viii

SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. !

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 I. I Overview of Sandia National Laboratories/California ............................................................ 1-1

1.2 Description of the 2003 SNL/CA Site-Wide Environmental Assessment ............................... 1-2

1.3 SNL Mission ............................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.4 Scope of This Document... ....................................................................................................... 1-2

2.0 NEW AND/OR MODIFIED OPERATIONS AND INFORMATION ...................................... 2-1

2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 SNL/CA Facilities and Operations .......................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Changes in Operations ............ : ............................................................................................ 2-2

2.2.2 New and Planned Facilities ................................................................................................. 2-2

2.3 Balance of Operations .............................................................................................................. 2-5

2.4 Operational Parameters ............................................................................................................ 2-5

2.5 Environmental Conditions ....................................................................................................... 2-7

2.5.1 Natural Environment ........................................................................................................... 2-7

2.5 .2 Human Environment.. .......................................................................................................... 2-8

2.6 Regulations .............................................................................................................................. 2-8

3.0 SCREENING REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Methodology ......................................................... : .................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Land Use and Visual Resources ........................................................................... .-.................. 3-1

3.2.1 Land Use .............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2.2 Visual Resources ................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.2.3 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 Water Resources and Hydrology ............................................................................................. 3-3

3.4.1 Groundwater Quality ........................................................................................................... 3-3

3.4.2 Groundwater Quantity ......................................................................................................... 3-3

3.4.3 Surface Water Quality ......................................................................................................... 3-3

3.4.4 Surface Water Quantity ....................................................................................................... 3-4

3.4.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3-4

3.5 Biological Resources ............................................................................................................... 3-4

3.5.1 Terrestrial Resources ........................................................................................................... 3-4

3.5.2 Aquatic Resources ............................................................................................................... 3-5

3.5.3 Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Species ................................................................... 3-5

3.5.4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3-5

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 iii

3.6 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................... 3-6

3. 7 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.8 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 3-7

3.8.1 Water ................................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.8.2 Water Discharge .................................................................................................................. 3-8 3 .8.3 Electricity ............................................................................................................................ 3-8

3.8.4 Natural Gas .......................................................................................................................... 3-8 3 .8.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3-8

3. 9 Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.10 Waste Generation ..................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.10.1 Radioactive Waste ............................................................................................................... 3-9

3.10.2 Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................................. 3-9

3.10.3 Biohazardous Waste ............................................................................................................ 3-9

3.10.4 Municipal Solid Waste ...................................................................................................... 3-10

3.10.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 3-10

3.11 Noise ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.12 Human Health and Worker Safety ......................................................................................... 3-11

3.12. l Radiological Health Effects ............................................................................................... 3-U

3.12.2 Worker Safety .................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.12.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 3-12

3.13 Socioeconomics ..................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................ : ........................................... 3-12

3.15 Accidents ............................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.16 Intentional Destructive Acts .................................................................................................. 3-13

4.0 DETAILED CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS .......................................................... , .................. 4-1

4.1 Surface water quantity ..................................... : ................. , ..................................................... 4-1

5.0 5.1

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ........................................................................................................ 5-1 Other Actions ........................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory .......................................................................... 5-1

5.1.2 Livermore Sc.ience and Technology Center ........................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Land Use and Visual Resources .............................................................................................. 5-1

5.3 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.4 Water Resources and Hydrology ............................................................................................. 5-2

5.5 Biological Resources ............................................................................................................... 5-2

5.6 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................... 5-2

5. 7 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 5-2

5. 8 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.9 Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.10 Waste Generation ..................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.11 Noise ........................................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.12 Human Health and Worker Safety ....................................................................................... : ... 5-3

5.13 Socioeconomics ....................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.14 Environmental Justice .............................................................................................................. 5-3

6.0

7.0

CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 6-1

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 7-1 iv SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

FIGURES

Figure 1-1. Sandia National Laboratories/California, and Surrounding Region ....................................... 1-1 Figure 2-1. Location of Proposed Livermore Valley Open Campus Initiative ......................................... 2-4

TABLES

Table 2-1. Comparison of Selected Operational Parameters Used in SWEA Analyses ........................... 2-5 Table 2-2. Changes to Laws, Regulations, and Other Requirements since Publication of the SWEA ..... 2-8 Table 3-1. Peak Attenuated Noise Levels (in decibels [ dB A]) Expected from Operation of Construction

Equipment .................................... : .................................................................................................. 3-10

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September2012 V

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

µg microgram ftrn micrometers

ABL . Applied Biosciences Laboratory

BSL Biosafety Level

CAGR compound annual growth rate

CFC chlorofluorocarbon

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CRC/VB Combustion Research Computational/Visualization Building

CRF Combustion Research Facility dBA A-weighted decibels

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

EO Executive Order

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

FON SI Finding of No Significant Impact ft feet

FY fiscal year kg kilogram

L liter

LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LVOC Livermore Valley Open Campus

M Million

MANTL Micro- and Nano- Technologies Laboratory

MCL maximum contaminant level

MMCF Million cubic feet

MWh megawatt-hour

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration person-rem unit of population dose; the average dose per individual expressed in rems times the population affected.

PM25 particulate matter 2.5 µmin diameter and smaller

PM10 particulate matter lO µmin diameter and smaller

POD Performance Optimized Datacenter vi SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

R&D

SA

SNL

SNL/CA

SWEA

research and development

Supplement Analysis

Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia National Laboratories/California

Site-Wide Environmental Assessment

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 vii

METRIC CONVERSION CHART

-·To CONVERT FROM U.S. CUSTOMARY INTO METRIC TO CONVERT FROM METRIC INTO U.S. CUSTOMARY f-tou know Multiply by To get If you know Multiply by To get

I Length inches 2.540 centimeters centimeters 0.3937 inches I feet 30.48 centimeters centimeters 0.03281 feet feet 0.3048 meters meters 3.281 feet yards 0.9144 meters meters 1.094 yards miles 1.609 kilometers kilometers 0.6214 miles Area square inches 6.452 square centimeters square centimeters 0.1550 square inches square feet 0.09290 square meters square meters 10.76 square feet square yards 0.8361 square meters square meters 1.196 square yards acres 0.4047 hectares hectares 2.471 acres square miles 2.590 square kilometers square kilometers 0.3861 square miles Volume fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters milliliters 0.03381 fluid ounces gallons 3.785 liters liters 0.2642 gallons cubic feet 0.02832 cubic meters cubic meters 35.31 cubic feet cubic yards 0.7646 cubic meters cubic meters 1.308 cubic yards Weight ounces 28.35 grams grams 0.03527 ounces pounds· 0.4536 kilograms kilograms 2.205 pounds short tons 0.9072 metric tons metric tons 1.102 short tons Temperature

Fahrenheit subtract 32, then Celsius Celsius multiply by 9/5, Fahrenheit ('F) multiply by 5/9 ('C) ('C) then add 32 ('F) Kelvin subtract 273.15 Celsius Kelvin Multiply by 9/5, Fahrenheit ('k) ('C) (K) then add 306.15 ('F)

Note: 1 sievert = 100 rems viii SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Summary

SUMMARY

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Implementing Procedures require evaluation of its site-wide NEPA documents at least every 5 years by preparation of a supplement analysis (SA), or similar document, for site-wide environmental assessments (SWEAs).

Based on the SA, a detennination is made as to whether the existing NEPA document remains adequate, or whether preparation of a new site-wide NEPA document, supplement to the existing site-wide NEPA document, or a site-wide environmental impact statement is appropriate. This SA evaluates whether the 2003 Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment for Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA), referred to as the SWEA, should be supplemented, a new SWEA should be prepared, or no further NEPA documentation is required.

DOE issued the SWEA in January 2003. The SWEA assessed impacts relative to each area of the human and natural environment potentially affected by operations performed at SNL/CA through 2012. The SWEA evaluated activities associated with SNL's mission of National Security, Energy Resources, Environmental Quality, Science and Technology, and Work for Others.

DOE issued a Finding of No Significant Impact in March 2003 under any of the three alternatives evaluated: No Action Alternative, Planned Utilization and Operations Alternative, and Maximum Operations Alternative. Under the Maximum Operations Alternative, specific facilities at SNL/CA were analyzed as operating with two shifts, with changes to some current land uses and construction of two new facilities. "Balance of Operations" activities ( activities at facilities not selected for detailed analysis, site support services, and routine maintenance and administrative services) were also projected to increase. Environmental impacts evaluated under this alternative provided a bounding analysis against which to track changes to SNL/CA operations.

Review of emissions, waste generation, and operational information indicates that operations at SNL/CA remain within the bounds of analyses conducted within the SWEA. While there have been increases in some activities, these have been offset by decreases in others to the extent that environmental outputs have not changed substantially and are in all cases well below those analyzed for the Maximum Operations Alternative.

Analytical Approach

A three-step review and analysis approach was used in developing this SA. These steps are summarized as follows:

I. Perform a screening review of new or modified projects or proposals, changed circumstances, and new regulations. This screening review determined, without further detailed analysis, which resource areas clearly remain within the limits of environmental consequences established in the SWEA (i.e., that operations continue to have no significant environmental impacts).

2. Perform more detailed analyses of resource areas that did not pass the screening criteria (Step I) to determine whether the combined impacts remain within the envelope of consequences established in the SWEA.

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 S-1

3. For those impacts that were outside the envelope of consequences established in the SWEA, determine whether the conditions and environmental consequences are substantially different from those in existence at the time the SWEA was prepared.

Based on the screening review, all but one parameter fell within the values analyzed in the SWEA. One parameter - the total impervious surface at the facility - was greater than the value analyzed in the

SWEA.

New and/or Modified Facilities and Information

A requirement for additional NEPA analysis could be prompted by changes in site activities ( e.g., new or modified site missions) that could result in changes in environmental impacts, the characteristics of SNL/CA or its environs, or regulatory requirements or guidance. Therefore, this SA describes the current status of those areas and identifies any changes since the SWEA.

The SA identifies substantive changes in existing SNL/CA facilities and operations (from those analyzed in the SWEA), and projected new or expanded facilities and operations. The specific changes are as follows:

• Construction of the Combustion Research ComputationalNisualization Building, a recently completed 8,400-square-foot building that includes a computer room, visualization and collaboration workspace rooms, and supporting work areas and administrative space.

• Anticipated increases in specific research and development activities, including:

Explosive synthesis work, primarily associated with the Micro and Nano Technologies Laboratories

Research and development activities involving the use of engineered nanoparticles

High-performance computing activities, including predictive modeling and simulations of combustion

Hydrogen fuel research

Reinstating hydrogen storage research involving use of low quantities of depleted uranium

Tritium material science research

Biofuels research, including algae cultivation

Biodefense research, including sequencing methods, bioforensics, medical surveillance, and biodetection

Use ofwhole-bodyimaging systems for research and testing

• Proposed placement of up to two Performance Optimized Datacenters onsite, each contained within a trailer approximately the size of a standard 18-wheel tractor-trailer, with self-contained cooling systems

• Proposed demolition of the Redwood Center

• Construction of a classified secure facility within the limited area

S-2 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

• Re-purposing of buildings 927 (repurposed for use in property management and reapplication) and 928 (repurpos.ed for use by the Cyber Defenders group, including minor remodeling and upgrades to the existing building).

• East entrance road realigmnent

• Energy/east utility infrastructure improvements

• Moving offences to allow public access to buildings 916,919,929, MO50, and MO51

• Proposed acquisition of greenhouse gas mobile laboratory trucks, based at SNL/CA, for offsite use

Detailed Consequence Analysis

One parameter did not pass the initial screening and required additional analysis. The amount of impervious surface present at the site, which can affect storm water volume, was found to be greater in 20 IO than the value analyzed in the SWEA. However, review of aerial and satellite photographs of the site taken in 200 I and 20 IO revealed that there has been little change in the actual impervious surface, and that the number ofacres of impervious surface was underestimated in the SWEA. No substantial impacts associated with storm water have been observed since ,the SWEA was issued.

Cumulative Impacts

Past and present actions associated with SNL/CA are described in the SWEA, and updated with new and modified projects described in this SA. Reasonably foreseeable future actions for the region around SNL/CA were also reviewed and included in the analysis. Impacts associated with SNL/CA operations and construction completed since the SWEA, especially any off-site impacts, remain within the bounds of the original SWEA analysis. Projected impacts through 2015 also remain within the bounds of the Maximum Operations Alternative. Therefore, no changes in cumulative impacts are anticipated to result from continued operations through 2015.

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-$A-01-September2012 S-3

S-4 SNUCA SWEA SA DOE!EA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Chapter 1-lntroduction

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF SANDIA NATIONAL

LABO RA TORI ES/CALIFORNIA

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is one of several national laboratories that support the U.S.

Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration's (DOE/NNSA's) statutory responsibilities for nuclear weapons research and design, development of other energy technologies, and basic scientific research. SNL is composed of four geographically separate facilities: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Tonopah, Nevada; Kauai, Hawaii; and Livermore, California. This Supplement Analysis (SA) focuses on the Livermore facility, known as Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA).

SNL/CA is a government-owned, contractor-operated facility owned by the DOE/NNSA, and managed and operated by Sandia Corporation. Operational oversight is performed by the DOE/NNSA Sandia Site Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The site encompasses 410 acres owned by DOE, and is bounded by the City of Livermore to the west, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to the north, and privately-owned rnral and agricnltural land to tbe south and east. Figure 1-1 illustrates the location of

SNL/CA.

• o•-•1i::o==::i20•-•·

N MILES

t1Ctd1

~~'------z,"'-.....-:candla National Laborat

Source: DOE/NNSA 2003a Figure 1-1. Sandia National Laboratories/California, and Surrounding Region

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 1-1

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE 2003 SNL/CA SITE-WIDE

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

In January 2003, the DOE published the SNL/CA Site-Wide Environmental Assessment (SWEA), examining the environmental impacts of three alternatives for the continued operation of the facility:

• No Action Alternative----continuation of ongoing NNSA and interagency programs and activities at planned levels as reflected in DOE/NNSA management plans for 2002 through 2012.

• Planned Utilization and Operations Alternative----a 13-percent increase in the level of operations over the No Action Alternative, in addition to infrastructure improvements, new construction, and modification of some land uses.

• Maxim nm Operations Alternative-activities as described in the Planned Utilization and Operations alternative with an increase in activity level to two shifts at some facilities, in addition to new construction projects and an increase in "balance of operations" activities (activities at facilities not selected for detailed analysis, site support services, and routine maintenance and administrative services).

To complete the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)process, DOE issued a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONS!) in March 2003, applicable to any of the alternatives evaluated (DOE/NNSA 2003b).

1.3 SNL MISSION

SNL provides support for DOE mission lines, programs, and projects in five areas.

• Nuclear Weapons, ensuring the stockpile is safe, secure, reliable, and can support the United States' deterrence policies.

• Energy and Infrastructure Assurance, enhancing the surety of energy and other critical resources.

• Nonproliferation, reducing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and enhancing the surety of critical infrastructures.

• • Defense Systems and Assessments, addressing new threats to national security.

• Homeland Security and Defense, helping to protect the nation against terrorism.

SNL's Science, Technology, and Engineering program conducts a large variety ofresearch and development (R&D) activities that support these five mission lines.

1.4 SCOPE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Under its NEPA regulations (10 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 1021.330(d)), DOE must evaluate site-wide NEPA documents at least every 5 years to determine whether they remain adequate (i.e., .

continue to address the environmental impacts of site operations), if a new document should be prepared, or if a supplement to the existing document is needed. DOE/NNSA has prepared this SA in accordance with this requirement.

1-2 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Chapter 1-/nfroduction

This SA uses information collected through NEPA checklists, interviews with SNL/CA personnel, and planning documents for new facilities. No environmental assessments or SAs have been prepared for activities or projects at SNL/CA since completion of the SWEA in 2003. Activities reviewed since that time have been found to be either a) categorically excluded from the need to prepare an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement, orb) analyzed in a previous NEPA document - in most cases, the 2003 SWEA.

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 1-3

1-4 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Chapter 2-New and/or Modified Operations and Information

2.0 NEW AND/OR MODIFIED OPERATIONS AND

INFORMATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this SA is to determine the need for additional NEPA analysis beyond that presented in the 2003 SNL/CA SWEA. A requirement for additional NEPA analysis could be prompted by changes in site facilities or activities that could result in changes in environmental impacts, changes in the characteristics of the SNL/CA site or its environs, or changes in regulatory requirements or guidance.

This chapter describes the current status of those areas and identifies any changes since the SWEA, and provides the technical basis for the evaluations presented in Chapters 3 and 4. For this evaluation, the baseline year is 201 0; data from calendar year 2010 are used unless data are not available, or they do not present an accurate picture of recent and future trends. All years referred to in this SA are calendar years unless specifically noted as fiscal year (FY).

2.2 SNL/CA FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

To differentiate among the three alternatives analyzed, the SWEA evaluated detailed information on current and future activities at 13 facilities:

• Combustion Research Facility (CRF)

• Building 910- Weapons research and development

• Building 914 - Weapons test assembly and machine shop activities

• Building 916 - Materials chemistry research and development

• Building 927 - Nuclear and classified materials storage and subsystem assembly

• Micro- and Nano-Technologies Laboratory (MANTL)

• Chemical and Radiation Detection Laboratory, now known as the Applied Biosciences Laboratory (ABL) (note that the name change reflects activities in this facility that are largely unchanged since the SWEA analysis)

• Area 8 Facilities

• Explosive Storage Area

• Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Storage Facilities

• Lithographie Galvanoformung and Abformung (LIGA) Technologies Facility (this facility was in the planning stages at the time of SWEA preparation but was never constructed)

• Distributed Information Systems Laboratory (this facility was in the planning stages at the time of SWEA; construction was completed in 2004)

• Glass Furnace Combustion and Melting Laboratory (this facility, which was part of the CRF, was in the planning stages at the time of SWEA preparation but was never constructed)

In addition to information from these facilities, the SWEA evaluated the "balance of operations," activities that take place at other facilities and locations throughout SNL/CA.

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 2-1

2.2.1 CHANGES IN OPERATIONS

Most of the facilities evaluated in the SWEA continue to operate with types of activities that are largely unchanged since the SWEA analysis. Through interviews with SNL/CA managers and other personnel (SNL 2010b), the following proposed notable activities or anticipated changes to the nature and/or level of activities through 2015 were identified:

• Increases in specific R&D activities, including

Explosive synthesis work, primarily associated with the MANTL

R&D activities involving the use of engineered nanoparticles

High-performance computing activities, including predictive modeling and simulations of combustion

Hydrogen fuel research

Reinstating hydrogen storage research involving use of low quantities of depleted uranium

Tritium material science research

Biofuels research, including algae cultivation

Biodefense research, including sequencing methods, bioforensics, medical surveillance, and biodetection

Use of whole-body imaging systems for research and testing

• Placement of up to two Performance Optimized Datacenters (PODs) onsite, each contained within a trailer approximately the size of a standard 18-wheel tractor-trailer, with self-contained cooling systems

• Demolition of the Redwood Center

• Construction of a classified secure facility within the limited area

• Re-purposing of buildings 927 and 928

• East entrance road realigmnent

• East end energy and utility infrastructure improvements

• Moving offences to allow public access to buildings 916,919,929, MOS0, and MOS!

• Acquisition of greenhouse gas mobile laboratory trucks, based at SNL/CA, for offsite use

In addition, SNL/CA has seen an increase in "one-off' types of activities that are difficult to project, but with environmental effects that are compatible with SWEA analyses.

2.2.2 NEW AND PLANNED FACILITIES

2.2.2.1 Livermore Valley Open Campus

The proposed development of the Livermore Valley Open Campus (L VOC) is intended as a step toward achieving the Secretary of Energy's stated goals of re-energizing the national laboratories as "centers of

2-2 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 great science and im1ovation," and to "create an effective mechanism to integrate national laboratory, university, and industry activities." Specifically the LVOC would meet three needs:

• Mission. To meet NNSA's and DOE's nation~] security mission objectives-which broadly include nuclear security, international security, energy and environment security, and economic security through science, technology and engineering innovation-by substantially increasing laboratory engagement with the private sector and academic community.

• Science, Technology, and Engineering. To stay at the forefront of science, technology, and engineering by increasing national and international academic and industry engagement.

• Workforce. To ensure the workforce of the future for both classified and unclassified national security programs by providing a mechanism to attract highly qualified workers.

Construction associated with the LVOC initiative would cover areas of both SNL/CA and LLNL (Figure 2-1). At SNL/CA, structures would be built to support research related to the SNL mission. Site access would be modified to allow public entry of vehicles to the LVOC from Greenville Road. Security fences would also be moved. Construction would be done in phases over a number of years. The area available for the initiative could accommodate 2.9 million square feet (M ft:2) of floor space spread over LLNL and SNL/CA; this SA assumes only Phase I would be constructed by 2015, with a total of approximately 770,000 square feet (ft2) of floor space, 260,000 ft2 of which would be sited on SNL/CA.

Over the next 5 years, the construction of three buildings at SNL/CA is projected, all contained within Phase I of the LVOC plan: Commons Building, Collaboration/Visitors Center, and Engineering Innovation Collaboration Center. LVOC-related buildings scheduled for construction through 2015 are examined in this SA to determine whether their completion would cause impacts to exceed those examined in the 2003 SWEA. Construction planned through 2015 would include two buildings and associated infrastructure, with a total of approximately 3 acres to be developed during this time.

2.2.2.2 Combustion Research Computational/Visualization Building

The Combustion Research Computationa!Nisualization Building (CRC/VB) is a recently completed 8,400-square-foot building that includes a computer room, visualization and collaboration workspace rooms, and supporting work areas and administrative space (SNL 2009b ). This facility provides computational capabilities to complement work conducted in the CRF. Construction and operation of the CRC/VB was categorically excluded from the need to prepare an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement in 2009.

2.2.2.3 Building 916 Replacement

Activities conducted in Building 916 include R&D in ceramics, semiconductors, organic polymers, and metals. The proposed replacement for current Building 916 would increase floor space from the current 42,000 ft2 to approximately 84,000 ft:2. Under the current proposal, activities focused on materials studies would expand, and a second shift would increase staffing from 46 to 91 employees. This project was analyzed in the Maximum Operations Alternative ofthe SWEA (DOE/NNSA 2003a).

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 2-3

Patterson Pass Road

Tesla Road Source: Flad Architects 2010

LVOC North Campus

(FY11)

Future LVOC Space

J:-,,~+-- General Access

E'.J . ·~ c=J i..·.:,,H

1. , 1

NORTH

Area For LVOC South Campus

(FY11)

Property Protection Area

Limited Area

Possible Expansion Of Generam Access Area service Traffic

Figure 2-1. Location of Proposed Livermore Valley Open Campus Initiative

2-4 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

2.3 BALANCE OF OPERATIONS

Activities at numerous SNL/CA facilities not described in Section 2.2 were discussed in the SWEA as "balance of plant." Changes to balance'of-plant activities since the SWEA are documented in NEPA checklists that have been completed since 2003. Environmentally relevant parameters associated with these activities are found in annual Site Environmental Reports (SNL 2009a, 2010a). Individual screening reviews for each resource area in Chapter 3 of this SA summarize these parameters.

2.4 OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS

Table 2-1 summarizes data for selected operational parameters at SNL/CA to be used in the screening reviews presented in Chapter 3 of this SA. Unless otherwise noted, parameter values from 20 IO are used as a baseline for projecting 2015 values. The 2015 values incorporate projected changes to SNL/CA facilities and operations described in Section 2.2. Because the SWEA FONS! was applicable to any of the alternatives evaluated, values from the SWEA Maximum Operations Alternative are considered to represent a "bounding" scenario, providing the most expansive set of SNL/CA operations evaluated in the 2003 SWEA for which no potential significant environmental impacts were identified.

Table 2-1. Comparison of Selected O erational Parameters Used in SWEA Anal

Extent of DOE land available 410 acres 410 acres 410 acres

Area designated for potential new 93 acres 93 acres 93 acres construction

Change in scenic qualities No No No onstructton o buildings not conforming to No No No establish seismic design criteria

Increase in areas with >10% slope or No No No potential slope destabilizing activities

Increase in likelihood of hazardous materials No (industry-accepted No No spills or releases controls in place)

,'so"

Increase in likelihood of groundwater No No No contamination or activities affecting rate of attenuation of existing groundwater contamination

Use of groundwater No No No

Size of impervious area 76.9 acres 92 acres 95.35 acres'

Increase in likelihood of or evidence of No No No surface water contamination from site runoff

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September2012 2-5

VALUE

PARAMETER SWEA MAXIMUM

OPERATIONS 2010 2015

Disturbance of California red-legged frog habitat

Construction outside existing footprint or 93 acres designated for future development

Annual emissions of:

Volatile organics (VOCs)

Nitrogen dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Total air toxics

Radioactive

Greenhouse gases

Wastewater discharge

Electrical use

Natural gas use

Any substantial improvements to, or new constraints on, infrastructure?

Commuter vehicles

Materials (Annual shipments, radioactive, chemical, and explosives)

Waste shipments (includes hazardous and radioactive)

SNL/CA weekly hazardous materials transports (excluding waste)

Supplier weekly hazardous material transports

Sanitary waste (shipments)

2-6

ALTERNATIVE

No

No

2,534 kg

5,066 kg

612 kg

2,880.16 kg

N/A

29 .1 M gal/yr

48,800 MWh/yr

94 MMCF/yr

No

1,530/day

No longer designated critical habitat onsite

No

1,975 kg

2,440 kg

414 kg

1,075 kg

21,438 metric tons

CO2E

25.4 M gal

37,054 MWh

81.6 MMCF

No

1, 133/day

229 ( every work day)

No critical habitat; will continue to follow requirements outlined in the biological opinion

No

2,469 kg

3,050 kg

518 kg

1,344 kg

25,642 metric tons CO2 E

12 M gal

46,690 MWh

73.86 MMCF

No

1,416/day

32 /yr or 8 / qtr

52/yr (1/wk)

SNUCA SWEA SA DOE/EA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

VALUE

PARAMETER SWEA MAXIMUM

OPERATIONS 2010 2015

Total hazardous waste

Biohazardous waste

Municipal solid waste

Collective involved worker dose

Total recordable cases of accident or injury

Lost workday cases

Consequences of bounding accident

ALTERNATIVE

133,820 kg/yr

843 kg/yr

378.7 metric tons/yr

1.35 person-rem

79/yr

19/yr

No impact to offsite public

Sources: DOE/NNSA 2003a; Flad Architects 2010; Larsen 2010, 2011; SNL 2011a

59,741 kg

109 kg

92 metric tons

0.20 person-rem

14/yr

8/yr

No impact to offsite public

60,000 kg

136 kg (accounts for 25% increase in site population)

134 metric tons

0.20 person-rem

18/yr

10/yr

No impact to offsite public a For purposes of this conservative analysis, completion of Phase I of LVOC was assumed, with one-third of impervious surface allocated to SNL/CA

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

This section identifies major changes and new information regarding the environmental conditions for areas occupied by or surrounding SNL/CA since the issuance of the SWEA. In this context, the term "environment" is taken to mean both the natural environment (e.g., soil, water, biological, and ecological resources) and the human environment (e.g., population, demographics).

2.5.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

There. have been no substantial changes to the natural environment since the SWEA. A redesignation of California red-legged frog critical habitat in 2006 delisted areas of SNL/CA that had previously been considered critical habitat (71 Federal Register 19243). With implementation of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards issued on December 17, 2004 and modified in April 2005 for particulate matter 2.5 micrometers (µm) in diameter and smaller (PM2.5), Alameda County is now designated as a non-attainment area for PM25.

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012 2-7

2.5.2 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

The human environment within and surrounding SNL/CA is largely unchanged since the SWEA, although new housing has been built along the western edge of SNL/CA. This housing is similar in character (home size and value) to other nearby neighborhoods.

2.6 REGULATIONS

Table 2-2 presents changes in Federal laws and regulations; State of California regulations; and select environment, health, and safety DOE directives that have occurred since publication of the SWEA and that are applicable to SNL/CA through the Management and Operating Contract.

Table 2-2. Changes to Laws, Regulations, and Other Requirements since Publication of the SWEA

--- LAW/REGULATION/ EFFECTIVE DATE SUMMARY

REQUIREMENT

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Clean Air Act September 2006 Established PM,.s measurement standards for particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less.

Clean Air Act June 15, 2005 Revisions issued by Bay Area Air Quality Management District to prevent significant increase in health risks from new sources of toxic air contaminants.

40CFR112 February 17, 2006 EPA's revised oil storage regulations that encompass equipment and containers with a capacity of 55 gallons (previously 660 gallons) or more.

Endangered Species Act July 26, 2004 California tiger salamander listed as threatened species.

Endangered Species Act December 8, 2004 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a biological opinion for SNL/CA.site operations that establishes requirements for monitoring, reporting, and protecting threatened species and critical habitat.

Endangered Species Act April 2006 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued final rule for critical habitat for the California red-legged frog.

Energy Policy Act of 2005 August2005 Revision of Energy Act of 1992 that establishes aggressive new goals for Federal energy efficiency and requires the purchase of Energy Star equipment.

Clean Water Act May 2, 2008 Statewide general waste discharge requirements for sanitary sewer systems.

Clean Water Act July 1, 2010 Construction General Permit (Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ) specifying California storm-water discharge requirements.

2-8 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management (EO 13423)

Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance (EO 13514)

DOE Order 151.1C, Comprehensive Emergency Management System

DOE Manual, 231.1-1A, Change 1 and Change 2, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting Manual

DOE Manual 231.1-2, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information

DOE Order 414.1 C, Quality Assurance

DOE Order 430.2B, Departmental Energy, Renewable Energy, and Transportation Management

DOE Order 443.1A, Protection of Human Subjects

DOE Order 450.1A, Environmental Protection Program

DOE Order 460.1 C, Packaging and Transportation Safety

DOE Order 460.2A, Departmental Materials Transportation and Packaging Management

January 24, 2007

October 5, 2009

November 2, 2005

Change 1:

September 9, 2004

Change 2:

June 12, 2007

August19,2003

June 17, 2005

February 27, 2008

December 20, 2007

June 4, 2008

May 14, 2010

December 22, 2004

SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September 2012

Chapter 2-New and/or Modified Operations and Information

Strengthens Federal environmental, energy, and transportation management.

Requires Federal agencies to measure, manage, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; reduce vehicle fleet petroleum use and water use; recycle and divert waste; follow sustainability requirements tor procurements and contracts; and implement zero-net energy use in new Federal buildings.

This order establishes policy and assigns and describes roles and responsibilities for the DOE Emergency Management System.

This manual supplements DOE Order 231.1A and provides detailed requirements for DOE reporting, including time schedules for reporting and data elements to be reported.

This manual provides detailed information for reporting occurrences and managing associated activities at DOE facilities, including NNSA facilities. It complements DOE Order 231.1A, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting and its use is required by that Order.

The order seeks to ensure that DOE, including NNSA, products and services meet or exceed customers' expectations through the implementation of a quality assurance management system.

Requirements for efficient and effective management of energy, water, and vehicle fleets at DOE facilities.

The order establishes DOE procedures and responsibilities for implementing Federal policy and requirements for protection of human subjects during research development, testing, and evaluation investigations.

Through use of Environmental Management Systems at DOE sites, implement sound stewardship practices that are protective of the air, water, land, and other natural and cultural resources impacted by DOE operations, and cost-effectively meet or exceed compliance with applicable environmental, public health, and resource protection laws, regulations, and DOE requirements.

This order establishes safety requirements for proper packaging and transportation of DOE/NNSA offsite shipments and onsite transfers of hazardous materials.

This order establishes requirements and responsibilities for management of DOE/NNSA materials transportation and • packaging to ensure the safe, secure, efficient packaging and transportation of materials, both hazardous and non-hazardous.

2-9

DOE Order 470.4-1, Change 1, March 7, 2006 Safeguards and Security Program Planning and Management

Certified Appliance Recycling Act January 1, 2006

Electronic Waste Recycling Act February 8, 2006

Assembly Bill 32 September 2006

California Code of Regulations Title February 4, 2009

This order establishes nine objectives concerning assurance of appropriate levels of protection against unauthorized access, theft, espionage, and other hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on national security, health and safety, or the environment.

;- ,_").i-Y

This act controls the recycling of discarded major appliances.

Under the law, before disposal of major appliances, it is required that special materials such as refrigeration fluid (CFCs}, used oil, and mercury be removed. The law also established a certification program for individuals and businesses that process major appliances for scrap.

This act provides requirements for universal waste management and disposal.

This bill requires monitoring and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Consolidation of Universal Waste Regulations and Authorized Treatment of Electronic Hazardous Waste.

Sources: DOE/NNSA 2006; _Larnen 2011; SNL/CA 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010; State Water Resources Control Board 2010

2-10 SNUCA SWEA SA DOEIEA-1422-SA-01-September2012

Chapter 3-Screening Review

3.0 SCREENING REVIEW

Chapter 2 provides a discussion of changes in site activities that could result in changes in environmental impacts, changes in the characteristics of the SNL/CA or its environs, and changes in legal and regulatory requirements or guidance.