03_BRACE_CIVIL_SPECIFICATIONS.pdf

DF BUCKWALTER RECREATION ATHLETIC COMPLEX EXPANSION 32147.00

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 07/24

FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING 221113 - 1

SECTION 221113 – FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Requirements of the General and Supplemental Conditions apply to all work in this Section.

Provide all labor, materials, equipment, and services indicated in the Contract Documents for, or incidental to, a complete job.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. The work includes the installation and testing of all distribution lines, service lines, service taps, including meter boxes and covers, meter stop valves, fittings, corporation stops, check valves, gate valves, tapping saddles, and appurtenances as indicated in the Contract Documents.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. REFERENCED STANDARDS: Water installation shall be in accordance with “Ten States Standards”, SCDHEC Regulations, and “Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Technical Specifications” for the Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority. Guidelines can be found at:

https://www.bjwsa.org/DocumentCenter/View/170/Technical-Specifications-Manual-PDF

END OF SECTION 221113

FACILITY SANITARY SEWERS 221313 - 1

SECTION 221313 – FACILITY SANITARY SEWERS

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Requirements of the General and Supplemental Conditions apply to all work in this Section.

Provide all labor, materials, equipment, and services indicated in the Contract Documents for, or incidental to, a complete job.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. The work includes the installation and testing of all Sewer Lines, Manholes, Sewer Service Lines and appurtenances as indicated in the Contract Documents.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. REFERENCED STANDARDS: Sanitary sewer installation shall be in accordance with “Ten States Standards”, SCDHEC Regulations, and “Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Technical Specifications” for the Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority. Guidelines can be found at: https://www.bjwsa.org/DocumentCenter/View/170/Technical-Specifications- Manual-PDF

END OF SECTION 221313

PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT 310506 - 1

SECTION 334200 - STORMWATER CONVEYANCE

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This section contains specifications for the materials, equipment, construction, measurement, and payment for the construction of pervious concrete pavement, mixed in an approved plant, constructed on a prepared surface, and in conformance with the lines, grades, dimensions, thickness, and typical cross-section shown on the Plans or as otherwise specified.

B. The Work to be completed under this Section of the contract includes the furnishing of all labor, materials and equipment necessary for construction of Pervious Concrete Pavement for streets, parking & pedestrian areas in conformance with the Plans and specifications or as otherwise specified.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. See definitions-SCDOT-2007 Standard Specifications for Highway Construction-Section 101- Definition and Terms for some items related to the work of this Section, such as:

1. Equipment-page 8 of SCDOT Specifications

2. Materials-page 8 of SCDOT Specifications

3. Optimum Moisture Content for compaction-page 9 of SCDOT Specifications

4. Road, Roadbed & Roadway-page 11 of SCDOT Specifications

5. Shoulder-page 12 of SCDOT Specifications

6. (the) Specifications 13 of SCDOT Specifications

7. Subbase-page 14 of SCDOT Specifications

8. Subgrade-page 14 of SCDOT Specifications

1.3 RELATED SECTIONS and DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 31 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

B. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 31:

a. Section 310201- Clearing and Grubbing.

b. Section 310203- Roadway & Drainage Excavation.

c. Section 310208- Subgrade

d. Section 310209- Shoulders and Slopes

e. Section 310402- Hot Mix Asphalt–Intermediate Course

f. Section 310403- Hot Mix Asphalt- Surface Course

g. Section 310714- Storm Sewers and Pipe Culverts

h. Section 311714- Underground Drainage Systems

i. Section-312714- Stormwater Reclamation Systems

j. Section 310719- Storm Drainage Structures

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k. Section 310720- Concrete Curbing, Sidewalk & Driveways.

l. Section 310804- Rip Rap & Slope Protection

m. Section 310815- Soil Erosion & Sediment Control.

n. Section 310810- Seeding.

2. Division 33:

a. Section 310901- Potable Water Systems

b. Section 310902- sanitary Sewer Systems

C. References

1. American Concrete Institute

a. ACI 305 “Hot Weather Concreting”

b. ACI 522 “Pervious Concrete Committee Recommendations”

2. American Society for Testing and Materials

a. ASTM C29 “Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate”

b. ASTM C33 “Specification for Concrete Aggregates”

c. ASTM C42 “Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed

Beams of Concrete.”

d. ASTM C117 “Test Method for Material Finer than 75 microns (No. 200) Sieve in

Mineral Aggregates by Washing.”

e. ASTM C138 “Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.”

f. ASTM C140 “Test Method for Concrete Masonry Units

g. ASTM C150 “Specifications for Portland Cement”

h. ASTM C172 “Practice for Sampling Fresh Concrete”

i. ASTM C260 “Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete”

j. ASTM C494 “Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete”

k. ASTM C595 “Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements” (Types IP or IS only)

l. ASTM C618 “Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural

Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.”

m. ASTM C989 “Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in

Concrete and Mortars.”

n. ASTM C1688 “Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Pervious

Concrete”

o. ASTM C1701 “ Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In-Place Pervious

Concrete”

p. ASTM C1754 “Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Hardened

Pervious Concrete”

q. ASTM C1077 “Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Concrete

Aggregates for Use in Construction and criteria for Laboratory Evaluation.”

r. ASTM D1557 “Tests for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil Aggregate

Mixtures Using 10 Pound Rammer and 18-inch Drop.”

s. ASTM E329 “Standard Recommended Practice for Inspection and testing

Agencies for Concrete, Steel and Bituminous Materials as Used in Construction.”

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. Prospective contractors shall attend a mandatory pre-construction meeting where the

Pervious Concrete Pavement project scope and process will be defined by the RCE or industry representatives deemed qualified by the owner.

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2. Prior to award the contractor shall submit evidence of two successful Pervious Concrete Pavement projects including but not limited to the following:

a. Project name and address, owner name and contact information

b. Test results including unit weight, void content and thickness

1) NOTE: This requirement may be waived by the owner provided the contractor can demonstrate successful experience in the concrete industry and provides a test panel for inspection and testing.

3. ACI Certified Concrete Flatwork Finishers or NRMCA certified installers and craftsmen are required to perform the work of this section of the Contract.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. GENERAL:

1. The Contractor shall have the vertical and horizontal layout of the work of this section performed by a surveyor that is duly licensed by the State of South Carolina.

2. The Contractor shall provide the RCE with a copy of the surveyor’s layout plan and cut sheet prior to the commencement of the preparation of the subgrade.

3. Benchmarks: Establish and maintain two corresponding permanent bench marks on the site for reference. All vertical dimensions shall be checked from these benchmarks.

4. Finish Grades: Finished grades, as used herein, mean the final grade elevations indicated on the drawings. Should finished grades shown on spot elevations conflict with those shown by the con-tours, the spot elevations shall govern.

5. Preliminary Grading: Contractor shall remove soft organic type material from all areas within the construction areas. The work area shall be graded to lines and elevations of the Contract drawings and compacted to accept the product.

6. All concrete products to be used for the work of this Section shall be provided by a vendor/supplier who is on the SCDOT list of approved vendors or suppliers. Each specific concrete mix shall be approved for use by the RCE to complete work of this Section through the submittal of a Job Design Mix.

7. The concrete products to be used for the work of this Section shall be generated by a plant that is on the SCDOT list of approved plants.

8. The Contractor shall provide experienced, trained and qualified personnel to perform the work of this Section.

9. The Contractor shall provide the RCE with a copy of the load ticket for each load of product delivered to and used for the work of this Section.

B. SUBMITTALS: Prior to commencement of the work the contractor shall submit the following:

1. Concrete materials:

a. Proposed concrete mixture proportions including all material weights, volumes, unit weight, water cement ratio, aggregate cement ratio and void content.

b. Aggregate type, source and gradation data.

c. Cement, fly ash and admixture manufacturer certifications

2. Qualifications: Evidence of qualifications listed under Quality Assurance.

3. Project details: Specific plans, details, schedule, construction procedures and quality control plan.

4. Subcontractors: List all materials suppliers and subcontractors to be used on the project

5. Test Panels:

a. Prior to construction, a test panel shall be placed to the satisfaction of the owner unless this requirement is waived based on contractor qualifications.

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b. Each test panel shall be a minimum of 225 sq. ft and shall be placed, jointed and cured using materials, equipment, and personnel proposed for the project.

c. Test panel cost and removal, if necessary, shall be included as a line item in the contract proposal and contract.

d. Quality: Test panels shall have acceptable surface finish, joint details and porosity and shall comply with the testing and acceptance standards listed in the Quality Control section of this specification.

e. If test panels placed at the site are found to be deficient in thickness, unit weight or percent-age of voids, or of an unacceptable appearance, they shall be removed at the contractor’s expense and taken to an approved landfill or recycling facility.

f. If test panels are found to be satisfactory, they may be left in-place and included in the completed work.

PART 2 - MATERIALS or PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Cement Products:

1. Cement-Portland cement Type II or V conforming to ASTM C150 or Portland cement

Type IP or IS conforming to ASTM C595.

2. Supplementary Cementitious Materials:

a. Fly ash conforming to ASTM C618 may be used in amounts not to exceed 25% of total cementitious material.

b. Ground Iron Blast-Furnace Slag conforming to ASTM C989 may be used in amounts not to exceed 50% by weight of total cementitious material

3. Chemical Admixtures:

a. Air entraining agents shall comply with ASTM C260.

b. Water Reducing Admixtures shall comply with ASTM C494

c. Hydration stabilizer shall meet the requirements of ASTM C494. Hydration stabilizers are recommended to increase concrete placement time to 90 minutes and improve placement and finishing operations.

4. Aggregates:

a. Use a maximum 3/8” coarse aggregate that meets ASTM C33 Size 8 (3/8” to No.

16).

b. Fine aggregate meeting ASTM C33, if used, shall not exceed 3 cu. ft. If other aggregate sizes are proposed, testing to assure unit weight, void content and workability must be submit-ted for approval.

c. Larger aggregate sizes may increase porosity but can decrease workability. Avoid well graded aggregates as they may reduce porosity, and may not meet void specifications.

d. Where available, natural rounded aggregates are recommended.

5. Water:

a. Potable water shall comply with local water standards.

B. Cement Mixture Proportions:

1. Cementitious Content: For vehicle pavements, total cementitious content not less than

630 lbs/cy. For pedestrian pavements, total Cementious not less than 600 lbs/cy.

2. Supplementary cementitious content: Fly ash: 25% maximum. Slag: 50% maximum

3. Water/Cementitious Ratio: For vehicle pavements: 0.30 For pedestrian pavements: 0.35

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4. Aggregate Content: The volume of aggregate per cubic yard shall be equal to 27 cubic foot when calculated as a function of the unit weight determined in accordance with ASTM C29 jigging procedure.

5. Admixtures: Admixture shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.

6. Mix Water: Mix water quantity shall be such that the cement paste displays a wet metallic sheen without causing the paste to flow from the aggregate. Mix water yielding a cement paste with a dull-dry appearance has insufficient water for hydration. Insufficient water results in inconsistency in the mix and poor bond strength between aggregate particles. High water content results in the paste reducing or eliminating the void system required

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 Subgrade:

A. Material: The top 6 inches shall be composed of # 57 stone placed in accordance with the line, grades, and dimensions shown on the Plans. The subgrade shall be placed over a prepare over a granular well compacted subbase.

B. Permeability: Subgrade should have a minimum permeability of 0.5 inch per hour. One suggested test for subgrade permeability is the double ring infiltrometer as per ASTM Standards

C. Compaction: Compact sub-grade to at least 90% Standard Proctor Density per ASTM D 698.

Compaction to 95% as per ASTM D 1557 may be necessary for areas subject to vehicular traffic.

D. Fill: If fill material is required to bring the subgrade to final elevation, it shall be clean and free of deleterious materials. It shall be placed in 6-inch maximum layers, and compacted by a mechanical vibratory compactor to a minimum density of 95% Modified Proctor as established by ASTM 1557.

E. Moisture: The subgrade moisture content shall be 1% - 3% above optimum as determined by

ASTM D1557.

F. Inspection of Subgrade: Inspect subgrade preparation, elevations, and conduct density tests for conformance to specifications

3.2 Formwork:

A. Forms may be of wood or steel and shall be the depth of the pavement.

B. Forms shall be of sufficient strength and stability to support mechanical equipment without deformation of plan profiles following spreading, strike-off and compaction operations.

C. Forms may have a removable spacer of ½” to ¾” thickness placed above the depth of pavement.

The spacers are removed following placement and vibratory strike-off to allow roller compaction.

PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT 310506 - 6

3.3 Mixing and Hauling:

A. Mixing: Truck mixers shall be operated at the speed designated as mixing speed by the manufacturer for 75 – 100 revolutions.

B. Transportation: The Pervious concrete mixture may be transported or mixed on site and shall be used within one (1) hour of the introduction of mix water to the cement unless a hydration stabilizer is utilized in the concrete mixture. Times may be extended to 90 minutes using a hydration stabilizer.

C. Discharge: Each truckload will be inspected for consistency of concrete mixture as per the description listed under Water Content in the Materials section of this specification. Water may be added to obtain the required mix consistency. A minimum of 30 revolutions at the manufacturer’s designated mixing speed shall be required following the addition of any water to the mix. Dis-charge shall be a continuous operation and shall be completed as quickly as possible. Concrete shall be deposited as close to its final position as practical and such that fresh concrete enters the mass of previously placed concrete.

3.4 Placing and Finishing:

A. The Contractor shall provide either slip form or vibratory form riding equipment to place the concrete unless otherwise approved by the RCE in writing. No internal vibration shall be allowed.

B. Normal placement procedures involve utilizing a mechanical vibratory screed to strike off the concrete ½” to 3/4” above final height, utilizing the form spacers described in Formwork.

C. Workers shall avoid stepping on the plastic concrete immediately after its placement. Foot pressure can compress and force cement paste into the voids at the bottom of the slab, forming resistance to the percolation through the slab.

D. Following strike-off, remove spacers and compact the concrete to the form level, utilizing either a steel roller or a plate compactor or other method approved by the Owner

E. Hand tampers shall be used to compact the concrete along the slab edges immediately adjacent to the forms

F. The pervious concrete pavement shall be compacted to the required typical cross-section and shall not deviate more than +/- 3/8 inch in 10 feet from profile grade.

3.5 Curing:

A. Curing procedures shall begin no longer than 20 minutes after final placement operations.

1. The pavement surface shall be covered with a minimum of six (6) mil thick polyethylene sheet or other approved covering material.

2. The cover shall overlap all exposed edges and shall be secured to prevent dislocation due to winds or adjacent traffic conditions.

3. For additional guidance on hot weather concreting, see ACI 305.

PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT 310506 - 7

B. The low water/cement ratio and high amount of exposed surface of pervious concrete makes it especially susceptible to drying out. Keep the surface moist using a spray applied curing com-pound and/or evaporation retarder immediately after screeding.

C. The curing cover shall remain securely in place for 7 days minimum. No auto traffic shall be allowed on the pavement until curing is complete and no truck traffic shall be allowed for 14 days

3.6 Jointing

A. Pervious pavement will generate cracking similar to conventional concrete pavements. Due to the porous surface of pervious concrete, cracking is not as readily noticeable as with an impervious concrete. For this reason jointing is considered optional.

B. Control (contraction) joints shall be installed at regular intervals not to exceed 40 feet, or two times the width of the placement. The control joints shall be installed at ¼ the depth (to a maxi-mum depth of 1½”) of the thickness of the pavement. These joints can be installed in the plastic concrete or saw cut.

C. Jointing plastic concrete: Joints installed in the plastic concrete are generally rolled in utilizing a small roller with a beveled flange welded to the circumference. This type of jointing is done immediately after roller compaction and prior to curing.

D. Jointing hardened concrete: Joints may be saw-cut using an early entry saw. Saw-cuts shall be made as soon as the pavement has hardened sufficiently to prevent raveling and uncontrolled cracking. Early entry sawing occurs later with pervious concrete than with conventional concrete. For either method, the curing cover shall be removed and the surface kept misted to prevent moisture loss. After sawing the curing cover shall be securely replaced for the remainder of the curing cycle.

E. Transverse construction joints: Transverse construction joints shall be installed whenever placing is suspended for 30 minutes or whenever concrete is no longer workable. Isolation joints: Isolation joints shall be used when abutting fixed vertical structures such i.e. light pole bases, building foundations, etc.

3.7 Quality Control:

A. The testing laboratory shall conform to the requirements of ASTM E329 and ASTM C1077. All personnel engage in testing shall be certified by the American Concrete Institute as ACI Concrete Field Technicians and be able to present their wallet cards upon request

B. Traditional Portland cement pavement testing procedures based on strength and slump control are not applicable to this type of pavement material. Concrete tests shall be performed for each 150 cubic yards or fraction thereof with a minimum of one test for each day’s placement.

C. Plastic concrete shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM C 172 and tested for unit weight in accordance with ASTM C 1688. The unit weight of the delivered concrete shall be +/- 5 pcf of the design unit weight.

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D. Plastic void content shall be calculated as per ASTM C1688 and compared to the void percentage used in Hydraulic design. Void content shall normally be be-tween 15% and 25%.

E. Hardened concrete shall be tested at a rate of one set of three cores per 150 cy.of concrete placed on one day or fraction thereof. The cores shall be drilled in accordance with ASTM C

42. The cores when measured for length shall not be less than the specified design thickness.

F. The infiltration rate for the hardened concrete shall be tested using ASTM C1701.

G. The hardened cores shall be tested for density and void content using ASTM C1754. Measured unit weight shall be +/- 5 pcf. of the test panel unit weight. Measured void content shall not be less than the void content provide in the approved design mix.

PART 4 - MEASUREMENT

4.1 GENERAL

A. The quantity for the pay item Pervious Concrete Pavement is the surface area of the porous concrete pavement that is constructed and is measured by the square yard (SY), complete, and accepted.

PART 5 - PAYMENT

5.1 GENERAL

A. Payment for the accepted quantity for Pervious Concrete Pavement, measured in accordance with Subsection 4.01 of these Specifications, is determined using the contract unit bid price for the pay item, or as;

B. Specified elsewhere in the contract documents.

C. Payment is full compensation for Porous Concrete Pavement as specified or directed and includes all materials, labor, equipment, tools, supplies, transportation, and incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the Plans, the Specifications, and other terms of the Contract.

END OF SECTION 310506

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 1

SECTION 311000 - SITE CLEARING

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Protecting existing vegetation to remain.

2. Removing existing vegetation.

3. Clearing and grubbing.

4. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

5. Stripping and stockpiling rock.

6. Removing above- and below-grade site improvements.

7. Temporary erosion and sedimentation control.

B. Related Requirements:

1. Section 015000 "Temporary Facilities and Controls" for temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Subsoil: Soil beneath the level of subgrade; soil beneath the topsoil layers of a naturally occurring soil profile, typified by less than 1 percent organic matter and few soil organisms.

B. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile. In undisturbed areas, surface soil is typically called "topsoil," but in disturbed areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil.

C. Topsoil: Top layer of the soil profile consisting of existing native surface topsoil or existing in-place surface soil; the zone where plant roots grow.

D. Topsoil: Top layer of the soil profile consisting of existing native surface topsoil or existing in-place surface soil; the zone where plant roots grow. Its appearance is generally friable, pervious, and black or a darker shade of brown, gray, or red than underlying subsoil; reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, gravel, and other objects larger than 2 inches in diameter; and free of weeds, roots, toxic materials, or other nonsoil materials.

E. Plant-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees, groups of trees, shrubs, or other vegetation to be protected during construction and indicated on Drawings.

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 2

F. Tree-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees or groups of trees to be protected during construction and indicated on Drawings.

G. Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, groundcovers, grass, and other plants.

1.4 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP

A. Except for materials indicated to be stockpiled or otherwise remain Owner's property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed from project site.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Existing Conditions: Documentation of existing trees and plantings, adjoining construction, and site improvements that establishes preconstruction conditions that might be misconstrued as damage caused by site clearing.

1. Use sufficiently detailed photographs or video recordings.

2. Include plans and notations to indicate specific wounds and damage conditions of each tree or other plant designated to remain.

B. Topsoil stripping and stockpiling program.

C. Rock stockpiling program.

D. Record Drawings: Identifying and accurately showing locations of capped utilities and other subsurface structural, electrical, and mechanical conditions.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling Program: Prepare a written program to systematically demonstrate the ability of personnel to properly follow procedures and handle materials and equipment during the Work. Include dimensioned diagrams for placement and protection of stockpiles.

B. Rock Stockpiling Program: Prepare a written program to systematically demonstrate the ability of personnel to properly follow procedures and handle materials and equipment during the Work. Include dimensioned diagrams for placement and protection of stockpiles.

1.7 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during site-clearing operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed trafficways if required by Owner or authorities having jurisdiction.

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 3

B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing site clearing indicated on property adjoining Owner's property will be obtained by Owner before award of Contract.

1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Engineer.

C. Salvageable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Owner's premises where indicated.

D. Utility Locator Service: Notify SC811; 888-721-7877 for area where Project is located before site clearing.

E. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control and plant-protection measures are in place.

F. Tree- and Plant-Protection Zones: Protect according to requirements in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection."

G. Soil Stripping, Handling, and Stockpiling: Perform only when the soil is dry or slightly moist.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Satisfactory Soil Material: Requirements for satisfactory soil material are specified in Section 312000 "Earth Moving."

1. Obtain approved borrow soil material off-site when satisfactory soil material is not available on-site.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction.

B. Verify that trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to remain or to be relocated have been flagged and that protection zones have been identified and enclosed according to requirements in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection."

C. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.

1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner.

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 4

3.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

A. Provide temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures to prevent soil erosion and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways, according to erosion- and sedimentation-control Drawings and requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Verify that flows of water redirected from construction areas or generated by construction activity do not enter or cross protection zones.

C. Inspect, maintain, and repair erosion- and sedimentation-control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.

D. Remove erosion and sedimentation controls and areas disturbed during removal shall be restored and stabilize.

3.3 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION

A. Protect trees and plants remaining on-site according to requirements in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection."

B. Repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations according to requirements in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection."

3.4 EXISTING UTILITIES

A. Contractor will arrange for disconnecting and sealing indicated utilities that serve existing structures before site clearing. The Owner is to be notified when regulatory approval has been granted.

1. Verify that utilities have been disconnected and capped before proceeding with site clearing.

B. Contractor will locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap utilities indicated to be removed or abandoned in place.

1. Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities. The Owner is to be notified when regulatory approval has been granted.

2. Contractor will arrange to shut off indicated utilities.

C. Contractor will locate, identify, and disconnect utilities indicated to be abandoned in place.

D. Interrupting Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others, unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Owner not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Owners written permission.

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 5

E. Removal of underground utilities is included in earthwork sections; in applicable fire suppression, plumbing, HVAC, electrical, communications, electronic safety and security, and utilities sections; and in Section 024119 "Selective Demolition."

3.5 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Remove obstructions, trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to permit installation of new construction.

1. Do not remove trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or to be relocated.

2. Grind down stumps and remove roots larger than 2 inches in diameter, obstructions, and debris to a depth of 18 inches below exposed subgrade.

3. Use only hand methods or air spade for grubbing within protection zones.

4. Chip removed tree branches and dispose of off-site.

B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches, and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.

3.6 TOPSOIL STRIPPING

A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.

1. Remove subsoil and nonsoil materials from topsoil, including clay lumps, gravel, and other objects larger than 2 inches in diameter; trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials.

B. Stockpile topsoil away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil or other materials. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust and erosion by water.

1. Limit height of topsoil stockpiles to 72 inches.

2. Do not stockpile topsoil within protection zones.

3. Dispose of surplus topsoil. Surplus topsoil is that which exceeds quantity indicated to be stockpiled or reused.

3.7 STOCKPILING ROCK

A. Remove from construction area naturally formed rocks that measure more than 1 foot across in least dimension. Do not include excavated or crushed rock.

1. Separate or wash off non-rock materials from rocks, including soil, clay lumps, gravel, and other objects larger than 2 inches in diameter; trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials.

SITE CLEARING 311000 - 6

B. Stockpile rock away from edge of excavations without intermixing with other materials. Cover to prevent windblown debris from accumulating among rocks.

1. Limit height of rock stockpiles to 36 inches.

2. Do not stockpile rock within protection zones.

3. Stockpile surplus rock to allow later use by the Owner.

3.8 SITE IMPROVEMENTS

A. Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and necessary to facilitate new construction.

B. Remove slabs, paving, curbs, gutters, and aggregate base as indicated.

1. Unless existing full-depth joints coincide with line of demolition, neatly saw-cut along line of existing pavement to remain before removing adjacent existing pavement. Saw-cut faces vertically.

2. Paint cut ends of steel reinforcement in concrete to remain with two coats of antirust coating, following coating manufacturer's written instructions. Keep paint off surfaces that will remain exposed.

3.9 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.

B. Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other nonrecyclable materials.

Store or stockpile without intermixing with other materials and transport them to recycling facilities. Do not interfere with other Project work.

END OF SECTION 311000

EARTH MOVING 312000 - 1

SECTION 312000 - EARTH MOVING

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

B. Refer to the Geotechnical Report located in Appendix A of the Contract Documents for Geotechnical Recommendations.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Excavating and filling for rough grading the Site.

2. Preparing subgrades for slabs-on-grade, walks, pavements, turf and grasses and plants.

3. Excavating and backfilling for buildings and structures.

4. Drainage course for concrete slabs-on-grade.

5. Subbase course for concrete walks and pavements.

6. Subbase course and base course for asphalt paving.

7. Subsurface drainage backfill for walls and trenches.

8. Excavating and backfilling trenches for utilities and pits for buried utility structures.

B. Related Requirements:

1. Section 033000 “Cast-in-Place Concrete" for granular course if placed over vapor retarder and beneath the slab-on-grade.

2. Section 311000 "Site Clearing" for site stripping, grubbing, stripping and stockpiling topsoil, and removal of above- and below-grade improvements and utilities.

3. Section 312319 "Dewatering" for lowering and disposing of ground water during construction.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Backfill: Soil material or controlled low-strength material used to fill an excavation.

1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.

2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.

B. Base Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subbase course and hot-mix asphalt paving.

C. Bedding Course: Aggregate layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

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D. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

E. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

F. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.

G. Subbase Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and base course for hot-mix asphalt pavement, or aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and a cement concrete pavement or a cement concrete or hot-mix asphalt walk.

H. Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, drainage course, or topsoil materials.

I. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of the following manufactured products required:

1. Geotextiles.

2. Controlled low-strength material, including design mixture.

3. Warning tapes.

B. Samples for Verification: For the following products, in sizes indicated below:

1. Geotextile: 12 by 12 inches.

2. Warning Tape: 12 inches long; of each color.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Qualification Data: For qualified testing agency.

B. Material Test Reports: For each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill as follows:

1. Classification according to ASTM D 2487.

2. Laboratory compaction curve according to ASTM D 1557.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Geotechnical Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM E 329 and ASTM D 3740 for testing indicated.

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1.7 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during earth-moving operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing earth moving indicated on property adjoining Owner's property will be obtained by Owner before award of Contract.

1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Owner.

C. Utility Locator Service: Notify sc811; 888-721-7877 for area where Project is located before beginning earth-moving operations.

D. Do not commence earth-moving operations until temporary site fencing and erosion- and sedimentation-control measures specified in Section 311000 "Site Clearing" are in place.

E. Do not commence earth-moving operations until plant-protection measures specified in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection" are in place.

F. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:

1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.

2. Parking vehicles or equipment.

3. Foot traffic.

4. Erection of sheds or structures.

5. Impoundment of water.

6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.

7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated.

G. Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones.

H. Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Satisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

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C. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 3 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

D. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940/D 2940M; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

E. Base Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 294/D 2940M 0; with at least 95 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

F. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940/D 2940M; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

G. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940/D 2940M; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

H. Filter Material: Narrowly graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, or crushed stone and natural sand; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 67; with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and zero to 5 percent passing a No. 4 sieve.

I. Sand: ASTM C 33/C 33M; fine aggregate.

2.2 GEOTEXTILES

A. Separation Geotextile: Woven geotextile fabric, manufactured for separation applications, made from polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation less than 50 percent; complying with AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per test methods referenced:

1. Survivability: Class 2; AASHTO M 288.

2. Survivability: As follows:

a. Grab Tensile Strength: 247 lbf; ASTM D 4632.

b. Sewn Seam Strength: 222 lbf; ASTM D 4632.

c. Tear Strength: 90 lbf; ASTM D 4533.

d. Puncture Strength: 90 lbf; ASTM D 4833.

3. Apparent Opening Size: No. 60 sieve, maximum; ASTM D 4751.

4. Permittivity: 0.02 per second, minimum; ASTM D 4491.

5. UV Stability: 50 percent after 500 hours' exposure; ASTM D 4355.

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2.3 CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL

A. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Self-compacting, flowable concrete material produced from the following:

1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150/C 150M, Type I.

2. Fly Ash: ASTM C 618, Class C or F.

3. Normal-Weight Aggregate: ASTM C 33/C 33M, 3/4-inch nominal maximum aggregate size.

4. Water: ASTM C 94/C 94M.

B. Produce low-density, controlled low-strength material with the following physical properties:

1. As-Cast Unit Weight: 36 to 42 lb/cu. ft. at point of placement, when tested according to

ASTM C 138/C 138M.

2. Compressive Strength: 140 psi, when tested according to ASTM C 495/C 495M.

C. Produce conventional-weight, controlled low-strength material with 100-psi to 200-psi compressive strength when tested according to ASTM C 495/C 495M.

2.4 ACCESSORIES

A. Detectable Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, a minimum of 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility, with metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection, detectable by metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches deep; colored as follows:

1. Red: Electric.

2. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, and dangerous materials.

3. Orange: Telephone and other communications.

4. Blue: Water systems.

5. Green: Sewer systems.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earth-moving operations.

B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-moving operations.

C. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials.

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3.2 DEWATERING

A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area.

B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation.

1. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.

3.3 EXPLOSIVES

A. Explosives: Do not use explosives.

3.4 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.

1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

2. Earth excavation includes excavating pavements and obstructions visible on surface;

underground structures, utilities, and other items indicated to be removed; and soil, boulders, and other materials not classified as rock or unauthorized excavation.

a. Intermittent drilling; blasting, if permitted; ram hammering; or ripping of material not classified as rock excavation is earth excavation.

3.5 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections.

1. Excavations for Footings and Foundations: Do not disturb bottom of excavation.

Excavate by hand to final grade just before placing concrete reinforcement. Trim bottoms to required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

2. If unsuitable soils are encountered at the base of the planned footing excavation, the excavation should be extended deeper to suitable soils, and the footings could bear directly on these soils at the lower level or on lean concrete backfill placed in the excavations.

3. Excavation for Underground Tanks, Basins, and Mechanical or Electrical Utility Structures: Excavate to elevations and dimensions indicated within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. Do not disturb bottom of excavations intended as bearing surfaces.

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B. Excavations at Edges of Tree- and Plant-Protection Zones:

1. Excavate by hand or with an air spade to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades. If excavating by hand, use narrow-tine spading forks to comb soil and expose roots. Do not break, tear, or chop exposed roots. Do not use mechanical equipment that rips, tears, or pulls roots.

3.6 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS

A. Excavate surfaces under walks and pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades.

3.7 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES

A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.

1. Beyond building perimeter, excavate trenches to allow installation of top of pipe below frost line.

B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe or conduit unless otherwise indicated.

1. Clearance: 12 inches each side of pipe or conduit.

C. Trench Bottoms: Any trenches should be backfilled with Control Fill as described previously

D. Trenches in Tree- and Plant-Protection Zones:

1. Hand-excavate to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades. Use narrow-tine spading forks to comb soil and expose roots. Do not break, tear, or chop exposed roots. Do not use mechanical equipment that rips, tears, or pulls roots.

2. Do not cut main lateral roots or taproots; cut only smaller roots that interfere with installation of utilities.

3. Cut and protect roots according to requirements in Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection."

3.8 SUBGRADE INSPECTION

A. Notify Geotechnical Engineer when excavations have reached required subgrade.

B. If Geotechnical Engineer determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with compacted backfill or fill material as directed.

C. Proof-roll subgrade below the building slabs and pavements with a loaded, tandem-axle dump truck to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof-roll wet or saturated subgrades.

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1. Completely proof-roll subgrade in one direction, repeating proof-rolling in direction perpendicular to first direction. Limit vehicle speed to 3 mph.

2. Excavate soft spots, unsatisfactory soils, and areas of excessive pumping or rutting, as determined by Geotechnical Engineer, and replace with compacted backfill or fill as directed.

D. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for unit prices.

E. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Engineer, without additional compensation.

3.9 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION

A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation and backfilling with Controlled Fill or #57 stone up to the footing base elevation without altering top elevation. Lean concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 4000 psi, may be used when approved by Engineer.

1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction, pipe, or conduit as directed by Engineer.

3.10 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing.

Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees.

3.11 BACKFILL

A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Construction below finish grade including, where applicable, subdrainage, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2. Surveying locations of underground utilities for Record Documents.

3. Testing and inspecting underground utilities.

4. Removing trash and debris.

5. Removing temporary shoring, bracing, and sheeting.

6. Installing permanent or temporary horizontal bracing on horizontally supported walls.

B. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

3.12 UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL

A. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

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B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated.