321313 - CONCRETE PAVING.DOC

UNIT TRAINING EQUIPMENT SITE ADD/ALT

Copyright 2009 by The American Institute of Architects (AIA)

Exclusively published and distributed by Architectural Computer Services, Inc. (ARCOM) for the AIA

SECTION 321313 - CONCRETE PAVING

Revise this Section by deleting and inserting text to meet Project-specific requirements.

This Section uses the term "Architect." Change this term to match that used to identify the design professional as defined in the General and Supplementary Conditions.

Verify that Section titles referenced in this Section are correct for this Project's Specifications; Section titles may have changed.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Driveways/aprons.

2. Roadways.

3. Parking lots.

4. Curbs and gutters.

5. Walks.

1.2 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.

First paragraph below assumes manufacturer's standard-size Samples are acceptable. Revise to suit Project.

B. Samples: For each exposed product and for each color and texture specified.

C. Other Action Submittals:

1. Design Mixtures: For each concrete paving mixture. Include alternate design mixtures when characteristics of materials, Project conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant adjustments.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Ready-Mix-Concrete Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm experienced in manufacturing ready-mixed concrete products and that complies with ASTM C 94/C 94M requirements for production facilities and equipment.

B. ACI Publications: Comply with ACI 301 (ACI 301M) unless otherwise indicated.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Retain first paragraph below if recycled content is required for LEED Credit MR 4. The USGBC allows a default value of 25 percent to be used for steel, without documentation; higher percentages can be claimed if they are supported by appropriate documentation.

A. Recycled Content: Postconsumer recycled content plus one-half of preconsumer recycled content not less than 25 percent.

B. Plain-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 185/A 185M, fabricated from as-drawn steel wire into flat sheets.

C. Deformed-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 497/A 497M, flat sheet.

D. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (Grade 420); deformed.

E. Plain-Steel Wire: ASTM A 82/A 82M, as drawn.

F. Deformed-Steel Wire: ASTM A 496/A 496M.

Retain option in first paragraph below if required or if retaining wheel stops secured with galvanized dowels.

G. Dowel Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (Grade 420) plain-steel bars; zinc coated (galvanized) after fabrication according to ASTM A 767/A 767M, Class I coating. Cut bars true to length with ends square and free of burrs.

H. Bar Supports: Bolsters, chairs, spacers, and other devices for spacing, supporting, and fastening reinforcing bars, welded wire reinforcement, and dowels in place. Manufacture bar supports according to CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" from steel wire, plastic, or precast concrete of greater compressive strength than concrete specified.

2.2 CONCRETE MATERIALS

A. Cementitious Material: Use the following cementitious materials, of same type, brand, and source throughout Project:

Generally retain first option in first subparagraph below unless concrete with lighter shades or brighter colors is required.

1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, white portland cement Type I or Type II.

Retain one or both of first two subparagraphs below if supplementary cementing materials are permitted.

a. Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag: ASTM C 989, Grade 100 or 120.

Retain subparagraph below if factory-blended hydraulic cement is permitted. Verify availability of options before specifying.

Retain one of three options in first paragraph below or revise to suit Project. Insert requirement for recycled content of coarse aggregate if required for LEED Credits MR 4. Verify availability before specifying. See Evaluations.

B. Normal-Weight Aggregates: ASTM C 33, Class 4M, uniformly graded. Provide aggregates from a single source.

C. Water: Potable and complying with ASTM C 94/C 94M.

D. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260.

E. Chemical Admixtures: Admixtures certified by manufacturer to be compatible with other admixtures and to contain not more than 0.1 percent water-soluble chloride ions by mass of cementitious material.

Retain paragraph below for integrally colored concrete paving.

F. Color Pigment: ASTM C 979, synthetic mineral-oxide pigments or colored water-reducing admixtures; color stable, free of carbon black, nonfading, and resistant to lime and other alkalis.

2.3 CURING MATERIALS

A. Clear BASF Sonneborn, “Kure-N-Seal” Curing Compound: Apply 2 coats. ASTM C 309, Type 1, Class B, dissipating.

2.4 RELATED MATERIALS

A. Expansion-Joint Filler Strips: Polyethylene closed-cell backing for Sonolastic Sealants.

B. Isolation- and Control -Joint Filler Strips: Closed –cell Backer-Rod and Soft Backer-Rod. ASTM C 1330, Type B and C.

2.5 PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Retain one of two paragraphs below if pavement marking is required. Verify availability with marking-paint manufacturers.

Some formulations of waterborne emulsions are very quick drying, others less so; see manufacturers' literature.

A. Pavement-Marking Paint: Latex, waterborne emulsion, lead and chromate free, ready mixed, complying with FS TT-P-1952, Type II, with drying time of less than three minutes.

If more than one color is required, indicate locations of each on Drawings or by inserts.

1. Color: White, Yellow or Blue As indicated.

B. Pavement-Marking Paint: MPI #97 Latex Traffic Marking Paint.

1. Color: White, Yellow or Blue As indicated.

If more than one color is required, indicate locations of each on Drawings or by inserts.

2.6 CONCRETE MIXTURES

Some authorities having jurisdiction prescribe concrete mixture requirements; revise this article to suit those requirements if any.

A. Prepare design mixtures, proportioned according to ACI 301 (ACI 301M), with the following properties:

1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 4000 psi (27.6 MPa).

2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio at Point of Placement: 0.45.

3. Slump Limit: 4 inches (100 mm), plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

4. Air Content: 6 percent plus or minus 1.5 percent.

B. Chemical Admixtures: Use admixtures according to manufacturer's written instructions.

2.7 CONCRETE MIXING

Retain option in paragraph below if synthetic-fiber reinforcement is required.

A. Ready-Mixed Concrete: Measure, batch, and mix concrete materials and concrete according to ASTM C 94/C 94M and ASTM C 1116/C 1116M. Furnish batch certificates for each batch discharged and used in the Work.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION AND PREPARATION

A. Proof-roll prepared subbase surface below concrete paving to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding.

B. Remove loose material from compacted subbase surface immediately before placing concrete.

3.2 EDGE FORMS AND SCREED CONSTRUCTION

A. Set, brace, and secure edge forms, bulkheads, and intermediate screed guides to required lines, grades, and elevations. Install forms to allow continuous progress of work and so forms can remain in place at least 24 hours after concrete placement.

B. Clean forms after each use and coat with form-release agent to ensure separation from concrete without damage.

3.3 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

A. General: Comply with CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" for fabricating, placing, and supporting reinforcement.

3.4 JOINTS

A. General: Form construction, isolation, and contraction joints and tool edges true to line, with faces perpendicular to surface plane of concrete. Construct transverse joints at right angles to centerline unless otherwise indicated.

B. Construction Joints: Set construction joints at side and end terminations of paving and at locations where paving operations are stopped for more than one-half hour unless paving terminates at isolation joints.

C. Isolation Joints: Form isolation joints of preformed joint-filler strips abutting concrete curbs, catch basins, manholes, inlets, structures, other fixed objects, and where indicated.

D. Contraction Joints: Form weakened-plane contraction joints, sectioning concrete into areas as indicated. Construct contraction joints for a depth equal to at least one-fourth of the concrete thickness, to match jointing of existing adjacent concrete paving:

E. Edging: After initial floating, tool edges of paving, gutters, curbs, and joints in concrete with an edging tool to a 1/4-inch (6-mm) radius. Repeat tooling of edges after applying surface finishes. Eliminate edging-tool marks on concrete surfaces.

3.5 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

A. Moisten subbase to provide a uniform dampened condition at time concrete is placed.

B. Comply with ACI 301 (ACI 301M) requirements for measuring, mixing, transporting, placing, and consolidating concrete.

C. Deposit and spread concrete in a continuous operation between transverse joints. Do not push or drag concrete into place or use vibrators to move concrete into place.

D. Screed paving surface with a straightedge and strike off.

E. Commence initial floating using bull floats or darbies to impart an open-textured and uniform surface plane before excess moisture or bleed water appears on the surface. Do not further disturb concrete surfaces before beginning finishing operations or spreading surface treatments.

3.6 FLOAT FINISHING

A. General: Do not add water to concrete surfaces during finishing operations.

Initial floating operation is included in "Concrete Placement" Article.

B. Float Finish: Begin the second floating operation when bleed-water sheen has disappeared and concrete surface has stiffened sufficiently to permit operations. Float surface with power-driven floats or by hand floating if area is small or inaccessible to power units. Finish surfaces to true planes. Cut down high spots and fill low spots. Refloat surface immediately to uniform granular texture.

Retain one or more of three subparagraphs below or revise to suit Project.

1. Medium-to-Fine-Textured Broom Finish: Draw a soft-bristle broom across float-finished concrete surface perpendicular to line of traffic to provide a uniform, fine-line texture.

3.7 CONCRETE PROTECTION AND CURING

A. General: Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold or hot temperatures.

B. Comply with ACI 306.1 for cold-weather protection.

C. Evaporation Retarder: Apply evaporation retarder to concrete surfaces if hot, dry, or windy conditions cause moisture loss approaching 0.2 lb/sq. ft. x h (1 kg/sq. m x h) before and during finishing operations. Apply according to manufacturer's written instructions after placing, screeding, and bull floating or darbying concrete but before float finishing.

D. Begin curing after finishing concrete but not before free water has disappeared from concrete surface.

Retain one or more options in paragraph below.

E. Curing Methods: Cure concrete by curing compound.

3.8 PAVING TOLERANCES

A. Comply with tolerances in ACI 117 and as follows:

ACI 117 establishes few paving tolerances; those in subparagraphs below are based on ACI 330.1.

1. Elevation: 3/4 inch (19 mm).

2. Thickness: Plus 3/8 inch (10 mm), minus 1/4 inch (6 mm).

3. Surface: Gap below 10-foot- (3-m-) long, unleveled straightedge not to exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm).

4. Joint Spacing: 3 inches (75 mm).

5. Contraction Joint Depth: Plus 1/4 inch (6 mm), no minus.

6. Joint Width: Plus 1/8 inch (3 mm), no minus.

3.9 PAVEMENT MARKING

A. Allow concrete paving to cure for a minimum of 28 days and be dry before starting pavement marking.

B. Sweep and clean surface to eliminate loose material and dust.

C. Apply paint with mechanical equipment to produce markings of dimensions indicated with uniform, straight edges. Apply at manufacturer's recommended rates to provide a minimum wet film thickness of 15 mils (0.4 mm).

3.10 REPAIRS AND PROTECTION

A. Remove and replace concrete paving that is broken, damaged, or defective or that does not comply with requirements in this Section. Remove work in complete sections from joint to joint unless otherwise approved by Architect.

B. Protect concrete paving from damage. Exclude traffic from paving for at least 14 days after placement. When construction traffic is permitted, maintain paving as clean as possible by removing surface stains and spillage of materials as they occur.

C. Maintain concrete paving free of stains, discoloration, dirt, and other foreign material. Sweep paving not more than two days before date scheduled for Substantial Completion inspections.

END OF SECTION 321313