088000 - GLAZING.DOC

UNIT TRAINING EQUIPMENT SITE ADD/ALTER

Copyright 2010 by The American Institute of Architects (AIA)

Exclusively published and distributed by Architectural Computer Services, Inc. (ARCOM) for the AIA

SECTION 088000 - GLAZING

Revise this Section by deleting and inserting text to meet Project-specific requirements.

This Section uses the term "Architect." Change this term to match that used to identify the design professional as defined in the General and Supplementary Conditions.

Verify that Section titles referenced in this Section are correct for this Project's Specifications; Section titles may have changed.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

Retain or delete this article in all Sections of Project Manual.

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section includes glazing for the following products and applications, including those specified in other Sections where glazing requirements are specified by reference to this Section:

1. Doors.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

Retain definition(s) remaining after this Section has been edited.

A. Glass Manufacturers: Firms that produce primary glass, fabricated glass, or both, as defined in referenced glazing publications.

ASTM C 1036 also includes traditional thickness designations in IP units, but all thicknesses in this Section are expressed in millimeters.

B. Glass Thicknesses: Indicated by thickness designations in millimeters according to ASTM C 1036.

C. Interspace: Space between lites of an insulating-glass unit.

1.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. General: Installed glazing systems shall withstand normal thermal movement and wind and impact loads (where applicable) without failure, including loss or glass breakage attributable to the following: defective manufacture, fabrication, or installation; failure of sealants or gaskets to remain watertight and airtight; deterioration of glazing materials; or other defects in construction.

Retain first paragraph below if Contractor is required to assume responsibility for design. ASTM E 1300 is referenced in the 2006 International Building Code (IBC), but the 2003 IBC contains its own design requirements, which are different from those in ASTM E 1300.

B. Thermal Movements: Allow for thermal movements from ambient and surface temperature changes acting on glass framing members and glazing components.

Differential values in subparagraph below (for aluminum in particular) are suitable for most of the U.S.

1. Temperature Change: 120 deg F (67 deg C), ambient; 180 deg F (100 deg C), material surfaces.

1.5 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each glass product and glazing material indicated.

B. Glass Samples: For each type of the following products; 6 inches (150 mm) square.

1. Tinted insulating glass.

1.6 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

Coordinate first paragraph below with qualification requirements in Section 014000 "Quality Requirements" and as supplemented in "Quality Assurance" Article. Retain second option only if retaining sputter-coated, low-e-coated, insulating-glass units in Part 2 and products listed are those of a manufacturer with a certified fabricator program. When this Section was updated, Guardian Industries Corp. and PPG Industries had certified fabricator programs.

A. Qualification Data: For installers.

Retain first paragraph below for product certificates from manufacturers.

B. Warranties: Sample of special warranties.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Retain option in first paragraph below only if products listed in Part 2 for sputter-coated, low-e-coated, insulating-glass units are those of a manufacturer with a certified fabricator program. When this Section was updated, Guardian and PPG had certified fabricator programs.

A. Manufacturer Qualifications for Insulating-Glass Units with Sputter-Coated, Low-E Coatings: A qualified insulating-glass manufacturer who is approved and certified by coated-glass manufacturer.

If retaining first paragraph below, verify, with prospective installers, that they can comply with certification requirements referenced.

B. Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer who employs glass installers for this Project who are certified under the National Glass Association's Certified Glass Installer Program.

Retain first paragraph below if retaining "Product Test Reports" Paragraph in "Informational Submittals" Article and it is known that glass products specified have been tested by NFRC-accredited testing agencies.

C. Source Limitations for Glass: Obtain insulating glass from single source from single manufacturer for each glass type.

D. Source Limitations for Glazing Accessories: Obtain from single source from single manufacturer for each product and installation method.

E. Glazing Publications: Comply with published recommendations of glass product manufacturers and organizations below, unless more stringent requirements are indicated. Refer to these publications for glazing terms not otherwise defined in this Section or in referenced standards.

Retain publications in subparagraphs below that apply to glass products specified.

1. IGMA Publication for Insulating Glass: SIGMA TM-3000, "North American Glazing Guidelines for Sealed Insulating Glass Units for Commercial and Residential Use."

Retain first paragraph below if applicable and if labeling is required. Not all manufacturers participate in third-party testing programs.

Delete first paragraph below if no insulating glass. Not all manufacturers participate in program; refer to the IGCC directory for participants. Verify that types of units required are certified.

F. Insulating-Glass Certification Program: Permanently marked either on spacers or on at least one component lite of units with appropriate certification label of IGCC.

Retain paragraph below if Work of this Section is extensive or complex enough to justify a preinstallation conference.

G. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

If retaining subparagraphs below, revise to include Project-specific requirements. Insert additional requirements to suit Project.

1. Review and finalize construction schedule and verify availability of materials, Installer's personnel, equipment, and facilities needed to make progress and avoid delays.

2. Review temporary protection requirements for glazing during and after installation.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Protect glazing materials according to manufacturer's written instructions. Prevent damage to glass and glazing materials from condensation, temperature changes, direct exposure to sun, or other causes.

Retain paragraph below if there is a reasonable possibility that insulating glass might be air freighted to Project site or will otherwise be exposed to substantial altitude changes.

B. Comply with insulating-glass manufacturer's written recommendations for venting and sealing units to avoid hermetic seal ruptures due to altitude change.

1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Environmental Limitations: Do not proceed with glazing when ambient and substrate temperature conditions are outside limits permitted by glazing material manufacturers and when glazing channel substrates are wet from rain, frost, condensation, or other causes.

Retain subparagraph below if sealants are required. Revise if another temperature range is required.

1. Do not install glazing sealants when ambient and substrate temperature conditions are outside limits permitted by sealant manufacturer or below 40 deg F (4.4 deg C).

1.10 WARRANTY

When warranties are required, verify with Owner's counsel that special warranties stated in this article are not less than remedies available to Owner under prevailing local laws.

Paragraphs below are examples only.

A. Manufacturer's Special Warranty on Insulating Glass: Manufacturer's standard form in which insulating-glass manufacturer agrees to replace insulating-glass units that deteriorate within specified warranty period. Deterioration of insulating glass is defined as failure of hermetic seal under normal use that is not attributed to glass breakage or to maintaining and cleaning insulating glass contrary to manufacturer's written instructions. Evidence of failure is the obstruction of vision by dust, moisture, or film on interior surfaces of glass.

Verify available warranties and warranty periods with manufacturers listed in Part 2 articles. Revise subparagraph below if glass manufacturers insist on warranty beginning on date of manufacture. See Evaluations.

1. Warranty Period: 10 years from date of Substantial Completion.

Possibly insert glazier's warranty covering labor to replace insulating-glass units or, as an alternative, a maintenance contract that incorporates unit prices for replacement labor.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GLASS PRODUCTS, GENERAL

A. Thickness: Where glass thickness is indicated, it is a minimum. Provide glass lites in thicknesses as needed to comply with requirements indicated.

Delete first subparagraph below if glass thickness for each kind of glass is indicated on Drawings or in Part 2 articles where glass units are specified.

1. Minimum Glass Thickness for Exterior Lites: Not less than 6.0 mm.

Revise subparagraph below if different thicknesses of tinted glass are required for specific locations. Different thicknesses of tinted glass will have different appearances.

2. Thickness of Tinted Glass: Provide same thickness for each tint color indicated throughout Project.

B. Strength: Where float glass is indicated, provide annealed float glass, Kind HS heat-treated float glass, or Kind FT heat-treated float glass. Where heat-strengthened glass is indicated, provide Kind HS heat-treated float glass or Kind FT heat-treated float glass. Where fully tempered glass is indicated, provide Kind FT heat-treated float glass.

Retain first paragraph below if required by Project. The IBC defines wind-borne debris regions. Enhanced protection applies to essential facilities. Verify requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

C. Thermal and Optical Performance Properties: Provide glass with performance properties specified, as indicated in manufacturer's published test data, based on procedures indicated below:

Retain subparagraphs below that apply to types of glass for which thermal and optical performance properties are specified.

1. For monolithic-glass lites, properties are based on units with lites 6.0 mm thick.

2. For insulating-glass units, properties are based on units of thickness indicated for overall unit and for each lite.

3. U-Factors: Center-of-glazing values, according to NFRC 100 and based on LBL's WINDOW 5.2 computer program, expressed as Btu/sq. ft. x h x deg F (W/sq. m x K).

4. Solar Heat-Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance: Center-of-glazing values, according to NFRC 200 and based on LBL's WINDOW 5.2 computer program.

5. Visible Reflectance: Center-of-glazing values, according to NFRC 300.

2.2 GLASS PRODUCTS

Retain paragraphs in this article that apply to monolithic-, laminated-, and insulating-glass types specified.

Retain first paragraph below even if plain, clear float glass is not required; other paragraphs in this article and in glass types articles depend on it for definition of "float glass."

A. Float Glass: ASTM C 1036, Type I, Quality-Q3, Class I (clear) unless otherwise indicated.

Retain option in first paragraph below if required for passive solar design.

Retain first paragraph below even if plain, clear heat-treated float glass is not required; other paragraphs in this article and glass types articles depend on it for definition of "heat-treated float glass." Always retain paragraph if Contractor is responsible for determining glass thickness and strength.

If heat soaking of fully tempered glass is needed, insert requirements here.

Coating in first paragraph below is available only on clear float glass and is applied pyrolytically on the float line. Consequently, if a reflective or low-e coating is required (which would be on the second surface, which was exposed to the molten tin bath on the float line), it must be a sputtered coating.

B. Pyrolytic-Coated, Self-Cleaning, Low-Maintenance Glass: Clear float glass with a coating on first surface having both photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties that act to loosen dirt and to cause water to sheet evenly over the glass instead of beading.

See Editing Instruction No. 1 in the Evaluations for cautions about naming manufacturers and products. See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."

1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. AFG Industries, Inc.; Spotless Ti.

b. Cardinal Glass Industries; LoE2 Plus.

c. Pilkington North America; Activ.

d. PPG Industries, Inc.; SunClean.

e. Or approved equal.

If more than one color of tinted float glass is required, copy and re-edit first paragraph below for each color required and insert a color designation, such as "blue" or "bronze" at the beginning of the paragraph title. Use those color designations in schedules or on Drawings to identify where each color is required.

C. Uncoated Tinted Float Glass: Class 2, complying with other requirements specified.

1. Tint Color: To match existing.

Insert performance properties in subparagraph below to suit product(s) selected.

Wired glass is not recognized as safety glazing in the 2006 IBC, which requires safety glazing in doors except in openings through which a 3-inch (76-mm) sphere is unable to pass.

Retain classifications for finish and pattern in first paragraph below to suit products named.

If more than one color of reflective-coated vision glass is required, copy and re-edit first paragraph below for each color required and insert a color designation, such as "blue" or "bronze" at the beginning of the paragraph title. Use those color designations in schedules or on Drawings to identify where each color is required. Pyrolytic coatings may be used on either the first or the second surface of monolithic-glass lites as well as other surfaces of laminated and insulating glass. Sputtered coatings may only be used with monolithic glass if recommended by manufacturer, and then only on the second surface. Otherwise, sputtered coating must be used with either laminated or insulating glass and placed on the second or third surface. Some sputter-coated products are heat treatable after coating is applied.

If more than one color of ceramic-coated spandrel glass is required, copy and re-edit first paragraph below for each color required and insert a color designation, such as "blue" or "bronze" at the beginning of the paragraph title. Use those color designations in schedules or on Drawings to identify where each color is required.

If more than one color of silicone-coated spandrel glass is required, copy and re-edit first paragraph below for each color required and insert a color designation, such as "blue" or "bronze" at the beginning of the paragraph title. Use those color designations in schedules or on Drawings to identify where each color is required. Coating below is an elastomeric paint and is less expensive than ceramic coating. Silicone coating is typically more uneven than ceramic coating and frequently contains pin holes; however, these irregularities are generally not visible from typical viewing distances because of lack of illumination in the space behind spandrel glass. Silicone coating is more readily available in custom colors and may provide fallout resistance.

If more than one color of reflective-coated spandrel glass is required, copy and re-edit paragraph below for each color required and insert a color designation, such as "blue" or "bronze" at the beginning of the paragraph title. Use those color designations in schedules or on Drawings to identify where each color is required.

2.3 INSULATING GLASS

A. Insulating-Glass Units: Factory-assembled units consisting of sealed lites of glass separated by a dehydrated interspace, qualified according to ASTM E 2190, and complying with other requirements specified.

Retain one sealing system from options in first subparagraph below or insert other combinations; coordinate with manufacturers and products selected.

1. Sealing System: Dual seal, with manufacturer's standard primary and secondary.

If retaining a specific spacer material, coordinate with manufacturers and products selected.

2. Spacer: Aluminum with black, color anodic finish.

Revise subparagraph below if a specific type of desiccant is required.

3. Desiccant: Molecular sieve or silica gel, or blend of both.

B. Glass: Comply with applicable requirements in "Glass Products" Article] as indicated by designations in "Insulating-Glass Types" Article.

If needed, insert other types of proprietary or special gasket systems by naming manufacturer and product, if not specified in the Section where the window or glazed curtain-wall system is specified.

2.4 GLAZING SEALANTS

A. General:

1. Compatibility: Provide glazing sealants that are compatible with one another and with other materials they will contact, including glass products, seals of insulating-glass units, and glazing channel substrates, under conditions of service and application, as demonstrated by sealant manufacturer based on testing and field experience.

2. Suitability: Comply with sealant and glass manufacturers' written instructions for selecting glazing sealants suitable for applications indicated and for conditions existing at time of installation.

Retain first subparagraph below if required for LEED-NC, LEED-CI, or LEED-CS Credit IEQ 4.1.

3. Sealants used inside the weatherproofing system, shall have a VOC content of not more than 250 g/L when calculated according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).

Retain first subparagraph below if required for LEED for Schools Credit IEQ 4.

4. Colors of Exposed Glazing Sealants: As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range.

Retain one or more of first four paragraphs below. If retaining more than one, retain "Applications" subparagraphs.

B. Glazing Sealant: Neutral-curing silicone glazing sealant complying with ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade NS, Class 100/50, Use NT.

See Editing Instruction No. 1 in the Evaluations for cautions about naming manufacturers and products. See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."

1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. Dow Corning Corporation; 790.

b. GE Advanced Materials - Silicones; SilPruf LM SCS2700.

c. May National Associates, Inc.; Bondaflex Sil 290.

d. Pecora Corporation; 890.

e. Sika Corporation, Construction Products Division; SikaSil-C990.

f. Tremco Incorporated; Spectrem 1.

g. Or approved equal.

2.5 MISCELLANEOUS GLAZING MATERIALS

A. General: Provide products of material, size, and shape complying with referenced glazing standard, requirements of manufacturers of glass and other glazing materials for application indicated, and with a proven record of compatibility with surfaces contacted in installation.

B. Cleaners, Primers, and Sealers: Types recommended by sealant or gasket manufacturer.

C. Setting Blocks: Elastomeric material with a Shore, Type A durometer hardness of 85, plus or minus 5.

D. Spacers: Elastomeric blocks or continuous extrusions of hardness required by glass manufacturer to maintain glass lites in place for installation indicated.

E. Edge Blocks: Elastomeric material of hardness needed to limit glass lateral movement (side walking).

Retain first paragraph below if applicable for glazing channels.

F. Cylindrical Glazing Sealant Backing: ASTM C 1330, Type O (open-cell material), of size and density to control glazing sealant depth and otherwise produce optimum glazing sealant performance.

2.6 FABRICATION OF GLAZING UNITS

A. Fabricate glazing units in sizes required to fit openings indicated for Project, with edge and face clearances, edge and surface conditions, and bite complying with written instructions of product manufacturer and referenced glazing publications, to comply with system performance requirements.

Retain first paragraph below for butt-glazed lites.

B. Clean-cut or flat-grind vertical edges of butt-glazed monolithic lites to produce square edges with slight chamfers at junctions of edges and faces.

Retain paragraph below for exposed edges and corners.

C. Grind smooth and polish exposed glass edges and corners.

Revise five articles below to suit Project. Retain requirements in "Glass Products" Article that reference glass standards, but do not duplicate requirements retained in that article.

Copy paragraphs in the five articles if needed and re-edit them to suit Project.

Insert number to complete drawing designations. Use these designations on Drawings to show where each glass type is required.

2.7 INSULATING-GLASS TYPES

A. Glass Type: Low-e-coated, tinted insulating glass.

1. Overall Unit Thickness: 1 inch (25 mm).

2. Thickness of Each Glass Lite: 6.0 mm.

3. Outdoor Lite: Tinted float glass.

4. Interspace Content: Argon.

5. Indoor Lite: Clear float glass.

6. Low-E Coating: Pyrolytic on second surface.

7. Tinting: To match existing.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine framing, glazing channels, and stops, with Installer present, for compliance with the following:

1. Manufacturing and installation tolerances, including those for size, squareness, and offsets at corners.

2. Presence and functioning of weep systems.

3. Minimum required face and edge clearances.

4. Effective sealing between joints of glass-framing members.

B. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Clean glazing channels and other framing members receiving glass immediately before glazing. Remove coatings not firmly bonded to substrates.

B. Examine glazing units to locate exterior and interior surfaces. Label or mark units as needed so that exterior and interior surfaces are readily identifiable. Do not use materials that will leave visible marks in the completed work.

3.3 GLAZING, GENERAL

A. Comply with combined written instructions of manufacturers of glass, sealants, gaskets, and other glazing materials, unless more stringent requirements are indicated, including those in referenced glazing publications.

B. Adjust glazing channel dimensions as required by Project conditions during installation to provide necessary bite on glass, minimum edge and face clearances, and adequate sealant thicknesses, with reasonable tolerances.

C. Protect glass edges from damage during handling and installation. Remove damaged glass from Project site and legally dispose of off Project site. Damaged glass is glass with edge damage or other imperfections that, when installed, could weaken glass and impair performance and appearance.

D. Apply primers to joint surfaces where required for adhesion of sealants, as determined by preconstruction testing.

E. Install setting blocks in sill rabbets, sized and located to comply with referenced glazing publications, unless otherwise required by glass manufacturer. Set blocks in thin course of compatible sealant suitable for heel bead.

F. Do not exceed edge pressures stipulated by glass manufacturers for installing glass lites.

G. Provide spacers for glass lites where length plus width is larger than 50 inches (1270 mm).

1. Locate spacers directly opposite each other on both inside and outside faces of glass. Install correct size and spacing to preserve required face clearances, unless gaskets and glazing tapes are used that have demonstrated ability to maintain required face clearances and to comply with system performance requirements.

2. Provide 1/8-inch (3-mm) minimum bite of spacers on glass and use thickness equal to sealant width. With glazing tape, use thickness slightly less than final compressed thickness of tape.

H. Provide edge blocking where indicated or needed to prevent glass lites from moving sideways in glazing channel, as recommended in writing by glass manufacturer and according to requirements in referenced glazing publications.

I. Set glass lites in each series with uniform pattern, draw, bow, and similar characteristics.

J. Set glass lites with proper orientation so that coatings face exterior or interior as specified.

Retain both paragraphs below if glazing with wedge-shaped gaskets is required for Project.

K. Where wedge-shaped gaskets are driven into one side of channel to pressurize sealant or gasket on opposite side, provide adequate anchorage so gasket cannot walk out when installation is subjected to movement.

L. Square cut wedge-shaped gaskets at corners and install gaskets in a manner recommended by gasket manufacturer to prevent corners from pulling away; seal corner joints and butt joints with sealant recommended by gasket manufacturer.

3.4 SEALANT GLAZING (WET)

A. Install continuous spacers, or spacers combined with cylindrical sealant backing, between glass lites and glazing stops to maintain glass face clearances and to prevent sealant from extruding into glass channel and blocking weep systems until sealants cure. Secure spacers or spacers and backings in place and in position to control depth of installed sealant relative to edge clearance for optimum sealant performance.

B. Force sealants into glazing channels to eliminate voids and to ensure complete wetting or bond of sealant to glass and channel surfaces.

C. Tool exposed surfaces of sealants to provide a substantial wash away from glass.

3.5 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Protect exterior glass from damage immediately after installation by attaching crossed streamers to framing held away from glass. Do not apply markers to glass surface. Remove nonpermanent labels and clean surfaces.

B. Protect glass from contact with contaminating substances resulting from construction operations. If, despite such protection, contaminating substances do come into contact with glass, remove substances immediately as recommended in writing by glass manufacturer.

C. Examine glass surfaces adjacent to or below exterior concrete and other masonry surfaces at frequent intervals during construction, but not less than once a month, for buildup of dirt, scum, alkaline deposits, or stains; remove as recommended in writing by glass manufacturer.

D. Remove and replace glass that is broken, chipped, cracked, or abraded or that is damaged from natural causes, accidents, and vandalism, during construction period.

Retain paragraph below to suit Project. Delete if covered in Section 017700 "Closeout Procedures."

E. Wash glass on both exposed surfaces in each area of Project not more than four days before date scheduled for inspections that establish date of Substantial Completion. Wash glass as recommended in writing by glass manufacturer.

END OF SECTION 088000